Since sulfur oxides in the engine exhaust usually lead to the catalyst deactivation,so SO2 resistance under low-temperature conditions serves as a critical performance criterion to the catalysts.A series of ZrVO_(x...Since sulfur oxides in the engine exhaust usually lead to the catalyst deactivation,so SO2 resistance under low-temperature conditions serves as a critical performance criterion to the catalysts.A series of ZrVOx@CeO2 catalysts with excellent catalytic activity and SO2 tolerance was synthesized using the combination of hydrothermal and precipitation methods for the ammonia selective catalytic reduction(NH3-SCR)reaction.In the range of 160-380℃,the NO conversion is consistently over 90%.Notably,with the addition of 200 ppm SO2,the NO conversion stabilizes at 90%within 10 h at 230℃.The CeO2 species are deposited as fine particles on the catalyst surface,forming irregular spherical protrusions.This morphology significantly increases the specific surface area,which in turn enhances the activation and adsorption of reactant.The incorporation of CeO2 modifies the electronic structure of the O 1s orbital,and generates a higher density of oxygen vacancies to maintain electrostatic equilibrium.In situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy(DRIFTs)shows that SO2 has little effect on the adsorption and activation of NO and NH3.Therefore,the ZrVOx@CeO2 catalysts exhibit excellent reducibility,effectively enhancing the catalytic performance.Overall,the main mechanism on the ZrVOx@CeO2 catalyst is the Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism.展开更多
Converting CO2 to CH4 under mild conditions represents a promising strategy for carbon emission reduction and synthetic natural gas production,yet it remains challenging.In this work,we accelerated low-temperatu...Converting CO2 to CH4 under mild conditions represents a promising strategy for carbon emission reduction and synthetic natural gas production,yet it remains challenging.In this work,we accelerated low-temperature CO2 hydrogenation over Ni-CeO2 catalysts by optimizing metal-support interactions through H2-driven reconstruction.The catalyst reduced at 400℃(Ni-CeO2-400R)achieved 84.3%CO2conversion with 100%CH4 selectivity even at a low temperature of 250℃.Various in situ spectroscopic characterizations(X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),Raman,and diffused reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy(DRIFTS))and H2/D2 isotopic exchange experiments reveal that the appropriate interaction in Ni-CeO2 motivates the dispersion of metallic Ni sites and the generation of oxygen vacancies,thereby promoting the activation of H2 and CO2 molecules,respectively.Therefore,CO2 is efficiently adsorbed and converted into reactive intermediates and finally hydrogenated to CH4through carbonyl and formate pathways simultaneously.These findings underscore the critical role of tailored metal-support interactions in designing advanced CO2 hydrogenation catalysts.展开更多
Converting CO2to CH4 under mild conditions is a promising strategy for solving environmental and energy problems,but also a challenge.In this work,the low-temperature CO2 hydrogenation process over Ni/CeO2 ca...Converting CO2to CH4 under mild conditions is a promising strategy for solving environmental and energy problems,but also a challenge.In this work,the low-temperature CO2 hydrogenation process over Ni/CeO2 catalysts was significantly accelerated by optimizing the H2 dissociation ability of Ni through the size effect,thus A-Ni/CeO2 with an average size of 4.9 nm achieved 83.4%CO2conversion with~100%CH4 selectivity even at 225℃.Systematic H2/D2 isotopic exchange experiments,in situ spectroscopic characterizations,and density functional theory(DFT)calculations reveal that the enhanced H2 activation ability not only promoted the creation of oxygen vacancies and hydroxyl group favorable for CO2 adsorption/activation in the pre-reduction process,but also the simultaneous hydrogenation of reactive intermediates belonging to carbonyl and formate pathway into CH4 in the reaction process.This fundamental understanding of the H2 dissociation effect on CO2 activation and hydrogenation provides critical insights for designing catalysts with considerable low-temperature activity,which significantly reduces energy consumption and operating costs for industrial CO2 conversion.展开更多
Natural gas vehicles(NGVs)offer significant environmental advantages by reducing pollutant emissions,but effective exhaust treatment remains a challenge due to high methane emissions and catalyst deactivation over tim...Natural gas vehicles(NGVs)offer significant environmental advantages by reducing pollutant emissions,but effective exhaust treatment remains a challenge due to high methane emissions and catalyst deactivation over time.This study introduces a core-shell Pd@CeO2/Al2O3 three-way catalyst(TWC)designed to enhance the efficiency and durability of NGV exhaust treatment.The core-shell structure significantly improves catalytic performance.The optimized Pd@Ce/Al(S-500)catalyst demonstrates excellent low-temperature activity,with T50 values of 336℃ for CH4 and 397℃ for NO.It also achieves remarkable reductions of 113 and 177℃ in the T90 for CH4 and NO conversion,respectively,compared to the non-core-shell counterpart,Pd-Ce/Al(S-500).Characterizations reveal enhanced metal-support interactions,increased oxygen vacancies,and optimized Pd-CeO2 interfaces as key active sites.Density functional theory calculations further demonstrate that the core-shell structure facilitates electron transfer at Pd-CeO2 interfaces and lowers energy barriers for three-way reactions,enhancing catalytic efficiency.Notably,the core-shell Pd@Ce/Al(S-500)catalyst maintains high conversion efficiency for CH4 and NO,with only slight losses(5.5% and 6.6%,respectively)over a 100-h time-on-stream stability test,following 16 h of harsh hydrothermal aging at 800℃,showcasing its long-term stability.These findings provide a deeper understanding of the role of the core-shell Pd@CeO2 structure in Pd-based TWCs and offer valuable insights for designing durable and efficient catalysts to meet the stringent emission standards of NGVs.展开更多
To enhance the low-temperature activity and anti-sintering performance of Ni-based catalysts for CO methanation,mesoporous CeO2supports with a confined structure were synthesized via a hydrothermal method.The effec...To enhance the low-temperature activity and anti-sintering performance of Ni-based catalysts for CO methanation,mesoporous CeO2supports with a confined structure were synthesized via a hydrothermal method.The effects of three Ni loading methods—incipient wetness impregnation,co-precipitation,and bis(cyclopentadienyl)nickel sublimation—on catalytic performance were systematically compared.Characterization techniques,including X-ray diffraction(XRD),N2 adsorption-desorption test,hydrogen temperature-programmed reduction(H2-TPR),Xray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),and transmission electron microscopy(TEM),revealed the critical influence of the loading method on Ni species dispersion,particle size,and metal-support interaction.The results indicated that all three mesoporous Ni/CeO2catalysts exhibited excellent anti-sintering properties due to the confinement effect of the support.However,their low-temperature activities differed significantly,primarily determined by the specific state of Ni.In the NC-B catalyst prepared by bis(cyclopentadienyl)nickel sublimation,the interaction between Ni species and the support was relatively weak.After reduction,this method yielded highly dispersed metallic Ni nanoparticles,increasing the number of low-temperature active sites.Consequently,the NC-B catalyst achieved 98%CO conversion rate and 100%CH4 selectivity at 300℃,demonstrating the optimal low-temperature methanation performance.展开更多
