A series of experiments was conducted to explore the influence of cable spacing on combustion characteristics in real cable installation,considering various external radiation intensities(30,50 kW/m2)and cable spac...A series of experiments was conducted to explore the influence of cable spacing on combustion characteristics in real cable installation,considering various external radiation intensities(30,50 kW/m2)and cable spacings(0,2.5,5 cm).A comparative analysis of the combustion characteristics(such as heat release rate(HRR),combustion gas,and mass loss)was conducted,and the HRR calculation for cables that were not fully filled in the sample tray was revised as well.It could be found that with the increasing radiation intensities,the peak concentrations of CO and CO2increased(O2concentration decreased),and the interval between the two peaks shortened.The HRR curves of cables with different spacings all presented two peaks under two radiation intensities.The max-peak HRR occurs at Dd=2.5 cm,and the double max-peak HRRs are 582 kW/m2and 407 kW/m2under radiation intensities of 50 kW/m2and 35 kW/m2,respectively.This is because when Dd=0 cm,the thermal feedback effect between cables is relatively enhanced,while the air entrainment between the cables is weakened.When Dd=5 cm,the thermal feedback effect is weakened.When Dd=2.5 cm,both the air entrainment and the thermal feedback are strengthened,and the peak HRR occurs.The above results could provide data to support fire safety design and the emergency response to cable laying.展开更多
To effectively control the large deformation of the surrounding rock under complex conditions,it is often necessary to apply prestress to anchor cables.However,due to the influence of surrounding rock deformation,mini...To effectively control the large deformation of the surrounding rock under complex conditions,it is often necessary to apply prestress to anchor cables.However,due to the influence of surrounding rock deformation,mining disturbance,and strong impact,anchor cables are often in a dynamic and static coupling stress state.Therefore,it is crucial to study the dynamic and static coupling mechanical characteristics of anchor cables.Based on this,the self-developed dynamic and static coupling test equipment is developed.The dynamic and static coupling mechanical test of anchor cables is conducted.Test results indicate that the energy absorption for anchor cables under the initial load of 350 kN decreased by 69.8%compared to the condition without initial load,and the energy absorption efficiency increased by 6.6 times.The increase of initial load can improve its energy absorption efficiency,but it can also lead to a decrease in its energy absorption.The energy absorption and energy absorption efficiency shows a bilinear variation law with the increase of initial load.On this basis,the energy absorption calculation formula and the support design model of the anchor cable are established.It provides new ideas for the safety control of dynamic disasters in deep engineering.展开更多
The post-tensioned energy dissipating(PTED)connection for steel frames has drawn many researchers'attention for its good seismic performance.This particular cable is one of the key components of post-tensioned con...The post-tensioned energy dissipating(PTED)connection for steel frames has drawn many researchers'attention for its good seismic performance.This particular cable is one of the key components of post-tensioned connections.However,the value of cable force can decrease due to creep in the cable and anchor systems.To evaluate seismic response by means of transient dynamic analysis,a simplified numerical model with a friction-damped,post-tensioned connection is used.The evolution patterns of the seismic response of friction-damped,post-tensioned steel frames(FDPT),along with a decrease in cable force,is systematically investigated.The interaction mechanisms between structural displacement and post-tensioning force variations were rigorously analyzed by utilizing advanced nonlinear simulations.The influence of initial PT force and friction force are revealed through parametrical analysis.Spectral decomposition techniques were employed to evaluate vibration characteristics across different excitation frequency bands.The results indicate that the intensity of seismic response generally increases with a decrease in cable force,especially for the condition in which the cable force approaches zero.The degradation of cable force caused by the creep of a cable and anchor system should be seriously considered.展开更多
The main cable is the primary load-bearing component of a suspension bridge,continuously exposed to harsh environmental conditions,such as wind and rain,throughout the year.These adverse conditions contribute to varyi...The main cable is the primary load-bearing component of a suspension bridge,continuously exposed to harsh environmental conditions,such as wind and rain,throughout the year.These adverse conditions contribute to varying degrees of degradation and damage to the main cable,necessitating regular inspections to prevent catastrophic failures.Traditional manual inspection methods not only suffer from low efficiency but also pose significant safety risks to personnel.To address these challenges and ensure the safe and effective inspection of suspension bridge main cables,this study introduces a novel cooperative climbing robot,designated as Main Cable Robot Version II(CCRobot-M-II),inspired by the locomotion of the inchworm.The robot employs an alternating opening and closing mechanism of four gripper sets,mimicking the inchworm's movement to achieve efficient crawling along the suspension bridge handrails.This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the structural design,key components,and motion mechanisms of CCRobot-M-II.A detailed force analysis of the robot's crawling process is also presented,followed by the design of the control system and the development of an efficient motion control algorithm.Laboratory experiments demonstrate that the robot achieves a positional error of 00.64%during crawling,with a maximum average crawling speed of 7.6 m/min.Furthermore,the biomimetic design enables the robot to overcome obstacles up to 30 mm in height and possess the capability to handle suspension bridge cables with spans ranging from 740 to 1100 mm.Finally,CCRobot-M-II successfully conducted an inspection of the main cable on a suspension bridge,marking the world's first successful deployment of a climbing robot for main cable inspection on a suspension bridge.展开更多
This study investigates the performance of high-strength cable bolts under impact loading conditions representative of rock bursts in underground environments.Although widely used,the dynamic behaviour of these cable ...This study investigates the performance of high-strength cable bolts under impact loading conditions representative of rock bursts in underground environments.Although widely used,the dynamic behaviour of these cable bolts has received limited experimental attention,and their effectiveness in seismically active zones remains a subject of ongoing debate.To address this gap,a reverse pull-out test machine integrated with a drop hammer rig was employed.Tests were conducted on 70-t SUMO bulbed and non-bulbed cable bolts with encapsulation lengths of 300 and 450 mm,subjected to an impact energy of 14.52 k J.Results indicate that non-bulbed cables,despite showing lower initial peak loads(average 218 vs.328 k N for bulbed cables at 300 mm encapsulation),demonstrated superior energy absorption(average 11.26 vs.8.75 k J)and displacement capacity(average 48.40 vs.36.25 mm).Increasing the encapsulation length for bulbed cables led to a reduction in initial peak load but improved displacement and energy absorption.The dominant failure mechanism was debonding at the cable-grout interface,characterised by frictional sliding and cable rotation.These findings provide new insights into the energy dissipation mechanisms of cables and support the development of more resilient ground support systems for dynamically active conditions.展开更多
