White Cyphochilus insulanus beetles,exhibiting both environmental camouflage display and radiative cooling functions,serve as a good prototype for biomimetic fabrication.As inspired,this work presents a femtosecond(fs...White Cyphochilus insulanus beetles,exhibiting both environmental camouflage display and radiative cooling functions,serve as a good prototype for biomimetic fabrication.As inspired,this work presents a femtosecond(fs)laser-based biomimetic fabrication strategy that takes full use of the synthesized radiative cooling nanomaterials for a groundbreaking stimuli-responsive infrared(IR)impressionistic camouflage display.The proposed technique is capable of readily transforming various substrates(quartz glass and metals including Ti,Al,Zr,and W)into self-assembled porous networks(aerogels)consisting of oxygen-vacancy-rich oxide nanoparticles.Surprisingly,the emissions of all as-prepared porous particle-networks in the radiative-cooling long-wavelength infrared(LWIR)band are above 95%,with the SiO2 aerogels reaching a maximum of 99.6%.Benefiting from the far-from-equilibrium thermodynamic kinetics,metastable phases of anatase TiO2,tetragonal zirconia(t-ZrO2),and monoclinic WO3(Pc)are synthesizable,opening up opportunities for exploring their optical applications.Taking the low-temperature metastable phase WO3(Pc)as representative for systematic studies,it is found that(1)the ratio WO3(Pc)phase to that of room-temperature phase of WO3(P21)can be tailored by modulation of processing parameters;(2)laser synthesized aerogels with hybrid phases of WO3(Pc)and WO3(P21)have a brighter visible whiteness,higher visibleearinfrared(NIR)spectral selectivity than the natural prototype of white Cyphochilus insulanus beetles but with comparable LWIR emittance.White WO3 aerogel in situ deposited during flexibly fs laser artistic patterning can blur the painting features due to its radiative cooling effect,allowing a colorful impressionistic IR display in the heating mode.What's more,invisible painting features concealed by the white deposited WO3 aerogel are clearly/faintly distinguishable by introducing external stimuli of a human hand and sample heating,respectively,catalyzing progress in optical encryption and selectively stimuli-responsive decryption display in the infrared band.展开更多
In this study,the shell structure of olives in nature was modeled,and a high-porosity bionic olive body-centered cubic structure(BCCO)with reinforcement structures of circular support(BCCR)and triangular support(BCCT)...In this study,the shell structure of olives in nature was modeled,and a high-porosity bionic olive body-centered cubic structure(BCCO)with reinforcement structures of circular support(BCCR)and triangular support(BCCT)with excellent mechanical properties was designed and prepared using selective laser melting technology.The surface morphology,deformation behavior,and energy absorption of BCCO were compared with those of the equivalent uniform body-centered cubic structure(BCC)and analyzed through quasi-static compression experiments and finite element analysis.The olive-shaped structure showed optimal load resistance when the radius of curvature was equal to the edge length of the lattice structure,and outperformed with a larger curvature than with a smaller curvature.With the added support structure,the energy absorption of the BCCR increased by 144.44%compared with that of the conventional BCC structure.The newly designed olive bionic structure has considerable potential for applications in various fields,such as aerospace and medical devices.展开更多
To solve the problem of abnormal abrasion of Cu-Based Friction Materials(CBFMs),Bionic Non-Smooth Surface(BNS)on friction surface of CBFMs was constructed based on bionic principles,and the optimal bionic prototype wa...To solve the problem of abnormal abrasion of Cu-Based Friction Materials(CBFMs),Bionic Non-Smooth Surface(BNS)on friction surface of CBFMs was constructed based on bionic principles,and the optimal bionic prototype was selected by Finite Element Method(FEM).In addition,the bionic parameters were optimized by Response Surface Method(RSM).Samples holding BNS were prepared by Laser Processing,tribological properties were tested by a Friction and Wear Tester and worn surface morphology was characterized by a Scanning Electron Microscope(SEM).The results showed that BNS on friction surface could regulate the stress distribution and alleviate the peak stress.Among all samples,the coupled texture of pit-hexagonal got the minimum peak stress.During braking,bionic texture could also collect wear debris or change the motion forms from sliding to rotation,which can reduce abnormal abrasion.The wear rate was reduced by 19.31%.The results in this paper can provide a new idea for enhancing the tribological properties of CBFMs,and can also lay the foundation for further research of bionic tribology.展开更多
Treating bone defects complicated by bacterial infections remains a significant clinical challenge.Drawing inspiration from the human body's bone repair mechanisms,the use of biomimetic methods to design tissue en...Treating bone defects complicated by bacterial infections remains a significant clinical challenge.Drawing inspiration from the human body's bone repair mechanisms,the use of biomimetic methods to design tissue engineering scaffolds is of great significance for bone repair.This study synthesized copper(Cu)-doped mesoporous silica nanoparticles(Cu@MSN)modified with hydroxyethyl methacrylate to obtain methacrylated Cu@MSN(Cu@MSNMA).Furtheremore,bio-mimetic nanocomposite hydrogels were prepared by adding Cu@MSNMA to a GelMA/gelatin solution.This hydrogel achieves multi-modal bone tissue biomimicry:(ⅰ)GelMA/gelatin mimics the matrix components in bone ECM,ensuring biocompatibility while promoting cellular behavior(such as adhesion,proliferation,and differentiation);(ⅱ)GelMA/gela-tin and the crosslinking sites introduced by Cu@MSNMA form a stable porous network structure,achieving structural and mechanical biomimicry to provide necessary support for bone defects;(ⅲ)The elemental biomimicry of Si and Cu in Cu@MSNMA achieves efficient osteogenic induction.The effect of different proportions of Cu@MSNMA on the physi-cal properties of the composite hydrogels was investigated to determine the optimal proportion.The results indicated that the mechanical properties of hydrogel were enhanced with the increasing Cu@MSNMA mass ratio.Notably,5%NPs/GelMA/gelatin hydrogel exhibited excellent mechanical property compared to the GelMA/gelatin hydrogel.In vitro and vivo cellular experiments demonstrated a significant enhancement in antibacterial and osteogenic induction with Cu@MSNMA addition.In conclusion,the proposed nanocomposite hydrogel with biomimetic components and ion-regulating properties can serve as a multifunctional scaffold,offering antimicrobial properties for infected bone regeneration,and guide for future research in bone regeneration and three-dimensional printing.展开更多
