In contemporary computer vision,convolutional neural networks(CNNs)and vision transformers(ViTs)represent the two primary architectural paradigms for image recognition.While both approaches have been widely adopted in...In contemporary computer vision,convolutional neural networks(CNNs)and vision transformers(ViTs)represent the two primary architectural paradigms for image recognition.While both approaches have been widely adopted in medical imaging applications,they operate based on fundamentally different computational principles.This report attempts to provide brief application notes on ViTs and CNNs,particularly focusing on scenarios that guide the selection of one architecture over the other in practical medical implementations.Generally,CNNs rely on convolutional kernels,localized receptive fields,and weight sharing,enabling efficient hierarchical feature extraction.These properties contribute to strong performance in detecting spatially constrained patterns such as textures,edges,and anatomical boundaries,while maintaining relatively low computational requirements.ViTs,on the other hand,decompose images into smaller segments referred to as tokens and employ self-attention mechanisms to model relationships across the entire image.This global modeling capability allows ViTs to capture long-range dependencies that may be difficult for convolution-based architectures to learn.However,ViTs typically achieve optimal performance when trained on extremely large datasets or when supported by extensive pretraining,as their reduced inductive bias requires greater data exposure to learn robust representations.This report briefly examines the architectural structure,underlying mathematical foundations,and relative performance characteristics of CNNs and ViTs,drawing upon recent findings from contemporary research.Emphasis is placed on understanding how differences in data availability,computational resources,and task requirements influence model effectiveness across medical imaging domains.Most importantly,the report serves as a concise application guide for practitioners seeking informed implementation decisions between these two influential deep learning frameworks.展开更多
Microseismic monitoring and signal recognition constitute critical technologies for accurately assessing rockburst risks and ensuring the safe construction of underground rock engineering.This study developed a"S...Microseismic monitoring and signal recognition constitute critical technologies for accurately assessing rockburst risks and ensuring the safe construction of underground rock engineering.This study developed a"Surface+Underground"microseismic intelligent monitoring system to evaluate dynamic disaster risks during construction at the Beishan High-level Radioactive Waste Geological Disposal Laboratory in China.The datasets of four typical one-dimensional time-domain microseismic signals,including rock fracture,blasting,TBM tunneling,and drilling,were constructed,and the BO-CNN-LSTM model is developed to identify and classify these signals..Based on the classification results,the typical time-frequency domain characteristics of the four types of signals are analyzed.The classification results of BO-CNN-LSTM,CNN,LSTM and CNN-LSTM models show that the recognition accuracy of the four models is 98.0%,85.7%,66.7%and 91.0%,respectively.Among all types,the four models demonstrate the highest effectiveness in identifying rock fracture and borehole signals.The findings further confirm that the BO-CNN-LSTM model efficiently recognizes and extracts microseismic signal features,demonstrating superior performance and stability in the classification task.Finally,the study suggests several future research directions,particularly in the areas of raw signal denoising,and automation of feature extraction.展开更多
Accurate modeling of ship magnetic fields is important for predicting their spatial distribution to improve the magnetic stealth effect of ships.This study proposes an extrapolation model for ship magnetic fields base...Accurate modeling of ship magnetic fields is important for predicting their spatial distribution to improve the magnetic stealth effect of ships.This study proposes an extrapolation model for ship magnetic fields based on genetic algorithms and convolutional neural networks(CNNs).The magnetic probe position matrix of the traditional equivalent source is utilized as input,and the three-directional components of the magnetic field measured by the probes are employed as output.The extrapolation model for ship magnetic fields is obtained through iterative training and fitting with CNNs.Variables such as the number of magnetic dipoles,the distance between magnetic dipoles,the size and quantity of convolutional kernels,batch size,learning rate,and L2 regularization coefficient are optimized to boost the accuracy of the extrapolation model for magnetic fields.The fitting accuracy of the extrapolation model for ship magnetic fields is used as the optimization objective.Based on a finite element simulation model of ship magnetic fields,the accuracy and robustness of the CNN algorithm under different magnetic field conditions are validated using the known standard depth plane,the unknown depth at 1.125 times the standard depth plane,and the unknown depth at 1.25 times the standard depth plane.Results show that,after optimization,the fitting error for the magnetic field extrapolation model based on CNN is 1.50%for the standard depth plane,1.63%for the unknown depth at 1.125 times the standard depth plane,and 2.36%for the unknown depth at 1.25 times the standard depth plane.The error remains below 5%under varying magnetic field conditions.When a random measurement error of 0%-5%is introduced for the magnetic probes,the prediction error at 1.25 times the standard depth plane is 2.30%;with a random error of 0%-10%,the prediction error is 4.95%.This approach significantly improves the accuracy and robustness of magnetic field extrapolation,which makes it an effective and feasible method for ship magnetic field modeling.展开更多
Traffic holographic perception refers to the real-time,high-fidelity,and multi-dimensional sensing of traffic states through the fusion of heterogeneous sensors,including cameras,radars,and connected vehicle data.The ...Traffic holographic perception refers to the real-time,high-fidelity,and multi-dimensional sensing of traffic states through the fusion of heterogeneous sensors,including cameras,radars,and connected vehicle data.The multi-source perception data obtained thereby can provide a complete digital representation of the road network for the Intelligent Transportation System(ITS).However,sensors are vulnerable to environmental interference,which can result in data loss at specific points or along arterial highways for certain periods,potentially undermining system safety and decision-making reliability.To address these challenges,a deep learning method based on Graph Convolutional Networks(GCN)and Gated Recurrent Units(GRU)is proposed,leveraging Artificial Intelligence(AI)and intelligent connected technologies for real-time acquisition of multi-sensor perception data.A feature-level fusion integrates multi-source perception data.GCN captures spatial dependencies from the road network topology,while GRU extracts temporal features from time series,enabling accurate imputation of missing traffic data.The method is evaluated at intelligent connected intersections in the Beijing High-level Autonomous Driving Demonstration Area.Results show that the accuracy of long-term traffic state completion reaches 89.36%,and the Root Mean Square Error(RMSE)is reduced by 17.2%compared to the Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM)baseline.This framework provides a practical solution for deploying traffic holographic perception technology in secure and trustworthy ITS.展开更多
