Dear Editor,This letter addresses the challenge of achieving robust global coordination in multi-agent systems(MASs)subject to heterogeneous actuator saturation and additive input disturbances.We develop a novel distr...Dear Editor,This letter addresses the challenge of achieving robust global coordination in multi-agent systems(MASs)subject to heterogeneous actuator saturation and additive input disturbances.We develop a novel distributed control framework that strategically integrates a redesigned saturation function to handle the nonlinear actuator constraint and a high-gain feedback mechanism for effective disturbance rejection.展开更多
Dear Editor,This letter addresses the distributed density regulation problem for large-scale robotic swarms.To accommodate swarm size,system dynamics are formulated within an Eulerian framework,modeling the swarm’s a...Dear Editor,This letter addresses the distributed density regulation problem for large-scale robotic swarms.To accommodate swarm size,system dynamics are formulated within an Eulerian framework,modeling the swarm’s actual density distribution(ADD)as a probability distribution,with state transition probabilities governed by a Markov matrix.展开更多
This study examined non-uniform loading in goaf cantilever rock masses via testing,modeling,and mechanical analysis to solve instantaneous fracture and section buckling from mining abutment pressure.The study investig...This study examined non-uniform loading in goaf cantilever rock masses via testing,modeling,and mechanical analysis to solve instantaneous fracture and section buckling from mining abutment pressure.The study investigates the non-uniform load gradient effect on fracture characteristics,including load characteristics,fracture location,fracture distribution,and section roughness.A digital model for fracture interface buckling analysis was developed,elucidating the influence of non-uniform load gradients on Fracture Interface Curvature(FIC),Buckling Rate of Change(BRC),and Buckling Domain Field(BDF).The findings reveal that nonlinear tensile stress concentration and abrupt tensile-compressive-shear strain mutations under non-uniform loading are fundamental mechanisms driving fracture path buckling in cantilever rock mass structures.The buckling process of rock mass under non-uniform load can be divided into two stages:low load gradient and high gradient load.In the stage of low gradient load,the buckling behavior is mainly reflected in the compression-shear fracture of the edge.In the stage of high gradient load,a buckling band along the loading direction is gradually formed in the rock mass.These buckling principles establish a theoretical basis for accurately characterizing bearing fractures,fracture interface instability,and vibration sources within overlying cantilever rock masses in goaf.展开更多
Dear Editor,This letter proposes a distributed iterative learning model predictive control(LMPC)strategy for coordinated trajectory tracking of multiple unmanned surface vehicles(USVs).By learning from previously feas...Dear Editor,This letter proposes a distributed iterative learning model predictive control(LMPC)strategy for coordinated trajectory tracking of multiple unmanned surface vehicles(USVs).By learning from previously feasible control and state trajectories,each USV iteratively refines its input sequence to improve the accuracy of trajectory tracking and formation control.To tackle challenges such as system coupling,limited onboard computational resources,and communication constraints,the method integrates the alternating direction method of multipliers(ADMM)with iterative learning.The effectiveness and advantages of the proposed approach are demonstrated through comparison results.展开更多
Distributed acoustic sensing(DAS)technology is widely used in seismic monitoring,intrusion detection,and other fields due to its advantages of wide monitoring range and low cost.However,the problems of complex signal ...Distributed acoustic sensing(DAS)technology is widely used in seismic monitoring,intrusion detection,and other fields due to its advantages of wide monitoring range and low cost.However,the problems of complex signal processing and large data volume limit its applications.This paper proposes a downsampling method based on short-time Fourier transform,which reduces the length of the time series while retaining high-frequency information.Experiments show that this method improves the efficiency and classification performance of the model,with an F1 value of 0.9147 on a four-class private dataset and an accuracy of 0.9944 on a two-class public dataset.展开更多
Marine seismic exploration is traditionally conducted using towed streamers to investigate the geological structure of sea shelves and identify mineral deposits.Conventional streamers typically use piezoelectric hydro...Marine seismic exploration is traditionally conducted using towed streamers to investigate the geological structure of sea shelves and identify mineral deposits.Conventional streamers typically use piezoelectric hydrophones or fiber-optic interferometric hydrophones,which are complex,costly,and challenging to manufacture.In this study,we introduced a fiber-optic marine towed streamer seismic acquisition system based on distributed acoustic sensing technology.This system features a simplified design by removing the need for optical components within the streamer,thereby streamlining system architecture and manufacturing.The system's effectiveness was validated through a sea trial conducted in the slope zone of a basin,with water depths ranging from 500 to 2000 m.Notably,this study represents the first successful application of distributed fiber-optic towed streamers for marine seismic exploration,enabling the effective detection of complex sedimentary structures in the surveyed area.The results underscore the significant potential of distributed fiber-optic towed streamers for seismic exploration,paving the way for advancements in marine seismic technologies.展开更多
A multi-stage stress relaxation test was performed on a granodiorite sample to understand the deformation process prior to the macroscopic failure of brittle rocks,as well as the transient response during stress relax...A multi-stage stress relaxation test was performed on a granodiorite sample to understand the deformation process prior to the macroscopic failure of brittle rocks,as well as the transient response during stress relaxation.Distributed optical fiber sensing was used to measure strains across the sample surface by helically wrapping the single-mode fiber around the cylindrical sample.Close agreement was observed between the circumferential strains obtained from the optical fibers and the extensometer.The reconstructed full-field strain contours show strain heterogeneity from the crack closure phase,and the strains in the later deformation phase are dominantly localized within the former high-strain zone.The Gini coefficient was used to quantify the degree of strain localization and shows an initial increase during the crack closure phase,a decrease during the linear elastic phase,and a subsequent increase during the post-yielding phase.This behavior corresponds to a process of initial localization from an imperfect boundary condition,homogenization,and eventual relocalization prior to the macroscopic failure of the sample.The transient strain rate decay during the stress relaxation phase was quantified using the p-value in the"Omori-like"power law function.A higher initial stress at the onset of relaxation results in a lower p-value,indicating a slower strain rate decay.As the sample approaches macroscopic failure,the lowest p-value shifts from the most damaged zone to adjacent areas,suggesting stress redistribution or crack propagation in deformed crystalline rocks under stress relaxation conditions.展开更多
