This study addresses the limitation of traditional kiln roofs,which are typically designed for specific kilns,by developing a movable roof compatible with most ceramic kilns.It also incorporates a 5G private network c...This study addresses the limitation of traditional kiln roofs,which are typically designed for specific kilns,by developing a movable roof compatible with most ceramic kilns.It also incorporates a 5G private network communication framework for data transmission,optimizes cloud server communication protocols,and enables remote,lowlatency batch control of the roof within enterprise campuses.The system consists of the kiln roof,a temperature controller,a data transfer unit(DTU),and a cloud server.It allows for setting temperature thresholds to automatically raise or lower the roof,as well as realtime temperature monitoring via DTU for remote manual control.The cloud server records historical data on roof operations and corresponding temperatures.Experimental results demonstrate that the movable kiln roof effectively achieves its intended objectives,reducing kiln manufacturing costs,minimizing labor requirements,and enhancing the intelligent operation of ceramic kilns.展开更多
The 5G-R network is on the verge of entering the construction stage.Given that the dedicated network for railways is closely linked to train operation safety,there are extremely high requirements for network security....The 5G-R network is on the verge of entering the construction stage.Given that the dedicated network for railways is closely linked to train operation safety,there are extremely high requirements for network security.As a result,there is an urgent need to conduct research on 5G-R network security.To comprehensively enhance the end-to-end security protection of the 5G-R network,this study summarized the security requirements of the GSM-R network,analyzed the security risks and requirements faced by the 5G-R network,and proposed an overall 5G-R network security architecture.The security technical schemes were detailed from various aspects:5G-R infrastructure security,terminal access security,networking security,operation and maintenance security,data security,and network boundary security.Additionally,the study proposed leveraging the 5G-R security situation awareness system to achieve a comprehensive upgrade from basic security technologies to endogenous security capabilities within the 5G-R system.展开更多
In this paper,we investigate and analyze the network security risks faced by 5G private industrial networks.Based on current network security architecture and 3GPP requirements and considering the actual application o...In this paper,we investigate and analyze the network security risks faced by 5G private industrial networks.Based on current network security architecture and 3GPP requirements and considering the actual application of 5G private industrial networks,a comparative analysis is used to plan and design a private network security construction scheme.The network security construction model,network organization,and key processes of 5G private industrial networks at the current stage are investigated.In addition,the key direction for the next stage of construction is discussed.展开更多
This paper studies and analyzes the rigorous requirements of railway 5G private network core network(5GC)equipment based on network function virtualization(NFV)technology in terms of reliability,security,latency and o...This paper studies and analyzes the rigorous requirements of railway 5G private network core network(5GC)equipment based on network function virtualization(NFV)technology in terms of reliability,security,latency and other aspects of communication cloud,compares cloud platform schemes with different decoupling modes,and proposes that railway 5GC should be implemented by software and hardware integration scheme or software and hardware two-layer decoupling scheme.At the same time,the redundancy and disaster recovery schemes and measures that can be taken by 5GC based on cloud platform are proposed.Finally,taking the products of ZTE Corporation as an example,the implementation architecture of railway 5GC cloud platform in 1+1 redundancy mode is given.It serves as a reference for the engineering construction of 5G-R core network.展开更多
The Fifth Generation of Mobile Communications for Railways(5G-R)brings significant opportunities for the rail industry.However,alongside the potential and benefits of the railway 5G network are complex security challe...The Fifth Generation of Mobile Communications for Railways(5G-R)brings significant opportunities for the rail industry.However,alongside the potential and benefits of the railway 5G network are complex security challenges.Ensuring the security and reliability of railway 5G networks is therefore essential.This paper presents a detailed examination of security assessment techniques for railway 5G networks,focusing on addressing the unique security challenges in this field.In this paper,various security requirements in railway 5G networks are analyzed,and specific processes and methods for conducting comprehensive security risk assessments are presented.This study provides a framework for securing railway 5G network development and ensuring its long-term sustainability.展开更多