Convolutional neural networks(CNNs)have shown remarkable success across numerous tasks such as image classification,yet the theoretical understanding of their convergence remains underdeveloped compared to their empir...Convolutional neural networks(CNNs)have shown remarkable success across numerous tasks such as image classification,yet the theoretical understanding of their convergence remains underdeveloped compared to their empirical achievements.In this paper,the first filter learning framework with convergence-guaranteed learning laws for end-to-end learning of deep CNNs is proposed.Novel update laws with convergence analysis are formulated based on the mathematical representation of each layer in convolutional neural networks.The proposed learning laws enable concurrent updates of weights across all layers of the deep convolutional neural network and the analysis shows that the training errors converge to certain bounds which are dependent on the approximation errors.Case studies are conducted on benchmark datasets and the results show that the proposed concurrent filter learning framework guarantees the convergence and offers more consistent and reliable results during training with a trade-off in performance compared to stochastic gradient descent methods.This framework represents a significant step towards enhancing the reliability and effectiveness of deep convolutional neural network by developing a theoretical analysis which allows practical implementation of the learning laws with automatic tuning of the learning rate to guarantee the convergence during training.展开更多
Parkinson’s disease(PD)is a debilitating neurological disorder affecting over 10 million people worldwide.PD classification models using voice signals as input are common in the literature.It is believed that using d...Parkinson’s disease(PD)is a debilitating neurological disorder affecting over 10 million people worldwide.PD classification models using voice signals as input are common in the literature.It is believed that using deep learning algorithms further enhances performance;nevertheless,it is challenging due to the nature of small-scale and imbalanced PD datasets.This paper proposed a convolutional neural network-based deep support vector machine(CNN-DSVM)to automate the feature extraction process using CNN and extend the conventional SVM to a DSVM for better classification performance in small-scale PD datasets.A customized kernel function reduces the impact of biased classification towards the majority class(healthy candidates in our consideration).An improved generative adversarial network(IGAN)was designed to generate additional training data to enhance the model’s performance.For performance evaluation,the proposed algorithm achieves a sensitivity of 97.6%and a specificity of 97.3%.The performance comparison is evaluated from five perspectives,including comparisons with different data generation algorithms,feature extraction techniques,kernel functions,and existing works.Results reveal the effectiveness of the IGAN algorithm,which improves the sensitivity and specificity by 4.05%–4.72%and 4.96%–5.86%,respectively;and the effectiveness of the CNN-DSVM algorithm,which improves the sensitivity by 1.24%–57.4%and specificity by 1.04%–163%and reduces biased detection towards the majority class.The ablation experiments confirm the effectiveness of individual components.Two future research directions have also been suggested.展开更多
Accurate and quick diagnosis of COVID-19 remains a global challenge,as conventional RT-PCR testing suffers from high false-negative rates,delays,and limited availability.Chest X-ray imaging,while more accessible,requi...Accurate and quick diagnosis of COVID-19 remains a global challenge,as conventional RT-PCR testing suffers from high false-negative rates,delays,and limited availability.Chest X-ray imaging,while more accessible,requires expert interpretation and is prone to human error.Although several deep learning methods have been applied,many face issues of overfitting,insufficient feature selection,and reduced reliability.In order to overcome these constraints,we suggest a hybrid framework,COVID-19-DSCNN-XISSP,which integrates a Deep Spatial Convolutional Neural Network(DSCNN)for robust spatial excision of features with the Exponential Incremental Social Ski Driver with Sine Cosine Algorithm(XISSP)for optimal feature selection.This strategy enhances classification accuracy while reducing computational overhead.Extensive experiments on benchmark COVID-19 chest X-ray datasets demonstrate that the proposed model outperforms existing approaches in terms of accuracy,precision,and robustness.The findings highlight the potential of COVID-19-DSCNN-XISSP as an economical,automated,and expandable tool for assisting radiologists in early and reliable detection of COVID-19,thereby supporting improved clinical decision-making and pandemic control.展开更多
This study proposes an Adaptive Pooling method based on an alpha(α)parameter to enhance the effectiveness and stability of convolutional neural networks(CNNs)in image classification tasks.Conventional pooling techniq...This study proposes an Adaptive Pooling method based on an alpha(α)parameter to enhance the effectiveness and stability of convolutional neural networks(CNNs)in image classification tasks.Conventional pooling techniques,such as max pooling and average pooling,often exhibit limited adaptability when applied to datasets with heterogeneous distributions and varying levels of complexity.To address this limitation,the proposed approach introduces anαparameter ranging from 0 to 1 that continuously regulates the contribution of maximum-based and average-based pooling operations in a unified and flexible framework.The proposed method is evaluated using two benchmark datasets,MNIST and CIFAR-10,representing grayscale and color image classification scenarios,respectively.Experiments are conducted across three CNN families with different depths LeNet-5,a deeper custom-built CNN,and ResNet-18 to assess robustness under varying representational capacity.Under the bestαsetting with a 4×4 pooling configuration,Adaptive Pooling exhibits architecture-dependent behavior.On LeNet-5,Adaptive Pooling achieves 87.2%on MNIST and 30.1%on CIFAR-10,compared with 97.8%(max/average pooling)on MNIST and 60.1%(max pooling)/53.9%(average pooling)on CIFAR-10.In contrast,on the deeper custom CNN,Adaptive Pooling becomes competitive,reaching 99.7%on MNIST and 86.1%on CIFAR-10,which is comparable to 99.6%-99.7%on MNIST and 84.5%-86.2%on CIFAR-10 achieved by conventional pooling.On ResNet-18,Adaptive Pooling attains 99.1%on MNIST,while CIFAR-10 performance decreases to 37.2%relative to the default global average pooling baseline(99.7%on MNIST and 89.0%on CIFAR-10),suggesting that performance also depends on where the pooling replacement is applied.Overall,these findings indicate thatα-controlled Adaptive Pooling provides a lightweight and configurable pooling strategy that can improve stability and achieve competitive accuracy in deeper CNNs,although it should be treated as a complementary mechanism rather than a universal replacement across all architectures.展开更多
Attosecond light sources serve as crucial tools for investigating the ultrafast electronic dynamics in matter with remarkable temporal resolution.Traditional methods face difficulties in accurately measuring attosecon...Attosecond light sources serve as crucial tools for investigating the ultrafast electronic dynamics in matter with remarkable temporal resolution.Traditional methods face difficulties in accurately measuring attosecond pulses,and the prevailing approach involves utilizing attosecond streak cameras coupled with inversion algorithms to reconstruct phase information.However,these algorithms often require multiple iterations and extensive computational time.This study investigates the utilization of autocorrelation graphs as inputs for a convolutional neural network(CNN)to invert streaking traces obtained by attosecond streak camera.We explore the noise resistance capability of autocorrelation within the CNN inversion and aim to provide a physical explanation for its effectiveness.The objective of this research is to enhance the accuracy and reliability of CNN inversion for attosecond streaking traces,enabling improved resilience against experimental noises.展开更多