The explosive proliferation of Large Language Models(LLMs)imposes significant energy and operational burdens on Geographically Distributed Data Centers(GDDCs),thereby demanding an efficient mechanism for LLMs task sch...The explosive proliferation of Large Language Models(LLMs)imposes significant energy and operational burdens on Geographically Distributed Data Centers(GDDCs),thereby demanding an efficient mechanism for LLMs task scheduling.While prior geo-distributed scheduling methods reduce cost and carbon emissions by exploiting regional heterogeneity,they largely overlook model and data reuse opportunities and the uncertainty of LLM execution times.In this paper,we introduce GCOS,to the best of our knowledge,the first green scheduling framework that incorporates a dual-cache system for both data and models,while jointly optimizing task assignment and cache migration.We firstly propose a dual-cache mechanism that decouples model and data caching to enable fine-grained reuse and minimize redundant transmissions.Subsequently,we propose the Multi-Agent Cache-aware Cooperative Scheduling(MACCS)algorithm,which leverages reinforcement learning to optimize task placement with a focus on minimizing both carbon emissions and cost.Additionally,we design a lightweight execution time predictor,DiPTree,to address the high variability in task execution times.Extensive experiments on real-world datasets demonstrate that GCOS reduces overall cost by up to 92.6%and carbon emissions by 90.3%,significantly outperforming existing baselines.展开更多
This paper discusses adaptive distributed optimization with predefined accuracy for high-order nonlinear multi-agent systems(MASs)that are subject to disturbances and nonlinear uncertainties.To estimate the global opt...This paper discusses adaptive distributed optimization with predefined accuracy for high-order nonlinear multi-agent systems(MASs)that are subject to disturbances and nonlinear uncertainties.To estimate the global optimal solution in realtime,a distributed proportional-integral optimization technique is used to generate a virtual system for each agent.For the unknown control gain of the controller,the Nussbaum function is employed.Then,a fuzzy adaptive observer is designed to estimate the unmeasured state by leveraging the general approximation capabilities of fuzzy logic systems.Using the Lyapunov stability method and backstepping technique,we develop the adaptive law and a new distributed controller.This ensures that the outputs of multi-agent systems converge to optimal values.Finally,a simulation example is used to confirm the viability of the presented control mechanism.展开更多
An attack-resilient distributed Nash equilibrium(NE) seeking problem is addressed for noncooperative games of networked systems under malicious cyber-attacks,i.e.,false data injection(FDI) attacks.Different from many ...An attack-resilient distributed Nash equilibrium(NE) seeking problem is addressed for noncooperative games of networked systems under malicious cyber-attacks,i.e.,false data injection(FDI) attacks.Different from many existing distributed NE seeking works,it is practical and challenging to get resilient adaptively distributed NE seeking under unknown and unbounded FDI attacks.An attack-resilient NE seeking algorithm that is distributed(i.e.,independent of global information on the graph's algebraic connectivity,Lipschitz and monotone constants of pseudo-gradients,or number of players),is presented by means of incorporating the consensus-based gradient play with a distributed attack identifier so as to achieve simultaneous NE seeking and attack identification asymptotically.Another key characteristic is that FDI attacks are allowed to be unknown and unbounded.By exploiting nonsmooth analysis and stability theory,the global asymptotic convergence of the developed algorithm to the NE is ensured.Moreover,we extend this design to further consider the attack-resilient NE seeking of double-integrator players.Lastly,numerical simulation and practical experiment results are presented to validate the developed algorithms' effectiveness.展开更多
Understanding the factors influencingdistributed acoustic sensing(DAS)signal response is essential for advancing rockfall monitoring technologies.This study presents a comprehensive fieldexperiment investigating the i...Understanding the factors influencingdistributed acoustic sensing(DAS)signal response is essential for advancing rockfall monitoring technologies.This study presents a comprehensive fieldexperiment investigating the impact of gauge lengths,installation methods,and fiber-optic cable packaging structures on DAS signals from simulated rockfall impacts.A deployed fiber-optic array with varied cables and installation conditions recorded signals across four-gauge lengths,three installation methods,and four cable types,evaluated using sensitivity and fidelitymetrics.Key findingsconfirmthat while increased gauge length boosts sensitivity,it detrimentally reduces fidelity;consequently,a 2-m gauge length is recommended for high-frequency rockfall seismic signals.Well-coupled direct burial significantly enhances signal sensitivity and fidelity,whereas poorly coupled methods(cased conduit,ground deployment)introduce“weak coupling noise”and pseudo waveforms.Fiber-optic cable properties—diameter,Young’s modulus,and internal structural contacts—also critically affect signal quality.Balancing signal performance with operational practicality,a high-strength,lightweight fiber-optic cable with favorable DAS characteristics is recommended for mountainous rockfall monitoring.These findingsprovide crucial insights and practical guidelines for optimizing the design and deployment of DAS-based rockfall monitoring systems in challenging terrains.展开更多
Remote sensing image classification using deep learning methods faces challenges such as high complexity,significant computational demands,and inefficiency on resource-constrained devices,while also being affected by ...Remote sensing image classification using deep learning methods faces challenges such as high complexity,significant computational demands,and inefficiency on resource-constrained devices,while also being affected by issues like class similarity and spatial distribution.Current convolutional neural networks rely on stacking small convolutional kernels for feature learning,which results in relatively low classification accuracy,while their dependence on centralized learning architectures with high-performance GPUs/CPUs incurs substantial training costs.Therefore,this paper proposes a distributed rapid classification method for high-similarity natural scene remote sensing images using an improved VGG19 model(RS-VGG19)that combines residual connections and attention mechanisms.By introducing residual connections,the method improves training convergence speed and high-level feature learning ability,effectively preventing gradient vanishing during training.Embedding the SENet visual attention module in the tenth convolution layer allows the model to