Osteoporosis,the most prevalent skeletal disorder,is primarily driven by aberrantly increased osteoclast formation and/or activity.Targeting hyperactive osteoclasts remains the cornerstone of current therapeutic strat...Osteoporosis,the most prevalent skeletal disorder,is primarily driven by aberrantly increased osteoclast formation and/or activity.Targeting hyperactive osteoclasts remains the cornerstone of current therapeutic strategies.Crebanine(Cre),a natural isoquinoline-derived alkaloid with diverse pharmacological activities,has not yet been explored for osteoporosis treatment.This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of Cre against ovariectomy(OVX)-induced osteoporosis and elucidate its underlying mechanisms.Cre dose-dependently inhibited in vitro osteoclast differentiation,actin ring formation,and bone resorption by downregulating nuclear factor of activated T cells 1(NFATc1)and key osteoclast-related genes.Simultaneously,Cre enhanced osteoblast differentiation and mineralization,upregulated osteoblast marker genes,and restored hydrogen peroxide-impaired alkaline phosphatase(ALP)activity impaired by hydrogen peroxide,indicating dual regulation of bone remodeling.Mechanistically,Cre activated sirtuin 1(Sirt1),promoting p65 deacetylation,inactivated IκB kinase(IKK),and stabilized IκBα,thus inhibiting nuclear factor-kappaB(NF-κB)signaling.Additionally,Cre reduced reactive oxygen species(ROS)by upregulating antioxidant enzymes(heme oxygenase-1(HO-1),catalase)and suppressing nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NAD)phosphate(NADPH)oxidases(NOX1/4).Furthermore,Cre specifically bound to the predicted site of receptor activator of NF-κB(RANK),blocking RANK ligand(RANKL)-RANK interaction and disrupting downstream protein kinase B(Akt)and mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)signaling pathways.In the OVX mouse model,Cre significantly attenuated bone loss and osteoclastogenesis.Crucially,Cre showed no toxicity in liver or kidney function tests.Collectively,these findings demonstrate that Cre exerts dual therapeutic effects,inhibiting osteoclastogenesis via Sirt1-mediated NF-κB/ROS suppression and promoting osteoblast activity,providing a promising therapeutic strategy for osteoporosis.展开更多
Against the backdrop of global warming,snow drought events have occurred frequently in Xinjiang in recent decades,posing severe threats to agricultural and pastoral ecosystems.Based on ERA5 reanalysis data,the Long-te...Against the backdrop of global warming,snow drought events have occurred frequently in Xinjiang in recent decades,posing severe threats to agricultural and pastoral ecosystems.Based on ERA5 reanalysis data,the Long-term Series of Daily Snow Depth Dataset in China,and CMIP6 climate projections,this study systematically investigates the spatiotemporal heterogeneity and evolutionary characteristics of typical snow droughts in Xinjiang during 1980–2021.The results indicate that snow droughts in Xinjiang exhibit pronounced temporal clustering.Prior to 2000,dry-only snow droughts occurred more frequently,whereas since 2000,warm-dry snow droughts have increased markedly.Meanwhile,the frequency of warm-only snow droughts has relatively declined.Snow droughts also exhibit strong spatial heterogeneity.The Kunlun Mountains experience the highest frequency of snow droughts and are projected to experience higher snow drought risk in the future.In addition,this study identifies cold snow droughts driven primarily by snow sublimation,highlighting a distinct mechanism for snow drought formation in the high-altitude regions of Xinjiang.With continued warming,the risk of snow drought in Xinjiang is projected to intensify by 2100.Warm-dry snow droughts are expected to become more frequent,whereas dry-only snow droughts are projected to decrease.Overall,this study elucidates the formation processes and coupled thermal-hydrological mechanisms of different snow drought types,providing a scientific basis for snow drought prediction and mitigation in Xinjiang.展开更多
Artificial solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)represents a promising strategy for stabilizing Zn electrodes by suppressing dendrite formation and parasitic reactions.However,conventional SEI designs suffer from sluggish...Artificial solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)represents a promising strategy for stabilizing Zn electrodes by suppressing dendrite formation and parasitic reactions.However,conventional SEI designs suffer from sluggish Zn2+transport kinetics and mechanical instability during cycling.Herein,we construct a thin chitosan@alginate(CS@SA,~1.5μm)bilayer SEI on Zn electrodes via electrodeposition.Mutually activated functional groups(-COOH in outer SA and-NH2in inner CS)synergistically(1)facilitate the desolvation of[Zn(H2O)6]2+,(2)block reactive H2O contact with the Zn surface,and(3)establish polymer-chain-accelerated Zn2+transport pathways.Hydrogen-bond reconfiguration endows the CS@SA bilayer with in-situ self-healing and anti-detachment features,dynamically maintaining interfacial integrity.These merits simultaneously enhance the Zn electrode stability and Zn2+migration kinetics.Consequently,the Zn@CS@SA electrode demonstrates a high average Coulombic efficiency(CE)of 99.74%over 1000 cycles at 2 mA cm-2and 1 mAh cm-2in the asymmetric cell.The Zn@CS@SA//MnO2demonstrates a four-fold capacity of Zn//MnO2after 1000 cycles at 2 A g-1.展开更多