Recognizing rock fracture precursors is critical for ensuring the safe and stable operation of deep underground engineering.The paper investigates the fracture mechanisms of Negative Poisson's Ratio material(NPR)a...Recognizing rock fracture precursors is critical for ensuring the safe and stable operation of deep underground engineering.The paper investigates the fracture mechanisms of Negative Poisson's Ratio material(NPR)and Poisson's Ratio material(PR)material anchored composite rock specimens(NCR&PCR)with different inclination angles in uniaxial compression test(UCT),monitored with acoustic emission(AE)and infrared(IR)thermography.A new index,Enhanced Infrared Matrix of Damage(EIMD),is defined by processing the noise-suppressed IR temperature matrices with Otsu thresholding,which highlights thermal anomalies associated with crack initiation and growth.On this basis,the correlative index Damage Infrared Energy Response(DIER)is further proposed,serving as a robust indicator of crack-induced radiative energy release.Based on these IR parameters,the integrated isolation forest model is constructed to identify anomaly points during damage evolution,enabling early failure prediction.Experimental results show that NCR exhibits 3.06%–6.2%higher peak strength than PCR across inclination angles of 15°–45°,and NCR-30°/45°retains residual load-bearing capacity through stress curve rebound.AE analyses reveal that PCR undergoes multiple sharp b-value drops in Stage Ⅲ,with an increasing inclination,whereas NCR maintains a rising b-value and a moderate Low Frequency(LF)ratio,reflecting an enhanced crack resistance ability.EIMD and DIER provide a reliable framework for quantifying rock damage,with anomalies in isolation forest prediction characterized by distinct DIER–EIMD patterns and crack morphologies.The integrated prediction model achieves early warning within 13–51 s(89%–99%peak stress(σpeak)),with NCR anomalies detected 6–10 s earlier than PCR,demonstrating the stabilizing role of NPR cables in delaying infrared precursors and restraining large-scale crack propagation.This study provides researchers with a new infrared thermography-based perspective for identifying precursors of rock fracture,offering a useful reference for future investigations on predicting the UCT failure behavior of anchored rocks.It also establishes an experimental and theoretical foundation for understanding the mechanical response and failure prediction of anchored composite roof strata in engineering applications.展开更多
In-situ enlargement of super-large-span tunnels can intensify excavation-induced unloading in the surrounding rock,increasing deformation demand and failure risk during construction.This study combines laboratory mode...In-situ enlargement of super-large-span tunnels can intensify excavation-induced unloading in the surrounding rock,increasing deformation demand and failure risk during construction.This study combines laboratory model tests with FLAC3D simulations to evaluate the stabilizing role of prestressed anchor cables and to establish an energy-balance framework for support optimization.Comparative model tests of existing and enlarged tunnel sections,with and without anchors,show that reinforcement increases load-carrying capacity,reduces displacement,and confines damage to more localized zones.The numerical simulations reproduce displacement fields,shear-strain localization,and plastic-zone evolution with good agreement against the experimental observations.The energy framework is implemented in the in-situ simulations by quantifying unloading-related energy release in the rock mass and reinforcement work contributed by the anchors,and by introducing an energy release–reinforcement ratio as a stability indicator.Parametric analyses indicate that anchor length,spacing,and prestress influence stability in a nonlinear manner,with diminishing returns once reinforcement extends beyond the mechanically dominant deformation zone.An efficient parameter window is identified that improves deformation and yielding control while avoiding unnecessary reinforcement.The results provide an energy-consistent and design-oriented basis for prestressed anchorage selection in large-span tunnel expansion.展开更多
The accurate detection of submarine pipelines and cables is essential for marine energy transmission.Current object detection algorithms exhibit limitations due to poor underwater visibility,complex seabed terrain,and...The accurate detection of submarine pipelines and cables is essential for marine energy transmission.Current object detection algorithms exhibit limitations due to poor underwater visibility,complex seabed terrain,and dense occlusions,resulting in high false positive rates and missed detections.This study presents SPC-YOLO(Submarine Pipeline and Cable-YOLO),an enhanced object detection framework that combines YOLOv8 with the ByteTrack tracking algorithm.The framework introduces three key innovations:(1)Enhanced Feature Extraction:Integration of a Diverse Branch Block(DBB)into the backbone network to enhance multi-scale feature representation.(2)Adaptive Feature Learning:Replacement of the original C2f module with an Inverted Residual Mobile Block(iRMB)in the neck section,and implementation of a novel Dual Multi-Scale Attention(DMSA)mechanism for adaptive spatialcontextual feature fusion.(3)Training Optimization:Implementation of a Soft Intersection over Union(SIoU)loss function to improve bounding box regression accuracy.Additionally,the ByteTrack algorithm enables pipeline and cable tracking in video sequences.Extensive experiments on a real-world dataset from side-scan sonar videos in Bohai Bay demonstrate that SPC-YOLO achieves a precision of 93.3%,recall of 89.1%,and mean Average Precision(mAP)of 94.9%and 59.2%at IoU thresholds of 0.50 and 0.50:0.95,respectively.These results represent improvements of 6.9%,4.1%,4.6%,and 6.1%compared with YOLOv8,validating SPC-YOLO’s superior detection accuracy and robustness in challenging underwater environments and establishing a framework for surveillance and maintenance of critical seabed infrastructure.展开更多
This paper presents a dynamic geometric digital twin creation method for cable-net structures in construction which creates the building information model(BIM)for construction process visualization and finite element ...This paper presents a dynamic geometric digital twin creation method for cable-net structures in construction which creates the building information model(BIM)for construction process visualization and finite element model(FEM)for cable shape and force prediction.The basic dynamic geometric information for parametric BIMs and FEMs is extracted from multi-stage laser scanning during construction.Multi-stage BIMs are presented as Industry Foundation Classes(IFC)format where the cables are created by approximating the curved shapes with straight segments.Complex components like cable clamps are imported as Revit Family and replicated at the measured locations.Multi-stage FEMs utilize the ABAQUS secondary development technology to parametrize geometric configuration,loads and constraints between components based on actual connections.A continuous dynamic BIM from one stage to another can be created based on construction progress and the deformed shapes derived from synchronously updated FEM calculations.Total duration for modeling and computation of each stage in construction is within 140 s.The average distances between the multi-stage BIMs and point clouds are within 15–20 mm.The prediction deviations of cable shapes and forces between FEM results and the measured data of the next stage are 1.2%and 1.5%,which considers temperature and construction progress.展开更多