more specifically extract similar and significant features in remote sensing images.By employing a combination of cross-entropy and center loss functions,the model is able to learn features with reduced intra-class variance and increased inter-class variance,further enhancing classification accuracy.The distributed inference framework Spark is employed for decentralized model training,storing large-scale remote sensing images in the distributed file system HDFS,and accessing the pre-trained RS-VGG19 model in Docker containers on cluster nodes for distributed inference and classification using PySpark.Experimental results show that on two commonly used high-similarity remote sensing image datasets,NWPU-RESISC45 and UCMerced Land-Use,the RS-VGG19 model improves classification accuracy by 6.57%and 8.76%respectively compared to the original VGG19 model,and significantly enhances accuracy compared to other related classification models.This demonstrates the superior performance of the proposed structure and loss function fusion strategy in remote sensing image classification tasks.On the large-scale remote sensing image inference dataset NWPU-RESISC45,while maintaining classification accuracy,the distributed inference framework achieved a speedup of 11.9 when using six nodes,an improvement of 98.33%over theoretical linear speedup(6.00),reducing dependency on high-end hardware resources and significantly improving the classification speed of high-similarity natural scene remote sensing images.展开更多
On January 7,2025,an MS6.8 earthquake occurred in Dingri County,Xizang Autonomous Region,China,with the epicenter located at(28.50°N,87.45°E),as reported by the China Earthquake Networks Center.Real-time ...On January 7,2025,an MS6.8 earthquake occurred in Dingri County,Xizang Autonomous Region,China,with the epicenter located at(28.50°N,87.45°E),as reported by the China Earthquake Networks Center.Real-time distributed acoustic sensing(DAS)has been conducted since November 20,2024,using a 528-m fiberoptic cable deployed in Nyingchi,approximately 700 km from the epicenter.Following the MS6.8 Dingri earthquake,DAS recordings,sampled at 100 Hz,of the mainshock and aftershocks were used to analyze the characteristics of the earthquake source.By applying the spectral ratio method combined with the Boatwright model,the source parameters of the aftershocks were inverted,revealing a pronounced difference in the frequency range of energy release between the mainshock and aftershocks.In addition,multichannel analysis of surface waves(MASW)using ambient noise before and after the event reveals a variation of less than 5% in the 0-30 m S-wave velocity profile.The results indicate that the earthquake sequence had a negligible influenceon the monitoring site.This study highlights that even a sub-kilometer DAS array can serve as an effective supplementary tool for seismic monitoring,demonstrating its ability to capture critical seismic data despite the cable length constraints.展开更多
The hybrid series-parallel microgrid attracts more attention by combining the advantages of both the series-stacked voltage and parallel-expanded capacity.Low-voltage distributed generations(DGs)are connected in serie...The hybrid series-parallel microgrid attracts more attention by combining the advantages of both the series-stacked voltage and parallel-expanded capacity.Low-voltage distributed generations(DGs)are connected in series to form the intra-string,and then multiple strings are interconnected in parallel.For the existing control strategies,both intra-string and inter-string depend on the centralized or distributed control with high communication reliance.It has limited scalability and redundancy under abnormal conditions.Alternatively,in this study,an intra-string distributed and inter-string decentralized control framework is proposed.Within the string,a few DGs close to the AC bus are the leaders to get the string power information and the rest DGs are the followers to acquire the synchronization information through the droop-based distributed consistency.Specifically,the output of the entire string has the active power−angular frequency(ω-P)droop characteristic,and the decentralized control among strings can be autonomously guaranteed.Moreover,the secondary control is designed to realize multi-mode objectives,including on/off-grid mode switching,grid-connected power interactive management,and off-grid voltage quality regulation.As a result,the proposed method has the ability of plug-and-play capabilities,single-point failure redundancy,and seamless mode-switching.Experimental results are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed practical solution.展开更多
The increasing integration of distributed generation(DG)and energy storage systems(ESS)has significantly enhanced the flexibility and efficiency of distribution networks.However,the growing frequency of extreme weathe...The increasing integration of distributed generation(DG)and energy storage systems(ESS)has significantly enhanced the flexibility and efficiency of distribution networks.However,the growing frequency of extreme weather events has exposed the vulnerability of distribution lines,posing serious challenges to the reliability and resilience of such systems.Existing DG and ESS planning models often neglect this vulnerability dimension,leading to suboptimal siting decisions and reduced system robustness.To address this issue,this paper proposes a comprehensive multi-objective optimization framework that coordinates the allocation of DG and ESS and explicitly incorporates line vulnerability under extreme weather conditions.The vulnerability index of each distribution line is first evaluated through Monte Carlo simulations that capture the probabilistic influence of micro-climatic and terrain factors.This assessment serves as a pre-processing stage that screens out high-risk lines and thereby constrains the optimization decision space to more reliable nodes for DG and ESS deployment.Building upon this filtered network,a multi-objective optimization model is established to determine the optimal siting and capacities of DG and ESS.The optimization simultaneously minimizes the total annual cost,which includes investment,operation,and maintenance expenses,as well as network power losses,while improving overall system resilience.A case study on a modified IEEE 33-bus distribution system verifies the effectiveness of the proposed method.The results demonstrate that vulnerability-aware planning achieves a better balance between cost and reliability compared with conventional approaches.Specifically,the proposed strategy reduces annual network losses and outage durations while maintaining voltage stability with respect to climate-adjusted line failure rates.Furthermore,the integration of ESS enables effective peak shaving and valley filling,improving system efficiency and operational flexibility.These findings confirm that incorporating line vulnerability into DG and ESS planning provides a practical and scalable pathway for enhancing the resilience and economy of distribution networks.展开更多