The bubbles formed on the electrodes tend to stick to the reaction area during hydrogen(H2)production,hindering the continuous reaction,which drastically reduces the H2 production efficiency.In this work,a customizabl...The bubbles formed on the electrodes tend to stick to the reaction area during hydrogen(H2)production,hindering the continuous reaction,which drastically reduces the H2 production efficiency.In this work,a customizable multifunctional three-dimensional(3D)electrode with bionic structures is proposed and precisely fabricated by the projection microstereolithography(PμSL)3D printing technique,which facilitates the catalytic reaction and the detachment of H2 bubbles with an asymmetrically wetted bioinspired functional membrane to allow bubbles to pass through based on Janus effects.The 3D bionic functional electrodes exhibit excellent H2 production performance.At the same voltage,the current density of our 3D electrode is 2.5 times greater than that of a two-dimensional(2D)electrode and 8 times greater than that of a one-dimensional(1D)common flat electrode with the same surface area.Moreover,the amount of H2 collected from a 3D bionic functional electrode is 53.9%and 172.1%greater than that collected from 2D and 1D electrodes with the same catalyst size,respectively.Significantly,a 400 cm2 panel reactor system based on biomimetic 3D functional electrodes enables one-week continuous operation with ultra-high safety and durability in H2 production.Coupled with a solar panel,it achieves long-term outdoor H2 production and gas collection.展开更多
The main cable is the primary load-bearing component of a suspension bridge,continuously exposed to harsh environmental conditions,such as wind and rain,throughout the year.These adverse conditions contribute to varyi...The main cable is the primary load-bearing component of a suspension bridge,continuously exposed to harsh environmental conditions,such as wind and rain,throughout the year.These adverse conditions contribute to varying degrees of degradation and damage to the main cable,necessitating regular inspections to prevent catastrophic failures.Traditional manual inspection methods not only suffer from low efficiency but also pose significant safety risks to personnel.To address these challenges and ensure the safe and effective inspection of suspension bridge main cables,this study introduces a novel cooperative climbing robot,designated as Main Cable Robot Version II(CCRobot-M-II),inspired by the locomotion of the inchworm.The robot employs an alternating opening and closing mechanism of four gripper sets,mimicking the inchworm's movement to achieve efficient crawling along the suspension bridge handrails.This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the structural design,key components,and motion mechanisms of CCRobot-M-II.A detailed force analysis of the robot's crawling process is also presented,followed by the design of the control system and the development of an efficient motion control algorithm.Laboratory experiments demonstrate that the robot achieves a positional error of 00.64%during crawling,with a maximum average crawling speed of 7.6 m/min.Furthermore,the biomimetic design enables the robot to overcome obstacles up to 30 mm in height and possess the capability to handle suspension bridge cables with spans ranging from 740 to 1100 mm.Finally,CCRobot-M-II successfully conducted an inspection of the main cable on a suspension bridge,marking the world's first successful deployment of a climbing robot for main cable inspection on a suspension bridge.展开更多
The fouling problem has attracted much attention in many industrial fields and daily life scenes.Traditional antifouling methods have limitations such as environmental pollution,health hazards,and poor durability.Biom...The fouling problem has attracted much attention in many industrial fields and daily life scenes.Traditional antifouling methods have limitations such as environmental pollution,health hazards,and poor durability.Biomimetic surface micro-textured superhydrophobic surface antifouling technology came into being.This technology does not depend on harmful chemicals,but provides innovative solutions for antifouling,self-cleaning and other fields by imitating the special micro-nano structure of biological surface and utilizing its own physical characteristics.Micro-textures inspired by plants and animals,such as lotus leaves,rose petals,shark skin,etc.,can change the wettability of the material surface and reduce the adhesion of dirt.Processing technologies such as laser,wire cutting and template method can be used to construct micro-textures with superhydrophobic properties.These technologies have the advantages of simple process,high processing efficiency and environmental friendliness.Numerous research cases have shown that bionic micro-texture technology has great application potential and value in many fields.In the future,with the continuous advancement and innovation of micro-nano processing technology and the strengthening of interdisciplinary cooperation,bionic microtexture technology is expected to achieve breakthroughs in more fields and provide more innovative ideas and solutions for solving the fouling problem.展开更多
Energy Storage and Return(ESR)prosthetic feet are commonly used by individuals with tibial amputations,but their fixed stiffness cannot accommodate varying walking tasks and user preferences.In contrast,semi-active pr...Energy Storage and Return(ESR)prosthetic feet are commonly used by individuals with tibial amputations,but their fixed stiffness cannot accommodate varying walking tasks and user preferences.In contrast,semi-active prostheses can adjust stiffness through control mechanisms,though their design still leaves room for improvement in biomimetic characteristics,mass,and dynamic response.In this paper,we present a bionic,variable-stiffness,semi-active ankle-foot prosthesis.Stiffness is adjusted before each ground contact by controlling the motor to alter the length of the moment arm from the ankle joint center to the point of force application,with a range of 1.78-7.01 N·m/°.Additionally,the device features a biomimetic footplate design based on the transverse arch of the human foot,which reduces weight(total weight:933 g)while guaranteeing support capacity.The prosthesis can precisely identify the phase for stiffness adjustment and achieve the widest range of adjustment during this phase.A unilateral tibial amputee participated in a preliminary clinical test involving variable-speed walking,stairs,and ramps.Preliminary single-subject data suggest that,compared to the subject's previous fixed-stiffness prosthesis,the newly designed prosthesis increases the range of motion,peak power,and energy storage during level walking,while reducing the adduction moment on the sound limb's knee joint.These findings offer initial support for the prosthesis'potential to improve the biomechanics of walking and other activities,providing insights for the development of biomimetic design.展开更多
Bionic circuits can reproduce the firing activities of excitable biological neurons,which are the potential hardware foundation for artificial intelligent applications.This paper builds a meminductive and memristive e...Bionic circuits can reproduce the firing activities of excitable biological neurons,which are the potential hardware foundation for artificial intelligent applications.This paper builds a meminductive and memristive emulator-based bionic circuit by referring to the electrophysiological microstructure of the lipid bilayer membrane of a biological neuron,within which an S-type memristor and a flux-controlled meminductor are employed to characterize the ion channels and their internal electromagnetic induction,respectively.The schematic of the bionic circuit only involves a capacitor,a memristor,a meminductor,and an external direct current(DC)source.Numerical simulations demonstrate that the bionic circuit can generate abundant chaotic and periodic spiking activities for the external stimulus,memristor-,and meminductor-related parameters.Moreover,a printed circuit board(PCB)-based hardware circuit is manually fabricated,upon which experimental measurements are performed to verify the chaotic and periodic spiking activities.This exploration demonstrates the feasibility of the bionic circuit in generating spiking activities and provides a hardware foundation for spike-based applications.展开更多
