Unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)are also increasingly becoming more often in the transportation infrastructure of smart cities,so that they can successfully achieve real-time observation of traffic,emergency coordinatio...Unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)are also increasingly becoming more often in the transportation infrastructure of smart cities,so that they can successfully achieve real-time observation of traffic,emergency coordination,and two-way communication relaying.However,the security and privacy risks arising in open,highly mobile intelligent transportation systems(ITS)enabled by UAVs are critical,as they pose threats of impersonation,replay,Sybil,and tracking attacks.Secondly,standard static authentication mechanisms are unable to support dynamic risk environments and excessive resource consumption on UAV platforms with limited capacity.To address these challenges,this study introduces a Generative-AI-assisted Risk-Adaptive Authentication(GRAA)system that modulates the intensity of the authentication process based on risk levels identified by mobility,contextual awareness,and the environment.The framework contains unlinkable pseudonymous credentials and,unlike the accumulator-based revocation scheme and AI-based trust evaluation,it is impossible to correlate sessions.The coherence with the majority of attacks is demonstrated under the formal analysis model,which is also based on the real-or-random(ROR)session key,alongside the justifications of forward secrecy and unlinkability.The performance analysis shows that GRAA can achieve up to 87.9%reduction in computation cost and 56.7%reduction in communication overhead compared to pairing-and-group signature schemes,while lowering the latency and energy consumption of the UAVs in a congested urban setting.Generally,the suggested architecture provides a scalable,convenient,and privacy-friendly authentication system for next-generation smart transportation systems that use UAVs.展开更多
With the increasing complexity of substation inspection tasks,achieving efficient and safe path planning for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in densely populated and structurally complex three-dimensional(3D)environments rem...With the increasing complexity of substation inspection tasks,achieving efficient and safe path planning for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in densely populated and structurally complex three-dimensional(3D)environments remains a critical challenge.To address this problem,this paper proposes an improved path planning algorithm—Random Geometric Graph(RGG)-guided Rapidly-exploring Random Tree(R-RRT)—based on the classical Rapidly-exploring Random Tree(RRT)framework.First,a refined 3D occupancy grid map is constructed from Light Detection and Ranging point cloud data through ground filtering,noise removal,coordinate transformation,and obstacle inflation using spherical structuring elements.During the planning stage,a dynamic goal-biasing strategy is introduced to adaptively adjust the sampling direction,the sampling distribution is optimized using a pre-generated RGG,and collision detection is accelerated via a K-Dimensional Tree structure.After initial trajectory generation,redundant nodes are eliminated via greedy pruning,and a curvature-minimizing gradient-based optimizationmethod is applied to smooth the trajectory.Experimental results conducted in a simulated substation environment demonstrate that,compared with mainstream path planning algorithms,the proposed R-RRT achieves superior performance in terms of path length,planning time,and trajectory smoothness.Comprehensive analysis shows that the proposed method significantly enhances trajectory quality,planning efficiency,and operational safety,validating its applicability and advantages for high-precision 3D path planning in complex substation inspection scenarios.展开更多
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)image object detection has been widely applied in many fields.However,compared with ordinary natural images,UAV images often exhibit complex backgrounds,a predominance of small objects,and ...Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)image object detection has been widely applied in many fields.However,compared with ordinary natural images,UAV images often exhibit complex backgrounds,a predominance of small objects,and significant variations in target scales,which cause traditional detection algorithms to easily suffer from missed or false detections with insufficient accuracy.To address these issues,this paper proposes a novel UAV image object detection algorithm named DMA-YOLO based on the YOLOv8s model,incorporating a deep diverse branch block and multi-scale auxiliary feature.First,a DF-C2f module integrating a deep diverse branch block and an adaptive fine-grained attention mechanism is designed to enhance small object detailed feature extraction.Second,a multi-scale auxiliary feature pyramid network(MAFPN)reconstructs the neck structure to strengthen multi-scale feature fusion and interaction,mitigating the impact of target scale variations.Finally,a dynamic detection head(DyHead)optimizes detection performance and model robustness,and the EIoU loss replaces the original CIoU to enhance bounding box regression accuracy and stability.Ablation experiments on the public VisDrone2019 dataset show that DMA-YOLO achieves a 3.7%increase in mAP50 and 2.8%in mAP50:95 compared with the baseline,with negligible changes in parameter counts and computational complexity.Comparative experiments with mainstream detection models and UAV-specific state-of-the-art algorithms confirm DMA-YOLO’s superior detection accuracy.Further experiments on the RSOD dataset validate its generalization capability and stability across diverse data distributions,highlighting its applicability in complex UAV object detection scenarios.展开更多
基金supported by the Ministry of Trade,Industry and Energy and implemented by the Korea Institute forAdvancement of Technology.The project includes(Development of an International Standardization and Sustainability Integration Framework for AI Industry Internalization and Global Competitiveness Enhancement(RS-2025-07372968)).