Synchronization of chaos in laser diodes has inspired advancements in physical-layer encryption communication,offering benefits such as high speed,extended range,and favorable compatibility.Nonetheless,a significant c...Synchronization of chaos in laser diodes has inspired advancements in physical-layer encryption communication,offering benefits such as high speed,extended range,and favorable compatibility.Nonetheless,a significant challenge persists in developing a synchronous chaotic transceiver with an extensive hardware key space without increasing system complexity.In this study,we propose the utilization of monolithically integrated dual distributed Bragg grating lasers(DDBGLs)to construct a synchronous chaotic transceiver with a large hardware key space.展开更多
In this paper,a novel distributed braking scheme is proposed for automatic heavy-haul trains equipped with an electronically controlled pneumatic(ECP)braking system.The scheme consists of a coupler force compensator a...In this paper,a novel distributed braking scheme is proposed for automatic heavy-haul trains equipped with an electronically controlled pneumatic(ECP)braking system.The scheme consists of a coupler force compensator and a cooperative controller.The compensator is designed to counteract the coupler force acting on each car,i.e.,the forces from its front and rear adjacent cars.With this compensation,the braking control problem is transformed into a platooning problem of multiple vehicles.The cooperative controller then regulates the velocity and position of adjacent cars.Numerical studies using MATLAB and the Universal Mechanism simulator are conducted to verify the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed scheme.展开更多
Given that the power grid partitioning method relying mainly on line reactive power flow information sees frequent changes in partitioning results with reactive power flow fluctuations under high-proportion fixed-powe...Given that the power grid partitioning method relying mainly on line reactive power flow information sees frequent changes in partitioning results with reactive power flow fluctuations under high-proportion fixed-powerfactor PV-connected distribution networks,and traditional distributed PV collaborative optimization fails to adapt due to such changes,a stable partitioning and distributed PV collaborative optimization method for this scenario is proposed.Firstly,the Gaussian mixture model(GMM)is used to characterize the characteristics of PV reactive power output,obtaining the typical curve of PV reactive power output.Secondly,the Monte Carlo Simulation(MCS)probabilistic power flow calculation is performed to obtain the node voltage distribution of the distribution network.Thirdly,based on the node voltage distribution,the Earth Mover’s Distance(EMD)is used to obtain the statistical distance between any two nodes,and this statistical distance is combined with the electrical distance defined by node voltage sensitivity to form a comprehensive electrical distance.Then,the affinity propagation clustering algorithm is applied,and considering the dynamic reactive power margin requirement,the reactive power/voltage partitioning result is obtained.Based on the reactive power partitioning result,a reactive power optimization model is established with the minimum active power loss of the system as the objective function.The optimization model is convexified using the LinDistFlow equation,and the Alternating Direction Multiplier Method(ADMM)is adopted to coordinate the reactive power output of PV inverters in each partition,achieving global optimal voltage control in the distribution network.Finally,the proposed method is verified using the IEEE 33-bus system.The application of this method reduces the system power loss by 35.94%.Compared with the traditional partitioning method,the partitioning variation rate under Scenario 1 is reduced by 54.17%and that under Scenario 2 is reduced by 70.85%when this method is adopted.This fully demonstrates that the partitioning results of the proposed method are stable,and the collaborative optimization method can improve the system voltage stability and reduce the system power loss.展开更多
The rational design of g-C3N4 homojunctions that inherits its structural merits holds great promise for efficient photocatalytic energy conversion.However,the unfavorable band alignment and scarce interface betw...The rational design of g-C3N4 homojunctions that inherits its structural merits holds great promise for efficient photocatalytic energy conversion.However,the unfavorable band alignment and scarce interface between different regions in g-C3N4 homojunction often fails to provide sufficient driving force for ultrafast charge separation.Herein,a multi-interfacial g-C3N4 S-scheme(SBCNNH4 KNa)homojunction with spatially distributed built-in electric field was fabricated,involving region-specific doping of sulfur and boron via a shear-rejoint strategy to boost photocatalytic H2 evolution activity.Systematic experiments and theoretical studies indicated that the staggered band alignment and work function offset synergistically induced by S-and B-doping in the g-C3N4 homojunction favored the establishment of the built-in electric field to accelerate the directional S-scheme charge migration.More significantly,the enhanced distributed built-in electric fields can drive carriers transfer along the multi-directional pathways to induce intramolecular charge redistribution,thoroughly elongating the carrier lifetime by suppressing recombination.Benefiting from these,the resulting SBCNNH4 KNa homojunction performed an exceptional photocatalytic H2 evolution activity,which was 2.45,4.71 and 2.06 times than that of SCNNH4 KNa,BCNNH4 KNa and SBCNKNa,respectively.This work not only provides a comprehensive understanding of the enhanced distributed built-in electric field in g-C3N4 homojunctions for accelerating charge kinetics,but also offers a solid foundation for the development of efficient energy-conversion photocatalysts.展开更多
The publisher regrets the CRediT authorship contribution statement was inserted incorrectly and the correct statement should be updated as below:Zengji Liu:Writing-review&editing,Writing-original draft,Visualizati...The publisher regrets the CRediT authorship contribution statement was inserted incorrectly and the correct statement should be updated as below:Zengji Liu:Writing-review&editing,Writing-original draft,Visualization,Validation,Supervision,Software,Resources,Project administration,Methodology,Investigation,Funding acquisition,Formal analysis,Data curation,Conceptualization.Mengge Liu:Writing-review&editing,Writing-original draft,Investigation.Qi Wang:Writing-review&editing,Writing-original draft.Yi Tang:Writing-review&editing,Writing-original draft.展开更多
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62522313,62473207,U25A20301)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2024SMECP03)。
摘要Dear Editor,This letter addresses the challenge of achieving robust global coordination in multi-agent systems(MASs)subject to heterogeneous actuator saturation and additive input disturbances.We develop a novel distributed control framework that strategically integrates a redesigned saturation function to handle the nonlinear actuator constraint and a high-gain feedback mechanism for effective disturbance rejection.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(62273281,U22B2039,U24B20183)。
摘要Dear Editor,This letter addresses the distributed density regulation problem for large-scale robotic swarms.To accommodate swarm size,system dynamics are formulated within an Eulerian framework,modeling the swarm’s actual density distribution(ADD)as a probability distribution,with state transition probabilities governed by a Markov matrix.