Achieving high drive efficiency remains a significant challenge in active knee prosthesis design. Inspired by human knee biomechanics, this study presents a novel biomimetic hydraulic drive system integrated with thre...Achieving high drive efficiency remains a significant challenge in active knee prosthesis design. Inspired by human knee biomechanics, this study presents a novel biomimetic hydraulic drive system integrated with three human-like mechanisms: antagonistic muscle driving mechanism, dynamic simulation of muscle forces, and multi-stage collaborative energy supply. The system features a multi-stage hydraulic-rope hybrid transmission enabling adjustable damping and compliant motion control, coupled with a dual-cylinder configuration that boosts driving efficiency while delivering 29.7 Nm peak torque. A pump-valve hybrid control strategy is developed to dynamically adjust the flow and driving torque across gait phases, enhancing response speed and angular tracking accuracy. Through computational modeling, simulation, and prototype validation, we demonstrate that the proposed hydraulic drive system achieves efficient and responsive knee flexion and extension while meeting functional demands, reducing energy consumption by 20–50% compared to traditional pump-controlled systems. This study introduces a novel strategy for developing multimodal muscle-joint collaborative mechanisms, establishing a foundational framework for next-generation, high-performance bioinspired prostheses.展开更多
With the aim of improving the fatigue properties of Mg alloy welded joints under cyclic loading,the effects of laser bionic treatment and ultrasonic impact bionic treatment on the fatigue crack growth(FCG)behavior of ...With the aim of improving the fatigue properties of Mg alloy welded joints under cyclic loading,the effects of laser bionic treatment and ultrasonic impact bionic treatment on the fatigue crack growth(FCG)behavior of AZ31B Mg alloy TIG-welded joints were studied and compared.The results show that bionic treatment refines the grains on the joint surface and improves the microhardness.In the crack stable growth stage,both bionic samples exhibit a lower FCG rate and a higher FCG resistance.The two bionic treatment methods reduce the probability of crack initiation and partially promote crack deflection,providing a new approach for improving the FCG behavior of welded joints.展开更多
A human semicircular canal(HSC)with“cupulolithiasis”(HSCC)causes abnormal perception and vertigo.Based on 3D printing technology and target tracking technology,models of a visualized bionic semicircular canal with c...A human semicircular canal(HSC)with“cupulolithiasis”(HSCC)causes abnormal perception and vertigo.Based on 3D printing technology and target tracking technology,models of a visualized bionic semicircular canal with cupulolithiasis(BSCC)were generated.The model,with careful scaling parameters,similar biomechanical responses to the vestibular-ocular reflex(VOR),and a similarly long time constant to the HSC,allows us to study the mechanics of the HSCC.The static experiments revealed that the bionic cupula of the BSCC continued to shift due to the effect of the gravity of the otolith after rotation stopped.The frequency broadband experiment indicated that the gain of the BSCC decreased as the phase difference increased,and the increase in otolith mass aggravated this trend.BSCCs can be used as a bionic model to study the pathology of human semicircular canal-related diseases and may promote the development of treatments.展开更多
This article provides a comprehensive exploration of the current research landscape in the field of soft actuation technology applied to bio-inspired soft robots. In sharp contrast to their conventional rigid counterp...This article provides a comprehensive exploration of the current research landscape in the field of soft actuation technology applied to bio-inspired soft robots. In sharp contrast to their conventional rigid counterparts, bio-inspired soft robots are primarily constructed from flexible materials, conferring upon them remarkable adaptability and flexibility to execute a multitude of tasks in complex environments. However, the classification of their driving technology poses a significant challenge owing to the diverse array of employed driving mechanisms and materials. Here, we classify several common soft actuation methods from the perspectives of the sources of motion in bio-inspired soft robots and their bio-inspired objects, effectively filling the classification system of soft robots, especially bio-inspired soft robots. Then, we summarize the driving principles and structures of various common driving methods from the perspective of bionics, and discuss the latest developments in the field of soft robot actuation from the perspective of driving modalities and methodologies. We then discuss the application directions of bio-inspired soft robots and the latest developments in each direction. Finally, after an in-depth review of various soft bio-inspired robot driving technologies in recent years, we summarize the issues and challenges encountered in the advancement of soft robot actuation technology.展开更多
Polyurethane-fluorinated polysiloxane(PU-FPDMS)with high-strength,high-bonding and low surface en-ergy is synthesized as the matrix,and the PU-FPDMS/MCs/Ag marine anti-fouling coating on the sur-face of imitatio...Polyurethane-fluorinated polysiloxane(PU-FPDMS)with high-strength,high-bonding and low surface en-ergy is synthesized as the matrix,and the PU-FPDMS/MCs/Ag marine anti-fouling coating on the sur-face of imitation crab shells is constructed by assembling butenolide@1,1-stilbene-modified hydrolyzed polyglycidyl methacrylate/graphene oxide microcapsules(Bu@PGMAm/GO MCs)with compact multi-shell structure and Ag nanoparticles(AgNPs)step by step on the PU-FPDMS matrix.The PU-FPDMS/MCs/Ag bionic anti-fouling coatings achieve long-term and stable anti-fouling effect under the combination of robust low-surface-energy PU-FPDMS matrix,steady-state sustained release of butenolide encapsulated by the compact multi-shell,bionic surface formed by the microcapsules and AgNPs,and the release of Ag+.The shear strength,tensile strength,and elongation at break of the PU-FPDMS/MCs/Ag are 3.53 MPa,6.7 MPa,and 192.83%,respectively.Its static contact angle and sliding angle are 161.8°and 3.6°,respectively.The antibacterial rate of PU-FPDMS/MCs/Ag against Escherichia coli,Staphylococcus aureus,and Candida albicans can reach 100%.Compared with glass blank,PU,PU-FPDMS,PU-FPDMS/Ag,and PU-FPDMS/MCs,both the adhesion number and coverage percentage of chlorella adhere to PU-FPDMS/MCs/Ag are the minimum values,which are 600 cell mm-2 and 1.53%,respectively.After 6 months of marine field test,the primer blank,PU,PU-FPDMS all show different degrees of attachment by shellfish,spirorbis,al-gae and other biofouling,while the PU-FPDMS/MCs/Ag coating is still not covered with biofouling,while the PU-FPDMS/MCs/Ag coatings still exhibit little attachment of marine fouling.The PU-FPDMS/MCs/Ag bionic anti-fouling coatings are expected to be widely used in the fields of anti-fouling,anti-icing,anti-fogging,drag reduction,self-cleaning,and antibacterial.展开更多