The most effective technology used for NOx removal is selective catalytic reduction with ammonia(NH3-SCR).In contrast to the conventional V2O5-WO3/TiO2 catalyst,cerium-tungsten-titanium oxides catalysts we...The most effective technology used for NOx removal is selective catalytic reduction with ammonia(NH3-SCR).In contrast to the conventional V2O5-WO3/TiO2 catalyst,cerium-tungsten-titanium oxides catalysts were prepared,which significantly broaden the SCR activity window while avoiding the vanadium biotoxicity.The monolithic WO3/CeO2-TiO2-CC catalyst with over 85%NOx conversion in the 275-475℃ range is found by changing the loading sequence of CeO2 and WO3.And it exhibits excellent H2O resistance,maintaining 90%NOx conversion at 325℃.The preferential loading of the redox CeO2 boosts the increase of the surface adsorbed oxygen content and Ce3+ratio.Meanwhile,WO3/CeO2-TiO2-CC exhibits excellent acidity,which facilitates the NH3 adsorption.In situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy(DRIFTs)experiments demonstrate that changing the loading sequence of the active components affects the rate of Lewis acid sites consumption and SCR reaction.The negative effect of SO2+O2 adsorption on the catalysts is also demonstrated.SO2 is more likely to be oxidized to SO3 on the CeO2/WO3-TiO2-CC and WO3/CeO2-TiO2-CC,resulting in the formation of metal sulphates and decreasing the catalytic performance.SOx affects the L-H pathway on the three catalysts(CeO2/WO3-TiO2-CC,WO3/CeO2-TiO2-CC and CeO2-WO3/TiO2-CC),and affects the E-R pathway on the WO3/CeO2-TiO2-CC catalyst.Above results indicate that adjusting the binding sequence of CeO2 and WO3 with TiO2 changes the catalysts'redox and acidic properties.展开更多
SO2-induced MnCeOxcatalyst severe deactivation for low-temperature deNOxremains an intractable issue.In this study,the molar ratio of Nb/Fe was innovatively tuned to enhance the SO2tolerance of Nb and Fe c...SO2-induced MnCeOxcatalyst severe deactivation for low-temperature deNOxremains an intractable issue.In this study,the molar ratio of Nb/Fe was innovatively tuned to enhance the SO2tolerance of Nb and Fe co-doped MnCeOxcatalysts.The Nb7Fe3MnCeOxcatalyst shows optimal catalytic performance advantages,achieving over 90%nitrogen oxide conversion and outstanding N2selectivity within a broad activity temperature range(150-250℃),and also admirable SO2-tolerant performance at 250℃.Detailed experimental results indicate that the strong electron transfer among Fe,Ce and Mn species helps to induce the production of surface oxygen vacancy and accelerate redox cycling,and thus improves the catalytic performance at low temperatures.Moreover,in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy(DRIFTS)experiments unveil the potential SO2tolerance mechanism of the Nb7Fe3MnCeOxcatalyst.Although the Langmuir-Hinshelwood pathway is somewhat constrained after sample sulfation,the Eley-Rideal pathway greatly facilitates the strongly adsorbed ammonia and NO molecules to undergo the selective catalytic reduction(SCR)reaction.The NO molecules are not required to be weakly adsorbed on the Nb7Fe3MnCeOxcatalyst surface as reactive nitrates,thereby relieving the negative effect of sulfation for NOxremoval.展开更多
The CO2 electroreduction reaction(CO2RR)is a promising approach of using renewable electricity to synthesize fuels and value-added chemicals.At present,Cu is generally considered to be the major monometallic cat...The CO2 electroreduction reaction(CO2RR)is a promising approach of using renewable electricity to synthesize fuels and value-added chemicals.At present,Cu is generally considered to be the major monometallic catalyst capable of producing multicarbon products(C2+)with high current densities from the CO2RR,but it still suffers from the low activity and high overpotential.The challenge of sluggish CO2RR kinetics can be overcome by developing efficient Cu-based catalysts,which undergo the dynamic evolution during the reaction process.The dynamic evolution of the Cu-based catalysts taking place under working conditions makes it difficult to study the structure-activity correlation and reaction mechanism present during CO2RR.Recently,a number of important works have observed and revealed the dynamic evolution process of Cu-based catalysts by operando characterization techniques.This aspect,however,remains less summarized and prospected in the CO2RR literature.In this Review,we summarize the dynamic evolution of Cu-based catalysts during the CO2RR from aspects of structure,composition and oxidation state.We highlight the correlations between evolution behaviors and catalytic properties.Then,we discuss the dynamic deactivation process of Cu-based catalysts during CO2RR,including metal impurities contamination and carbon accumulation.In particular,we introduce recent advancements in in situ characterization techniques those are employed to probe the dynamic evolution under operating conditions.We end the Review by outlining the challenges and offering personal perspectives on the future development opportunities in this field.展开更多
Direct synthesis of dimethyl carbonate(DMC)from CO2 is critical for achieving carbon neutrality,yet the sluggish formation and conversion of the key*CH₃OCOO intermediate-due to the difficulty of C-O coupling-limit ...Direct synthesis of dimethyl carbonate(DMC)from CO2 is critical for achieving carbon neutrality,yet the sluggish formation and conversion of the key*CH₃OCOO intermediate-due to the difficulty of C-O coupling-limit high DMC yields.Herein,we developed a boric acid-assisted recrystallization strategy to fabricate grain-boundary-rich CeO2 hollow nanospheres,which serve as an efficient catalyst for CO2 to DMC synthesis.The introduction of grain-boundary(GBs)induced the electron redistribution,which led a decrease in the electron density of bulk Ce ions and created a localized electron-rich region at homogeneous interface.This unique electronic landscape promoted reactive methoxy formation and stronger CO2 adsorption,thereby enabling more efficient coupling of*CH3O and*CO2 to form the*CH3OCOO.Concurrently,the enhanced CO2 adsorption facilitated the dissociation of*CH3OCOO and subsequent DMC formation.As a result,the 4%BCeO2-GBs achieved an advantageous DMC yield of 19.8 mmol/g.In the assistance of dehydrating agent,the catalyst delivered a remarkable 264.2 mmol/g DMC yield and 7.12%methanol conversion,which was 32 times higher than commercial CeO2.This study elucidated the intrinsic mechanisms governing*CH3OCOO intermediate behavior and offers valuable guidance for CO2 converting into high-value organic chemicals.展开更多
The electrochemical CO2reduction reaction(CO2RR)can convert CO2into high value-added chemicals,which is conducive to improving climate change and energy crisis.Rare earth single-atom catalysts(SACs)have recen...The electrochemical CO2reduction reaction(CO2RR)can convert CO2into high value-added chemicals,which is conducive to improving climate change and energy crisis.Rare earth single-atom catalysts(SACs)have recently been widely studied in the field of CO2reduction due to their unique properties.Herein,a series of rare earth single-atom metals(abbreviated as RM,which are Sc,Y,La,Ce,Pr,Nd,Sm,Eu,Gd,Tb,Dy,Ho,Er,Tm,Yb,Lu)supported on C2N were designed and systematically studied for their CO2RR performance.Results show that CH4is the main product on RM@C2N and the limiting potentials are in range of-0.46 to-0.61 V except for Eu@C2N and Yb@C2N.Among them,Tb@C2N,Sm@C2N,and Gd@C2N show high activity and selectivity with limiting potentials of-0.46,-0.47,and-0.48 V.The binding energy of adsorbed oxygen atoms on rare earth SACs can be used as a good descriptor of activity from volcano plot.These results provide insights into the design of rare earth catalysts for CO2RR and valuable guidance for screening single-atom catalysts in theory.展开更多