基金support provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52274077)the Natural Science Foundation of Henan(No.242300421072)+2 种基金the Youth Elite Teachers Cultivation Program for Higher Education Institutions in Henan Province(No.2024GGJS036)the Funds for Distinguished Young Scholars of Henan Polytechnic University(No.J2023-3)the Young Core Teacher Funding Scheme of Henan Polytechnic University(No.2023XQG-09).
摘要This study examined non-uniform loading in goaf cantilever rock masses via testing,modeling,and mechanical analysis to solve instantaneous fracture and section buckling from mining abutment pressure.The study investigates the non-uniform load gradient effect on fracture characteristics,including load characteristics,fracture location,fracture distribution,and section roughness.A digital model for fracture interface buckling analysis was developed,elucidating the influence of non-uniform load gradients on Fracture Interface Curvature(FIC),Buckling Rate of Change(BRC),and Buckling Domain Field(BDF).The findings reveal that nonlinear tensile stress concentration and abrupt tensile-compressive-shear strain mutations under non-uniform loading are fundamental mechanisms driving fracture path buckling in cantilever rock mass structures.The buckling process of rock mass under non-uniform load can be divided into two stages:low load gradient and high gradient load.In the stage of low gradient load,the buckling behavior is mainly reflected in the compression-shear fracture of the edge.In the stage of high gradient load,a buckling band along the loading direction is gradually formed in the rock mass.These buckling principles establish a theoretical basis for accurately characterizing bearing fractures,fracture interface instability,and vibration sources within overlying cantilever rock masses in goaf.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U24B20183,U22B2039,62273281)。
摘要Dear Editor,This letter proposes a distributed iterative learning model predictive control(LMPC)strategy for coordinated trajectory tracking of multiple unmanned surface vehicles(USVs).By learning from previously feasible control and state trajectories,each USV iteratively refines its input sequence to improve the accuracy of trajectory tracking and formation control.To tackle challenges such as system coupling,limited onboard computational resources,and communication constraints,the method integrates the alternating direction method of multipliers(ADMM)with iterative learning.The effectiveness and advantages of the proposed approach are demonstrated through comparison results.
摘要Distributed acoustic sensing(DAS)technology is widely used in seismic monitoring,intrusion detection,and other fields due to its advantages of wide monitoring range and low cost.However,the problems of complex signal processing and large data volume limit its applications.This paper proposes a downsampling method based on short-time Fourier transform,which reduces the length of the time series while retaining high-frequency information.Experiments show that this method improves the efficiency and classification performance of the model,with an F1 value of 0.9147 on a four-class private dataset and an accuracy of 0.9944 on a two-class public dataset.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62105007)the Key Program of Marine Economy Development Special Foundation of the Department of Natural Resources of Guangdong Province(GDNRC[2020]045)the Financial Support from China Geological Survey(DD20221703)。
摘要Marine seismic exploration is traditionally conducted using towed streamers to investigate the geological structure of sea shelves and identify mineral deposits.Conventional streamers typically use piezoelectric hydrophones or fiber-optic interferometric hydrophones,which are complex,costly,and challenging to manufacture.In this study,we introduced a fiber-optic marine towed streamer seismic acquisition system based on distributed acoustic sensing technology.This system features a simplified design by removing the need for optical components within the streamer,thereby streamlining system architecture and manufacturing.The system's effectiveness was validated through a sea trial conducted in the slope zone of a basin,with water depths ranging from 500 to 2000 m.Notably,this study represents the first successful application of distributed fiber-optic towed streamers for marine seismic exploration,enabling the effective detection of complex sedimentary structures in the surveyed area.The results underscore the significant potential of distributed fiber-optic towed streamers for seismic exploration,paving the way for advancements in marine seismic technologies.
基金support of her postdoctoral research at the GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences.P.Pan acknowledges the financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52339001)H.Hofmann and Y.Ji acknowledge the financial support of the Helmholtz Association's Initiative and Networking Fund for the Helmholtz Young Investigator Group ARES(contract number VH-NG-1516).