The actively heated fiber-optic(AHFO)technology has emerged as a frontier and hotspot in soil water content measurement,offering advantages such as easy installation,large-scale distributed measurement capability,and ...The actively heated fiber-optic(AHFO)technology has emerged as a frontier and hotspot in soil water content measurement,offering advantages such as easy installation,large-scale distributed measurement capability,and resistance to electromagnetic interference.However,current AHFO water content sensors fail to simultaneously achieve high precision,applicability for deep soil,and automated real-time monitoring,thereby limiting their development and application.Therefore,this study introduces a novel actively heated fiber Bragg grating(AH-FBG)cable.Laboratory tests were conducted to assess the heating uniformity of the AH-FBG cable and to establish the temperature characteristic value(Tt)-soil water content(θ)calibration formula for water content measurement.Subsequently,AH-FBG cables were deployed for in situ soil water content monitoring in a test pit on the Loess Plateau.Through two-year monitoring data verified the accuracy of the AH-FBG cable and elucidated the spatiotemporal distribution of in situ loess water content.Laboratory results demonstrated superior heating uniformity of AHFBG cable,with a Tt standard deviation of approximately 0.3℃.In the field,the AH-FBG cable exhibited excellent performance in soil water content measurement,achieving a high accuracy of 0.023 cm3/cm3.Further analysis revealed that the θ fluctuation predominantly occurred within a 10 m depth from the soil surface,with an overall upward trend over the two-year monitoring period;the response of shallow θ to precipitation was significant but exhibited increasing hysteresis with depth;frequent precipitation significantly enhanced water infiltration depth.This study provides technical guidance for highprecision,quasi-distributed,automated and real-time water content measurement of deep soil.展开更多
As the critical medium for electrical energy transmission, the reliability of power cables' insulation status directly impacts the safe and stable operation of power grids. Partial discharge serves as a key early ...As the critical medium for electrical energy transmission, the reliability of power cables' insulation status directly impacts the safe and stable operation of power grids. Partial discharge serves as a key early indicator of insulation degradation, making online monitoring and timely insulation treatment essential for enhancing cable asset management and preventing operational failures. This paper systematically outlines the application landscape, core advantages, and implementation considerations of online partial discharge monitoring technologies for power cables, while providing detailed analyses of monitoring point placement principles, signal acquisition methods, data management strategies, and equipment maintenance requirements. Furthermore, the study focuses on pivotal insulation treatment technologies, examining a comprehensive technical framework encompassing precise defect detection, on-site repair, enhanced protection measures, standardized processes, and effectiveness assurance—all aimed at delivering systematic technical references and decision support for power system operation and maintenance practices.展开更多
From the perspective of dynamic analysis of pile-soil contact stress,this paper investigates the load transfer law of combined reinforcement using anchor cable frames and anti-slide piles.It encompasses the load trans...From the perspective of dynamic analysis of pile-soil contact stress,this paper investigates the load transfer law of combined reinforcement using anchor cable frames and anti-slide piles.It encompasses the load transfer mechanism of the combined reinforcement using anchor cables and anti-slide piles,collaborative design judgment.and long-term performance prediction.The aim is to provide a reference for subsequent collaborative design and its application,thereby ensuring the effectiveness of the combined reinforcement.展开更多
As the“industrial blood vessel”of the national economy,wire and cable products underpin the safety of infrastructure and power systems.The rise of artificial intelligence(AI)is driving the transformation of cable qu...As the“industrial blood vessel”of the national economy,wire and cable products underpin the safety of infrastructure and power systems.The rise of artificial intelligence(AI)is driving the transformation of cable quality testing from manual operation to intelligent mode.As a major energy base in China,Shaanxi Province has formed a distinctive cable industrial cluster,yet faces prominent problems such as low intelligent quality test level and insufficient high-end supply.This paper sorts out the development status of Shaanxi’s wire and cable industry,analyzes the bottlenecks of traditional quality test technology,and elaborates the enabling value of AI from four dimensions:defect identification,non-destructive testing,whole-process quality control,and intelligent supervision.On this basis,it summarizes the practical challenges of AI-industry integration,and proposes targeted development paths including building a provincial AI quality test service center,promoting industry-university-research collaboration,upgrading industrial clusters,formulating local standards and constructing an intelligent supervision system,so as to provide references for the high-quality development of Shaanxi’s cable industry.展开更多
To investigate the wind⁃induced vibration re⁃sponse characteristics of multispan double⁃layer cable photo⁃voltaic(PV)support structures,wind tunnel tests using an aeroelastic model were carried out to obtain the wind⁃...To investigate the wind⁃induced vibration re⁃sponse characteristics of multispan double⁃layer cable photo⁃voltaic(PV)support structures,wind tunnel tests using an aeroelastic model were carried out to obtain the wind⁃induced vibration response data of a three⁃span four⁃row double⁃layer cable PV support system.The wind⁃induced vibration characteristics with different PV module tilt angles,wind speeds,and wind direction angles were analyzed.The results showed that the double⁃layer cable large⁃span flexible PV support can effectively control the wind⁃induced vibration response and prevent the occur⁃rence of flutter under strong wind conditions.The maxi⁃mum value of the wind⁃induced vibration displacement of the flexible PV support system occurs in the windward first row.The upstream module has a significant shading effect on the downstream module,with a maximum effect of 23%.The most unfavorable wind direction angles of the structure are 0°and 180°.The change of the wind direction angle in the range of 0°to 30°has little effect on the wind vi⁃bration response.The change in the tilt angle of the PV modules has a greater impact on the wind vibration in the downwind direction and a smaller impact in the upwind di⁃rection.Special attention should be paid to the structural wind⁃resistant design of such systems in the upwind side span.展开更多