Inspired by the remarkable electromagnetic response capabilities of the complex morphologies and subtle microstructures evolved by natural organisms,this paper delves into the research advancements and future applicat...Inspired by the remarkable electromagnetic response capabilities of the complex morphologies and subtle microstructures evolved by natural organisms,this paper delves into the research advancements and future application potential of bionic microwave-absorbing materials(BMAMs).It outlines the significance of achieving high-performance microwave-absorbing materials through ingenious microstructural design and judicious composition selection,while emphasizing the innovative strategies offered by bionic manufacturing.Furthermore,this work meticulously analyzes how inspiration can be drawn from the intricate structures of marine organisms,plants,animals,and nonmetallic minerals in nature to devise and develop BMAMs with superior electromagnetic wave absorption properties.Additionally,the paper provides an in-depth exploration of the theoretical underpinnings of BMAMs,particularly the latest breakthroughs in broadband absorption.By incorporating advanced methodologies such as simulation modeling and bionic gradient design,we unravel the scientific principles governing the microwave absorption mechanisms of BMAMs,thereby furnishing a solid theoretical foundation for understanding and optimizing their performance.Ultimately,this review aims to offer valuable insights and inspiration to researchers in related fields,fostering the collective advancement of research on BMAMs.展开更多
In intricate aquatic environments, enhancing the sensory performance of underwater actuators to ensure successful task execution is a significant challenge. To address this, a biomimetic tactile multimodal sensing app...In intricate aquatic environments, enhancing the sensory performance of underwater actuators to ensure successful task execution is a significant challenge. To address this, a biomimetic tactile multimodal sensing approach is introduced in this study, based on TriboElectric NanoGenerator (TENG) and Micro-ThermoElectric Generator (MTEG). This method enables actuators to identify the material properties of underwater target objects and to sense grasping states, such as pressure and relative sliding. In this study, a multi-dimensional underwater bionic tactile perception theoretical model is established, and a bionic sensing prototype with a sandwich-type structure is designed. To verify the performance of pressure feedback and material perception, pertinent experiments are conducted. The experimental results reveal that within a pressure measurement range of 0–16 N, the detection error of the sensor is 1.81%, and the maximum pressure response accuracy achieves 2.672 V/N. The sensing response time of the sensor is 0.981 s. The recovery time of the sensor is 0.97 s. Furthermore, the exceptional fatigue resistance of the sensor is also demonstrated. Based on the frequency of the output voltage from the prototype, the sliding state of the target object relative to the actuator can be sensed. In terms of material identification, the temperature response accuracy of the sensor is 0.072 V/°C. With the assistance of machine learning methods, six characteristic materials are identified by the sensor under 7 N pressure, with a recognition accuracy of 92.4%. In complex marine environments, this method has great application potential in the field of underwater tactile perception.展开更多
Bionic hydrogels offer significant advantages over conventional counterparts,boasting superior properties like enhanced adhesion,stretchability,conductivity,biocompatibility and versatile functionalities.Their physico...Bionic hydrogels offer significant advantages over conventional counterparts,boasting superior properties like enhanced adhesion,stretchability,conductivity,biocompatibility and versatile functionalities.Their physicochemical resemblance to biological tissues makes bionic hydrogels ideal interfaces for bioelectronic devices.In contrast,conventional hydrogels often exhibit inadequate performance,such as easy detachment,lack of good skin compliance,and inadequate conductivity,failing to meet the rigorous demands of bioelectronic applications.Bionic hydrogels,inspired by biological designs,exhibit exceptional physicochemical characteristics that fulfill diverse criteria for bioelectronic applications,driving the advancement of bioelectronic devices.This review first introduces a variety of materials used in the fabrication of bionic hydrogels,including natural polymers,synthetic polymers,and other materials.Then different mechanisms of hydrogel bionics,are categorized into material bionics,structural bionics,and functional bionics based on their bionic approaches.Subsequently,various applications of bionic hydrogels in the field of bioelectronics were introduced,including physiological signal monitoring,tissue engineering,and human-machine interactions.Lastly,the current development and future prospects of bionic hydrogels in bioelectronic devices are summarized.Hopefully,this comprehensive review could inspire advancements in bionic hydrogels for applications in bioelectronic devices.展开更多
The soft-hard combined structures involving varying microhardness on the specimen surface of grey cast iron,processed by bionic laser technology,exhibit excellent wear resistance under dry sliding condition.Both the p...The soft-hard combined structures involving varying microhardness on the specimen surface of grey cast iron,processed by bionic laser technology,exhibit excellent wear resistance under dry sliding condition.Both the primary phase(PP)and the laser-treated phase(LP)play pivotal roles in the wear performance of grey cast iron,in association with various combinations of PP and LP microhardness,originating from different laser processing and heat treatment.Owing to the optimized combination of microhardness,the result exhibits the dominant role of LP,with higher microhardness,in wear test,indicating that this technology,apart from producing complex structures,can also act as a design-process method to modify the tribological properties of grey cast iron,and thus providing a feasible approach to tailor the surface microhardness and to modify the wear performance of grey cast iron.Moreover,a threshold of wear resistance is obtained,while LP microhardness is above 900 HV;meanwhile,beyond it,the change of PP microhardness has only minor impact on wear performance.Finite element analysis shows that,in line with varying microhardness combination,distinct stress distribution on specimen surface is achieved,agreeing well with the good wear resistance and tailorable microhardness of LP and PP.展开更多
Over millions of years of natural evolution,organisms have developed nearly perfect structures and functions.The self-fabrication of organisms serves as a valuable source of inspiration for designing the next-generati...Over millions of years of natural evolution,organisms have developed nearly perfect structures and functions.The self-fabrication of organisms serves as a valuable source of inspiration for designing the next-generation of structural materials,and is driving the future paradigm shift of modern materials science and engineering.However,the complex structures and multifunctional integrated optimization of organisms far exceed the capability of artificial design and fabrication technology,and new manufacturing methods are urgently needed to achieve efficient reproduction of biological functions.As one of the most valuable advanced manufacturing technologies of the 21st century,laser processing technology provides an efficient solution to the critical challenges of bionic manufacturing.This review outlines the processing principles,manufacturing strategies,potential applications,challenges,and future development outlook of laser processing in bionic manufacturing domains.Three primary manufacturing strategies for laser-based bionic manufacturing are elucidated:subtractive manufacturing,equivalent manufacturing,and additive manufacturing.The progress and trends in bionic subtractive manufacturing applied to microano structural surfaces,bionic equivalent manufacturing for surface strengthening,and bionic additive manufacturing aiming to achieve bionic spatial structures,are reported.Finally,the key problems faced by laser-based bionic manufacturing,its limitations,and the development trends of its existing technologies are discussed.展开更多