摘要A multi-stage stress relaxation test was performed on a granodiorite sample to understand the deformation process prior to the macroscopic failure of brittle rocks,as well as the transient response during stress relaxation.Distributed optical fiber sensing was used to measure strains across the sample surface by helically wrapping the single-mode fiber around the cylindrical sample.Close agreement was observed between the circumferential strains obtained from the optical fibers and the extensometer.The reconstructed full-field strain contours show strain heterogeneity from the crack closure phase,and the strains in the later deformation phase are dominantly localized within the former high-strain zone.The Gini coefficient was used to quantify the degree of strain localization and shows an initial increase during the crack closure phase,a decrease during the linear elastic phase,and a subsequent increase during the post-yielding phase.This behavior corresponds to a process of initial localization from an imperfect boundary condition,homogenization,and eventual relocalization prior to the macroscopic failure of the sample.The transient strain rate decay during the stress relaxation phase was quantified using the p-value in the"Omori-like"power law function.A higher initial stress at the onset of relaxation results in a lower p-value,indicating a slower strain rate decay.As the sample approaches macroscopic failure,the lowest p-value shifts from the most damaged zone to adjacent areas,suggesting stress redistribution or crack propagation in deformed crystalline rocks under stress relaxation conditions.
基金supported in part by the 2024 National Society Project for Supporting National Strategies,under the program titled“Key Technology Roadmap for AI-Oriented Computing Power Networks”。
摘要The explosive proliferation of Large Language Models(LLMs)imposes significant energy and operational burdens on Geographically Distributed Data Centers(GDDCs),thereby demanding an efficient mechanism for LLMs task scheduling.While prior geo-distributed scheduling methods reduce cost and carbon emissions by exploiting regional heterogeneity,they largely overlook model and data reuse opportunities and the uncertainty of LLM execution times.In this paper,we introduce GCOS,to the best of our knowledge,the first green scheduling framework that incorporates a dual-cache system for both data and models,while jointly optimizing task assignment and cache migration.We firstly propose a dual-cache mechanism that decouples model and data caching to enable fine-grained reuse and minimize redundant transmissions.Subsequently,we propose the Multi-Agent Cache-aware Cooperative Scheduling(MACCS)algorithm,which leverages reinforcement learning to optimize task placement with a focus on minimizing both carbon emissions and cost.Additionally,we design a lightweight execution time predictor,DiPTree,to address the high variability in task execution times.Extensive experiments on real-world datasets demonstrate that GCOS reduces overall cost by up to 92.6%and carbon emissions by 90.3%,significantly outperforming existing baselines.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62173121,12301185,6257317362473135)。
摘要This paper discusses adaptive distributed optimization with predefined accuracy for high-order nonlinear multi-agent systems(MASs)that are subject to disturbances and nonlinear uncertainties.To estimate the global optimal solution in realtime,a distributed proportional-integral optimization technique is used to generate a virtual system for each agent.For the unknown control gain of the controller,the Nussbaum function is employed.Then,a fuzzy adaptive observer is designed to estimate the unmeasured state by leveraging the general approximation capabilities of fuzzy logic systems.Using the Lyapunov stability method and backstepping technique,we develop the adaptive law and a new distributed controller.This ensures that the outputs of multi-agent systems converge to optimal values.Finally,a simulation example is used to confirm the viability of the presented control mechanism.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62373022,U2241217,62141604)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(4252043,JQ23019)+4 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(JKF-2025037448805,JKF-2025086098295)the Aeronautical Science Fund(2023Z034051001)the Academic Excellence Foundation of BUAA for Ph.D. Studentsthe Science and Technology Innovation2030—Key Project of New Generation Artificial Intelligence(2020AAA0108200)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB3305600)。
摘要An attack-resilient distributed Nash equilibrium(NE) seeking problem is addressed for noncooperative games of networked systems under malicious cyber-attacks,i.e.,false data injection(FDI) attacks.Different from many existing distributed NE seeking works,it is practical and challenging to get resilient adaptively distributed NE seeking under unknown and unbounded FDI attacks.An attack-resilient NE seeking algorithm that is distributed(i.e.,independent of global information on the graph's algebraic connectivity,Lipschitz and monotone constants of pseudo-gradients,or number of players),is presented by means of incorporating the consensus-based gradient play with a distributed attack identifier so as to achieve simultaneous NE seeking and attack identification asymptotically.Another key characteristic is that FDI attacks are allowed to be unknown and unbounded.By exploiting nonsmooth analysis and stability theory,the global asymptotic convergence of the developed algorithm to the NE is ensured.Moreover,we extend this design to further consider the attack-resilient NE seeking of double-integrator players.Lastly,numerical simulation and practical experiment results are presented to validate the developed algorithms' effectiveness.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42030701 and 42107153)the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by China Association for Science and Technology(Grant No.YESS20200304).
摘要Understanding the factors influencingdistributed acoustic sensing(DAS)signal response is essential for advancing rockfall monitoring technologies.This study presents a comprehensive fieldexperiment investigating the impact of gauge lengths,installation methods,and fiber-optic cable packaging structures on DAS signals from simulated rockfall impacts.A deployed fiber-optic array with varied cables and installation conditions recorded signals across four-gauge lengths,three installation methods,and four cable types,evaluated using sensitivity and fidelitymetrics.Key findingsconfirmthat while increased gauge length boosts sensitivity,it detrimentally reduces fidelity;consequently,a 2-m gauge length is recommended for high-frequency rockfall seismic signals.Well-coupled direct burial significantly enhances signal sensitivity and fidelity,whereas poorly coupled methods(cased conduit,ground deployment)introduce“weak coupling noise”and pseudo waveforms.Fiber-optic cable properties—diameter,Young’s modulus,and internal structural contacts—also critically affect signal quality.Balancing signal performance with operational practicality,a high-strength,lightweight fiber-optic cable with favorable DAS characteristics is recommended for mountainous rockfall monitoring.These findingsprovide crucial insights and practical guidelines for optimizing the design and deployment of DAS-based rockfall monitoring systems in challenging terrains.