5G-R is the main type of next-generation mobile communication system for railways,offering highly reliable broadband data transmission services for intelligent railway operations.In the light of meeting the bearing de...5G-R is the main type of next-generation mobile communication system for railways,offering highly reliable broadband data transmission services for intelligent railway operations.In the light of meeting the bearing demands of the 5G-R network,a comprehensive data transmission platform is proposed.This platform enables unified accession for various data service systems and applies Software Defined Network(SDN)technology for dynamic routing selection and high-effective data forwarding.Based on shared key lightweight access authentication technology,two-way identity authentication is performed for mobile terminals and network-side devices,ensuring the legitimacy verification of heterogeneous terminals within the application domain.展开更多
The railway 5G-R network is ready for the engineering construction.In order to provide technical reserve for the preliminary engineering stage,it is necessary to study the characteristics of 5G-R network and network p...The railway 5G-R network is ready for the engineering construction.In order to provide technical reserve for the preliminary engineering stage,it is necessary to study the characteristics of 5G-R network and network planning technology in advance.The 5G-R network,different from the operators'5G network,is mainly available for railway staff and covers the railway line.It is upgraded based on the previous generation of railway communication system-GSM-R technology.By comprehensively summarizing and reviewing the characteristics of 5G-R system architecture,network coverage,networking technology,business characteristics,equipment redundancy,network performance,etc.,we study the network planning technology with 5G-R characteristics based on the above characteristics,including frequency,coverage,capacity,parameters,indoor distribution,switching and other key technologies.On this basis,this paper puts forward 5G-R network planning suggestion,which can provide technical support for subsequent project deployment.展开更多
This paper analyzes the communication business needs and application characteristics based on China's railway operation scenarios.Focusing on the specific needs of railways,the 5G-Railway(5G-R)system adds railway-...This paper analyzes the communication business needs and application characteristics based on China's railway operation scenarios.Focusing on the specific needs of railways,the 5G-Railway(5G-R)system adds railway-specific functional network elements on the basis of general architecture.In terms of system networking,it focuses on the innovative key technologies of 5G-R core network and wireless network networking to adapt to the railway management mechanism and reliability requirements.It analyzes the technical optimization and innovation of 5G-R railway common equipment in terms of redundancy mode,function sinking,fault detection and reversal mechanism,etc.;5G-R wireless network adopts the same-site equipment redundancy mode,and the paper analyzes the technological innovation of RRU redundancy,BBU redundancy and PCI planning,etc.;it also highlights the benefits of the train-ground integrated transmission system,including reduced roof antennas,decoupling of services and communication,unified spatial and temporal benchmarks,and cost savings.展开更多
As the railway sector intensifies its efforts in the technology research,system R&D and technology application of 5G-R,the paper conducts a preliminary study on its application frequency in terms of its frequency ...As the railway sector intensifies its efforts in the technology research,system R&D and technology application of 5G-R,the paper conducts a preliminary study on its application frequency in terms of its frequency propagation,network carrying capacity,its ability to work as industrial pillar,system applicability,and the compatibility of 5G-R with other systems.In line with China's GSM-R application practice and the application needs,the paper focuses on the study of key technologies such as model alignment of base station equipment,and optimization of 5G-R terminal and core network,identifying the priorities for the China's efforts to develop 5G-R and providing references for the research and application of related technologies.展开更多
An inevitable trend has already taken shape for the application of the 5th Generation Mobile Communication Technology(5G)in the railway sector.The application scenarios and business types of the railway sector are com...An inevitable trend has already taken shape for the application of the 5th Generation Mobile Communication Technology(5G)in the railway sector.The application scenarios and business types of the railway sector are complex and diverse,so it is indispensable to test and verify the railway 5G before actual deployment.The design and creation of the railway 5G integrated innovation test platform provides engineering design,test and verification conditions for the networking,coverage and business development of 5G public networks and 5G-R in railway scenarios.This paper introduces the design of the overall architecture for the integrated railway 5G innovation test platform according to the railway network requirements,application scenarios and intelligent development trend;respectively elaborates on the design of the 5G-R core network,bearer network and wireless