基金financial support received from the Shanghai Pujiang Program(23PJ1406500)。
摘要White Cyphochilus insulanus beetles,exhibiting both environmental camouflage display and radiative cooling functions,serve as a good prototype for biomimetic fabrication.As inspired,this work presents a femtosecond(fs)laser-based biomimetic fabrication strategy that takes full use of the synthesized radiative cooling nanomaterials for a groundbreaking stimuli-responsive infrared(IR)impressionistic camouflage display.The proposed technique is capable of readily transforming various substrates(quartz glass and metals including Ti,Al,Zr,and W)into self-assembled porous networks(aerogels)consisting of oxygen-vacancy-rich oxide nanoparticles.Surprisingly,the emissions of all as-prepared porous particle-networks in the radiative-cooling long-wavelength infrared(LWIR)band are above 95%,with the SiO2 aerogels reaching a maximum of 99.6%.Benefiting from the far-from-equilibrium thermodynamic kinetics,metastable phases of anatase TiO2,tetragonal zirconia(t-ZrO2),and monoclinic WO3(Pc)are synthesizable,opening up opportunities for exploring their optical applications.Taking the low-temperature metastable phase WO3(Pc)as representative for systematic studies,it is found that(1)the ratio WO3(Pc)phase to that of room-temperature phase of WO3(P21)can be tailored by modulation of processing parameters;(2)laser synthesized aerogels with hybrid phases of WO3(Pc)and WO3(P21)have a brighter visible whiteness,higher visibleearinfrared(NIR)spectral selectivity than the natural prototype of white Cyphochilus insulanus beetles but with comparable LWIR emittance.White WO3 aerogel in situ deposited during flexibly fs laser artistic patterning can blur the painting features due to its radiative cooling effect,allowing a colorful impressionistic IR display in the heating mode.What's more,invisible painting features concealed by the white deposited WO3 aerogel are clearly/faintly distinguishable by introducing external stimuli of a human hand and sample heating,respectively,catalyzing progress in optical encryption and selectively stimuli-responsive decryption display in the infrared band.
基金Supported by Key Technologies Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFC2406004).
摘要In this study,the shell structure of olives in nature was modeled,and a high-porosity bionic olive body-centered cubic structure(BCCO)with reinforcement structures of circular support(BCCR)and triangular support(BCCT)with excellent mechanical properties was designed and prepared using selective laser melting technology.The surface morphology,deformation behavior,and energy absorption of BCCO were compared with those of the equivalent uniform body-centered cubic structure(BCC)and analyzed through quasi-static compression experiments and finite element analysis.The olive-shaped structure showed optimal load resistance when the radius of curvature was equal to the edge length of the lattice structure,and outperformed with a larger curvature than with a smaller curvature.With the added support structure,the energy absorption of the BCCR increased by 144.44%compared with that of the conventional BCC structure.The newly designed olive bionic structure has considerable potential for applications in various fields,such as aerospace and medical devices.
基金Wuxi University Research Start-up Fund for Introduced Talents(Grant No:2024r031)Technology Development Contract(Contract Registration Number:2024320205000963)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52275288)Ningbo Key Research and Development Plan(Grant No.2023Z022).
摘要To solve the problem of abnormal abrasion of Cu-Based Friction Materials(CBFMs),Bionic Non-Smooth Surface(BNS)on friction surface of CBFMs was constructed based on bionic principles,and the optimal bionic prototype was selected by Finite Element Method(FEM).In addition,the bionic parameters were optimized by Response Surface Method(RSM).Samples holding BNS were prepared by Laser Processing,tribological properties were tested by a Friction and Wear Tester and worn surface morphology was characterized by a Scanning Electron Microscope(SEM).The results showed that BNS on friction surface could regulate the stress distribution and alleviate the peak stress.Among all samples,the coupled texture of pit-hexagonal got the minimum peak stress.During braking,bionic texture could also collect wear debris or change the motion forms from sliding to rotation,which can reduce abnormal abrasion.The wear rate was reduced by 19.31%.The results in this paper can provide a new idea for enhancing the tribological properties of CBFMs,and can also lay the foundation for further research of bionic tribology.
基金National Key R&D Program of China(grant number 2022YFA1207500)National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant number 82072412).
摘要Treating bone defects complicated by bacterial infections remains a significant clinical challenge.Drawing inspiration from the human body's bone repair mechanisms,the use of biomimetic methods to design tissue engineering scaffolds is of great significance for bone repair.This study synthesized copper(Cu)-doped mesoporous silica nanoparticles(Cu@MSN)modified with hydroxyethyl methacrylate to obtain methacrylated Cu@MSN(Cu@MSNMA).Furtheremore,bio-mimetic nanocomposite hydrogels were prepared by adding Cu@MSNMA to a GelMA/gelatin solution.This hydrogel achieves multi-modal bone tissue biomimicry:(ⅰ)GelMA/gelatin mimics the matrix components in bone ECM,ensuring biocompatibility while promoting cellular behavior(such as adhesion,proliferation,and differentiation);(ⅱ)GelMA/gela-tin and the crosslinking sites introduced by Cu@MSNMA form a stable porous network structure,achieving structural and mechanical biomimicry to provide necessary support for bone defects;(ⅲ)The elemental biomimicry of Si and Cu in Cu@MSNMA achieves efficient osteogenic induction.The effect of different proportions of Cu@MSNMA on the physi-cal properties of the composite hydrogels was investigated to determine the optimal proportion.The results indicated that the mechanical properties of hydrogel were enhanced with the increasing Cu@MSNMA mass ratio.Notably,5%NPs/GelMA/gelatin hydrogel exhibited excellent mechanical property compared to the GelMA/gelatin hydrogel.In vitro and vivo cellular experiments demonstrated a significant enhancement in antibacterial and osteogenic induction with Cu@MSNMA addition.In conclusion,the proposed nanocomposite hydrogel with biomimetic components and ion-regulating properties can serve as a multifunctional scaffold,offering antimicrobial properties for infected bone regeneration,and guide for future research in bone regeneration and three-dimensional printing.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China through(Grant Nos.52576071,52495000,and 52495001).