基金the Key Laboratory of Higher Education of Sichuan Province for Enterprise Informationalization and Internet of Things(No.2022WZJ02)the Nature Science Foundation of Sichuan University of Science&Engineering(No.2020RC32)+1 种基金the Graduate Course Construction Project of Sichuan University of Science&Engineering,Supported by the Opening Fund of Ar-tificial Intelligence Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province(No.2023RYY02)the Graduate Course Construc-tion Project of Sichuan University of Science&Engi-neering(Nos.AL202213 and SZ202310)。
摘要Remote sensing image classification using deep learning methods faces challenges such as high complexity,significant computational demands,and inefficiency on resource-constrained devices,while also being affected by issues like class similarity and spatial distribution.Current convolutional neural networks rely on stacking small convolutional kernels for feature learning,which results in relatively low classification accuracy,while their dependence on centralized learning architectures with high-performance GPUs/CPUs incurs substantial training costs.Therefore,this paper proposes a distributed rapid classification method for high-similarity natural scene remote sensing images using an improved VGG19 model(RS-VGG19)that combines residual connections and attention mechanisms.By introducing residual connections,the method improves training convergence speed and high-level feature learning ability,effectively preventing gradient vanishing during training.Embedding the SENet visual attention module in the tenth convolution layer allows the model to more specifically extract similar and significant features in remote sensing images.By employing a combination of cross-entropy and center loss functions,the model is able to learn features with reduced intra-class variance and increased inter-class variance,further enhancing classification accuracy.The distributed inference framework Spark is employed for decentralized model training,storing large-scale remote sensing images in the distributed file system HDFS,and accessing the pre-trained RS-VGG19 model in Docker containers on cluster nodes for distributed inference and classification using PySpark.Experimental results show that on two commonly used high-similarity remote sensing image datasets,NWPU-RESISC45 and UCMerced Land-Use,the RS-VGG19 model improves classification accuracy by 6.57%and 8.76%respectively compared to the original VGG19 model,and significantly enhances accuracy compared to other related classification models.This demonstrates the superior performance of the proposed structure and loss function fusion strategy in remote sensing image classification tasks.On the large-scale remote sensing image inference dataset NWPU-RESISC45,while maintaining classification accuracy,the distributed inference framework achieved a speedup of 11.9 when using six nodes,an improvement of 98.33%over theoretical linear speedup(6.00),reducing dependency on high-end hardware resources and significantly improving the classification speed of high-similarity natural scene remote sensing images.
基金financiallysupported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42225702,42461160266,and 42407250).
摘要On January 7,2025,an MS6.8 earthquake occurred in Dingri County,Xizang Autonomous Region,China,with the epicenter located at(28.50°N,87.45°E),as reported by the China Earthquake Networks Center.Real-time distributed acoustic sensing(DAS)has been conducted since November 20,2024,using a 528-m fiberoptic cable deployed in Nyingchi,approximately 700 km from the epicenter.Following the MS6.8 Dingri earthquake,DAS recordings,sampled at 100 Hz,of the mainshock and aftershocks were used to analyze the characteristics of the earthquake source.By applying the spectral ratio method combined with the Boatwright model,the source parameters of the aftershocks were inverted,revealing a pronounced difference in the frequency range of energy release between the mainshock and aftershocks.In addition,multichannel analysis of surface waves(MASW)using ambient noise before and after the event reveals a variation of less than 5% in the 0-30 m S-wave velocity profile.The results indicate that the earthquake sequence had a negligible influenceon the monitoring site.This study highlights that even a sub-kilometer DAS array can serve as an effective supplementary tool for seismic monitoring,demonstrating its ability to capture critical seismic data despite the cable length constraints.
基金supported by the Smart Grid-National Science and Technology Major Project(2025ZD0804500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 52307232the Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 2024JJ4055.
摘要The hybrid series-parallel microgrid attracts more attention by combining the advantages of both the series-stacked voltage and parallel-expanded capacity.Low-voltage distributed generations(DGs)are connected in series to form the intra-string,and then multiple strings are interconnected in parallel.For the existing control strategies,both intra-string and inter-string depend on the centralized or distributed control with high communication reliance.It has limited scalability and redundancy under abnormal conditions.Alternatively,in this study,an intra-string distributed and inter-string decentralized control framework is proposed.Within the string,a few DGs close to the AC bus are the leaders to get the string power information and the rest DGs are the followers to acquire the synchronization information through the droop-based distributed consistency.Specifically,the output of the entire string has the active power−angular frequency(ω-P)droop characteristic,and the decentralized control among strings can be autonomously guaranteed.Moreover,the secondary control is designed to realize multi-mode objectives,including on/off-grid mode switching,grid-connected power interactive management,and off-grid voltage quality regulation.As a result,the proposed method has the ability of plug-and-play capabilities,single-point failure redundancy,and seamless mode-switching.Experimental results are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed practical solution.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Project of Southern Power Grid Guangxi Power Grid Co.,Ltd.(GXKJXM20222157).