The anchoring capacity of the anchor cable is closely related to the bonding length and radial pressure conditions.Through field pull-out tests,theoretical analysis,numerical simulation,and industrial tests,this study...The anchoring capacity of the anchor cable is closely related to the bonding length and radial pressure conditions.Through field pull-out tests,theoretical analysis,numerical simulation,and industrial tests,this study clarifies the relationship between radial pressure and bonding length for the ultimate pullout force and reveals the microscopic failure process of the resin-rock interface in the anchoring system.The results show that the ultimate load increases with the increase of bonding length in three different stages:rapid,slow,and uniform growth.The new mechanical model developed considering radial pressure describes the inverse relationship between radial pressure and the plastic zone on the bonding section,and quantifies the reinforcing effect of confining pressure on the anchoring force.During the pull-out process of the anchor cable,the generation of failure cracks is in the order of orifice,bottom,and middle of the hole.Radial pressure can effectively enhance the ultimate pull-out force,alleviate the oscillation increase of pull-out force,and inhibit resin cracking,but will produce an external crushing zone.It also reveals the synergistic effect between bonding length and radial pressure,and successfully carries out industrial tests of anchor cable support,which ensures the stability of the stope roof and provides an important reference for the design of anchor cable support in deep high-stress mines.展开更多
The impacts of natural boulders carried by debris flows pose serious risks to the safety and reliability of structures and buildings.Natural boulders can be highly random and unpredictable.Consequently,boulder control...The impacts of natural boulders carried by debris flows pose serious risks to the safety and reliability of structures and buildings.Natural boulders can be highly random and unpredictable.Consequently,boulder control during debris flows is crucial but difficult.Herein,an eco-friendly control system featuring anchoring natural boulders(NBs)with(negative Poisson's ratio)NPR anchor cables is proposed to form an NB-NPR baffle.A series of flume experiments are conducted to verify the effect of NB-NPR baffles on controlling debris flow impact.The deployment of NB-NPR baffles substantially influences the kinematic behavior of a debris flow,primarily in the form of changes in the depositional properties and impact intensities.The results show that the NB-NPR baffle matrix successfully controls boulder mobility and exhibits positive feedback on solid particle deposition.The NB-NPR baffle group exhibits a reduction in peak impact force ranging from 29%to 79%compared to that of the control group in the basic experiment.The NPR anchor cables play a significant role in the NB-NPR baffle by demonstrating particular characteristics,including consistent resistance,large deformation,and substantial energy absorption.The NB-NPR baffle innovatively utilizes the natural boulders in a debris flow gully by converting destructive boulders into constructive boulders.Overall,this research serves as a basis for future field experiments and applications.展开更多
The corrosion resistance of aluminum(Al)cable-copper(Cu)terminal joints fabricated by magnetic pulse crimping(MPC)and hydraulic clamp crimping(HCC)was compared.Performance degradation was evaluated by mechanical and e...The corrosion resistance of aluminum(Al)cable-copper(Cu)terminal joints fabricated by magnetic pulse crimping(MPC)and hydraulic clamp crimping(HCC)was compared.Performance degradation was evaluated by mechanical and electrical properties.Additionally,corrosion behavior was analyzed by electrochemical testing.Microscopic characterization was performed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS).Results show that the tensile strength of the corroded joints is reduced.However,due to the advantages of high-speed forming and contact tightness unique to MPC,the contact resistance of the corroded joints still maintains excellent.Electrochemical tests demonstrate that the MPC joints have higher corrosion potentials and smaller corrosion currents,providing better corrosion resistance.The formation of a primary battery between Al and Cu at the lap joint leads to the formation of severer corrosion pits.展开更多
Cabin cables,as critical components of an aircraft's electrical system,significantly impact the operational efficiency and safety of the aircraft.The existing cable segmentation methods in civil aviation cabins ar...Cabin cables,as critical components of an aircraft's electrical system,significantly impact the operational efficiency and safety of the aircraft.The existing cable segmentation methods in civil aviation cabins are limited,especially in automation,heavily dependent on large amounts of data and resources,lacking the flexibility to adapt to different scenarios.To address these challenges,this paper introduces a novel image segmentation model,CableSAM,specifically designed for automated segmentation of cabin cables.CableSAM improves segmentation efficiency and accuracy using knowledge distillation and employs a context ensemble strategy.It accurately segments cables in various scenarios with minimal input prompts.Comparative experiments on three cable datasets demonstrate that CableSAM surpasses other advanced cable segmentation methods in performance.展开更多
Frost heave and thaw settlement in cold regions pose a significant threat to engineering construction.Optical frequency domain reflectometry(OFDR)based on Rayleigh scattering can be applied to monitor ground deformati...Frost heave and thaw settlement in cold regions pose a significant threat to engineering construction.Optical frequency domain reflectometry(OFDR)based on Rayleigh scattering can be applied to monitor ground deformation in frozen soil areas,where the interface behavior of soil-embedded fiber optic sensors governs the monitoring accuracy.In this paper,a series of pullout tests were conducted on fiber optic(FO)cables embedded in the frozen soil to investigate the cable‒soil interface behavior.An experimental study was performed on interaction effects,particularly focused on the water content of unfrozen soil,freezing duration,and differential distribution of water content in frozen soil.The highresolution axial strains of FO cables were obtained using a sensing interrogator,and were used to calculate the interface shear stress.The interfacial mechanical response was analytically modeled using the ideal elasto‒plastic and softening constitutive models.Three freezing periods,correlating with the phase change process between ice and water,were analyzed.The results shows that the freezing effect can amplify the peak shear stress at the cable-soil interface by eight times.A criterion for the interface coupling states was proposed by normalizing the pullout force‒displacement information.Additionally,the applicability of existing theoretical models was discussed by comparing the results of theoretical back‒calculations with experimental measurements.This study provides new insights into the progressive interfacial failure behavior between strain sensing cable and frozen soil,which can be used to assist the interpretation of FO monitoring results of frozen soil deformation.展开更多
基金funded by the Science and Technology Project of the State Grid Corporation of China(5200-202455115A-1-1-ZN).