摘要The bubbles formed on the electrodes tend to stick to the reaction area during hydrogen(H2)production,hindering the continuous reaction,which drastically reduces the H2 production efficiency.In this work,a customizable multifunctional three-dimensional(3D)electrode with bionic structures is proposed and precisely fabricated by the projection microstereolithography(PμSL)3D printing technique,which facilitates the catalytic reaction and the detachment of H2 bubbles with an asymmetrically wetted bioinspired functional membrane to allow bubbles to pass through based on Janus effects.The 3D bionic functional electrodes exhibit excellent H2 production performance.At the same voltage,the current density of our 3D electrode is 2.5 times greater than that of a two-dimensional(2D)electrode and 8 times greater than that of a one-dimensional(1D)common flat electrode with the same surface area.Moreover,the amount of H2 collected from a 3D bionic functional electrode is 53.9%and 172.1%greater than that collected from 2D and 1D electrodes with the same catalyst size,respectively.Significantly,a 400 cm2 panel reactor system based on biomimetic 3D functional electrodes enables one-week continuous operation with ultra-high safety and durability in H2 production.Coupled with a solar panel,it achieves long-term outdoor H2 production and gas collection.
基金Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(Grant No.20220817171811004)(Grant No.RCBS20231211090816033)+4 种基金the Major Key Project of PCL,China under Grant PCL2025A13Longgang District,Shenzhen's"Ten-Action Plan"for Supporting Innovation Projects(Grant No.LGKCSDPT2024002,LGKCSDPT2024003,LGKCSDPT2024004)the"Zhiguo"Action of Guangxi Science and Technology Program(Grant No.ZG2503980003)Guangdong S&T Program under(Grant No.2025B0909040003)Guangdong Provincial Leading Talent Program(Grant No.2024TX08Z319).
摘要The main cable is the primary load-bearing component of a suspension bridge,continuously exposed to harsh environmental conditions,such as wind and rain,throughout the year.These adverse conditions contribute to varying degrees of degradation and damage to the main cable,necessitating regular inspections to prevent catastrophic failures.Traditional manual inspection methods not only suffer from low efficiency but also pose significant safety risks to personnel.To address these challenges and ensure the safe and effective inspection of suspension bridge main cables,this study introduces a novel cooperative climbing robot,designated as Main Cable Robot Version II(CCRobot-M-II),inspired by the locomotion of the inchworm.The robot employs an alternating opening and closing mechanism of four gripper sets,mimicking the inchworm's movement to achieve efficient crawling along the suspension bridge handrails.This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the structural design,key components,and motion mechanisms of CCRobot-M-II.A detailed force analysis of the robot's crawling process is also presented,followed by the design of the control system and the development of an efficient motion control algorithm.Laboratory experiments demonstrate that the robot achieves a positional error of 00.64%during crawling,with a maximum average crawling speed of 7.6 m/min.Furthermore,the biomimetic design enables the robot to overcome obstacles up to 30 mm in height and possess the capability to handle suspension bridge cables with spans ranging from 740 to 1100 mm.Finally,CCRobot-M-II successfully conducted an inspection of the main cable on a suspension bridge,marking the world's first successful deployment of a climbing robot for main cable inspection on a suspension bridge.
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2022ME041)Shandong Provincial Central Leading Local Science and Technology Development Fund Project(YDZX2022003)Innovation Capability Enhancement Project for Technological Small and Medium sized Enterprises(2023TSGC0192)。
摘要The fouling problem has attracted much attention in many industrial fields and daily life scenes.Traditional antifouling methods have limitations such as environmental pollution,health hazards,and poor durability.Biomimetic surface micro-textured superhydrophobic surface antifouling technology came into being.This technology does not depend on harmful chemicals,but provides innovative solutions for antifouling,self-cleaning and other fields by imitating the special micro-nano structure of biological surface and utilizing its own physical characteristics.Micro-textures inspired by plants and animals,such as lotus leaves,rose petals,shark skin,etc.,can change the wettability of the material surface and reduce the adhesion of dirt.Processing technologies such as laser,wire cutting and template method can be used to construct micro-textures with superhydrophobic properties.These technologies have the advantages of simple process,high processing efficiency and environmental friendliness.Numerous research cases have shown that bionic micro-texture technology has great application potential and value in many fields.In the future,with the continuous advancement and innovation of micro-nano processing technology and the strengthening of interdisciplinary cooperation,bionic microtexture technology is expected to achieve breakthroughs in more fields and provide more innovative ideas and solutions for solving the fouling problem.
基金supported in part by the National Key R&D Program of China under Grant 2018YFC2001300the Science and Technology Research Project of Educational Department of Jilin Province under Grant JJKH20241259KJthe National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 52405309。
摘要Energy Storage and Return(ESR)prosthetic feet are commonly used by individuals with tibial amputations,but their fixed stiffness cannot accommodate varying walking tasks and user preferences.In contrast,semi-active prostheses can adjust stiffness through control mechanisms,though their design still leaves room for improvement in biomimetic characteristics,mass,and dynamic response.In this paper,we present a bionic,variable-stiffness,semi-active ankle-foot prosthesis.Stiffness is adjusted before each ground contact by controlling the motor to alter the length of the moment arm from the ankle joint center to the point of force application,with a range of 1.78-7.01 N·m/°.Additionally,the device features a biomimetic footplate design based on the transverse arch of the human foot,which reduces weight(total weight:933 g)while guaranteeing support capacity.The prosthesis can precisely identify the phase for stiffness adjustment and achieve the widest range of adjustment during this phase.A unilateral tibial amputee participated in a preliminary clinical test involving variable-speed walking,stairs,and ramps.Preliminary single-subject data suggest that,compared to the subject's previous fixed-stiffness prosthesis,the newly designed prosthesis increases the range of motion,peak power,and energy storage during level walking,while reducing the adduction moment on the sound limb's knee joint.These findings offer initial support for the prosthesis'potential to improve the biomechanics of walking and other activities,providing insights for the development of biomimetic design.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12572066 and 12172066)the 333 Project of Jiangsu Province+1 种基金the Research and Innovation Project of the Compound Semiconductor Innovation Consortium(Grant No.RIPCSIC202502)the College Students’Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program of Changzhou University(Grant No.S202510292080)。
摘要Bionic circuits can reproduce the firing activities of excitable biological neurons,which are the potential hardware foundation for artificial intelligent applications.This paper builds a meminductive and memristive emulator-based bionic circuit by referring to the electrophysiological microstructure of the lipid bilayer membrane of a biological neuron,within which an S-type memristor and a flux-controlled meminductor are employed to characterize the ion channels and their internal electromagnetic induction,respectively.The schematic of the bionic circuit only involves a capacitor,a memristor,a meminductor,and an external direct current(DC)source.Numerical simulations demonstrate that the bionic circuit can generate abundant chaotic and periodic spiking activities for the external stimulus,memristor-,and meminductor-related parameters.Moreover,a printed circuit board(PCB)-based hardware circuit is manually fabricated,upon which experimental measurements are performed to verify the chaotic and periodic spiking activities.This exploration demonstrates the feasibility of the bionic circuit in generating spiking activities and provides a hardware foundation for spike-based applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NO. 5217053432).