Ti-based catalysts have been identified to be efficient in enhancing hydrogenation and dehydrogenation(de/hydrogenation)kinetics of Mg/MgH2.However,their catalytic activity is constrained by the strong Ti-H bond an...Ti-based catalysts have been identified to be efficient in enhancing hydrogenation and dehydrogenation(de/hydrogenation)kinetics of Mg/MgH2.However,their catalytic activity is constrained by the strong Ti-H bond and chemical instability.Herein,we demonstrate that TMOx@Ti-MgO(TM=Mn and Cu)composite catalysts can simultaneously enhance hydrogen dissociation,diffusion and nucleation processes.MgH2 catalyzed by TMOx@Ti-MgO released 6.03-6.14 wt.%H2 within 5 min at 280℃ and 0.89-1.12 wt.%H2 within 60 min at 180℃.The partially oxidized Ti2+and Ti3+states are stabilized in MgO lattice,accelerating hydrogen adsorption,dissociation and diffusion processes.The TMOx,additionally,serve as the active center for nucleation,further improving de/hydrogenation reactions.The TMOx@Ti-MgO catalysts are characterized by high chemical stability,realizing improved cycle properties.These findings suggest a new approach to achieving controllable Catalyst-Hydrogen bond strengths and optimizing performance in de/hydrogenation reactions.展开更多
CuZnAl(CZA)is a classic industrial catalyst widely used for the synthesis of methanol from syngas,but its catalytic performance is not optimal for the hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol.Meanwhile,understanding the ca...CuZnAl(CZA)is a classic industrial catalyst widely used for the synthesis of methanol from syngas,but its catalytic performance is not optimal for the hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol.Meanwhile,understanding the catalytic mechanism of Cu species in the CZA catalyst remains a great challenge.In this study,we systematically investigated the valence state change of active Cu species in CZA catalyst and their influence on catalytic performance by modifying the catalysts with varying amounts of electron donor K,thus identifying the catalytic function of Cu species with different valence states.H2-TPR,XPS and HR-TEM characterizations reveal that the highly dispersed K species supported on CZA catalysts will inhibit the reduction of CuO,resulting in a small amount of Cu2O active species being produced under reaction conditions thus causing a decrease in catalytic activity.Furthermore,XRD and Cu LMM spectra show that the proportion of Cu0 in K-modified CZA catalysts increases with K loading,but a higher proportion of Cu0 species on the surface obviously promotes the reverse water gas shift(RWGS)reaction.According to the results of in situ infrared spectroscopy,CZA catalyst follows the reaction pathway mediated by HCOO*in the hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol.展开更多
The development of efficient catalysts for the electrocatalytic CO reduction reaction toward high-value C2products is critical for addressing pressing energy and environmental challenges.Dual-metal catalysts have e...The development of efficient catalysts for the electrocatalytic CO reduction reaction toward high-value C2products is critical for addressing pressing energy and environmental challenges.Dual-metal catalysts have emerged as promising candidates due to their potential to facilitate C−C coupling,a key step in C2product formation.However,their activity and selectivity are highly dependent on the charge states of the active sites.Modulating asymmetric charge distribution between metal centers offers a viable strategy to enhance C−C coupling efficiency and product selectivity.In this study,we employ density functional theory to investigate heteronuclear dual-atom catalysts(DACs)anchored on ferroelectric In2Se3and impact of polarization on charge states of metal sites.We find that Pd−Nb and Rh−Nb DACs form spatially separated charge centers with opposite signs,which significantly reduce the energy barrier for C−C coupling compared to homonuclear Nb−Nb DACs,enabling thermodynamically favorable C−C bond formation.The Coulomb interaction between oppositely charged centers is identified as a key descriptor governing C−C coupling efficiency.Furthermore,ferroelectric polarization switching of In2Se3offers dynamic modulation of reaction pathways and product selectivity.Pd−Nb@In2Se3under downward polarization(P↓)favors ethane formation with a limiting potential of−1.06 eV,whereas upward polarization(P↑)shifts the reaction toward an alternative C−C coupling pathway with a higher overpotential(−1.47 eV).Similarly,Rh−Nb@In2Se3selectively produces ethanol under P↓,but methane under P↑.Importantly,both Pd−Nb and Rh−Nb DACs exhibit stronger CO adsorption than H adsorption,favoring CORR over the competing hydrogen evolution reaction.These findings underscore the potential of ferroelectric DACs as tunable and selective catalysts for CORR,offering a compelling strategy for the rational design of next-generation electrocatalysts for decarbonization.展开更多
The hydrogenation of carbon dioxide(CO2)to methane(CH4)has become an effective strategy for reducing greenhouse gas emissions due to its high efficiencyand low cost,and ordered mesoporous materials have received...The hydrogenation of carbon dioxide(CO2)to methane(CH4)has become an effective strategy for reducing greenhouse gas emissions due to its high efficiencyand low cost,and ordered mesoporous materials have received considerable interest in CO2methanation applications because of their large specificsurface area and well-ordered pore structure.Herein,a series of the Ce-modifiedordered mesoporous catalysts(NiCe/Al2O3)were prepared through a one-pot approach,and the influenceof Ce doping on the morphology and structure of the catalysts as well as the CO2methanation performance were investigated in detail.The XRD and TEM data revealed that the introduction of Ce could effectively lower the particle size of Ni active components and advance the dispersion of Ni species.The H2-TPR profilesdemonstrated that Ce doping facilitated the catalyst's reduction by greatly decreasing its reduction temperature.In addition,the CO2-TPD and XPS data indicated that the incorporation of Ce provided sufficientbasic sites for CO2activation and adsorption,and the oxygen vacancies of the Cedoped Ni-based catalysts were significantlyenhanced.Obviously,the catalyst 30Ni10Ce/Al2O3achieved the outstanding catalytic performance,achieving CO2conversion of 90.7%and CH4 selectivity of 99.8% at 375℃,and even after 60 h of continuous reaction,it still maintained the stable catalytic activity,which suggested that the Ce-doped Ni-based catalysts can offer significantpromising applications in CO2methanation.展开更多