摘要A series of experiments was conducted to explore the influence of cable spacing on combustion characteristics in real cable installation,considering various external radiation intensities(30,50 kW/m2)and cable spacings(0,2.5,5 cm).A comparative analysis of the combustion characteristics(such as heat release rate(HRR),combustion gas,and mass loss)was conducted,and the HRR calculation for cables that were not fully filled in the sample tray was revised as well.It could be found that with the increasing radiation intensities,the peak concentrations of CO and CO2increased(O2concentration decreased),and the interval between the two peaks shortened.The HRR curves of cables with different spacings all presented two peaks under two radiation intensities.The max-peak HRR occurs at Dd=2.5 cm,and the double max-peak HRRs are 582 kW/m2and 407 kW/m2under radiation intensities of 50 kW/m2and 35 kW/m2,respectively.This is because when Dd=0 cm,the thermal feedback effect between cables is relatively enhanced,while the air entrainment between the cables is weakened.When Dd=5 cm,the thermal feedback effect is weakened.When Dd=2.5 cm,both the air entrainment and the thermal feedback are strengthened,and the peak HRR occurs.The above results could provide data to support fire safety design and the emergency response to cable laying.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U24A2088,42477166,and 42277174)。
摘要To effectively control the large deformation of the surrounding rock under complex conditions,it is often necessary to apply prestress to anchor cables.However,due to the influence of surrounding rock deformation,mining disturbance,and strong impact,anchor cables are often in a dynamic and static coupling stress state.Therefore,it is crucial to study the dynamic and static coupling mechanical characteristics of anchor cables.Based on this,the self-developed dynamic and static coupling test equipment is developed.The dynamic and static coupling mechanical test of anchor cables is conducted.Test results indicate that the energy absorption for anchor cables under the initial load of 350 kN decreased by 69.8%compared to the condition without initial load,and the energy absorption efficiency increased by 6.6 times.The increase of initial load can improve its energy absorption efficiency,but it can also lead to a decrease in its energy absorption.The energy absorption and energy absorption efficiency shows a bilinear variation law with the increase of initial load.On this basis,the energy absorption calculation formula and the support design model of the anchor cable are established.It provides new ideas for the safety control of dynamic disasters in deep engineering.
基金Basic Scientific Research Project of Liaoning Provincial Education Department under Grant No.JYTMS20230795Scientific Research Project of Shaanxi Provincial Transportation Department under Grant No.23-49K+1 种基金Scientific Research Project of Housing and Urban-Rural Development Department of Shaanxi Province under Grant No.2023-K21the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province under Grant No.2022-MS-399。
摘要The post-tensioned energy dissipating(PTED)connection for steel frames has drawn many researchers'attention for its good seismic performance.This particular cable is one of the key components of post-tensioned connections.However,the value of cable force can decrease due to creep in the cable and anchor systems.To evaluate seismic response by means of transient dynamic analysis,a simplified numerical model with a friction-damped,post-tensioned connection is used.The evolution patterns of the seismic response of friction-damped,post-tensioned steel frames(FDPT),along with a decrease in cable force,is systematically investigated.The interaction mechanisms between structural displacement and post-tensioning force variations were rigorously analyzed by utilizing advanced nonlinear simulations.The influence of initial PT force and friction force are revealed through parametrical analysis.Spectral decomposition techniques were employed to evaluate vibration characteristics across different excitation frequency bands.The results indicate that the intensity of seismic response generally increases with a decrease in cable force,especially for the condition in which the cable force approaches zero.The degradation of cable force caused by the creep of a cable and anchor system should be seriously considered.
基金Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(Grant No.20220817171811004)(Grant No.RCBS20231211090816033)+4 种基金the Major Key Project of PCL,China under Grant PCL2025A13Longgang District,Shenzhen's"Ten-Action Plan"for Supporting Innovation Projects(Grant No.LGKCSDPT2024002,LGKCSDPT2024003,LGKCSDPT2024004)the"Zhiguo"Action of Guangxi Science and Technology Program(Grant No.ZG2503980003)Guangdong S&T Program under(Grant No.2025B0909040003)Guangdong Provincial Leading Talent Program(Grant No.2024TX08Z319).
摘要The main cable is the primary load-bearing component of a suspension bridge,continuously exposed to harsh environmental conditions,such as wind and rain,throughout the year.These adverse conditions contribute to varying degrees of degradation and damage to the main cable,necessitating regular inspections to prevent catastrophic failures.Traditional manual inspection methods not only suffer from low efficiency but also pose significant safety risks to personnel.To address these challenges and ensure the safe and effective inspection of suspension bridge main cables,this study introduces a novel cooperative climbing robot,designated as Main Cable Robot Version II(CCRobot-M-II),inspired by the locomotion of the inchworm.The robot employs an alternating opening and closing mechanism of four gripper sets,mimicking the inchworm's movement to achieve efficient crawling along the suspension bridge handrails.This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the structural design,key components,and motion mechanisms of CCRobot-M-II.A detailed force analysis of the robot's crawling process is also presented,followed by the design of the control system and the development of an efficient motion control algorithm.Laboratory experiments demonstrate that the robot achieves a positional error of 00.64%during crawling,with a maximum average crawling speed of 7.6 m/min.Furthermore,the biomimetic design enables the robot to overcome obstacles up to 30 mm in height and possess the capability to handle suspension bridge cables with spans ranging from 740 to 1100 mm.Finally,CCRobot-M-II successfully conducted an inspection of the main cable on a suspension bridge,marking the world's first successful deployment of a climbing robot for main cable inspection on a suspension bridge.