摘要Unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)are also increasingly becoming more often in the transportation infrastructure of smart cities,so that they can successfully achieve real-time observation of traffic,emergency coordination,and two-way communication relaying.However,the security and privacy risks arising in open,highly mobile intelligent transportation systems(ITS)enabled by UAVs are critical,as they pose threats of impersonation,replay,Sybil,and tracking attacks.Secondly,standard static authentication mechanisms are unable to support dynamic risk environments and excessive resource consumption on UAV platforms with limited capacity.To address these challenges,this study introduces a Generative-AI-assisted Risk-Adaptive Authentication(GRAA)system that modulates the intensity of the authentication process based on risk levels identified by mobility,contextual awareness,and the environment.The framework contains unlinkable pseudonymous credentials and,unlike the accumulator-based revocation scheme and AI-based trust evaluation,it is impossible to correlate sessions.The coherence with the majority of attacks is demonstrated under the formal analysis model,which is also based on the real-or-random(ROR)session key,alongside the justifications of forward secrecy and unlinkability.The performance analysis shows that GRAA can achieve up to 87.9%reduction in computation cost and 56.7%reduction in communication overhead compared to pairing-and-group signature schemes,while lowering the latency and energy consumption of the UAVs in a congested urban setting.Generally,the suggested architecture provides a scalable,convenient,and privacy-friendly authentication system for next-generation smart transportation systems that use UAVs.
基金Funding for this research was provided by the Program for Scientific Research Innovation Team in Colleges and Universities of Anhui Province(No.2022AH010095)the Hefei Key Technology R&D“Champion-Based Selection”Project(No.2023SGJ011).
摘要With the increasing complexity of substation inspection tasks,achieving efficient and safe path planning for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in densely populated and structurally complex three-dimensional(3D)environments remains a critical challenge.To address this problem,this paper proposes an improved path planning algorithm—Random Geometric Graph(RGG)-guided Rapidly-exploring Random Tree(R-RRT)—based on the classical Rapidly-exploring Random Tree(RRT)framework.First,a refined 3D occupancy grid map is constructed from Light Detection and Ranging point cloud data through ground filtering,noise removal,coordinate transformation,and obstacle inflation using spherical structuring elements.During the planning stage,a dynamic goal-biasing strategy is introduced to adaptively adjust the sampling direction,the sampling distribution is optimized using a pre-generated RGG,and collision detection is accelerated via a K-Dimensional Tree structure.After initial trajectory generation,redundant nodes are eliminated via greedy pruning,and a curvature-minimizing gradient-based optimizationmethod is applied to smooth the trajectory.Experimental results conducted in a simulated substation environment demonstrate that,compared with mainstream path planning algorithms,the proposed R-RRT achieves superior performance in terms of path length,planning time,and trajectory smoothness.Comprehensive analysis shows that the proposed method significantly enhances trajectory quality,planning efficiency,and operational safety,validating its applicability and advantages for high-precision 3D path planning in complex substation inspection scenarios.
基金supported in part by the Jiangxi Provincial Department of Water Resources Science&Technology Program Foundation(Grant Nos.202325ZDKT17,202426ZDKT13).
摘要Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)image object detection has been widely applied in many fields.However,compared with ordinary natural images,UAV images often exhibit complex backgrounds,a predominance of small objects,and significant variations in target scales,which cause traditional detection algorithms to easily suffer from missed or false detections with insufficient accuracy.To address these issues,this paper proposes a novel UAV image object detection algorithm named DMA-YOLO based on the YOLOv8s model,incorporating a deep diverse branch block and multi-scale auxiliary feature.First,a DF-C2f module integrating a deep diverse branch block and an adaptive fine-grained attention mechanism is designed to enhance small object detailed feature extraction.Second,a multi-scale auxiliary feature pyramid network(MAFPN)reconstructs the neck structure to strengthen multi-scale feature fusion and interaction,mitigating the impact of target scale variations.Finally,a dynamic detection head(DyHead)optimizes detection performance and model robustness,and the EIoU loss replaces the original CIoU to enhance bounding box regression accuracy and stability.Ablation experiments on the public VisDrone2019 dataset show that DMA-YOLO achieves a 3.7%increase in mAP50 and 2.8%in mAP50:95 compared with the baseline,with negligible changes in parameter counts and computational complexity.Comparative experiments with mainstream detection models and UAV-specific state-of-the-art algorithms confirm DMA-YOLO’s superior detection accuracy.Further experiments on the RSOD dataset validate its generalization capability and stability across diverse data distributions,highlighting its applicability in complex UAV object detection scenarios.