The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) with high-throughput experimentation (HTE) techniques is revolutionizing catalyst design, addressing challenges in efficiency, cost, and scalability. This review explore...The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) with high-throughput experimentation (HTE) techniques is revolutionizing catalyst design, addressing challenges in efficiency, cost, and scalability. This review explores the synergistic application of AI and HTE, highlighting their role in accelerating catalyst discovery, optimizing reaction parameters, and understanding structure-performance relationships. HTE facilitates the rapid preparation, characterization, and evaluation of diverse catalyst formulations, generating large datasets essential for AI model training. Machine learning algorithms, including regression models, neural networks, and active learning frameworks, analyze these datasets to uncover the underlying relationships between the data, predict performance, and optimize experimental workflows in real-time. Case studies across heterogeneous, homogeneous, and electrocatalysis demonstrate significant advancements, including improved reaction selectivity, enhanced material stability, and shorten discovery cycles. The integration of AI with HTE has significantly accelerated discovery cycles, enabling the optimization of catalyst formulations and reaction conditions. Despite these achievements, challenges remain, including reliance on researcher expertise, real-time adaptability, and the complexity of large-scale data analysis. Addressing these limitations through refined experimental protocols, standardized datasets, and interpretable AI models will unlock the full potential of AI-HTE integration.展开更多
Bipolar disorder(BD)is a severe mood disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of mania and depression,and it is prone to delayed diagnosis,which can lead to worsened outcomes,including more frequent mood episodes,...Bipolar disorder(BD)is a severe mood disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of mania and depression,and it is prone to delayed diagnosis,which can lead to worsened outcomes,including more frequent mood episodes,greater functional impairment,and comorbidities.Early diagnosis of BD remains a significant challenge,although recent advances offer promising insights,such as research in molecular biomarkers,neuroimaging,exosomes,genetics,and epigenetics.This mini-review highlights their potential for providing earlier,more accurate identification of BD and discusses the underlying reasons why current research has not yet succeeded.For instance,the high heterogeneity of symptomatic presentations leads to low consistency in study participants;delayed BD diagnosis results in the inclusion of potential BD patients in the depression group;low specificity of biomarkers stems from limited understanding of BD pathophysiology;and there is a possibility that BD is not innate but develops over the course of the disease.Deepening our understanding of BD pathology,identifying more specific biomarkers,and integrating multiomics approaches for validation studies in well-defined homogeneous cohorts hold promise for significant breakthroughs.展开更多
The existing state and partitioning of rare earth(RE)on weathered ores in Longnan County(LN),Xingfeng County(XF)and Ninghua County(NH)were characterized systematically by standard geological analytical methods.It is f...The existing state and partitioning of rare earth(RE)on weathered ores in Longnan County(LN),Xingfeng County(XF)and Ninghua County(NH)were characterized systematically by standard geological analytical methods.It is found that RE in the weathered rare earth ores exist as four phases:(a)water soluble,(b)ion-exchangeable,(c)colloidal sediment(oxides),(d)minerals,in which mainly as ion exchangeable phase,accounting for nearly 80%of total RE,with about 20%in the form of colloid sediment phase and mineral phase,but very little as aqueous soluble phase.These rare earth partitioning were mainly chosen mid-heavy RE elements,occupying above 60%,but not equal in the four phases.The mid-heavy RE elements were primarily enriched in the ion exchangeable phase up to 40%,while the containment of cerium dioxide is below 2%.The cerium deficiency occurs in the ion exchangeable phase in weathered ore.It results from that the Ce^3+is oxidized into Ce^4+and changes into CeO2.For LN ore,the containment of Y is high in weathered ore because Y-minerals are abundant in original rock.展开更多