摘要This study investigates the performance of high-strength cable bolts under impact loading conditions representative of rock bursts in underground environments.Although widely used,the dynamic behaviour of these cable bolts has received limited experimental attention,and their effectiveness in seismically active zones remains a subject of ongoing debate.To address this gap,a reverse pull-out test machine integrated with a drop hammer rig was employed.Tests were conducted on 70-t SUMO bulbed and non-bulbed cable bolts with encapsulation lengths of 300 and 450 mm,subjected to an impact energy of 14.52 k J.Results indicate that non-bulbed cables,despite showing lower initial peak loads(average 218 vs.328 k N for bulbed cables at 300 mm encapsulation),demonstrated superior energy absorption(average 11.26 vs.8.75 k J)and displacement capacity(average 48.40 vs.36.25 mm).Increasing the encapsulation length for bulbed cables led to a reduction in initial peak load but improved displacement and energy absorption.The dominant failure mechanism was debonding at the cable-grout interface,characterised by frictional sliding and cable rotation.These findings provide new insights into the energy dissipation mechanisms of cables and support the development of more resilient ground support systems for dynamically active conditions.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.UA24085)the Guizhou Provincial Major Scientificand Technological Program of China(Grant QKHZDZX[2024]029).
摘要Recognizing rock fracture precursors is critical for ensuring the safe and stable operation of deep underground engineering.The paper investigates the fracture mechanisms of Negative Poisson's Ratio material(NPR)and Poisson's Ratio material(PR)material anchored composite rock specimens(NCR&PCR)with different inclination angles in uniaxial compression test(UCT),monitored with acoustic emission(AE)and infrared(IR)thermography.A new index,Enhanced Infrared Matrix of Damage(EIMD),is defined by processing the noise-suppressed IR temperature matrices with Otsu thresholding,which highlights thermal anomalies associated with crack initiation and growth.On this basis,the correlative index Damage Infrared Energy Response(DIER)is further proposed,serving as a robust indicator of crack-induced radiative energy release.Based on these IR parameters,the integrated isolation forest model is constructed to identify anomaly points during damage evolution,enabling early failure prediction.Experimental results show that NCR exhibits 3.06%–6.2%higher peak strength than PCR across inclination angles of 15°–45°,and NCR-30°/45°retains residual load-bearing capacity through stress curve rebound.AE analyses reveal that PCR undergoes multiple sharp b-value drops in Stage Ⅲ,with an increasing inclination,whereas NCR maintains a rising b-value and a moderate Low Frequency(LF)ratio,reflecting an enhanced crack resistance ability.EIMD and DIER provide a reliable framework for quantifying rock damage,with anomalies in isolation forest prediction characterized by distinct DIER–EIMD patterns and crack morphologies.The integrated prediction model achieves early warning within 13–51 s(89%–99%peak stress(σpeak)),with NCR anomalies detected 6–10 s earlier than PCR,demonstrating the stabilizing role of NPR cables in delaying infrared precursors and restraining large-scale crack propagation.This study provides researchers with a new infrared thermography-based perspective for identifying precursors of rock fracture,offering a useful reference for future investigations on predicting the UCT failure behavior of anchored rocks.It also establishes an experimental and theoretical foundation for understanding the mechanical response and failure prediction of anchored composite roof strata in engineering applications.
基金funded by the National Key R&D Program of China,China(No.2024YFF0507903)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2024YFF0507904)the National Natural Science Foundation of China,China(Grant No.52379114).
摘要In-situ enlargement of super-large-span tunnels can intensify excavation-induced unloading in the surrounding rock,increasing deformation demand and failure risk during construction.This study combines laboratory model tests with FLAC3D simulations to evaluate the stabilizing role of prestressed anchor cables and to establish an energy-balance framework for support optimization.Comparative model tests of existing and enlarged tunnel sections,with and without anchors,show that reinforcement increases load-carrying capacity,reduces displacement,and confines damage to more localized zones.The numerical simulations reproduce displacement fields,shear-strain localization,and plastic-zone evolution with good agreement against the experimental observations.The energy framework is implemented in the in-situ simulations by quantifying unloading-related energy release in the rock mass and reinforcement work contributed by the anchors,and by introducing an energy release–reinforcement ratio as a stability indicator.Parametric analyses indicate that anchor length,spacing,and prestress influence stability in a nonlinear manner,with diminishing returns once reinforcement extends beyond the mechanically dominant deformation zone.An efficient parameter window is identified that improves deformation and yielding control while avoiding unnecessary reinforcement.The results provide an energy-consistent and design-oriented basis for prestressed anchorage selection in large-span tunnel expansion.
基金financially supported by the General Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52171279)Zhoushan Science&Technology Project(Grant No.2021C21002).
摘要The accurate detection of submarine pipelines and cables is essential for marine energy transmission.Current object detection algorithms exhibit limitations due to poor underwater visibility,complex seabed terrain,and dense occlusions,resulting in high false positive rates and missed detections.This study presents SPC-YOLO(Submarine Pipeline and Cable-YOLO),an enhanced object detection framework that combines YOLOv8 with the ByteTrack tracking algorithm.The framework introduces three key innovations:(1)Enhanced Feature Extraction:Integration of a Diverse Branch Block(DBB)into the backbone network to enhance multi-scale feature representation.(2)Adaptive Feature Learning:Replacement of the original C2f module with an Inverted Residual Mobile Block(iRMB)in the neck section,and implementation of a novel Dual Multi-Scale Attention(DMSA)mechanism for adaptive spatialcontextual feature fusion.(3)Training Optimization:Implementation of a Soft Intersection over Union(SIoU)loss function to improve bounding box regression accuracy.Additionally,the ByteTrack algorithm enables pipeline and cable tracking in video sequences.Extensive experiments on a real-world dataset from side-scan sonar videos in Bohai Bay demonstrate that SPC-YOLO achieves a precision of 93.3%,recall of 89.1%,and mean Average Precision(mAP)of 94.9%and 59.2%at IoU thresholds of 0.50 and 0.50:0.95,respectively.These results represent improvements of 6.9%,4.1%,4.6%,and 6.1%compared with YOLOv8,validating SPC-YOLO’s superior detection accuracy and robustness in challenging underwater environments and establishing a framework for surveillance and maintenance of critical seabed infrastructure.