access along loop tracks,in combination with the characteristics of railway scenarios and the requirements of railway dispatching,operation and safety;raises further solutions on the network deployment and coverage schemes of 5G public networks so as to meet the application requirements of 5G public networks.The study results show that the integrated railway 5G innovation test platform scheme contains co-existence of 5G public and private networks,combines the indoor and outdoor scenarios,as well as takes into account of the dynamic and static tests so as to meet the environmental requirements for the integrated railway 5G test and application of all network functions,for which it can provide comprehensive technical support for railway 5G technology research and development,standard formulation,testing,etc.展开更多
The paper summarizes the development of mobile communication of domestic and foreign railways,and proposes the priorities for tackling key technological problems of railway 5G private network according to the technica...The paper summarizes the development of mobile communication of domestic and foreign railways,and proposes the priorities for tackling key technological problems of railway 5G private network according to the technical routes of railway next-generation mobile communication determined by China State Railway Group Co.,Ltd.From the aspects of work objectives,principles,technical routes and innovative working methods,the paper elaborates the ideas of railway 5G scientific and technological research,puts forward the contents and plans of scientific and technological research on railway 5G private network,systematically organizes the achievements in the scientific and technological research stage of railway 5G private network,and sets forth the key contents of next-step scientific and technological research.展开更多
Power consumption of the 5th generation mobile communication technology(5G)mobile networks has become a critical issue due to high power consumption and dense deployment of base stations(BSs).This problem is even more...Power consumption of the 5th generation mobile communication technology(5G)mobile networks has become a critical issue due to high power consumption and dense deployment of base stations(BSs).This problem is even more pronounced in railway scenarios,where traffic patterns exhibit strong burstiness and BSs face prolonged idle periods along the railway.Despite this,there is currently no effective and comprehensive solution that integrates multiple energy-saving strategies.Therefore,it is essential to design specific energy-saving schemes applied to the railway scenarios.This paper proposes a joint multivariate energy-saving approach with multiple time granularities for the private 5G networks for railways(5G-R).Specifically,it formulates an energy minimization problem involving the joint optimization of BS sleeping,remote radio unit(RRU)sleeping,antenna selection,and symbol shutdown under quality of service(QoS)constraints according to the railway traffic.Given that the response cycle of each strategy differs,a hierarchical energy-saving optimization scheme with multiple time granularities is employed.Additionally,a heuristic approach based on genetic algorithm(GA)is proposed to successively solve the energy minimization problem at each time granularity.Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme significantly reduces power consumption in 5G-R systems,achieving up to 50.4%energy savings while meeting network traffic demands.展开更多
A multi-homed VPN architecture based on extended SOCKSv5 and TLS was proposed. The architecture employs a dynamic connection mechanism for multiple proxies in the end system,i n which the security-demanded transmissio...A multi-homed VPN architecture based on extended SOCKSv5 and TLS was proposed. The architecture employs a dynamic connection mechanism for multiple proxies in the end system,i n which the security-demanded transmission connections can switch smoothly among the multiple proxies by maint aining a coherent connection context.The mechanism is transparent to application programs and can support th e building of VPN.With the cooperation of some other security components,the mechanism guarantees the reso urce availability and reliability of the end system against some attacks to the specific ports or hosts.展开更多
基金supported by Ganpo Talent Support Program(20232BCJ23106)。
摘要This study addresses the limitation of traditional kiln roofs,which are typically designed for specific kilns,by developing a movable roof compatible with most ceramic kilns.It also incorporates a 5G private network communication framework for data transmission,optimizes cloud server communication protocols,and enables remote,lowlatency batch control of the roof within enterprise campuses.The system consists of the kiln roof,a temperature controller,a data transfer unit(DTU),and a cloud server.It allows for setting temperature thresholds to automatically raise or lower the roof,as well as realtime temperature monitoring via DTU for remote manual control.The cloud server records historical data on roof operations and corresponding temperatures.Experimental results demonstrate that the movable kiln roof effectively achieves its intended objectives,reducing kiln manufacturing costs,minimizing labor requirements,and enhancing the intelligent operation of ceramic kilns.