As a discipline,the science of natural hazards and disaster risk aims to explain the spatial-temporal pattern,process and mechanism,emergency response and risk mitigation of natural hazards,which requires a multidisci...As a discipline,the science of natural hazards and disaster risk aims to explain the spatial-temporal pattern,process and mechanism,emergency response and risk mitigation of natural hazards,which requires a multidisci-plinary and interdisciplinary approach.With the support of Natural Science Finance of China(NSFC)and Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS),in-depth research and systematic analysis on natural hazards and disaster risk were conducted.In this paper,the state of the art in research on natural hazards is summarized from seven aspects:formation process,mechanism and dynamic of natural hazards,disaster risk assessment,forecast,monitoring and early warning,disaster mitigation,emergency treatment and rescue,risk management and post-disaster re-construction.The trends within the natural hazards and disaster risk as a discipline were identified,along with existing shortcomings and significant gaps that need to be addressed.This paper highlighted:1)the scientific challenges including the frontier scientific issues and technological gaps on natural hazards and disaster risk dis-cipline from 2025 to 2035 in China,and 2)the proposal to develop a systemic and holistic natural hazards and disaster risk discipline.展开更多
In this study, an east-moving Tibetan Plateau vortex(TPV) is analyzed by using the ERA-5 reanalysis and multi-source satellite data, including FengYun-2 E, Aqua/MODIS and CALIPSO. The objective is to demonstrate:(i) t...In this study, an east-moving Tibetan Plateau vortex(TPV) is analyzed by using the ERA-5 reanalysis and multi-source satellite data, including FengYun-2 E, Aqua/MODIS and CALIPSO. The objective is to demonstrate:(i) the usefulness of multi-spectral satellite observations in understanding the evolution of a TPV and the associated rainfall, and(ii) the potential significance of cloud-top quantitative information in improving Southwest China weather forecasts. Results in this study show that the heavy rainfall is caused by the coupling of an east-moving TPV and some low-level weather systems [a Plateau shear line and a Southwest Vortex(SWV)], wherein the TPV is a key component. During the TPV's life cycle, the rainfall and vortex intensity maintain a significant positive correlation with the convective cloud-top fraction and height within a 2.5?radius away from its center. Moreover, its growth is found to be quite sensitive to the cloud phases and particle sizes. In the mature stage when the TPV is coupled with an SWV, an increase of small ice crystal particles and appearance of ring-and U/V-shaped cold cloud-top structures can be seen as the signature of a stronger convection and rainfall enhancement within the TPV. A tropopause folding caused by ageostrophic flows at the upper level may be a key factor in the formation of ring-shaped and U/V-shaped cloud-top structures. Based on these results, we believe that the supplementary quantitative information of an east-moving TPV cloud top collected by multi-spectral satellite observations could help to improve Southwest China short-rangeowcasting weather forecasts.展开更多
The properties of rare earth partitioning in Chinese industrial rare earth ores were analyzed. Rare earth ores can be divided into the single-mineral type ore with bastnaesite, the multi-mineral type ore with bastnaes...The properties of rare earth partitioning in Chinese industrial rare earth ores were analyzed. Rare earth ores can be divided into the single-mineral type ore with bastnaesite, the multi-mineral type ore with bastnaesite and monazite, and the weathering crust type. Both the Bayan Obo rate earth ore and the Zhushan rate earth ore are a kind of mixed ore, consisting of basmaesite and monazite. Their rate earth partifionings are strongly enriched in light rate earths, where CeO2 is 50% and the light rate earth partitioning is totally over 95%. The Mianning rate earth ore as well as the Weishan rate earth is a kind of rate earth ore only having basmaesite. Their rare earth partitionings are also strongly enriched in light rate earths, in which CeO2 is 47% and the light rare earth partitioning is totally over 94%. For the weathering crust type rate earth ore, there are the Longnan rare earth ore, the Xunwu rare earth ore, and the middle yttrium and rich europium ore. In the Longnan rate earth ore, which is strongly enriched in heavy rate earths, Y2O3 is 64.83%, and the heavy and light rate earth partitionings are 89.40% and 10.53%, respectively. In the Xunwu rate earth ore, which is strongly enriched in light rate earths, CeO2 is 47.16%, and the light rate earth partitioning is totally 93.25%. Y and Eu are enriched in the middle yttrium and rich europium ore. Its middle rare earth partitioning is totally over 10%, and Eu2O3 and Y2O3 are over 0.5% and 20%, respectively, which are mainly industrial resources of the middle and the heavy rare earths.