The catalytic conversion of carbon dioxide to methanol is of great practical and scientific importance in the concept of reducing CO2emissions.Moreover,it can partially solve the problem of human dependence on non-...The catalytic conversion of carbon dioxide to methanol is of great practical and scientific importance in the concept of reducing CO2emissions.Moreover,it can partially solve the problem of human dependence on non-renewable resources.The development of selective and active catalysts for CO2hydrogenation is a key point due to the strong thermodynamic limitations and high chemical stability of CO2.In this work,the influence of the nature of the mesoporous supports,as well as the method of introducing the active component,on the catalytic properties of Cu–Zn catalysts in the CO2hydrogenation to methanol were investigated.A series of bimetallic Cu-Zn catalysts deposited on mesoporous MCM-41 and SBA-15 supports were prepared by two methods:encapsu-lation and incipient wetness impregnation.The obtained catalysts were characterized by N2adsorption,X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(SEM-EDX),and ther-mogravimetry-differential thermal analysis(TG-DTA)methods.The highest CO2conversion and methanol space-time yield were observed over the encapsulated Cu–Zn catalyst based on the MCM-41 support.The optimal process temperature was 280℃,at which a high selectivity of 92%methanol formation was achieved while maintaining the best CO2conversion.The study demonstrates the prospects of using bimetallic Cu-Zn catalysts encapsulated in MCM-41 for direct CO2hydrogenation for“green”methanol production.展开更多
CO preferential oxidation (CO-PROX) in rich H2 is considered a feasible strategy to solve CO poisoning for fuel cells,but obtaining good activity at low temperatures is still a challenge.Herein,three-dimensional or...CO preferential oxidation (CO-PROX) in rich H2 is considered a feasible strategy to solve CO poisoning for fuel cells,but obtaining good activity at low temperatures is still a challenge.Herein,three-dimensional ordered macroporous (3DOM) CuO/CeO2 catalysts were fabricated by a templating approach,with the metal-support interaction (MSI) adjusted through active metal loading.The 10CuO/CeO2 catalyst achieves complete CO conversion at 110℃ and demonstrates excellent stability.Characterization studies have shown that the 10CuO/CeO2 catalyst has abundant active sites and oxygen vacancies;this phenomenon could potentially be attributed to the synergistic effects arising from the MSI between CuO and CeO2.Moreover,in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectra (in situ DRIFTS) were used to identify the intermediates and confirm that appropriate MSI enhances CO adsorption and activation.The findings of this study make significant contributions to the advancement of 3DOM CuO/CeO2 catalysts for CO-PROX and establish a promising strategy for optimizing the MSI in supported catalyst systems.展开更多
Elucidating the active site formation mechanism of bismuth(Bi)-based catalysts in electrochemical CO2reduction remains challenging for achieving high activity,selectivity,and long-term stability.Here we confirm thr...Elucidating the active site formation mechanism of bismuth(Bi)-based catalysts in electrochemical CO2reduction remains challenging for achieving high activity,selectivity,and long-term stability.Here we confirm through experimental results that Bi-based catalysts containing halogen ions(I-,Cl-,Br-)and SO42-maintain the system stability,keeping Faraday efficiency of formic acid above90%in the current range of 50-800 mA cm-2.In contrast,anions containing S2-and NO3-in the electrolyte can be reduced to produce by-products.These anions and their by-products could poison the active center,leading to increased side reactions and thus significantly reducing the Faraday efficiency of formic acid.The combination of non-in situ and in situ characterization results revealed that the Bi-based catalysts all underwent the transition from the initial state to the Bi/Bi2O2CO3(BOC)intermediate state in high-concentration KHCO3 solution,and the different anions could selectively modulate the degree of exposure of specific crystalline surfaces of BOC.At the late stage of the reaction,BOC was completely converted to metal Bi and became the real active center.Combined with in situ IR and DFT calculations,it is further verified that*OCHO is the key intermediate on the metallic Bi surface,which is most favorable for formic acid formation.This study reveals the key mechanism by which anions affect the formation of active sites via modulating the catalyst reconstruction process,which provides an important theoretical basis for the design and optimization of test conditions of Bi-based catalysts.展开更多
Electrochemical reduction of CO2 to multi-carbon products(e.g.,C2+ ,ethene,ethanol,etc.)not only effectively decreases the CO2 concentration in atmosphere but also shows great potential economic benefits due ...Electrochemical reduction of CO2 to multi-carbon products(e.g.,C2+ ,ethene,ethanol,etc.)not only effectively decreases the CO2 concentration in atmosphere but also shows great potential economic benefits due to these exploitable value-added products.The Cu-based catalysts have caught much attention in CO2 electroreduction due to the good selectivity to hydrocarbons products.However,designing appropriate Cu-based catalysts is desirable to further improve the energy efficiency and selectivity of specific C2+ product.In this review,primary pathways of CO2 electroreduction to C2+ products are first discussed to summarize the key elementary steps of C2+ products formation.Subsequently,various strategies of catalytic activity regulation of Cu-based catalysts are classified into geometric and electronic structures modification based on the inner correlation between these strategies and the mechanism of C2+ products formation.The review ends with a cross-scale perspective that links the selectivity enhancement of a specific C2+ product and the target design of Cu-based catalysts.展开更多
Integrating electrochemical CO2 conversion with carbon capture extends the CO2 source beyond pure or point-source streams.By directly interfacing with capture units,reactive CO2 capture electrolysis circumven...Integrating electrochemical CO2 conversion with carbon capture extends the CO2 source beyond pure or point-source streams.By directly interfacing with capture units,reactive CO2 capture electrolysis circumvents the energy-intensive regeneration and compression processes to supply pure CO2 stream,also minimizes the amount of unreacted CO2 through gas-fed CO2 electrolysis.However,the conversion pathway is hampered by high electrolyser voltages and reliance on precious and thick metal catalysts(>2.0 mg cm-2).Here,we report an energy-efficient reactive CO2 capture electrolysis system enabled by an ultra-low loading molecular catalyst(cobalt phthalocyanine anchored onto multi-walled carbon nanotubes,Co Pc/CNT).When the Co Pc/CNT exceeds 0.2 mg cm-2loading on cathode,the thicker Co Pc/CNT layer largely increase electrical and mass transfer resistances.This limits the availability of local CO2 at the catalyst surface,suppressing the formation of adsorbed intermediates(COOH*/CO*)on cobalt centres,as observed by operando Raman spectroscopy.Benefiting from the features,the electrolysis system achieves a single-pass CO2 conversion of 55.1%at 300 m A cm-2 and a faradaic efficiency of CO(FECO)84.7%at a 0.2 mg cm-2.At 100 m A cm-2,the synergistic combination of Co Pc/CNT with a two-layer membrane architecture reduces electrolyser voltage by 30%to widely used bipolar membrane(BPM)-incorporated electrolyser and 17%voltage to metal catalyst-based cathode.This study offers a costeffective molecular catalyst for reactive CO2 capture electrolysis and paves the way for energy-efficient carbon capture and utilisation integrated systems.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFC3707300,2023YFC3707304,2024YFC3712300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52200128)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin,China(23JCQNJC00500)the National Nonprofit Institute Research Grants of Tianjin Research Institute of Water Transport Engineering,China(TKS20240302,TKS20230303,TKS20230304)。