基金support of the work addressed in this paper from the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(No.21DZ1204600).
摘要This paper presents a dynamic geometric digital twin creation method for cable-net structures in construction which creates the building information model(BIM)for construction process visualization and finite element model(FEM)for cable shape and force prediction.The basic dynamic geometric information for parametric BIMs and FEMs is extracted from multi-stage laser scanning during construction.Multi-stage BIMs are presented as Industry Foundation Classes(IFC)format where the cables are created by approximating the curved shapes with straight segments.Complex components like cable clamps are imported as Revit Family and replicated at the measured locations.Multi-stage FEMs utilize the ABAQUS secondary development technology to parametrize geometric configuration,loads and constraints between components based on actual connections.A continuous dynamic BIM from one stage to another can be created based on construction progress and the deformed shapes derived from synchronously updated FEM calculations.Total duration for modeling and computation of each stage in construction is within 140 s.The average distances between the multi-stage BIMs and point clouds are within 15–20 mm.The prediction deviations of cable shapes and forces between FEM results and the measured data of the next stage are 1.2%and 1.5%,which considers temperature and construction progress.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42307189 and 42030701)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2023M740974).
摘要The actively heated fiber-optic(AHFO)technology has emerged as a frontier and hotspot in soil water content measurement,offering advantages such as easy installation,large-scale distributed measurement capability,and resistance to electromagnetic interference.However,current AHFO water content sensors fail to simultaneously achieve high precision,applicability for deep soil,and automated real-time monitoring,thereby limiting their development and application.Therefore,this study introduces a novel actively heated fiber Bragg grating(AH-FBG)cable.Laboratory tests were conducted to assess the heating uniformity of the AH-FBG cable and to establish the temperature characteristic value(Tt)-soil water content(θ)calibration formula for water content measurement.Subsequently,AH-FBG cables were deployed for in situ soil water content monitoring in a test pit on the Loess Plateau.Through two-year monitoring data verified the accuracy of the AH-FBG cable and elucidated the spatiotemporal distribution of in situ loess water content.Laboratory results demonstrated superior heating uniformity of AHFBG cable,with a Tt standard deviation of approximately 0.3℃.In the field,the AH-FBG cable exhibited excellent performance in soil water content measurement,achieving a high accuracy of 0.023 cm3/cm3.Further analysis revealed that the θ fluctuation predominantly occurred within a 10 m depth from the soil surface,with an overall upward trend over the two-year monitoring period;the response of shallow θ to precipitation was significant but exhibited increasing hysteresis with depth;frequent precipitation significantly enhanced water infiltration depth.This study provides technical guidance for highprecision,quasi-distributed,automated and real-time water content measurement of deep soil.
摘要As the critical medium for electrical energy transmission, the reliability of power cables' insulation status directly impacts the safe and stable operation of power grids. Partial discharge serves as a key early indicator of insulation degradation, making online monitoring and timely insulation treatment essential for enhancing cable asset management and preventing operational failures. This paper systematically outlines the application landscape, core advantages, and implementation considerations of online partial discharge monitoring technologies for power cables, while providing detailed analyses of monitoring point placement principles, signal acquisition methods, data management strategies, and equipment maintenance requirements. Furthermore, the study focuses on pivotal insulation treatment technologies, examining a comprehensive technical framework encompassing precise defect detection, on-site repair, enhanced protection measures, standardized processes, and effectiveness assurance—all aimed at delivering systematic technical references and decision support for power system operation and maintenance practices.
基金Science and Technology Research Project of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission:Study on Load Distribution Mechanism of Combined Reinforcement of Slopes Using Anchor Cables and Anti-Slide Piles(KJQN-202501903)。
摘要From the perspective of dynamic analysis of pile-soil contact stress,this paper investigates the load transfer law of combined reinforcement using anchor cable frames and anti-slide piles.It encompasses the load transfer mechanism of the combined reinforcement using anchor cables and anti-slide piles,collaborative design judgment.and long-term performance prediction.The aim is to provide a reference for subsequent collaborative design and its application,thereby ensuring the effectiveness of the combined reinforcement.
摘要As the“industrial blood vessel”of the national economy,wire and cable products underpin the safety of infrastructure and power systems.The rise of artificial intelligence(AI)is driving the transformation of cable quality testing from manual operation to intelligent mode.As a major energy base in China,Shaanxi Province has formed a distinctive cable industrial cluster,yet faces prominent problems such as low intelligent quality test level and insufficient high-end supply.This paper sorts out the development status of Shaanxi’s wire and cable industry,analyzes the bottlenecks of traditional quality test technology,and elaborates the enabling value of AI from four dimensions:defect identification,non-destructive testing,whole-process quality control,and intelligent supervision.On this basis,it summarizes the practical challenges of AI-industry integration,and proposes targeted development paths including building a provincial AI quality test service center,promoting industry-university-research collaboration,upgrading industrial clusters,formulating local standards and constructing an intelligent supervision system,so as to provide references for the high-quality development of Shaanxi’s cable industry.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52338011).
摘要To investigate the wind⁃induced vibration re⁃sponse characteristics of multispan double⁃layer cable photo⁃voltaic(PV)support structures,wind tunnel tests using an aeroelastic model were carried out to obtain the wind⁃induced vibration response data of a three⁃span four⁃row double⁃layer cable PV support system.The wind⁃induced vibration characteristics with different PV module tilt angles,wind speeds,and wind direction angles were analyzed.The results showed that the double⁃layer cable large⁃span flexible PV support can effectively control the wind⁃induced vibration response and prevent the occur⁃rence of flutter under strong wind conditions.The maxi⁃mum value of the wind⁃induced vibration displacement of the flexible PV support system occurs in the windward first row.The upstream module has a significant shading effect on the downstream module,with a maximum effect of 23%.The most unfavorable wind direction angles of the structure are 0°and 180°.The change of the wind direction angle in the range of 0°to 30°has little effect on the wind vi⁃bration response.The change in the tilt angle of the PV modules has a greater impact on the wind vibration in the downwind direction and a smaller impact in the upwind di⁃rection.Special attention should be paid to the structural wind⁃resistant design of such systems in the upwind side span.