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.:2020YFC2004900)the R&D Program of Beijing Municipal Education Commission,China(Grant No.:22JG0059)the Key Science and Technology Project of Beijing Municipal Education Commission,China(Grant No.:KZ20231002537)。
摘要Osteoporosis,the most prevalent skeletal disorder,is primarily driven by aberrantly increased osteoclast formation and/or activity.Targeting hyperactive osteoclasts remains the cornerstone of current therapeutic strategies.Crebanine(Cre),a natural isoquinoline-derived alkaloid with diverse pharmacological activities,has not yet been explored for osteoporosis treatment.This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of Cre against ovariectomy(OVX)-induced osteoporosis and elucidate its underlying mechanisms.Cre dose-dependently inhibited in vitro osteoclast differentiation,actin ring formation,and bone resorption by downregulating nuclear factor of activated T cells 1(NFATc1)and key osteoclast-related genes.Simultaneously,Cre enhanced osteoblast differentiation and mineralization,upregulated osteoblast marker genes,and restored hydrogen peroxide-impaired alkaline phosphatase(ALP)activity impaired by hydrogen peroxide,indicating dual regulation of bone remodeling.Mechanistically,Cre activated sirtuin 1(Sirt1),promoting p65 deacetylation,inactivated IκB kinase(IKK),and stabilized IκBα,thus inhibiting nuclear factor-kappaB(NF-κB)signaling.Additionally,Cre reduced reactive oxygen species(ROS)by upregulating antioxidant enzymes(heme oxygenase-1(HO-1),catalase)and suppressing nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NAD)phosphate(NADPH)oxidases(NOX1/4).Furthermore,Cre specifically bound to the predicted site of receptor activator of NF-κB(RANK),blocking RANK ligand(RANKL)-RANK interaction and disrupting downstream protein kinase B(Akt)and mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)signaling pathways.In the OVX mouse model,Cre significantly attenuated bone loss and osteoclastogenesis.Crucially,Cre showed no toxicity in liver or kidney function tests.Collectively,these findings demonstrate that Cre exerts dual therapeutic effects,inhibiting osteoclastogenesis via Sirt1-mediated NF-κB/ROS suppression and promoting osteoblast activity,providing a promising therapeutic strategy for osteoporosis.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2024YFE0104200)the Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Utilization in Arid Zone,Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XJYS0907–2023–24)the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(Grant Nos.2023QNRC001&2022QNRC001)。
摘要Against the backdrop of global warming,snow drought events have occurred frequently in Xinjiang in recent decades,posing severe threats to agricultural and pastoral ecosystems.Based on ERA5 reanalysis data,the Long-term Series of Daily Snow Depth Dataset in China,and CMIP6 climate projections,this study systematically investigates the spatiotemporal heterogeneity and evolutionary characteristics of typical snow droughts in Xinjiang during 1980–2021.The results indicate that snow droughts in Xinjiang exhibit pronounced temporal clustering.Prior to 2000,dry-only snow droughts occurred more frequently,whereas since 2000,warm-dry snow droughts have increased markedly.Meanwhile,the frequency of warm-only snow droughts has relatively declined.Snow droughts also exhibit strong spatial heterogeneity.The Kunlun Mountains experience the highest frequency of snow droughts and are projected to experience higher snow drought risk in the future.In addition,this study identifies cold snow droughts driven primarily by snow sublimation,highlighting a distinct mechanism for snow drought formation in the high-altitude regions of Xinjiang.With continued warming,the risk of snow drought in Xinjiang is projected to intensify by 2100.Warm-dry snow droughts are expected to become more frequent,whereas dry-only snow droughts are projected to decrease.Overall,this study elucidates the formation processes and coupled thermal-hydrological mechanisms of different snow drought types,providing a scientific basis for snow drought prediction and mitigation in Xinjiang.