摘要Since sulfur oxides in the engine exhaust usually lead to the catalyst deactivation,so SO2 resistance under low-temperature conditions serves as a critical performance criterion to the catalysts.A series of ZrVOx@CeO2 catalysts with excellent catalytic activity and SO2 tolerance was synthesized using the combination of hydrothermal and precipitation methods for the ammonia selective catalytic reduction(NH3-SCR)reaction.In the range of 160-380℃,the NO conversion is consistently over 90%.Notably,with the addition of 200 ppm SO2,the NO conversion stabilizes at 90%within 10 h at 230℃.The CeO2 species are deposited as fine particles on the catalyst surface,forming irregular spherical protrusions.This morphology significantly increases the specific surface area,which in turn enhances the activation and adsorption of reactant.The incorporation of CeO2 modifies the electronic structure of the O 1s orbital,and generates a higher density of oxygen vacancies to maintain electrostatic equilibrium.In situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy(DRIFTs)shows that SO2 has little effect on the adsorption and activation of NO and NH3.Therefore,the ZrVOx@CeO2 catalysts exhibit excellent reducibility,effectively enhancing the catalytic performance.Overall,the main mechanism on the ZrVOx@CeO2 catalyst is the Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52370114)the Science and Technology Project of Southwest United Graduate School of Yunnan Province(202302AQ370002)。
摘要Converting CO2 to CH4 under mild conditions represents a promising strategy for carbon emission reduction and synthetic natural gas production,yet it remains challenging.In this work,we accelerated low-temperature CO2 hydrogenation over Ni-CeO2 catalysts by optimizing metal-support interactions through H2-driven reconstruction.The catalyst reduced at 400℃(Ni-CeO2-400R)achieved 84.3%CO2conversion with 100%CH4 selectivity even at a low temperature of 250℃.Various in situ spectroscopic characterizations(X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),Raman,and diffused reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy(DRIFTS))and H2/D2 isotopic exchange experiments reveal that the appropriate interaction in Ni-CeO2 motivates the dispersion of metallic Ni sites and the generation of oxygen vacancies,thereby promoting the activation of H2 and CO2 molecules,respectively.Therefore,CO2 is efficiently adsorbed and converted into reactive intermediates and finally hydrogenated to CH4through carbonyl and formate pathways simultaneously.These findings underscore the critical role of tailored metal-support interactions in designing advanced CO2 hydrogenation catalysts.
基金financially supported by the Science and Technology Project of Southwest United Graduate School of Yunnan Province(Grant No.202302AQ370002)the project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52370114 and 22276081)。
摘要Converting CO2to CH4 under mild conditions is a promising strategy for solving environmental and energy problems,but also a challenge.In this work,the low-temperature CO2 hydrogenation process over Ni/CeO2 catalysts was significantly accelerated by optimizing the H2 dissociation ability of Ni through the size effect,thus A-Ni/CeO2 with an average size of 4.9 nm achieved 83.4%CO2conversion with~100%CH4 selectivity even at 225℃.Systematic H2/D2 isotopic exchange experiments,in situ spectroscopic characterizations,and density functional theory(DFT)calculations reveal that the enhanced H2 activation ability not only promoted the creation of oxygen vacancies and hydroxyl group favorable for CO2 adsorption/activation in the pre-reduction process,but also the simultaneous hydrogenation of reactive intermediates belonging to carbonyl and formate pathway into CH4 in the reaction process.This fundamental understanding of the H2 dissociation effect on CO2 activation and hydrogenation provides critical insights for designing catalysts with considerable low-temperature activity,which significantly reduces energy consumption and operating costs for industrial CO2 conversion.
摘要Natural gas vehicles(NGVs)offer significant environmental advantages by reducing pollutant emissions,but effective exhaust treatment remains a challenge due to high methane emissions and catalyst deactivation over time.This study introduces a core-shell Pd@CeO2/Al2O3 three-way catalyst(TWC)designed to enhance the efficiency and durability of NGV exhaust treatment.The core-shell structure significantly improves catalytic performance.The optimized Pd@Ce/Al(S-500)catalyst demonstrates excellent low-temperature activity,with T50 values of 336℃ for CH4 and 397℃ for NO.It also achieves remarkable reductions of 113 and 177℃ in the T90 for CH4 and NO conversion,respectively,compared to the non-core-shell counterpart,Pd-Ce/Al(S-500).Characterizations reveal enhanced metal-support interactions,increased oxygen vacancies,and optimized Pd-CeO2 interfaces as key active sites.Density functional theory calculations further demonstrate that the core-shell structure facilitates electron transfer at Pd-CeO2 interfaces and lowers energy barriers for three-way reactions,enhancing catalytic efficiency.Notably,the core-shell Pd@Ce/Al(S-500)catalyst maintains high conversion efficiency for CH4 and NO,with only slight losses(5.5% and 6.6%,respectively)over a 100-h time-on-stream stability test,following 16 h of harsh hydrothermal aging at 800℃,showcasing its long-term stability.These findings provide a deeper understanding of the role of the core-shell Pd@CeO2 structure in Pd-based TWCs and offer valuable insights for designing durable and efficient catalysts to meet the stringent emission standards of NGVs.
摘要To enhance the low-temperature activity and anti-sintering performance of Ni-based catalysts for CO methanation,mesoporous CeO2supports with a confined structure were synthesized via a hydrothermal method.The effects of three Ni loading methods—incipient wetness impregnation,co-precipitation,and bis(cyclopentadienyl)nickel sublimation—on catalytic performance were systematically compared.Characterization techniques,including X-ray diffraction(XRD),N2 adsorption-desorption test,hydrogen temperature-programmed reduction(H2-TPR),Xray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),and transmission electron microscopy(TEM),revealed the critical influence of the loading method on Ni species dispersion,particle size,and metal-support interaction.The results indicated that all three mesoporous Ni/CeO2catalysts exhibited excellent anti-sintering properties due to the confinement effect of the support.However,their low-temperature activities differed significantly,primarily determined by the specific state of Ni.In the NC-B catalyst prepared by bis(cyclopentadienyl)nickel sublimation,the interaction between Ni species and the support was relatively weak.After reduction,this method yielded highly dispersed metallic Ni nanoparticles,increasing the number of low-temperature active sites.Consequently,the NC-B catalyst achieved 98%CO conversion rate and 100%CH4 selectivity at 300℃,demonstrating the optimal low-temperature methanation performance.