Graph neural networks(GNN)have shown strong performance in node classification tasks,yet most existing models rely on uniform or shared weight aggregation,lacking flexibility in modeling the varying strength of relati...Graph neural networks(GNN)have shown strong performance in node classification tasks,yet most existing models rely on uniform or shared weight aggregation,lacking flexibility in modeling the varying strength of relationships among nodes.This paper proposes a novel graph coupling convolutional model that introduces an adaptive weighting mechanism to assign distinct importance to neighboring nodes based on their similarity to the central node.Unlike traditional methods,the proposed coupling strategy enhances the interpretability of node interactions while maintaining competitive classification performance.The model operates in the spatial domain,utilizing adjacency list structures for efficient convolution and addressing the limitations of weight sharing through a coupling-based similarity computation.Extensive experiments are conducted on five graph-structured datasets,including Cora,Citeseer,PubMed,Reddit,and BlogCatalog,as well as a custom topology dataset constructed from the Open University Learning Analytics Dataset(OULAD)educational platform.Results demonstrate that the proposed model achieves good classification accuracy,while significantly reducing training time through direct second-order neighbor fusion and data preprocessing.Moreover,analysis of neighborhood order reveals that considering third-order neighbors offers limited accuracy gains but introduces considerable computational overhead,confirming the efficiency of first-and second-order convolution in practical applications.Overall,the proposed graph coupling model offers a lightweight,interpretable,and effective framework for multi-label node classification in complex networks.展开更多
This study proposes a multi-scale simplified residual convolutional neural network(MS-SRCNN)for the precise prediction of Mg-Nd binary alloy compositions from scanning electron microscope(SEM)images.A multi-scale data...This study proposes a multi-scale simplified residual convolutional neural network(MS-SRCNN)for the precise prediction of Mg-Nd binary alloy compositions from scanning electron microscope(SEM)images.A multi-scale data structure is established by spatially aligning and stacking SEM images at different magnifications.The MS-SRCNN significantly reduces computational runtime by over 90%compared to traditional architectures like ResNet50,VGG16,and VGG19,without compromising prediction accuracy.The model demonstrates more excellent predictive performance,achieving a>5%increase in R2 compared to single-scale models.Furthermore,the MS-SRCNN exhibits robust composition prediction capability across other Mg-based binary alloys,including Mg-La,Mg-Sn,Mg-Ce,Mg-Sm,Mg-Ag,and Mg-Y,thereby emphasizing its generalization and extrapolation potential.This research establishes a non-destructive,microstructure-informed composition analysis framework,reduces characterization time compared to traditional experiment methods and provides insights into the composition-microstructure relationship in diverse material systems.展开更多
critical for guiding treatment and improving patient outcomes.Traditional molecular subtyping via immuno-histochemistry(IHC)test is invasive,time-consuming,and may not fully represent tumor heterogeneity.This study pr...critical for guiding treatment and improving patient outcomes.Traditional molecular subtyping via immuno-histochemistry(IHC)test is invasive,time-consuming,and may not fully represent tumor heterogeneity.This study proposes a non-invasive approach using digital mammography images and deep learning algorithm for classifying breast cancer molecular subtypes.Four pretrained models,including two Convolutional Neural Networks(MobileNet_V3_Large and VGG-16)and two Vision Transformers(ViT_B_16 and ViT_Base_Patch16_Clip_224)were fine-tuned to classify images into HER2-enriched,Luminal,Normal-like,and Triple Negative subtypes.Hyperparameter tuning,including learning rate adjustment and layer freezing strategies,was applied to optimize performance.Among the evaluated models,ViT_Base_Patch16_Clip_224 achieved the highest test accuracy(94.44%),with equally high precision,recall,and F1-score of 0.94,demonstrating excellent generalization.MobileNet_V3_Large achieved the same accuracy but showed less training stability.In contrast,VGG-16 recorded the lowest performance,indicating a limitation in its generalizability for this classification task.The study also highlighted the superior performance of the Vision Transformer models over CNNs,particularly due to their ability to capture global contextual features and the benefit of CLIP-based pretraining in ViT_Base_Patch16_Clip_224.To enhance clinical applicability,a graphical user interface(GUI)named“BCMS Dx”was developed for streamlined subtype prediction.Deep learning applied to mammography has proven effective for accurate and non-invasive molecular subtyping.The proposed Vision Transformer-based model and supporting GUI offer a promising direction for augmenting diagnostic workflows,minimizing the need for invasive procedures,and advancing personalized breast cancer management.展开更多
With the rapid development of the Artificial Intelligence of Things(AIoT),convolutional neural networks(CNNs)have demonstrated potential and remarkable performance in AIoT applications due to their excellent performan...With the rapid development of the Artificial Intelligence of Things(AIoT),convolutional neural networks(CNNs)have demonstrated potential and remarkable performance in AIoT applications due to their excellent performance in various inference tasks.However,the users have concerns about privacy leakage for the use of AI and the performance and efficiency of computing on resource-constrained IoT edge devices.Therefore,this paper proposes an efficient privacy-preserving CNN framework(i.e.,EPPA)based on the Fully Homomorphic Encryption(FHE)scheme for AIoT application scenarios.In the plaintext domain,we verify schemes with different activation structures to determine the actual activation functions applicable to the corresponding ciphertext domain.Within the encryption domain,we integrate batch normalization(BN)into the convolutional layers to simplify the computation process.For nonlinear activation functions,we use composite polynomials for approximate calculation.Regarding the noise accumulation caused by homomorphic multiplication operations,we realize the refreshment of ciphertext noise through minimal“decryption-encryption”interactions,instead of adopting bootstrapping operations.Additionally,in practical implementation,we convert three-dimensional convolution into two-dimensional convolution to reduce the amount of computation in the encryption domain.Finally,we conduct extensive experiments on four IoT datasets,different CNN architectures,and two platforms with different resource configurations to evaluate the performance of EPPA in detail.展开更多
Dear Editor,The letter proposes a tensor low-rank orthogonal compression(TLOC)model for a convolutional neural network(CNN),which facilitates its efficient and highly-accurate low-rank representation.Model compression...Dear Editor,The letter proposes a tensor low-rank orthogonal compression(TLOC)model for a convolutional neural network(CNN),which facilitates its efficient and highly-accurate low-rank representation.Model compression is crucial for deploying deep neural network(DNN)models on resource-constrained embedded devices.展开更多
This paper introduces a fuzzy C-means-based pooling layer for convolutional neural networks that explicitly models local uncertainty and ambiguity.Conventional pooling operations,such as max and average,apply rigid ag...This paper introduces a fuzzy C-means-based pooling layer for convolutional neural networks that explicitly models local uncertainty and ambiguity.Conventional pooling operations,such as max and average,apply rigid aggregation and often discard fine-grained boundary information.In contrast,our method computes soft membershipswithin each receptive field and aggregates cluster-wise responses throughmembership-weighted pooling,thereby preserving informative structure while reducing dimensionality.Being differentiable,the proposed layer operates as standard two-dimensional pooling.We evaluate our approach across various CNN backbones and open datasets,including CIFAR-10/100,STL-10,LFW,and ImageNette,and further probe small training set restrictions on MNIST and Fashion-MNIST.In these settings,the proposed pooling consistently improves accuracy and weighted F1 over conventional baselines,with particularly strong gains when training data are scarce.Even with less than 1%of the training set,ourmethodmaintains reliable performance,indicating improved sample efficiency and robustness to noisy or ambiguous local patterns.Overall,integrating soft memberships into the pooling operator provides a practical and generalizable inductive bias that enhances robustness and generalization in modern CNN pipelines.展开更多