摘要The 5G-R network is on the verge of entering the construction stage.Given that the dedicated network for railways is closely linked to train operation safety,there are extremely high requirements for network security.As a result,there is an urgent need to conduct research on 5G-R network security.To comprehensively enhance the end-to-end security protection of the 5G-R network,this study summarized the security requirements of the GSM-R network,analyzed the security risks and requirements faced by the 5G-R network,and proposed an overall 5G-R network security architecture.The security technical schemes were detailed from various aspects:5G-R infrastructure security,terminal access security,networking security,operation and maintenance security,data security,and network boundary security.Additionally,the study proposed leveraging the 5G-R security situation awareness system to achieve a comprehensive upgrade from basic security technologies to endogenous security capabilities within the 5G-R system.
摘要In this paper,we investigate and analyze the network security risks faced by 5G private industrial networks.Based on current network security architecture and 3GPP requirements and considering the actual application of 5G private industrial networks,a comparative analysis is used to plan and design a private network security construction scheme.The network security construction model,network organization,and key processes of 5G private industrial networks at the current stage are investigated.In addition,the key direction for the next stage of construction is discussed.
摘要This paper studies and analyzes the rigorous requirements of railway 5G private network core network(5GC)equipment based on network function virtualization(NFV)technology in terms of reliability,security,latency and other aspects of communication cloud,compares cloud platform schemes with different decoupling modes,and proposes that railway 5GC should be implemented by software and hardware integration scheme or software and hardware two-layer decoupling scheme.At the same time,the redundancy and disaster recovery schemes and measures that can be taken by 5GC based on cloud platform are proposed.Finally,taking the products of ZTE Corporation as an example,the implementation architecture of railway 5GC cloud platform in 1+1 redundancy mode is given.It serves as a reference for the engineering construction of 5G-R core network.
基金supported in part by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under Grant No.2025JBXT010in part by NSFC under Grant No.62171021,in part by the Project of China State Railway Group under Grant No.N2024B004in part by ZTE IndustryUniversityInstitute Cooperation Funds under Grant No.l23L00010.
摘要The Fifth Generation of Mobile Communications for Railways(5G-R)brings significant opportunities for the rail industry.However,alongside the potential and benefits of the railway 5G network are complex security challenges.Ensuring the security and reliability of railway 5G networks is therefore essential.This paper presents a detailed examination of security assessment techniques for railway 5G networks,focusing on addressing the unique security challenges in this field.In this paper,various security requirements in railway 5G networks are analyzed,and specific processes and methods for conducting comprehensive security risk assessments are presented.This study provides a framework for securing railway 5G network development and ensuring its long-term sustainability.
摘要5G-R is the main type of next-generation mobile communication system for railways,offering highly reliable broadband data transmission services for intelligent railway operations.In the light of meeting the bearing demands of the 5G-R network,a comprehensive data transmission platform is proposed.This platform enables unified accession for various data service systems and applies Software Defined Network(SDN)technology for dynamic routing selection and high-effective data forwarding.Based on shared key lightweight access authentication technology,two-way identity authentication is performed for mobile terminals and network-side devices,ensuring the legitimacy verification of heterogeneous terminals within the application domain.
摘要The railway 5G-R network is ready for the engineering construction.In order to provide technical reserve for the preliminary engineering stage,it is necessary to study the characteristics of 5G-R network and network planning technology in advance.The 5G-R network,different from the operators'5G network,is mainly available for railway staff and covers the railway line.It is upgraded based on the previous generation of railway communication system-GSM-R technology.By comprehensively summarizing and reviewing the characteristics of 5G-R system architecture,network coverage,networking technology,business characteristics,equipment redundancy,network performance,etc.,we study the network planning technology with 5G-R characteristics based on the above characteristics,including frequency,coverage,capacity,parameters,indoor distribution,switching and other key technologies.On this basis,this paper puts forward 5G-R network planning suggestion,which can provide technical support for subsequent project deployment.
摘要This paper analyzes the communication business needs and application characteristics based on China's railway operation scenarios.Focusing on the specific needs of railways,the 5G-Railway(5G-R)system adds railway-specific functional network elements on the basis of general architecture.In terms of system networking,it focuses on the innovative key technologies of 5G-R core network and wireless network networking to adapt to the railway management mechanism and reliability requirements.It analyzes the technical optimization and innovation of 5G-R railway common equipment in terms of redundancy mode,function sinking,fault detection and reversal mechanism,etc.;5G-R wireless network adopts the same-site equipment redundancy mode,and the paper analyzes the technological innovation of RRU redundancy,BBU redundancy and PCI planning,etc.;it also highlights the benefits of the train-ground integrated transmission system,including reduced roof antennas,decoupling of services and communication,unified spatial and temporal benchmarks,and cost savings.