基金Project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(52200128)National Key R&D Program of China(2024YFC3712300,2023YFC3707300,2023YFC3707304)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin(23JCQNJC00500)National Nonprofit Institute Research Grants of TIWTE(TKS20240302,TKS20230303)。
摘要The most effective technology used for NOx removal is selective catalytic reduction with ammonia(NH3-SCR).In contrast to the conventional V2O5-WO3/TiO2 catalyst,cerium-tungsten-titanium oxides catalysts were prepared,which significantly broaden the SCR activity window while avoiding the vanadium biotoxicity.The monolithic WO3/CeO2-TiO2-CC catalyst with over 85%NOx conversion in the 275-475℃ range is found by changing the loading sequence of CeO2 and WO3.And it exhibits excellent H2O resistance,maintaining 90%NOx conversion at 325℃.The preferential loading of the redox CeO2 boosts the increase of the surface adsorbed oxygen content and Ce3+ratio.Meanwhile,WO3/CeO2-TiO2-CC exhibits excellent acidity,which facilitates the NH3 adsorption.In situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy(DRIFTs)experiments demonstrate that changing the loading sequence of the active components affects the rate of Lewis acid sites consumption and SCR reaction.The negative effect of SO2+O2 adsorption on the catalysts is also demonstrated.SO2 is more likely to be oxidized to SO3 on the CeO2/WO3-TiO2-CC and WO3/CeO2-TiO2-CC,resulting in the formation of metal sulphates and decreasing the catalytic performance.SOx affects the L-H pathway on the three catalysts(CeO2/WO3-TiO2-CC,WO3/CeO2-TiO2-CC and CeO2-WO3/TiO2-CC),and affects the E-R pathway on the WO3/CeO2-TiO2-CC catalyst.Above results indicate that adjusting the binding sequence of CeO2 and WO3 with TiO2 changes the catalysts'redox and acidic properties.
基金Project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(22076180)Key Project of Science and Technology Talent and Independent Innovation of Beibei District Science and Technology Bureau,Chongqing(2024-18)+2 种基金“Light of the West”Young Scholar Program(Class A)of Chinese Academy of SciencesSpecial Research Assistant Grant of Chinese Academy of SciencesChongqing Bayu Scholar Program(Young Scholar,YS2020048)。
摘要SO2-induced MnCeOxcatalyst severe deactivation for low-temperature deNOxremains an intractable issue.In this study,the molar ratio of Nb/Fe was innovatively tuned to enhance the SO2tolerance of Nb and Fe co-doped MnCeOxcatalysts.The Nb7Fe3MnCeOxcatalyst shows optimal catalytic performance advantages,achieving over 90%nitrogen oxide conversion and outstanding N2selectivity within a broad activity temperature range(150-250℃),and also admirable SO2-tolerant performance at 250℃.Detailed experimental results indicate that the strong electron transfer among Fe,Ce and Mn species helps to induce the production of surface oxygen vacancy and accelerate redox cycling,and thus improves the catalytic performance at low temperatures.Moreover,in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy(DRIFTS)experiments unveil the potential SO2tolerance mechanism of the Nb7Fe3MnCeOxcatalyst.Although the Langmuir-Hinshelwood pathway is somewhat constrained after sample sulfation,the Eley-Rideal pathway greatly facilitates the strongly adsorbed ammonia and NO molecules to undergo the selective catalytic reduction(SCR)reaction.The NO molecules are not required to be weakly adsorbed on the Nb7Fe3MnCeOxcatalyst surface as reactive nitrates,thereby relieving the negative effect of sulfation for NOxremoval.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(No.2018YFA0702001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22225901,22175162 and 21975237)+7 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.WK2340000101)the USTC Research Funds of the Double First-Class Initiative(Nos.YD2340002007 and YD9990002017)the Open Funds of the State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization(No.RERU2022007)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Nos.2023M733371,2022M723032 and 2023T160617)the Natural Science Foundation Youth Project of Anhui Province(No.2308085QB37)the China National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents(No.BX20230340)Statesponsored Postdoctoral Researcher Program(No.GZC20230008)Postdoctoral Research Funding Project of Anhui Province(No.2023B727).
摘要The CO2 electroreduction reaction(CO2RR)is a promising approach of using renewable electricity to synthesize fuels and value-added chemicals.At present,Cu is generally considered to be the major monometallic catalyst capable of producing multicarbon products(C2+)with high current densities from the CO2RR,but it still suffers from the low activity and high overpotential.The challenge of sluggish CO2RR kinetics can be overcome by developing efficient Cu-based catalysts,which undergo the dynamic evolution during the reaction process.The dynamic evolution of the Cu-based catalysts taking place under working conditions makes it difficult to study the structure-activity correlation and reaction mechanism present during CO2RR.Recently,a number of important works have observed and revealed the dynamic evolution process of Cu-based catalysts by operando characterization techniques.This aspect,however,remains less summarized and prospected in the CO2RR literature.In this Review,we summarize the dynamic evolution of Cu-based catalysts during the CO2RR from aspects of structure,composition and oxidation state.We highlight the correlations between evolution behaviors and catalytic properties.Then,we discuss the dynamic deactivation process of Cu-based catalysts during CO2RR,including metal impurities contamination and carbon accumulation.In particular,we introduce recent advancements in in situ characterization techniques those are employed to probe the dynamic evolution under operating conditions.We end the Review by outlining the challenges and offering personal perspectives on the future development opportunities in this field.
摘要Direct synthesis of dimethyl carbonate(DMC)from CO2 is critical for achieving carbon neutrality,yet the sluggish formation and conversion of the key*CH₃OCOO intermediate-due to the difficulty of C-O coupling-limit high DMC yields.Herein,we developed a boric acid-assisted recrystallization strategy to fabricate grain-boundary-rich CeO2 hollow nanospheres,which serve as an efficient catalyst for CO2 to DMC synthesis.The introduction of grain-boundary(GBs)induced the electron redistribution,which led a decrease in the electron density of bulk Ce ions and created a localized electron-rich region at homogeneous interface.This unique electronic landscape promoted reactive methoxy formation and stronger CO2 adsorption,thereby enabling more efficient coupling of*CH3O and*CO2 to form the*CH3OCOO.Concurrently,the enhanced CO2 adsorption facilitated the dissociation of*CH3OCOO and subsequent DMC formation.As a result,the 4%BCeO2-GBs achieved an advantageous DMC yield of 19.8 mmol/g.In the assistance of dehydrating agent,the catalyst delivered a remarkable 264.2 mmol/g DMC yield and 7.12%methanol conversion,which was 32 times higher than commercial CeO2.This study elucidated the intrinsic mechanisms governing*CH3OCOO intermediate behavior and offers valuable guidance for CO2 converting into high-value organic chemicals.
基金Project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(22402130)。
摘要The electrochemical CO2reduction reaction(CO2RR)can convert CO2into high value-added chemicals,which is conducive to improving climate change and energy crisis.Rare earth single-atom catalysts(SACs)have recently been widely studied in the field of CO2reduction due to their unique properties.Herein,a series of rare earth single-atom metals(abbreviated as RM,which are Sc,Y,La,Ce,Pr,Nd,Sm,Eu,Gd,Tb,Dy,Ho,Er,Tm,Yb,Lu)supported on C2N were designed and systematically studied for their CO2RR performance.Results show that CH4is the main product on RM@C2N and the limiting potentials are in range of-0.46 to-0.61 V except for Eu@C2N and Yb@C2N.Among them,Tb@C2N,Sm@C2N,and Gd@C2N show high activity and selectivity with limiting potentials of-0.46,-0.47,and-0.48 V.The binding energy of adsorbed oxygen atoms on rare earth SACs can be used as a good descriptor of activity from volcano plot.These results provide insights into the design of rare earth catalysts for CO2RR and valuable guidance for screening single-atom catalysts in theory.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFB3809101)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2023CDJKYJH005)+1 种基金the support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U23A20128)Chongqing Science and Technology Commission(CSTC2024YCJH-BGZXM0041).