摘要Achieving high drive efficiency remains a significant challenge in active knee prosthesis design. Inspired by human knee biomechanics, this study presents a novel biomimetic hydraulic drive system integrated with three human-like mechanisms: antagonistic muscle driving mechanism, dynamic simulation of muscle forces, and multi-stage collaborative energy supply. The system features a multi-stage hydraulic-rope hybrid transmission enabling adjustable damping and compliant motion control, coupled with a dual-cylinder configuration that boosts driving efficiency while delivering 29.7 Nm peak torque. A pump-valve hybrid control strategy is developed to dynamically adjust the flow and driving torque across gait phases, enhancing response speed and angular tracking accuracy. Through computational modeling, simulation, and prototype validation, we demonstrate that the proposed hydraulic drive system achieves efficient and responsive knee flexion and extension while meeting functional demands, reducing energy consumption by 20–50% compared to traditional pump-controlled systems. This study introduces a novel strategy for developing multimodal muscle-joint collaborative mechanisms, establishing a foundational framework for next-generation, high-performance bioinspired prostheses.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51805235).
摘要With the aim of improving the fatigue properties of Mg alloy welded joints under cyclic loading,the effects of laser bionic treatment and ultrasonic impact bionic treatment on the fatigue crack growth(FCG)behavior of AZ31B Mg alloy TIG-welded joints were studied and compared.The results show that bionic treatment refines the grains on the joint surface and improves the microhardness.In the crack stable growth stage,both bionic samples exhibit a lower FCG rate and a higher FCG resistance.The two bionic treatment methods reduce the probability of crack initiation and partially promote crack deflection,providing a new approach for improving the FCG behavior of welded joints.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2024YFD2000203)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51775483).
摘要A human semicircular canal(HSC)with“cupulolithiasis”(HSCC)causes abnormal perception and vertigo.Based on 3D printing technology and target tracking technology,models of a visualized bionic semicircular canal with cupulolithiasis(BSCC)were generated.The model,with careful scaling parameters,similar biomechanical responses to the vestibular-ocular reflex(VOR),and a similarly long time constant to the HSC,allows us to study the mechanics of the HSCC.The static experiments revealed that the bionic cupula of the BSCC continued to shift due to the effect of the gravity of the otolith after rotation stopped.The frequency broadband experiment indicated that the gain of the BSCC decreased as the phase difference increased,and the increase in otolith mass aggravated this trend.BSCCs can be used as a bionic model to study the pathology of human semicircular canal-related diseases and may promote the development of treatments.
基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2024JBMC011)Aeronautical Science Foundation of China(No.2024Z0560M5001).
摘要This article provides a comprehensive exploration of the current research landscape in the field of soft actuation technology applied to bio-inspired soft robots. In sharp contrast to their conventional rigid counterparts, bio-inspired soft robots are primarily constructed from flexible materials, conferring upon them remarkable adaptability and flexibility to execute a multitude of tasks in complex environments. However, the classification of their driving technology poses a significant challenge owing to the diverse array of employed driving mechanisms and materials. Here, we classify several common soft actuation methods from the perspectives of the sources of motion in bio-inspired soft robots and their bio-inspired objects, effectively filling the classification system of soft robots, especially bio-inspired soft robots. Then, we summarize the driving principles and structures of various common driving methods from the perspective of bionics, and discuss the latest developments in the field of soft robot actuation from the perspective of driving modalities and methodologies. We then discuss the application directions of bio-inspired soft robots and the latest developments in each direction. Finally, after an in-depth review of various soft bio-inspired robot driving technologies in recent years, we summarize the issues and challenges encountered in the advancement of soft robot actuation technology.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52003148 and 52261045)the State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea,Hainan University(No.MRUKF2021023)+3 种基金the Key Research and Development Project of Shaanxi Province(No.2023-YBGY-475)the Key Scientific Research Project of Education Department of Shaanxi Province(No.22JS003)the Industrialization Project of the State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment(Cultivation)of Qinba Region(No.SXC-2310)the key cultivation project funds of Shaanxi University of Technology(No.SLGKYXM2201).
摘要Polyurethane-fluorinated polysiloxane(PU-FPDMS)with high-strength,high-bonding and low surface en-ergy is synthesized as the matrix,and the PU-FPDMS/MCs/Ag marine anti-fouling coating on the sur-face of imitation crab shells is constructed by assembling butenolide@1,1-stilbene-modified hydrolyzed polyglycidyl methacrylate/graphene oxide microcapsules(Bu@PGMAm/GO MCs)with compact multi-shell structure and Ag nanoparticles(AgNPs)step by step on the PU-FPDMS matrix.The PU-FPDMS/MCs/Ag bionic anti-fouling coatings achieve long-term and stable anti-fouling effect under the combination of robust low-surface-energy PU-FPDMS matrix,steady-state sustained release of butenolide encapsulated by the compact multi-shell,bionic surface formed by the microcapsules and AgNPs,and the release of Ag+.The shear strength,tensile strength,and elongation at break of the PU-FPDMS/MCs/Ag are 3.53 MPa,6.7 MPa,and 192.83%,respectively.Its static contact angle and sliding angle are 161.8°and 3.6°,respectively.The antibacterial rate of PU-FPDMS/MCs/Ag against Escherichia coli,Staphylococcus aureus,and Candida albicans can reach 100%.Compared with glass blank,PU,PU-FPDMS,PU-FPDMS/Ag,and PU-FPDMS/MCs,both the adhesion number and coverage percentage of chlorella adhere to PU-FPDMS/MCs/Ag are the minimum values,which are 600 cell mm-2 and 1.53%,respectively.After 6 months of marine field test,the primer blank,PU,PU-FPDMS all show different degrees of attachment by shellfish,spirorbis,al-gae and other biofouling,while the PU-FPDMS/MCs/Ag coating is still not covered with biofouling,while the PU-FPDMS/MCs/Ag coatings still exhibit little attachment of marine fouling.The PU-FPDMS/MCs/Ag bionic anti-fouling coatings are expected to be widely used in the fields of anti-fouling,anti-icing,anti-fogging,drag reduction,self-cleaning,and antibacterial.