Micro-expressions(ME)recognition is a complex task that requires advanced techniques to extract informative features fromfacial expressions.Numerous deep neural networks(DNNs)with convolutional structures have been pr...Micro-expressions(ME)recognition is a complex task that requires advanced techniques to extract informative features fromfacial expressions.Numerous deep neural networks(DNNs)with convolutional structures have been proposed.However,unlike DNNs,shallow convolutional neural networks often outperform deeper models in mitigating overfitting,particularly with small datasets.Still,many of these methods rely on a single feature for recognition,resulting in an insufficient ability to extract highly effective features.To address this limitation,in this paper,an Improved Dual-stream Shallow Convolutional Neural Network based on an Extreme Gradient Boosting Algorithm(IDSSCNN-XgBoost)is introduced for ME Recognition.The proposed method utilizes a dual-stream architecture where motion vectors(temporal features)are extracted using Optical Flow TV-L1 and amplify subtle changes(spatial features)via EulerianVideoMagnification(EVM).These features are processed by IDSSCNN,with an attention mechanism applied to refine the extracted effective features.The outputs are then fused,concatenated,and classified using the XgBoost algorithm.This comprehensive approach significantly improves recognition accuracy by leveraging the strengths of both temporal and spatial information,supported by the robust classification power of XgBoost.The proposed method is evaluated on three publicly available ME databases named Chinese Academy of Sciences Micro-expression Database(CASMEII),Spontaneous Micro-Expression Database(SMICHS),and Spontaneous Actions and Micro-Movements(SAMM).Experimental results indicate that the proposed model can achieve outstanding results compared to recent models.The accuracy results are 79.01%,69.22%,and 68.99%on CASMEII,SMIC-HS,and SAMM,and the F1-score are 75.47%,68.91%,and 63.84%,respectively.The proposed method has the advantage of operational efficiency and less computational time.展开更多
The published article titled“Fruits and Vegetable Diseases Recognition Using Convolutional Neural Networks”has been retracted from Computers,Materials&Continua,Vol.70,No.1,2022,pp.619-635.DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.0...The published article titled“Fruits and Vegetable Diseases Recognition Using Convolutional Neural Networks”has been retracted from Computers,Materials&Continua,Vol.70,No.1,2022,pp.619-635.DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.018562 URL:http://gffzz9e48629005df441askfcbcfpb6fv9696k.ffgz.tsg.suse.edu.cn/cmc/v70n1/44357 Concerns were raised by the readers regarding inaccuracies found in the experimental data and too many irrelevant references in this article.Following the concerns raised regarding this article,the Editorial Board conducted a thorough investigation and confirmed that the issues are indeed present.As a result,the Editorial Board has lost confidence in the validity of the overall findings and has decided to retract this article in accordance with TSP’s retraction policy(http://gffzz0a6e740f6c134db7skfcbcfpb6fv9696k.ffgz.tsg.suse.edu.cn/authors).展开更多
Most existing optical convolutional neural networks(OCNNs)are primarily limited to implementingbasic convolution functions,with little focus on leveraging the color dimension.As a result,they can typicallyonly process...Most existing optical convolutional neural networks(OCNNs)are primarily limited to implementingbasic convolution functions,with little focus on leveraging the color dimension.As a result,they can typicallyonly process single-channel or grayscale images,lacking the ability to utilize multichannel information such asRGB.In this work,we propose a multichannel optical convolutional neural network(MOCNN),which is capableof processing both RGB and hyperspectral images using only grayscale sensors by integrating trainable colorfilters into the optical path.Through simulations and experiments,we demonstrate that the performance ofoptical convolution is significantly enhanced by incorporating color information,enabling the system to handlecomplex color-related tasks.Furthermore,we design a loss function tailored to the physical properties ofquantum dots.We demonstrate that this training strategy can be extended to other types of filtering materials.Moreover,the proposed technique can serve as an OCNN-based feature-map acquisition camera withoutadditional imaging components,offering a potential route toward compact,low-cost,and privacy-preservingimage capture with limited task-performance degradation.展开更多
The increasing integration of renewable energy sources(e.g.,wind and solar power)into distribution grids and the development of new,source-grid-load-storage coordinated power systems have led to a substantial expansio...The increasing integration of renewable energy sources(e.g.,wind and solar power)into distribution grids and the development of new,source-grid-load-storage coordinated power systems have led to a substantial expansion in the volume of situational awareness data in the distribution networks.Moreover,the transmission of low-voltage distribution measurement data via a power line carrier(PLC)is often susceptible to packet loss and,consequently,data gaps.To address these issues,this paper proposes a data completion method using a conditional generative adversarial network(CGAN)integrated with a three-dimensional convolutional neural network(3D-CNN).This approach leverages the ability of CNNs to extract and fuse multidimensional spatiotemporal features and the power of GANs(generative adversarial networks)for data augmentation.Firstly,a 3D-CNN is trained to establish a mapping between the spatiotemporal context of the measured data and the target missing data.Secondly,a CGAN is practicing via adversarial training to establish a data completion model for the distribution networks.Finally,the simulations of the IEEE 14-bus and 33-bus systems demonstrate the proposed approach's performance improvement in the distribution networks compared with that of conventional methods in terms of root mean square error,spatiotemporal correlation,and maximum volatility amplitude,which are the typical measuring metrics.展开更多
Landslide susceptibility mapping(LSM)plays a crucial role in assessing geological risks.The current LSM techniques face a significant challenge in achieving accurate results due to uncertainties associated with region...Landslide susceptibility mapping(LSM)plays a crucial role in assessing geological risks.The current LSM techniques face a significant challenge in achieving accurate results due to uncertainties associated with regional-scale geotechnical parameters.To explore rainfall-induced LSM,this study proposes a hybrid model that combines the physically-based probabilistic model(PPM)with convolutional neural network(CNN).The PPM is capable of effectively capturing the spatial distribution of landslides by incorporating the probability of failure(POF)considering the slope stability mechanism under rainfall conditions.This significantly characterizes the variation of POF caused by parameter uncertainties.CNN was used as a binary classifier to capture the spatial and channel correlation between landslide conditioning factors and the probability of landslide occurrence.OpenCV image enhancement technique was utilized to extract non-landslide points based on the POF of landslides.The proposed model comprehensively considers physical mechanics when selecting non-landslide samples,effectively filtering out samples that do not adhere to physical principles and reduce the risk of overfitting.The results indicate that the proposed PPM-CNN hybrid model presents a higher prediction accuracy,with an area under the curve(AUC)value of 0.85 based on the landslide case of the Niangniangba area of Gansu Province,China compared with the individual CNN model(AUC=0.61)and the PPM(AUC=0.74).This model can also consider the statistical correlation and non-normal probability distributions of model parameters.These results offer practical guidance for future research on rainfall-induced LSM at the regional scale.展开更多