基金Key Research and Development Projects in Tibet Autonomous Region(XZ202401ZY0104)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Chang'an University(300102315501,300102384103)Shaanxi State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission Project(ZXZJ-2024-018)。
摘要Artificial solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)represents a promising strategy for stabilizing Zn electrodes by suppressing dendrite formation and parasitic reactions.However,conventional SEI designs suffer from sluggish Zn2+transport kinetics and mechanical instability during cycling.Herein,we construct a thin chitosan@alginate(CS@SA,~1.5μm)bilayer SEI on Zn electrodes via electrodeposition.Mutually activated functional groups(-COOH in outer SA and-NH2in inner CS)synergistically(1)facilitate the desolvation of[Zn(H2O)6]2+,(2)block reactive H2O contact with the Zn surface,and(3)establish polymer-chain-accelerated Zn2+transport pathways.Hydrogen-bond reconfiguration endows the CS@SA bilayer with in-situ self-healing and anti-detachment features,dynamically maintaining interfacial integrity.These merits simultaneously enhance the Zn electrode stability and Zn2+migration kinetics.Consequently,the Zn@CS@SA electrode demonstrates a high average Coulombic efficiency(CE)of 99.74%over 1000 cycles at 2 mA cm-2and 1 mAh cm-2in the asymmetric cell.The Zn@CS@SA//MnO2demonstrates a four-fold capacity of Zn//MnO2after 1000 cycles at 2 A g-1.
基金supported by the Special Project of National Natural Science Foundation(42341204)the the National Natural Science Foundation of China(W2411009).
摘要The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) with high-throughput experimentation (HTE) techniques is revolutionizing catalyst design, addressing challenges in efficiency, cost, and scalability. This review explores the synergistic application of AI and HTE, highlighting their role in accelerating catalyst discovery, optimizing reaction parameters, and understanding structure-performance relationships. HTE facilitates the rapid preparation, characterization, and evaluation of diverse catalyst formulations, generating large datasets essential for AI model training. Machine learning algorithms, including regression models, neural networks, and active learning frameworks, analyze these datasets to uncover the underlying relationships between the data, predict performance, and optimize experimental workflows in real-time. Case studies across heterogeneous, homogeneous, and electrocatalysis demonstrate significant advancements, including improved reaction selectivity, enhanced material stability, and shorten discovery cycles. The integration of AI with HTE has significantly accelerated discovery cycles, enabling the optimization of catalyst formulations and reaction conditions. Despite these achievements, challenges remain, including reliance on researcher expertise, real-time adaptability, and the complexity of large-scale data analysis. Addressing these limitations through refined experimental protocols, standardized datasets, and interpretable AI models will unlock the full potential of AI-HTE integration.
基金Supported by Research Plan Project of Tianjin Municipal Education Commission,No.2022KJ264.
摘要Bipolar disorder(BD)is a severe mood disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of mania and depression,and it is prone to delayed diagnosis,which can lead to worsened outcomes,including more frequent mood episodes,greater functional impairment,and comorbidities.Early diagnosis of BD remains a significant challenge,although recent advances offer promising insights,such as research in molecular biomarkers,neuroimaging,exosomes,genetics,and epigenetics.This mini-review highlights their potential for providing earlier,more accurate identification of BD and discusses the underlying reasons why current research has not yet succeeded.For instance,the high heterogeneity of symptomatic presentations leads to low consistency in study participants;delayed BD diagnosis results in the inclusion of potential BD patients in the depression group;low specificity of biomarkers stems from limited understanding of BD pathophysiology;and there is a possibility that BD is not innate but develops over the course of the disease.Deepening our understanding of BD pathology,identifying more specific biomarkers,and integrating multiomics approaches for validation studies in well-defined homogeneous cohorts hold promise for significant breakthroughs.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(50474022)
摘要The existing state and partitioning of rare earth(RE)on weathered ores in Longnan County(LN),Xingfeng County(XF)and Ninghua County(NH)were characterized systematically by standard geological analytical methods.It is found that RE in the weathered rare earth ores exist as four phases:(a)water soluble,(b)ion-exchangeable,(c)colloidal sediment(oxides),(d)minerals,in which mainly as ion exchangeable phase,accounting for nearly 80%of total RE,with about 20%in the form of colloid sediment phase and mineral phase,but very little as aqueous soluble phase.These rare earth partitioning were mainly chosen mid-heavy RE elements,occupying above 60%,but not equal in the four phases.The mid-heavy RE elements were primarily enriched in the ion exchangeable phase up to 40%,while the containment of cerium dioxide is below 2%.The cerium deficiency occurs in the ion exchangeable phase in weathered ore.It results from that the Ce^3+is oxidized into Ce^4+and changes into CeO2.For LN ore,the containment of Y is high in weathered ore because Y-minerals are abundant in original rock.