基金Financial supports for this work,provided by the National Natural Science Foundation Project of China(No.52374152)the Guangxi Science and Technology Plan Project of China(No.2022AB31023)the National Basic Research Development Program of China(No.2022YFC2904602)are gratefully acknowledged。
摘要The anchoring capacity of the anchor cable is closely related to the bonding length and radial pressure conditions.Through field pull-out tests,theoretical analysis,numerical simulation,and industrial tests,this study clarifies the relationship between radial pressure and bonding length for the ultimate pullout force and reveals the microscopic failure process of the resin-rock interface in the anchoring system.The results show that the ultimate load increases with the increase of bonding length in three different stages:rapid,slow,and uniform growth.The new mechanical model developed considering radial pressure describes the inverse relationship between radial pressure and the plastic zone on the bonding section,and quantifies the reinforcing effect of confining pressure on the anchoring force.During the pull-out process of the anchor cable,the generation of failure cracks is in the order of orifice,bottom,and middle of the hole.Radial pressure can effectively enhance the ultimate pull-out force,alleviate the oscillation increase of pull-out force,and inhibit resin cracking,but will produce an external crushing zone.It also reveals the synergistic effect between bonding length and radial pressure,and successfully carries out industrial tests of anchor cable support,which ensures the stability of the stope roof and provides an important reference for the design of anchor cable support in deep high-stress mines.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41941018).
摘要The impacts of natural boulders carried by debris flows pose serious risks to the safety and reliability of structures and buildings.Natural boulders can be highly random and unpredictable.Consequently,boulder control during debris flows is crucial but difficult.Herein,an eco-friendly control system featuring anchoring natural boulders(NBs)with(negative Poisson's ratio)NPR anchor cables is proposed to form an NB-NPR baffle.A series of flume experiments are conducted to verify the effect of NB-NPR baffles on controlling debris flow impact.The deployment of NB-NPR baffles substantially influences the kinematic behavior of a debris flow,primarily in the form of changes in the depositional properties and impact intensities.The results show that the NB-NPR baffle matrix successfully controls boulder mobility and exhibits positive feedback on solid particle deposition.The NB-NPR baffle group exhibits a reduction in peak impact force ranging from 29%to 79%compared to that of the control group in the basic experiment.The NPR anchor cables play a significant role in the NB-NPR baffle by demonstrating particular characteristics,including consistent resistance,large deformation,and substantial energy absorption.The NB-NPR baffle innovatively utilizes the natural boulders in a debris flow gully by converting destructive boulders into constructive boulders.Overall,this research serves as a basis for future field experiments and applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.52175315)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program,China (No.KQTD20200820113110016)the Hunan Provincial Postgraduate Research Innovation Program,China (No.CX20220404)。
摘要The corrosion resistance of aluminum(Al)cable-copper(Cu)terminal joints fabricated by magnetic pulse crimping(MPC)and hydraulic clamp crimping(HCC)was compared.Performance degradation was evaluated by mechanical and electrical properties.Additionally,corrosion behavior was analyzed by electrochemical testing.Microscopic characterization was performed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS).Results show that the tensile strength of the corroded joints is reduced.However,due to the advantages of high-speed forming and contact tightness unique to MPC,the contact resistance of the corroded joints still maintains excellent.Electrochemical tests demonstrate that the MPC joints have higher corrosion potentials and smaller corrosion currents,providing better corrosion resistance.The formation of a primary battery between Al and Cu at the lap joint leads to the formation of severer corrosion pits.
基金supported by the Innovation Foundation of National Commercial Aircraft Manufacturing Engineering Technology Research Center(No.COMAC-SFGS-2022-1877)in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.92048301)。
摘要Cabin cables,as critical components of an aircraft's electrical system,significantly impact the operational efficiency and safety of the aircraft.The existing cable segmentation methods in civil aviation cabins are limited,especially in automation,heavily dependent on large amounts of data and resources,lacking the flexibility to adapt to different scenarios.To address these challenges,this paper introduces a novel image segmentation model,CableSAM,specifically designed for automated segmentation of cabin cables.CableSAM improves segmentation efficiency and accuracy using knowledge distillation and employs a context ensemble strategy.It accurately segments cables in various scenarios with minimal input prompts.Comparative experiments on three cable datasets demonstrate that CableSAM surpasses other advanced cable segmentation methods in performance.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2023YFF1303501)the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of China(Grant No.42225702)the Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering(Grant No.SKLFSE201814).
摘要Frost heave and thaw settlement in cold regions pose a significant threat to engineering construction.Optical frequency domain reflectometry(OFDR)based on Rayleigh scattering can be applied to monitor ground deformation in frozen soil areas,where the interface behavior of soil-embedded fiber optic sensors governs the monitoring accuracy.In this paper,a series of pullout tests were conducted on fiber optic(FO)cables embedded in the frozen soil to investigate the cable‒soil interface behavior.An experimental study was performed on interaction effects,particularly focused on the water content of unfrozen soil,freezing duration,and differential distribution of water content in frozen soil.The highresolution axial strains of FO cables were obtained using a sensing interrogator,and were used to calculate the interface shear stress.The interfacial mechanical response was analytically modeled using the ideal elasto‒plastic and softening constitutive models.Three freezing periods,correlating with the phase change process between ice and water,were analyzed.The results shows that the freezing effect can amplify the peak shear stress at the cable-soil interface by eight times.A criterion for the interface coupling states was proposed by normalizing the pullout force‒displacement information.Additionally,the applicability of existing theoretical models was discussed by comparing the results of theoretical back‒calculations with experimental measurements.This study provides new insights into the progressive interfacial failure behavior between strain sensing cable and frozen soil,which can be used to assist the interpretation of FO monitoring results of frozen soil deformation.