摘要In contemporary computer vision,convolutional neural networks(CNNs)and vision transformers(ViTs)represent the two primary architectural paradigms for image recognition.While both approaches have been widely adopted in medical imaging applications,they operate based on fundamentally different computational principles.This report attempts to provide brief application notes on ViTs and CNNs,particularly focusing on scenarios that guide the selection of one architecture over the other in practical medical implementations.Generally,CNNs rely on convolutional kernels,localized receptive fields,and weight sharing,enabling efficient hierarchical feature extraction.These properties contribute to strong performance in detecting spatially constrained patterns such as textures,edges,and anatomical boundaries,while maintaining relatively low computational requirements.ViTs,on the other hand,decompose images into smaller segments referred to as tokens and employ self-attention mechanisms to model relationships across the entire image.This global modeling capability allows ViTs to capture long-range dependencies that may be difficult for convolution-based architectures to learn.However,ViTs typically achieve optimal performance when trained on extremely large datasets or when supported by extensive pretraining,as their reduced inductive bias requires greater data exposure to learn robust representations.This report briefly examines the architectural structure,underlying mathematical foundations,and relative performance characteristics of CNNs and ViTs,drawing upon recent findings from contemporary research.Emphasis is placed on understanding how differences in data availability,computational resources,and task requirements influence model effectiveness across medical imaging domains.Most importantly,the report serves as a concise application guide for practitioners seeking informed implementation decisions between these two influential deep learning frameworks.
基金Project supported by the China Atomic Energy Authority(CAEA)through the Geological Disposal ProgramProjects(U24A20616,U24B2038)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2025-05)supported by the Guangdong Provincial Water Conservancy Science and Technology Innovation Project,China。
摘要Microseismic monitoring and signal recognition constitute critical technologies for accurately assessing rockburst risks and ensuring the safe construction of underground rock engineering.This study developed a"Surface+Underground"microseismic intelligent monitoring system to evaluate dynamic disaster risks during construction at the Beishan High-level Radioactive Waste Geological Disposal Laboratory in China.The datasets of four typical one-dimensional time-domain microseismic signals,including rock fracture,blasting,TBM tunneling,and drilling,were constructed,and the BO-CNN-LSTM model is developed to identify and classify these signals..Based on the classification results,the typical time-frequency domain characteristics of the four types of signals are analyzed.The classification results of BO-CNN-LSTM,CNN,LSTM and CNN-LSTM models show that the recognition accuracy of the four models is 98.0%,85.7%,66.7%and 91.0%,respectively.Among all types,the four models demonstrate the highest effectiveness in identifying rock fracture and borehole signals.The findings further confirm that the BO-CNN-LSTM model efficiently recognizes and extracts microseismic signal features,demonstrating superior performance and stability in the classification task.Finally,the study suggests several future research directions,particularly in the areas of raw signal denoising,and automation of feature extraction.
摘要Accurate modeling of ship magnetic fields is important for predicting their spatial distribution to improve the magnetic stealth effect of ships.This study proposes an extrapolation model for ship magnetic fields based on genetic algorithms and convolutional neural networks(CNNs).The magnetic probe position matrix of the traditional equivalent source is utilized as input,and the three-directional components of the magnetic field measured by the probes are employed as output.The extrapolation model for ship magnetic fields is obtained through iterative training and fitting with CNNs.Variables such as the number of magnetic dipoles,the distance between magnetic dipoles,the size and quantity of convolutional kernels,batch size,learning rate,and L2 regularization coefficient are optimized to boost the accuracy of the extrapolation model for magnetic fields.The fitting accuracy of the extrapolation model for ship magnetic fields is used as the optimization objective.Based on a finite element simulation model of ship magnetic fields,the accuracy and robustness of the CNN algorithm under different magnetic field conditions are validated using the known standard depth plane,the unknown depth at 1.125 times the standard depth plane,and the unknown depth at 1.25 times the standard depth plane.Results show that,after optimization,the fitting error for the magnetic field extrapolation model based on CNN is 1.50%for the standard depth plane,1.63%for the unknown depth at 1.125 times the standard depth plane,and 2.36%for the unknown depth at 1.25 times the standard depth plane.The error remains below 5%under varying magnetic field conditions.When a random measurement error of 0%-5%is introduced for the magnetic probes,the prediction error at 1.25 times the standard depth plane is 2.30%;with a random error of 0%-10%,the prediction error is 4.95%.This approach significantly improves the accuracy and robustness of magnetic field extrapolation,which makes it an effective and feasible method for ship magnetic field modeling.
基金supported in part by Beijing Natural Science Foundation under Grant L251058in part by Project of State Key Lab of Intelligent Transportation System under Grant 2024-A001.
摘要Traffic holographic perception refers to the real-time,high-fidelity,and multi-dimensional sensing of traffic states through the fusion of heterogeneous sensors,including cameras,radars,and connected vehicle data.The multi-source perception data obtained thereby can provide a complete digital representation of the road network for the Intelligent Transportation System(ITS).However,sensors are vulnerable to environmental interference,which can result in data loss at specific points or along arterial highways for certain periods,potentially undermining system safety and decision-making reliability.To address these challenges,a deep learning method based on Graph Convolutional Networks(GCN)and Gated Recurrent Units(GRU)is proposed,leveraging Artificial Intelligence(AI)and intelligent connected technologies for real-time acquisition of multi-sensor perception data.A feature-level fusion integrates multi-source perception data.GCN captures spatial dependencies from the road network topology,while GRU extracts temporal features from time series,enabling accurate imputation of missing traffic data.The method is evaluated at intelligent connected intersections in the Beijing High-level Autonomous Driving Demonstration Area.Results show that the accuracy of long-term traffic state completion reaches 89.36%,and the Root Mean Square Error(RMSE)is reduced by 17.2%compared to the Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM)baseline.This framework provides a practical solution for deploying traffic holographic perception technology in secure and trustworthy ITS.
