T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia(T-ALL),with few targeted therapies in the clinic,is the most problematic blood cancer.Here,we report an immuno-nanoinhibitor(i NAHI)that selectively delivers volasertib,an inhibitor...T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia(T-ALL),with few targeted therapies in the clinic,is the most problematic blood cancer.Here,we report an immuno-nanoinhibitor(i NAHI)that selectively delivers volasertib,an inhibitor of polo-like kinase 1(PLK1),to T-ALL cells for high-efficacy molecular targeted therapy.The i NAHI,with an average of 3.5 daratumumab antibodies per nanoparticle,possessed a high inhibitor-to-antibody ratio of ca.600,enabling effective delivery of volasertib at a low antibody dosage.As a result,i NAHI significantly boosts PLK1 downregulation,cell cycle blockade and apoptosis in CD38-positive T-ALL cells compared with free volasertib and nontargeted nanoinhibitor.Therapeutic studies in mice with orthotopic CCRF-CEM T-ALL revealed potent suppression of leukemia burden and extramedullary invasion at a low i NAHI dose of 9 mg volasertib equiv./kg,leading to significant survival benefits with negligible adverse effects.This immunonanoinhibitor provides a promising targeted treatment strategy for T-ALL.展开更多
Acute leukemia remains a life-threatening hematologic malignancy with historically poor outcomes in relapsedefractory and elderly patients.Over the past decade,measurable residual disease(MRD)has evolved from a progno...Acute leukemia remains a life-threatening hematologic malignancy with historically poor outcomes in relapsedefractory and elderly patients.Over the past decade,measurable residual disease(MRD)has evolved from a prognostic indicator to a core determinant of risk stratification and clinical decision-making,driving a paradigm shift toward precision medicine.Technological innovations—including leukemia stem cell(LSC)-directed MRD detection,single-cell sequencing,and personalized digital polymerase chain reaction(PCR)—have markedly improved the sensitivity and specificity of MRD monitoring,enabling the early identification of patients at ultrahigh risk of relapse.Concurrently,targeted therapy has moved from salvage to frontline standard care;the use of FLT3,IDH1/2,and BCR-ABL1 inhibitors combined with chemotherapy or immunotherapy has significantly prolonged remission,improved MRD negativity rates,and redefined prognostic stratification.Novel cellular therapies,particularly CD19/CD22-targeted chimeric antigen receptor T(CAR-T)and bispecific T-cell engagers,have revolutionized the treatment of relapsedefractory B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia,and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(allo-HSCT),optimized by the“Beijing Protocol”for haploidentical donors,remains the cornerstone of curative intent.Low-toxicity regimens,such as venetoclax plus hypomethylating agents,have transformed care for elderly or unfit patients,shifting goals from palliation to long-term survival.Despite these advances,challenges,including antigen escape,CAR-T-cell persistence,graft-versus-host disease,and treatment accessibility,persist.This commentary summarizes landmark progress in MRD-guided precision stratification,targeted therapy,cellular immunotherapy,and allo-HSCT;discusses unresolved clinical bottlenecks;and proposes future directions centered on dynamic MRD monitoring,personalized targeted-immunotherapy combinations,and risk-adapted transplantation strategies to further improve cure rates and long-term survival across all acute leukemia subtypes.展开更多
目的:探讨非对称采集与迭代最小二乘估算法迭代水脂分离方法(axial iterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetrical and least-squares estimation quantitation sequence,IDEAL-IQ)联合体素内不相干运动扩散加权成...目的:探讨非对称采集与迭代最小二乘估算法迭代水脂分离方法(axial iterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetrical and least-squares estimation quantitation sequence,IDEAL-IQ)联合体素内不相干运动扩散加权成像(intravoxel incoherent motion,IVIM)定量参数评价急性B淋巴母细胞白血病(acute B lymphoblastic leukemia,B-ALL)儿童危险度分层及对早期化疗反应的预测价值。方法:收集B-ALL患儿84例,根据WHO危险程度分级将患儿分为低危5例,中危61例,高危18例。79例患儿接受了化疗治疗,并于化疗前及诱导化疗后(化疗第36天)行腰椎IDEAL-IQ及IVIM扫描。根据化疗33 d骨髓微小残留病(minimal residual disease,MRD)将患儿分为临床缓解(clinical remission,CR)组(54例)和非临床缓解(non-clinical remission,N-CR)组(25例)。同时收集患儿年龄、性别、危险度分层、外周血白细胞计数(white blood cell count,WBC)、骨髓原幼淋巴细胞百分比、乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase,LDH)、是否合并中枢神经系统白血病(central nervous system leukemia,CNSL)等临床资料。结果:定量参数评价B-ALL患儿危险度分层方面,高危组患儿腰椎椎体f值明显高于中低危组(P<0.001);将外周血WBC及腰椎椎体f值作为自变量,临床危险度作为应变量进行Logistic回归分析,结果显示f值是评价高危B-ALL患儿的独立因素(ORf=48 082.101,P<0.001)。在评价早期化疗反应方面,与N-CR组相比,CR组患儿化疗后腰椎椎体质子密度脂肪分数(proton density fat fraction,PDFF)及有效横向弛豫率(effective transverse relaxivity rate,R2*)显著增高(P=0.005、P=0.008)。化疗前危险度分层、化疗前纯扩散系数(pure diffusion coefficient,D)及伪扩散系数(pseudo diffusion coefficient,D*)值在CR与N-CR组间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001、P=0.024、P=0.030)。化疗后PDFF、化疗前D值及化疗前D*值是N-CR的独立危险因素,化疗前D+D*值预测N-CR的价值,曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)0.817,略高于化疗后PDFF(AUC=0.807)。结论:腰椎椎体f值可用于预测B-ALL患儿的临床危险度分层,化疗前D+D*值对B-ALL患儿早期化疗反应具有显著预测价值。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52273251,52473264)the National Talent Supporting Program(Grant No.ZXP2025062)。