基金the financial support provided by Graduate Scientific Research and Innovation Foundation of Chongqing,China(CYB22007,CYS22005)Projects(No.2020CDJXZ001)supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities+2 种基金the Technology Innovation and Application Development Special Project of Chongqing(Z20211350 and Z20211351)Scientific Research Project of Chongqing Ecological Environment Bureau(No.CQEE2022STHBZZ118)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.2024IAIS-QN008)。
摘要Inspired by the remarkable electromagnetic response capabilities of the complex morphologies and subtle microstructures evolved by natural organisms,this paper delves into the research advancements and future application potential of bionic microwave-absorbing materials(BMAMs).It outlines the significance of achieving high-performance microwave-absorbing materials through ingenious microstructural design and judicious composition selection,while emphasizing the innovative strategies offered by bionic manufacturing.Furthermore,this work meticulously analyzes how inspiration can be drawn from the intricate structures of marine organisms,plants,animals,and nonmetallic minerals in nature to devise and develop BMAMs with superior electromagnetic wave absorption properties.Additionally,the paper provides an in-depth exploration of the theoretical underpinnings of BMAMs,particularly the latest breakthroughs in broadband absorption.By incorporating advanced methodologies such as simulation modeling and bionic gradient design,we unravel the scientific principles governing the microwave absorption mechanisms of BMAMs,thereby furnishing a solid theoretical foundation for understanding and optimizing their performance.Ultimately,this review aims to offer valuable insights and inspiration to researchers in related fields,fostering the collective advancement of research on BMAMs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62372077,61976124)supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the National Key R&D Project from the Minister of Science and Technology(2021YFA1201604).
摘要In intricate aquatic environments, enhancing the sensory performance of underwater actuators to ensure successful task execution is a significant challenge. To address this, a biomimetic tactile multimodal sensing approach is introduced in this study, based on TriboElectric NanoGenerator (TENG) and Micro-ThermoElectric Generator (MTEG). This method enables actuators to identify the material properties of underwater target objects and to sense grasping states, such as pressure and relative sliding. In this study, a multi-dimensional underwater bionic tactile perception theoretical model is established, and a bionic sensing prototype with a sandwich-type structure is designed. To verify the performance of pressure feedback and material perception, pertinent experiments are conducted. The experimental results reveal that within a pressure measurement range of 0–16 N, the detection error of the sensor is 1.81%, and the maximum pressure response accuracy achieves 2.672 V/N. The sensing response time of the sensor is 0.981 s. The recovery time of the sensor is 0.97 s. Furthermore, the exceptional fatigue resistance of the sensor is also demonstrated. Based on the frequency of the output voltage from the prototype, the sliding state of the target object relative to the actuator can be sensed. In terms of material identification, the temperature response accuracy of the sensor is 0.072 V/°C. With the assistance of machine learning methods, six characteristic materials are identified by the sensor under 7 N pressure, with a recognition accuracy of 92.4%. In complex marine environments, this method has great application potential in the field of underwater tactile perception.
基金supported by the Scientific and Technological Project in Henan Province(242102231002)Henan Province Science and Technology Research and Development Program Joint Fund Advantageous Discipline Cultivation Project(No.232301420033)the Foundation for Outstanding Young Teachers in Universities of Henan Province(2021GGJS014).
摘要Bionic hydrogels offer significant advantages over conventional counterparts,boasting superior properties like enhanced adhesion,stretchability,conductivity,biocompatibility and versatile functionalities.Their physicochemical resemblance to biological tissues makes bionic hydrogels ideal interfaces for bioelectronic devices.In contrast,conventional hydrogels often exhibit inadequate performance,such as easy detachment,lack of good skin compliance,and inadequate conductivity,failing to meet the rigorous demands of bioelectronic applications.Bionic hydrogels,inspired by biological designs,exhibit exceptional physicochemical characteristics that fulfill diverse criteria for bioelectronic applications,driving the advancement of bioelectronic devices.This review first introduces a variety of materials used in the fabrication of bionic hydrogels,including natural polymers,synthetic polymers,and other materials.Then different mechanisms of hydrogel bionics,are categorized into material bionics,structural bionics,and functional bionics based on their bionic approaches.Subsequently,various applications of bionic hydrogels in the field of bioelectronics were introduced,including physiological signal monitoring,tissue engineering,and human-machine interactions.Lastly,the current development and future prospects of bionic hydrogels in bioelectronic devices are summarized.Hopefully,this comprehensive review could inspire advancements in bionic hydrogels for applications in bioelectronic devices.
基金supported by Project 985-High Performance Materials of Jilin University and the Project 985-Biomimetic Engineering Science and Technology Innovation and National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51275200).
摘要The soft-hard combined structures involving varying microhardness on the specimen surface of grey cast iron,processed by bionic laser technology,exhibit excellent wear resistance under dry sliding condition.Both the primary phase(PP)and the laser-treated phase(LP)play pivotal roles in the wear performance of grey cast iron,in association with various combinations of PP and LP microhardness,originating from different laser processing and heat treatment.Owing to the optimized combination of microhardness,the result exhibits the dominant role of LP,with higher microhardness,in wear test,indicating that this technology,apart from producing complex structures,can also act as a design-process method to modify the tribological properties of grey cast iron,and thus providing a feasible approach to tailor the surface microhardness and to modify the wear performance of grey cast iron.Moreover,a threshold of wear resistance is obtained,while LP microhardness is above 900 HV;meanwhile,beyond it,the change of PP microhardness has only minor impact on wear performance.Finite element analysis shows that,in line with varying microhardness combination,distinct stress distribution on specimen surface is achieved,agreeing well with the good wear resistance and tailorable microhardness of LP and PP.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 52235006 and 52025053)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2022YFB4600500)
摘要Over millions of years of natural evolution,organisms have developed nearly perfect structures and functions.The self-fabrication of organisms serves as a valuable source of inspiration for designing the next-generation of structural materials,and is driving the future paradigm shift of modern materials science and engineering.However,the complex structures and multifunctional integrated optimization of organisms far exceed the capability of artificial design and fabrication technology,and new manufacturing methods are urgently needed to achieve efficient reproduction of biological functions.As one of the most valuable advanced manufacturing technologies of the 21st century,laser processing technology provides an efficient solution to the critical challenges of bionic manufacturing.This review outlines the processing principles,manufacturing strategies,potential applications,challenges,and future development outlook of laser processing in bionic manufacturing domains.Three primary manufacturing strategies for laser-based bionic manufacturing are elucidated:subtractive manufacturing,equivalent manufacturing,and additive manufacturing.The progress and trends in bionic subtractive manufacturing applied to microano structural surfaces,bionic equivalent manufacturing for surface strengthening,and bionic additive manufacturing aiming to achieve bionic spatial structures,are reported.Finally,the key problems faced by laser-based bionic manufacturing,its limitations,and the development trends of its existing technologies are discussed.