基金supported by the Ministry of Education(MOE)Singapore,Academic Research Fund(AcRF)Tier 1(RG65/22)。
摘要Convolutional neural networks(CNNs)have shown remarkable success across numerous tasks such as image classification,yet the theoretical understanding of their convergence remains underdeveloped compared to their empirical achievements.In this paper,the first filter learning framework with convergence-guaranteed learning laws for end-to-end learning of deep CNNs is proposed.Novel update laws with convergence analysis are formulated based on the mathematical representation of each layer in convolutional neural networks.The proposed learning laws enable concurrent updates of weights across all layers of the deep convolutional neural network and the analysis shows that the training errors converge to certain bounds which are dependent on the approximation errors.Case studies are conducted on benchmark datasets and the results show that the proposed concurrent filter learning framework guarantees the convergence and offers more consistent and reliable results during training with a trade-off in performance compared to stochastic gradient descent methods.This framework represents a significant step towards enhancing the reliability and effectiveness of deep convolutional neural network by developing a theoretical analysis which allows practical implementation of the learning laws with automatic tuning of the learning rate to guarantee the convergence during training.
基金The work described in this paper was fully supported by a grant from Hong Kong Metropolitan University(RIF/2021/05).
摘要Parkinson’s disease(PD)is a debilitating neurological disorder affecting over 10 million people worldwide.PD classification models using voice signals as input are common in the literature.It is believed that using deep learning algorithms further enhances performance;nevertheless,it is challenging due to the nature of small-scale and imbalanced PD datasets.This paper proposed a convolutional neural network-based deep support vector machine(CNN-DSVM)to automate the feature extraction process using CNN and extend the conventional SVM to a DSVM for better classification performance in small-scale PD datasets.A customized kernel function reduces the impact of biased classification towards the majority class(healthy candidates in our consideration).An improved generative adversarial network(IGAN)was designed to generate additional training data to enhance the model’s performance.For performance evaluation,the proposed algorithm achieves a sensitivity of 97.6%and a specificity of 97.3%.The performance comparison is evaluated from five perspectives,including comparisons with different data generation algorithms,feature extraction techniques,kernel functions,and existing works.Results reveal the effectiveness of the IGAN algorithm,which improves the sensitivity and specificity by 4.05%–4.72%and 4.96%–5.86%,respectively;and the effectiveness of the CNN-DSVM algorithm,which improves the sensitivity by 1.24%–57.4%and specificity by 1.04%–163%and reduces biased detection towards the majority class.The ablation experiments confirm the effectiveness of individual components.Two future research directions have also been suggested.
摘要Accurate and quick diagnosis of COVID-19 remains a global challenge,as conventional RT-PCR testing suffers from high false-negative rates,delays,and limited availability.Chest X-ray imaging,while more accessible,requires expert interpretation and is prone to human error.Although several deep learning methods have been applied,many face issues of overfitting,insufficient feature selection,and reduced reliability.In order to overcome these constraints,we suggest a hybrid framework,COVID-19-DSCNN-XISSP,which integrates a Deep Spatial Convolutional Neural Network(DSCNN)for robust spatial excision of features with the Exponential Incremental Social Ski Driver with Sine Cosine Algorithm(XISSP)for optimal feature selection.This strategy enhances classification accuracy while reducing computational overhead.Extensive experiments on benchmark COVID-19 chest X-ray datasets demonstrate that the proposed model outperforms existing approaches in terms of accuracy,precision,and robustness.The findings highlight the potential of COVID-19-DSCNN-XISSP as an economical,automated,and expandable tool for assisting radiologists in early and reliable detection of COVID-19,thereby supporting improved clinical decision-making and pandemic control.
摘要This study proposes an Adaptive Pooling method based on an alpha(α)parameter to enhance the effectiveness and stability of convolutional neural networks(CNNs)in image classification tasks.Conventional pooling techniques,such as max pooling and average pooling,often exhibit limited adaptability when applied to datasets with heterogeneous distributions and varying levels of complexity.To address this limitation,the proposed approach introduces anαparameter ranging from 0 to 1 that continuously regulates the contribution of maximum-based and average-based pooling operations in a unified and flexible framework.The proposed method is evaluated using two benchmark datasets,MNIST and CIFAR-10,representing grayscale and color image classification scenarios,respectively.Experiments are conducted across three CNN families with different depths LeNet-5,a deeper custom-built CNN,and ResNet-18 to assess robustness under varying representational capacity.Under the bestαsetting with a 4×4 pooling configuration,Adaptive Pooling exhibits architecture-dependent behavior.On LeNet-5,Adaptive Pooling achieves 87.2%on MNIST and 30.1%on CIFAR-10,compared with 97.8%(max/average pooling)on MNIST and 60.1%(max pooling)/53.9%(average pooling)on CIFAR-10.In contrast,on the deeper custom CNN,Adaptive Pooling becomes competitive,reaching 99.7%on MNIST and 86.1%on CIFAR-10,which is comparable to 99.6%-99.7%on MNIST and 84.5%-86.2%on CIFAR-10 achieved by conventional pooling.On ResNet-18,Adaptive Pooling attains 99.1%on MNIST,while CIFAR-10 performance decreases to 37.2%relative to the default global average pooling baseline(99.7%on MNIST and 89.0%on CIFAR-10),suggesting that performance also depends on where the pooling replacement is applied.Overall,these findings indicate thatα-controlled Adaptive Pooling provides a lightweight and configurable pooling strategy that can improve stability and achieve competitive accuracy in deeper CNNs,although it should be treated as a complementary mechanism rather than a universal replacement across all architectures.
基金Project supported by the CAS project for Young Scientists in Basic Research(Grant Nos.YSBR-059 and YSBR115)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.92150103)。
摘要Attosecond light sources serve as crucial tools for investigating the ultrafast electronic dynamics in matter with remarkable temporal resolution.Traditional methods face difficulties in accurately measuring attosecond pulses,and the prevailing approach involves utilizing attosecond streak cameras coupled with inversion algorithms to reconstruct phase information.However,these algorithms often require multiple iterations and extensive computational time.This study investigates the utilization of autocorrelation graphs as inputs for a convolutional neural network(CNN)to invert streaking traces obtained by attosecond streak camera.We explore the noise resistance capability of autocorrelation within the CNN inversion and aim to provide a physical explanation for its effectiveness.The objective of this research is to enhance the accuracy and reliability of CNN inversion for attosecond streaking traces,enabling improved resilience against experimental noises.
基金Support by Sichuan Science and Technology Program[2023YFSY0026,2023YFH0004]Guangzhou Huashang University[2024HSZD01,HS2023JYSZH01].