摘要As the railway sector intensifies its efforts in the technology research,system R&D and technology application of 5G-R,the paper conducts a preliminary study on its application frequency in terms of its frequency propagation,network carrying capacity,its ability to work as industrial pillar,system applicability,and the compatibility of 5G-R with other systems.In line with China's GSM-R application practice and the application needs,the paper focuses on the study of key technologies such as model alignment of base station equipment,and optimization of 5G-R terminal and core network,identifying the priorities for the China's efforts to develop 5G-R and providing references for the research and application of related technologies.
摘要An inevitable trend has already taken shape for the application of the 5th Generation Mobile Communication Technology(5G)in the railway sector.The application scenarios and business types of the railway sector are complex and diverse,so it is indispensable to test and verify the railway 5G before actual deployment.The design and creation of the railway 5G integrated innovation test platform provides engineering design,test and verification conditions for the networking,coverage and business development of 5G public networks and 5G-R in railway scenarios.This paper introduces the design of the overall architecture for the integrated railway 5G innovation test platform according to the railway network requirements,application scenarios and intelligent development trend;respectively elaborates on the design of the 5G-R core network,bearer network and wireless access along loop tracks,in combination with the characteristics of railway scenarios and the requirements of railway dispatching,operation and safety;raises further solutions on the network deployment and coverage schemes of 5G public networks so as to meet the application requirements of 5G public networks.The study results show that the integrated railway 5G innovation test platform scheme contains co-existence of 5G public and private networks,combines the indoor and outdoor scenarios,as well as takes into account of the dynamic and static tests so as to meet the environmental requirements for the integrated railway 5G test and application of all network functions,for which it can provide comprehensive technical support for railway 5G technology research and development,standard formulation,testing,etc.
摘要The paper summarizes the development of mobile communication of domestic and foreign railways,and proposes the priorities for tackling key technological problems of railway 5G private network according to the technical routes of railway next-generation mobile communication determined by China State Railway Group Co.,Ltd.From the aspects of work objectives,principles,technical routes and innovative working methods,the paper elaborates the ideas of railway 5G scientific and technological research,puts forward the contents and plans of scientific and technological research on railway 5G private network,systematically organizes the achievements in the scientific and technological research stage of railway 5G private network,and sets forth the key contents of next-step scientific and technological research.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62271065)。
摘要Power consumption of the 5th generation mobile communication technology(5G)mobile networks has become a critical issue due to high power consumption and dense deployment of base stations(BSs).This problem is even more pronounced in railway scenarios,where traffic patterns exhibit strong burstiness and BSs face prolonged idle periods along the railway.Despite this,there is currently no effective and comprehensive solution that integrates multiple energy-saving strategies.Therefore,it is essential to design specific energy-saving schemes applied to the railway scenarios.This paper proposes a joint multivariate energy-saving approach with multiple time granularities for the private 5G networks for railways(5G-R).Specifically,it formulates an energy minimization problem involving the joint optimization of BS sleeping,remote radio unit(RRU)sleeping,antenna selection,and symbol shutdown under quality of service(QoS)constraints according to the railway traffic.Given that the response cycle of each strategy differs,a hierarchical energy-saving optimization scheme with multiple time granularities is employed.Additionally,a heuristic approach based on genetic algorithm(GA)is proposed to successively solve the energy minimization problem at each time granularity.Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme significantly reduces power consumption in 5G-R systems,achieving up to 50.4%energy savings while meeting network traffic demands.
基金National Natural Science Foundation ofChina (No.90104029)
摘要A multi-homed VPN architecture based on extended SOCKSv5 and TLS was proposed. The architecture employs a dynamic connection mechanism for multiple proxies in the end system,i n which the security-demanded transmission connections can switch smoothly among the multiple proxies by maint aining a coherent connection context.The mechanism is transparent to application programs and can support th e building of VPN.With the cooperation of some other security components,the mechanism guarantees the reso urce availability and reliability of the end system against some attacks to the specific ports or hosts.