基金This work was supported by the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.QYZDY-SSW-DQC006)the Major Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41790432)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.L1924041)Research Project on the Discipline Development Strategy of Academic Divisions of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grand No.XK2019DXC006).
摘要As a discipline,the science of natural hazards and disaster risk aims to explain the spatial-temporal pattern,process and mechanism,emergency response and risk mitigation of natural hazards,which requires a multidisci-plinary and interdisciplinary approach.With the support of Natural Science Finance of China(NSFC)and Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS),in-depth research and systematic analysis on natural hazards and disaster risk were conducted.In this paper,the state of the art in research on natural hazards is summarized from seven aspects:formation process,mechanism and dynamic of natural hazards,disaster risk assessment,forecast,monitoring and early warning,disaster mitigation,emergency treatment and rescue,risk management and post-disaster re-construction.The trends within the natural hazards and disaster risk as a discipline were identified,along with existing shortcomings and significant gaps that need to be addressed.This paper highlighted:1)the scientific challenges including the frontier scientific issues and technological gaps on natural hazards and disaster risk dis-cipline from 2025 to 2035 in China,and 2)the proposal to develop a systemic and holistic natural hazards and disaster risk discipline.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.41575048 and 91637105)
摘要In this study, an east-moving Tibetan Plateau vortex(TPV) is analyzed by using the ERA-5 reanalysis and multi-source satellite data, including FengYun-2 E, Aqua/MODIS and CALIPSO. The objective is to demonstrate:(i) the usefulness of multi-spectral satellite observations in understanding the evolution of a TPV and the associated rainfall, and(ii) the potential significance of cloud-top quantitative information in improving Southwest China weather forecasts. Results in this study show that the heavy rainfall is caused by the coupling of an east-moving TPV and some low-level weather systems [a Plateau shear line and a Southwest Vortex(SWV)], wherein the TPV is a key component. During the TPV's life cycle, the rainfall and vortex intensity maintain a significant positive correlation with the convective cloud-top fraction and height within a 2.5?radius away from its center. Moreover, its growth is found to be quite sensitive to the cloud phases and particle sizes. In the mature stage when the TPV is coupled with an SWV, an increase of small ice crystal particles and appearance of ring-and U/V-shaped cold cloud-top structures can be seen as the signature of a stronger convection and rainfall enhancement within the TPV. A tropopause folding caused by ageostrophic flows at the upper level may be a key factor in the formation of ring-shaped and U/V-shaped cloud-top structures. Based on these results, we believe that the supplementary quantitative information of an east-moving TPV cloud top collected by multi-spectral satellite observations could help to improve Southwest China short-rangeowcasting weather forecasts.
基金This work is financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50474022).
摘要The properties of rare earth partitioning in Chinese industrial rare earth ores were analyzed. Rare earth ores can be divided into the single-mineral type ore with bastnaesite, the multi-mineral type ore with bastnaesite and monazite, and the weathering crust type. Both the Bayan Obo rate earth ore and the Zhushan rate earth ore are a kind of mixed ore, consisting of basmaesite and monazite. Their rate earth partifionings are strongly enriched in light rate earths, where CeO2 is 50% and the light rate earth partitioning is totally over 95%. The Mianning rate earth ore as well as the Weishan rate earth is a kind of rate earth ore only having basmaesite. Their rare earth partitionings are also strongly enriched in light rate earths, in which CeO2 is 47% and the light rare earth partitioning is totally over 94%. For the weathering crust type rate earth ore, there are the Longnan rare earth ore, the Xunwu rare earth ore, and the middle yttrium and rich europium ore. In the Longnan rate earth ore, which is strongly enriched in heavy rate earths, Y2O3 is 64.83%, and the heavy and light rate earth partitionings are 89.40% and 10.53%, respectively. In the Xunwu rate earth ore, which is strongly enriched in light rate earths, CeO2 is 47.16%, and the light rate earth partitioning is totally 93.25%. Y and Eu are enriched in the middle yttrium and rich europium ore. Its middle rare earth partitioning is totally over 10%, and Eu2O3 and Y2O3 are over 0.5% and 20%, respectively, which are mainly industrial resources of the middle and the heavy rare earths.