摘要Ti-based catalysts have been identified to be efficient in enhancing hydrogenation and dehydrogenation(de/hydrogenation)kinetics of Mg/MgH2.However,their catalytic activity is constrained by the strong Ti-H bond and chemical instability.Herein,we demonstrate that TMOx@Ti-MgO(TM=Mn and Cu)composite catalysts can simultaneously enhance hydrogen dissociation,diffusion and nucleation processes.MgH2 catalyzed by TMOx@Ti-MgO released 6.03-6.14 wt.%H2 within 5 min at 280℃ and 0.89-1.12 wt.%H2 within 60 min at 180℃.The partially oxidized Ti2+and Ti3+states are stabilized in MgO lattice,accelerating hydrogen adsorption,dissociation and diffusion processes.The TMOx,additionally,serve as the active center for nucleation,further improving de/hydrogenation reactions.The TMOx@Ti-MgO catalysts are characterized by high chemical stability,realizing improved cycle properties.These findings suggest a new approach to achieving controllable Catalyst-Hydrogen bond strengths and optimizing performance in de/hydrogenation reactions.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB4101800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22172032,U22A20431)。
摘要CuZnAl(CZA)is a classic industrial catalyst widely used for the synthesis of methanol from syngas,but its catalytic performance is not optimal for the hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol.Meanwhile,understanding the catalytic mechanism of Cu species in the CZA catalyst remains a great challenge.In this study,we systematically investigated the valence state change of active Cu species in CZA catalyst and their influence on catalytic performance by modifying the catalysts with varying amounts of electron donor K,thus identifying the catalytic function of Cu species with different valence states.H2-TPR,XPS and HR-TEM characterizations reveal that the highly dispersed K species supported on CZA catalysts will inhibit the reduction of CuO,resulting in a small amount of Cu2O active species being produced under reaction conditions thus causing a decrease in catalytic activity.Furthermore,XRD and Cu LMM spectra show that the proportion of Cu0 in K-modified CZA catalysts increases with K loading,but a higher proportion of Cu0 species on the surface obviously promotes the reverse water gas shift(RWGS)reaction.According to the results of in situ infrared spectroscopy,CZA catalyst follows the reaction pathway mediated by HCOO*in the hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.22573002 and 12504256)the Young Scientist Project of Henan Province(Grant No.225200810103)+2 种基金the Program for Science&Technology Innovation Talents in Universities of Henan Province(Grant No.24HASTIT013)the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(Grant Nos.252300420313 and 252300423365)Henan College Key Research Project(Nos.24B430005 and 26A430001).
摘要The development of efficient catalysts for the electrocatalytic CO reduction reaction toward high-value C2products is critical for addressing pressing energy and environmental challenges.Dual-metal catalysts have emerged as promising candidates due to their potential to facilitate C−C coupling,a key step in C2product formation.However,their activity and selectivity are highly dependent on the charge states of the active sites.Modulating asymmetric charge distribution between metal centers offers a viable strategy to enhance C−C coupling efficiency and product selectivity.In this study,we employ density functional theory to investigate heteronuclear dual-atom catalysts(DACs)anchored on ferroelectric In2Se3and impact of polarization on charge states of metal sites.We find that Pd−Nb and Rh−Nb DACs form spatially separated charge centers with opposite signs,which significantly reduce the energy barrier for C−C coupling compared to homonuclear Nb−Nb DACs,enabling thermodynamically favorable C−C bond formation.The Coulomb interaction between oppositely charged centers is identified as a key descriptor governing C−C coupling efficiency.Furthermore,ferroelectric polarization switching of In2Se3offers dynamic modulation of reaction pathways and product selectivity.Pd−Nb@In2Se3under downward polarization(P↓)favors ethane formation with a limiting potential of−1.06 eV,whereas upward polarization(P↑)shifts the reaction toward an alternative C−C coupling pathway with a higher overpotential(−1.47 eV).Similarly,Rh−Nb@In2Se3selectively produces ethanol under P↓,but methane under P↑.Importantly,both Pd−Nb and Rh−Nb DACs exhibit stronger CO adsorption than H adsorption,favoring CORR over the competing hydrogen evolution reaction.These findings underscore the potential of ferroelectric DACs as tunable and selective catalysts for CORR,offering a compelling strategy for the rational design of next-generation electrocatalysts for decarbonization.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Province(2025GXNSFAA069406 and 2025GXNSFA A069591)the Director Foundation for Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-chemical Functional Materials(EMFM20241112).
摘要The hydrogenation of carbon dioxide(CO2)to methane(CH4)has become an effective strategy for reducing greenhouse gas emissions due to its high efficiencyand low cost,and ordered mesoporous materials have received considerable interest in CO2methanation applications because of their large specificsurface area and well-ordered pore structure.Herein,a series of the Ce-modifiedordered mesoporous catalysts(NiCe/Al2O3)were prepared through a one-pot approach,and the influenceof Ce doping on the morphology and structure of the catalysts as well as the CO2methanation performance were investigated in detail.The XRD and TEM data revealed that the introduction of Ce could effectively lower the particle size of Ni active components and advance the dispersion of Ni species.The H2-TPR profilesdemonstrated that Ce doping facilitated the catalyst's reduction by greatly decreasing its reduction temperature.In addition,the CO2-TPD and XPS data indicated that the incorporation of Ce provided sufficientbasic sites for CO2activation and adsorption,and the oxygen vacancies of the Cedoped Ni-based catalysts were significantlyenhanced.Obviously,the catalyst 30Ni10Ce/Al2O3achieved the outstanding catalytic performance,achieving CO2conversion of 90.7%and CH4 selectivity of 99.8% at 375℃,and even after 60 h of continuous reaction,it still maintained the stable catalytic activity,which suggested that the Ce-doped Ni-based catalysts can offer significantpromising applications in CO2methanation.
基金support from Russian Science Foundation(No.24-43-00069).