摘要Graph neural networks(GNN)have shown strong performance in node classification tasks,yet most existing models rely on uniform or shared weight aggregation,lacking flexibility in modeling the varying strength of relationships among nodes.This paper proposes a novel graph coupling convolutional model that introduces an adaptive weighting mechanism to assign distinct importance to neighboring nodes based on their similarity to the central node.Unlike traditional methods,the proposed coupling strategy enhances the interpretability of node interactions while maintaining competitive classification performance.The model operates in the spatial domain,utilizing adjacency list structures for efficient convolution and addressing the limitations of weight sharing through a coupling-based similarity computation.Extensive experiments are conducted on five graph-structured datasets,including Cora,Citeseer,PubMed,Reddit,and BlogCatalog,as well as a custom topology dataset constructed from the Open University Learning Analytics Dataset(OULAD)educational platform.Results demonstrate that the proposed model achieves good classification accuracy,while significantly reducing training time through direct second-order neighbor fusion and data preprocessing.Moreover,analysis of neighborhood order reveals that considering third-order neighbors offers limited accuracy gains but introduces considerable computational overhead,confirming the efficiency of first-and second-order convolution in practical applications.Overall,the proposed graph coupling model offers a lightweight,interpretable,and effective framework for multi-label node classification in complex networks.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52204407)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20220595)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2022M723689).
摘要This study proposes a multi-scale simplified residual convolutional neural network(MS-SRCNN)for the precise prediction of Mg-Nd binary alloy compositions from scanning electron microscope(SEM)images.A multi-scale data structure is established by spatially aligning and stacking SEM images at different magnifications.The MS-SRCNN significantly reduces computational runtime by over 90%compared to traditional architectures like ResNet50,VGG16,and VGG19,without compromising prediction accuracy.The model demonstrates more excellent predictive performance,achieving a>5%increase in R2 compared to single-scale models.Furthermore,the MS-SRCNN exhibits robust composition prediction capability across other Mg-based binary alloys,including Mg-La,Mg-Sn,Mg-Ce,Mg-Sm,Mg-Ag,and Mg-Y,thereby emphasizing its generalization and extrapolation potential.This research establishes a non-destructive,microstructure-informed composition analysis framework,reduces characterization time compared to traditional experiment methods and provides insights into the composition-microstructure relationship in diverse material systems.
基金funded by the Ministry of Higher Education(MoHE)Malaysia through the Fundamental Research Grant Scheme—Early Career Researcher(FRGS-EC),grant number FRGSEC/1/2024/ICT02/UNIMAP/02/8.
摘要critical for guiding treatment and improving patient outcomes.Traditional molecular subtyping via immuno-histochemistry(IHC)test is invasive,time-consuming,and may not fully represent tumor heterogeneity.This study proposes a non-invasive approach using digital mammography images and deep learning algorithm for classifying breast cancer molecular subtypes.Four pretrained models,including two Convolutional Neural Networks(MobileNet_V3_Large and VGG-16)and two Vision Transformers(ViT_B_16 and ViT_Base_Patch16_Clip_224)were fine-tuned to classify images into HER2-enriched,Luminal,Normal-like,and Triple Negative subtypes.Hyperparameter tuning,including learning rate adjustment and layer freezing strategies,was applied to optimize performance.Among the evaluated models,ViT_Base_Patch16_Clip_224 achieved the highest test accuracy(94.44%),with equally high precision,recall,and F1-score of 0.94,demonstrating excellent generalization.MobileNet_V3_Large achieved the same accuracy but showed less training stability.In contrast,VGG-16 recorded the lowest performance,indicating a limitation in its generalizability for this classification task.The study also highlighted the superior performance of the Vision Transformer models over CNNs,particularly due to their ability to capture global contextual features and the benefit of CLIP-based pretraining in ViT_Base_Patch16_Clip_224.To enhance clinical applicability,a graphical user interface(GUI)named“BCMS Dx”was developed for streamlined subtype prediction.Deep learning applied to mammography has proven effective for accurate and non-invasive molecular subtyping.The proposed Vision Transformer-based model and supporting GUI offer a promising direction for augmenting diagnostic workflows,minimizing the need for invasive procedures,and advancing personalized breast cancer management.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China No.62362008the Major Scientific and Technological Special Project of Guizhou Province([2024]014).
摘要With the rapid development of the Artificial Intelligence of Things(AIoT),convolutional neural networks(CNNs)have demonstrated potential and remarkable performance in AIoT applications due to their excellent performance in various inference tasks.However,the users have concerns about privacy leakage for the use of AI and the performance and efficiency of computing on resource-constrained IoT edge devices.Therefore,this paper proposes an efficient privacy-preserving CNN framework(i.e.,EPPA)based on the Fully Homomorphic Encryption(FHE)scheme for AIoT application scenarios.In the plaintext domain,we verify schemes with different activation structures to determine the actual activation functions applicable to the corresponding ciphertext domain.Within the encryption domain,we integrate batch normalization(BN)into the convolutional layers to simplify the computation process.For nonlinear activation functions,we use composite polynomials for approximate calculation.Regarding the noise accumulation caused by homomorphic multiplication operations,we realize the refreshment of ciphertext noise through minimal“decryption-encryption”interactions,instead of adopting bootstrapping operations.Additionally,in practical implementation,we convert three-dimensional convolution into two-dimensional convolution to reduce the amount of computation in the encryption domain.Finally,we conduct extensive experiments on four IoT datasets,different CNN architectures,and two platforms with different resource configurations to evaluate the performance of EPPA in detail.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Innovation Key R&D Program of Chongqing(CSTB2025TIAD-STX0032)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFF0908200)+1 种基金the Chongqing Technology Innovation and Application Development Special Key Project(CSTB2024TIAD-KPX0018)the Southwest University Graduate Student Research Innovation(SWUB24051)。
摘要Dear Editor,The letter proposes a tensor low-rank orthogonal compression(TLOC)model for a convolutional neural network(CNN),which facilitates its efficient and highly-accurate low-rank representation.Model compression is crucial for deploying deep neural network(DNN)models on resource-constrained embedded devices.
摘要This paper introduces a fuzzy C-means-based pooling layer for convolutional neural networks that explicitly models local uncertainty and ambiguity.Conventional pooling operations,such as max and average,apply rigid aggregation and often discard fine-grained boundary information.In contrast,our method computes soft membershipswithin each receptive field and aggregates cluster-wise responses throughmembership-weighted pooling,thereby preserving informative structure while reducing dimensionality.Being differentiable,the proposed layer operates as standard two-dimensional pooling.We evaluate our approach across various CNN backbones and open datasets,including CIFAR-10/100,STL-10,LFW,and ImageNette,and further probe small training set restrictions on MNIST and Fashion-MNIST.In these settings,the proposed pooling consistently improves accuracy and weighted F1 over conventional baselines,with particularly strong gains when training data are scarce.Even with less than 1%of the training set,ourmethodmaintains reliable performance,indicating improved sample efficiency and robustness to noisy or ambiguous local patterns.Overall,integrating soft memberships into the pooling operator provides a practical and generalizable inductive bias that enhances robustness and generalization in modern CNN pipelines.