摘要T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia(T-ALL),with few targeted therapies in the clinic,is the most problematic blood cancer.Here,we report an immuno-nanoinhibitor(i NAHI)that selectively delivers volasertib,an inhibitor of polo-like kinase 1(PLK1),to T-ALL cells for high-efficacy molecular targeted therapy.The i NAHI,with an average of 3.5 daratumumab antibodies per nanoparticle,possessed a high inhibitor-to-antibody ratio of ca.600,enabling effective delivery of volasertib at a low antibody dosage.As a result,i NAHI significantly boosts PLK1 downregulation,cell cycle blockade and apoptosis in CD38-positive T-ALL cells compared with free volasertib and nontargeted nanoinhibitor.Therapeutic studies in mice with orthotopic CCRF-CEM T-ALL revealed potent suppression of leukemia burden and extramedullary invasion at a low i NAHI dose of 9 mg volasertib equiv./kg,leading to significant survival benefits with negligible adverse effects.This immunonanoinhibitor provides a promising targeted treatment strategy for T-ALL.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFA1103300)Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82530009)+3 种基金Major Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82293630)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82570262)the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing(No.Z230016)Talent development plan for the future in Medical-Engineering Integration by BRA-CDCHE and ZTA(No.MBRC0012025035)。
摘要Acute leukemia remains a life-threatening hematologic malignancy with historically poor outcomes in relapsedefractory and elderly patients.Over the past decade,measurable residual disease(MRD)has evolved from a prognostic indicator to a core determinant of risk stratification and clinical decision-making,driving a paradigm shift toward precision medicine.Technological innovations—including leukemia stem cell(LSC)-directed MRD detection,single-cell sequencing,and personalized digital polymerase chain reaction(PCR)—have markedly improved the sensitivity and specificity of MRD monitoring,enabling the early identification of patients at ultrahigh risk of relapse.Concurrently,targeted therapy has moved from salvage to frontline standard care;the use of FLT3,IDH1/2,and BCR-ABL1 inhibitors combined with chemotherapy or immunotherapy has significantly prolonged remission,improved MRD negativity rates,and redefined prognostic stratification.Novel cellular therapies,particularly CD19/CD22-targeted chimeric antigen receptor T(CAR-T)and bispecific T-cell engagers,have revolutionized the treatment of relapsedefractory B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia,and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(allo-HSCT),optimized by the“Beijing Protocol”for haploidentical donors,remains the cornerstone of curative intent.Low-toxicity regimens,such as venetoclax plus hypomethylating agents,have transformed care for elderly or unfit patients,shifting goals from palliation to long-term survival.Despite these advances,challenges,including antigen escape,CAR-T-cell persistence,graft-versus-host disease,and treatment accessibility,persist.This commentary summarizes landmark progress in MRD-guided precision stratification,targeted therapy,cellular immunotherapy,and allo-HSCT;discusses unresolved clinical bottlenecks;and proposes future directions centered on dynamic MRD monitoring,personalized targeted-immunotherapy combinations,and risk-adapted transplantation strategies to further improve cure rates and long-term survival across all acute leukemia subtypes.
摘要目的:探讨非对称采集与迭代最小二乘估算法迭代水脂分离方法(axial iterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetrical and least-squares estimation quantitation sequence,IDEAL-IQ)联合体素内不相干运动扩散加权成像(intravoxel incoherent motion,IVIM)定量参数评价急性B淋巴母细胞白血病(acute B lymphoblastic leukemia,B-ALL)儿童危险度分层及对早期化疗反应的预测价值。方法:收集B-ALL患儿84例,根据WHO危险程度分级将患儿分为低危5例,中危61例,高危18例。79例患儿接受了化疗治疗,并于化疗前及诱导化疗后(化疗第36天)行腰椎IDEAL-IQ及IVIM扫描。根据化疗33 d骨髓微小残留病(minimal residual disease,MRD)将患儿分为临床缓解(clinical remission,CR)组(54例)和非临床缓解(non-clinical remission,N-CR)组(25例)。同时收集患儿年龄、性别、危险度分层、外周血白细胞计数(white blood cell count,WBC)、骨髓原幼淋巴细胞百分比、乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase,LDH)、是否合并中枢神经系统白血病(central nervous system leukemia,CNSL)等临床资料。结果:定量参数评价B-ALL患儿危险度分层方面,高危组患儿腰椎椎体f值明显高于中低危组(P<0.001);将外周血WBC及腰椎椎体f值作为自变量,临床危险度作为应变量进行Logistic回归分析,结果显示f值是评价高危B-ALL患儿的独立因素(ORf=48 082.101,P<0.001)。在评价早期化疗反应方面,与N-CR组相比,CR组患儿化疗后腰椎椎体质子密度脂肪分数(proton density fat fraction,PDFF)及有效横向弛豫率(effective transverse relaxivity rate,R2*)显著增高(P=0.005、P=0.008)。化疗前危险度分层、化疗前纯扩散系数(pure diffusion coefficient,D)及伪扩散系数(pseudo diffusion coefficient,D*)值在CR与N-CR组间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001、P=0.024、P=0.030)。化疗后PDFF、化疗前D值及化疗前D*值是N-CR的独立危险因素,化疗前D+D*值预测N-CR的价值,曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)0.817,略高于化疗后PDFF(AUC=0.807)。结论:腰椎椎体f值可用于预测B-ALL患儿的临床危险度分层,化疗前D+D*值对B-ALL患儿早期化疗反应具有显著预测价值。