摘要The catalytic conversion of carbon dioxide to methanol is of great practical and scientific importance in the concept of reducing CO2emissions.Moreover,it can partially solve the problem of human dependence on non-renewable resources.The development of selective and active catalysts for CO2hydrogenation is a key point due to the strong thermodynamic limitations and high chemical stability of CO2.In this work,the influence of the nature of the mesoporous supports,as well as the method of introducing the active component,on the catalytic properties of Cu–Zn catalysts in the CO2hydrogenation to methanol were investigated.A series of bimetallic Cu-Zn catalysts deposited on mesoporous MCM-41 and SBA-15 supports were prepared by two methods:encapsu-lation and incipient wetness impregnation.The obtained catalysts were characterized by N2adsorption,X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(SEM-EDX),and ther-mogravimetry-differential thermal analysis(TG-DTA)methods.The highest CO2conversion and methanol space-time yield were observed over the encapsulated Cu–Zn catalyst based on the MCM-41 support.The optimal process temperature was 280℃,at which a high selectivity of 92%methanol formation was achieved while maintaining the best CO2conversion.The study demonstrates the prospects of using bimetallic Cu-Zn catalysts encapsulated in MCM-41 for direct CO2hydrogenation for“green”methanol production.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.21563014 and 22408136)Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Grant Nos.20232BAB203016and 20252BAC200238)+1 种基金the Early Career Young Scientists and Technologists Project of Jiangxi Province(Grant No.20244BCE52045)the National Research Foundation,Singapore and A*STAR under its LowCarbon Energy Research Funding Initiative Project(Grant Nos.U2102d2011,WBS:A-8000278-00-00)。
摘要CO preferential oxidation (CO-PROX) in rich H2 is considered a feasible strategy to solve CO poisoning for fuel cells,but obtaining good activity at low temperatures is still a challenge.Herein,three-dimensional ordered macroporous (3DOM) CuO/CeO2 catalysts were fabricated by a templating approach,with the metal-support interaction (MSI) adjusted through active metal loading.The 10CuO/CeO2 catalyst achieves complete CO conversion at 110℃ and demonstrates excellent stability.Characterization studies have shown that the 10CuO/CeO2 catalyst has abundant active sites and oxygen vacancies;this phenomenon could potentially be attributed to the synergistic effects arising from the MSI between CuO and CeO2.Moreover,in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectra (in situ DRIFTS) were used to identify the intermediates and confirm that appropriate MSI enhances CO adsorption and activation.The findings of this study make significant contributions to the advancement of 3DOM CuO/CeO2 catalysts for CO-PROX and establish a promising strategy for optimizing the MSI in supported catalyst systems.
基金funded by the“Pioneer”and“Leading Goose”R&D Program of Zhejiang(No.2023C03017)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.GZC20230373)+5 种基金Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LQ24B070010)CMA Key Open Laboratory of Transforming Climate Resources to Economy(No.2024004K)Natural Science Foundation of Huzhou City(No.2024YZ19)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22202032,22406020 and 22406019)the Key Research and Development Projects of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,China(No.2022B02031)Joint Fund of the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LBMHY25E060009)。
摘要Elucidating the active site formation mechanism of bismuth(Bi)-based catalysts in electrochemical CO2reduction remains challenging for achieving high activity,selectivity,and long-term stability.Here we confirm through experimental results that Bi-based catalysts containing halogen ions(I-,Cl-,Br-)and SO42-maintain the system stability,keeping Faraday efficiency of formic acid above90%in the current range of 50-800 mA cm-2.In contrast,anions containing S2-and NO3-in the electrolyte can be reduced to produce by-products.These anions and their by-products could poison the active center,leading to increased side reactions and thus significantly reducing the Faraday efficiency of formic acid.The combination of non-in situ and in situ characterization results revealed that the Bi-based catalysts all underwent the transition from the initial state to the Bi/Bi2O2CO3(BOC)intermediate state in high-concentration KHCO3 solution,and the different anions could selectively modulate the degree of exposure of specific crystalline surfaces of BOC.At the late stage of the reaction,BOC was completely converted to metal Bi and became the real active center.Combined with in situ IR and DFT calculations,it is further verified that*OCHO is the key intermediate on the metallic Bi surface,which is most favorable for formic acid formation.This study reveals the key mechanism by which anions affect the formation of active sites via modulating the catalyst reconstruction process,which provides an important theoretical basis for the design and optimization of test conditions of Bi-based catalysts.
基金financially supported by the project Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Provincial(Grant Nos.20252BAC200212 and 20252BAC250027)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Cultivation of Early Career Young Scientific and Technological Talents of Jiangxi Province(Grant Nos.20252BEJ730203,20252BEJ730205,and 20224ACB203010)+2 种基金Doctor's Starting Research Foundation of Jiangxi University of Science and Technology(Grant No.205200100778)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.22572077,22162012 and 22202089)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province for Distinguished Young Scholars(Grant No.20224ACB213005)。
摘要Electrochemical reduction of CO2 to multi-carbon products(e.g.,C2+ ,ethene,ethanol,etc.)not only effectively decreases the CO2 concentration in atmosphere but also shows great potential economic benefits due to these exploitable value-added products.The Cu-based catalysts have caught much attention in CO2 electroreduction due to the good selectivity to hydrocarbons products.However,designing appropriate Cu-based catalysts is desirable to further improve the energy efficiency and selectivity of specific C2+ product.In this review,primary pathways of CO2 electroreduction to C2+ products are first discussed to summarize the key elementary steps of C2+ products formation.Subsequently,various strategies of catalytic activity regulation of Cu-based catalysts are classified into geometric and electronic structures modification based on the inner correlation between these strategies and the mechanism of C2+ products formation.The review ends with a cross-scale perspective that links the selectivity enhancement of a specific C2+ product and the target design of Cu-based catalysts.
基金the Australian Research Council,Australia for supporting this research through grant DP230102577 and FT250100853。
摘要Integrating electrochemical CO2 conversion with carbon capture extends the CO2 source beyond pure or point-source streams.By directly interfacing with capture units,reactive CO2 capture electrolysis circumvents the energy-intensive regeneration and compression processes to supply pure CO2 stream,also minimizes the amount of unreacted CO2 through gas-fed CO2 electrolysis.However,the conversion pathway is hampered by high electrolyser voltages and reliance on precious and thick metal catalysts(>2.0 mg cm-2).Here,we report an energy-efficient reactive CO2 capture electrolysis system enabled by an ultra-low loading molecular catalyst(cobalt phthalocyanine anchored onto multi-walled carbon nanotubes,Co Pc/CNT).When the Co Pc/CNT exceeds 0.2 mg cm-2loading on cathode,the thicker Co Pc/CNT layer largely increase electrical and mass transfer resistances.This limits the availability of local CO2 at the catalyst surface,suppressing the formation of adsorbed intermediates(COOH*/CO*)on cobalt centres,as observed by operando Raman spectroscopy.Benefiting from the features,the electrolysis system achieves a single-pass CO2 conversion of 55.1%at 300 m A cm-2 and a faradaic efficiency of CO(FECO)84.7%at a 0.2 mg cm-2.At 100 m A cm-2,the synergistic combination of Co Pc/CNT with a two-layer membrane architecture reduces electrolyser voltage by 30%to widely used bipolar membrane(BPM)-incorporated electrolyser and 17%voltage to metal catalyst-based cathode.This study offers a costeffective molecular catalyst for reactive CO2 capture electrolysis and paves the way for energy-efficient carbon capture and utilisation integrated systems.