基金supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Jiangsu Province under Grant BE2022059-3,CTBC Bank through the Industry-Academia Cooperation Project,as well as by the Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan through Grants MOST-108-2218-E-002-055,MOST-109-2223-E-009-002-MY3,MOST-109-2218-E-009-025,and MOST431109-2218-E-002-015.
摘要Micro-expressions(ME)recognition is a complex task that requires advanced techniques to extract informative features fromfacial expressions.Numerous deep neural networks(DNNs)with convolutional structures have been proposed.However,unlike DNNs,shallow convolutional neural networks often outperform deeper models in mitigating overfitting,particularly with small datasets.Still,many of these methods rely on a single feature for recognition,resulting in an insufficient ability to extract highly effective features.To address this limitation,in this paper,an Improved Dual-stream Shallow Convolutional Neural Network based on an Extreme Gradient Boosting Algorithm(IDSSCNN-XgBoost)is introduced for ME Recognition.The proposed method utilizes a dual-stream architecture where motion vectors(temporal features)are extracted using Optical Flow TV-L1 and amplify subtle changes(spatial features)via EulerianVideoMagnification(EVM).These features are processed by IDSSCNN,with an attention mechanism applied to refine the extracted effective features.The outputs are then fused,concatenated,and classified using the XgBoost algorithm.This comprehensive approach significantly improves recognition accuracy by leveraging the strengths of both temporal and spatial information,supported by the robust classification power of XgBoost.The proposed method is evaluated on three publicly available ME databases named Chinese Academy of Sciences Micro-expression Database(CASMEII),Spontaneous Micro-Expression Database(SMICHS),and Spontaneous Actions and Micro-Movements(SAMM).Experimental results indicate that the proposed model can achieve outstanding results compared to recent models.The accuracy results are 79.01%,69.22%,and 68.99%on CASMEII,SMIC-HS,and SAMM,and the F1-score are 75.47%,68.91%,and 63.84%,respectively.The proposed method has the advantage of operational efficiency and less computational time.
摘要The published article titled“Fruits and Vegetable Diseases Recognition Using Convolutional Neural Networks”has been retracted from Computers,Materials&Continua,Vol.70,No.1,2022,pp.619-635.DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.018562 URL:http://gffzz9e48629005df441askfcbcfpb6fv9696k.ffgz.tsg.suse.edu.cn/cmc/v70n1/44357 Concerns were raised by the readers regarding inaccuracies found in the experimental data and too many irrelevant references in this article.Following the concerns raised regarding this article,the Editorial Board conducted a thorough investigation and confirmed that the issues are indeed present.As a result,the Editorial Board has lost confidence in the validity of the overall findings and has decided to retract this article in accordance with TSP’s retraction policy(http://gffzz0a6e740f6c134db7skfcbcfpb6fv9696k.ffgz.tsg.suse.edu.cn/authors).
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2024YFE0203600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62135009)the Tsinghua-Toyota Joint Research Fund(Grant No.20253930080).
摘要Most existing optical convolutional neural networks(OCNNs)are primarily limited to implementingbasic convolution functions,with little focus on leveraging the color dimension.As a result,they can typicallyonly process single-channel or grayscale images,lacking the ability to utilize multichannel information such asRGB.In this work,we propose a multichannel optical convolutional neural network(MOCNN),which is capableof processing both RGB and hyperspectral images using only grayscale sensors by integrating trainable colorfilters into the optical path.Through simulations and experiments,we demonstrate that the performance ofoptical convolution is significantly enhanced by incorporating color information,enabling the system to handlecomplex color-related tasks.Furthermore,we design a loss function tailored to the physical properties ofquantum dots.We demonstrate that this training strategy can be extended to other types of filtering materials.Moreover,the proposed technique can serve as an OCNN-based feature-map acquisition camera withoutadditional imaging components,offering a potential route toward compact,low-cost,and privacy-preservingimage capture with limited task-performance degradation.
基金funded by the Science and Technology Project of China Southern Power Grid Co.,Ltd.(Grant no.GXKJXM20222165).
摘要The increasing integration of renewable energy sources(e.g.,wind and solar power)into distribution grids and the development of new,source-grid-load-storage coordinated power systems have led to a substantial expansion in the volume of situational awareness data in the distribution networks.Moreover,the transmission of low-voltage distribution measurement data via a power line carrier(PLC)is often susceptible to packet loss and,consequently,data gaps.To address these issues,this paper proposes a data completion method using a conditional generative adversarial network(CGAN)integrated with a three-dimensional convolutional neural network(3D-CNN).This approach leverages the ability of CNNs to extract and fuse multidimensional spatiotemporal features and the power of GANs(generative adversarial networks)for data augmentation.Firstly,a 3D-CNN is trained to establish a mapping between the spatiotemporal context of the measured data and the target missing data.Secondly,a CGAN is practicing via adversarial training to establish a data completion model for the distribution networks.Finally,the simulations of the IEEE 14-bus and 33-bus systems demonstrate the proposed approach's performance improvement in the distribution networks compared with that of conventional methods in terms of root mean square error,spatiotemporal correlation,and maximum volatility amplitude,which are the typical measuring metrics.
基金funding support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U22A20594,52079045)Hong-Zhi Cui acknowledges the financial support of the China Scholarship Council(Grant No.CSC:202206710014)for his research at Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya,Barcelona.
摘要Landslide susceptibility mapping(LSM)plays a crucial role in assessing geological risks.The current LSM techniques face a significant challenge in achieving accurate results due to uncertainties associated with regional-scale geotechnical parameters.To explore rainfall-induced LSM,this study proposes a hybrid model that combines the physically-based probabilistic model(PPM)with convolutional neural network(CNN).The PPM is capable of effectively capturing the spatial distribution of landslides by incorporating the probability of failure(POF)considering the slope stability mechanism under rainfall conditions.This significantly characterizes the variation of POF caused by parameter uncertainties.CNN was used as a binary classifier to capture the spatial and channel correlation between landslide conditioning factors and the probability of landslide occurrence.OpenCV image enhancement technique was utilized to extract non-landslide points based on the POF of landslides.The proposed model comprehensively considers physical mechanics when selecting non-landslide samples,effectively filtering out samples that do not adhere to physical principles and reduce the risk of overfitting.The results indicate that the proposed PPM-CNN hybrid model presents a higher prediction accuracy,with an area under the curve(AUC)value of 0.85 based on the landslide case of the Niangniangba area of Gansu Province,China compared with the individual CNN model(AUC=0.61)and the PPM(AUC=0.74).This model can also consider the statistical correlation and non-normal probability distributions of model parameters.These results offer practical guidance for future research on rainfall-induced LSM at the regional scale.