摘要The increasing integration of distributed generation(DG)and energy storage systems(ESS)has significantly enhanced the flexibility and efficiency of distribution networks.However,the growing frequency of extreme weather events has exposed the vulnerability of distribution lines,posing serious challenges to the reliability and resilience of such systems.Existing DG and ESS planning models often neglect this vulnerability dimension,leading to suboptimal siting decisions and reduced system robustness.To address this issue,this paper proposes a comprehensive multi-objective optimization framework that coordinates the allocation of DG and ESS and explicitly incorporates line vulnerability under extreme weather conditions.The vulnerability index of each distribution line is first evaluated through Monte Carlo simulations that capture the probabilistic influence of micro-climatic and terrain factors.This assessment serves as a pre-processing stage that screens out high-risk lines and thereby constrains the optimization decision space to more reliable nodes for DG and ESS deployment.Building upon this filtered network,a multi-objective optimization model is established to determine the optimal siting and capacities of DG and ESS.The optimization simultaneously minimizes the total annual cost,which includes investment,operation,and maintenance expenses,as well as network power losses,while improving overall system resilience.A case study on a modified IEEE 33-bus distribution system verifies the effectiveness of the proposed method.The results demonstrate that vulnerability-aware planning achieves a better balance between cost and reliability compared with conventional approaches.Specifically,the proposed strategy reduces annual network losses and outage durations while maintaining voltage stability with respect to climate-adjusted line failure rates.Furthermore,the integration of ESS enables effective peak shaving and valley filling,improving system efficiency and operational flexibility.These findings confirm that incorporating line vulnerability into DG and ESS planning provides a practical and scalable pathway for enhancing the resilience and economy of distribution networks.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(62035009,U22A2087)Guangdong Introducing Innovative and Entrepreneurial Teams of“The Pearl River Talent Recruitment Program”(2019ZT08X340)Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province(202403021211159)。
摘要Synchronization of chaos in laser diodes has inspired advancements in physical-layer encryption communication,offering benefits such as high speed,extended range,and favorable compatibility.Nonetheless,a significant challenge persists in developing a synchronous chaotic transceiver with an extensive hardware key space without increasing system complexity.In this study,we propose the utilization of monolithically integrated dual distributed Bragg grating lasers(DDBGLs)to construct a synchronous chaotic transceiver with a large hardware key space.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62373312,62173079,62573104)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2682025XJ007)Hebei Natural Science Foundation(F2025501051)。
摘要In this paper,a novel distributed braking scheme is proposed for automatic heavy-haul trains equipped with an electronically controlled pneumatic(ECP)braking system.The scheme consists of a coupler force compensator and a cooperative controller.The compensator is designed to counteract the coupler force acting on each car,i.e.,the forces from its front and rear adjacent cars.With this compensation,the braking control problem is transformed into a platooning problem of multiple vehicles.The cooperative controller then regulates the velocity and position of adjacent cars.Numerical studies using MATLAB and the Universal Mechanism simulator are conducted to verify the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed scheme.
基金funded by the Science and Technology Project of the Headquarters of State Grid Corporation of China(Project No.5100-202306384A-2-3-XG).
摘要Given that the power grid partitioning method relying mainly on line reactive power flow information sees frequent changes in partitioning results with reactive power flow fluctuations under high-proportion fixed-powerfactor PV-connected distribution networks,and traditional distributed PV collaborative optimization fails to adapt due to such changes,a stable partitioning and distributed PV collaborative optimization method for this scenario is proposed.Firstly,the Gaussian mixture model(GMM)is used to characterize the characteristics of PV reactive power output,obtaining the typical curve of PV reactive power output.Secondly,the Monte Carlo Simulation(MCS)probabilistic power flow calculation is performed to obtain the node voltage distribution of the distribution network.Thirdly,based on the node voltage distribution,the Earth Mover’s Distance(EMD)is used to obtain the statistical distance between any two nodes,and this statistical distance is combined with the electrical distance defined by node voltage sensitivity to form a comprehensive electrical distance.Then,the affinity propagation clustering algorithm is applied,and considering the dynamic reactive power margin requirement,the reactive power/voltage partitioning result is obtained.Based on the reactive power partitioning result,a reactive power optimization model is established with the minimum active power loss of the system as the objective function.The optimization model is convexified using the LinDistFlow equation,and the Alternating Direction Multiplier Method(ADMM)is adopted to coordinate the reactive power output of PV inverters in each partition,achieving global optimal voltage control in the distribution network.Finally,the proposed method is verified using the IEEE 33-bus system.The application of this method reduces the system power loss by 35.94%.Compared with the traditional partitioning method,the partitioning variation rate under Scenario 1 is reduced by 54.17%and that under Scenario 2 is reduced by 70.85%when this method is adopted.This fully demonstrates that the partitioning results of the proposed method are stable,and the collaborative optimization method can improve the system voltage stability and reduce the system power loss.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52072196,52002200,52102106,52202262,22379081,22379080)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2020ZD09)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2020QE063,ZR202108180009,ZR2023QE059)。
摘要The rational design of g-C3N4 homojunctions that inherits its structural merits holds great promise for efficient photocatalytic energy conversion.However,the unfavorable band alignment and scarce interface between different regions in g-C3N4 homojunction often fails to provide sufficient driving force for ultrafast charge separation.Herein,a multi-interfacial g-C3N4 S-scheme(SBCNNH4 KNa)homojunction with spatially distributed built-in electric field was fabricated,involving region-specific doping of sulfur and boron via a shear-rejoint strategy to boost photocatalytic H2 evolution activity.Systematic experiments and theoretical studies indicated that the staggered band alignment and work function offset synergistically induced by S-and B-doping in the g-C3N4 homojunction favored the establishment of the built-in electric field to accelerate the directional S-scheme charge migration.More significantly,the enhanced distributed built-in electric fields can drive carriers transfer along the multi-directional pathways to induce intramolecular charge redistribution,thoroughly elongating the carrier lifetime by suppressing recombination.Benefiting from these,the resulting SBCNNH4 KNa homojunction performed an exceptional photocatalytic H2 evolution activity,which was 2.45,4.71 and 2.06 times than that of SCNNH4 KNa,BCNNH4 KNa and SBCNKNa,respectively.This work not only provides a comprehensive understanding of the enhanced distributed built-in electric field in g-C3N4 homojunctions for accelerating charge kinetics,but also offers a solid foundation for the development of efficient energy-conversion photocatalysts.
摘要The publisher regrets the CRediT authorship contribution statement was inserted incorrectly and the correct statement should be updated as below:Zengji Liu:Writing-review&editing,Writing-original draft,Visualization,Validation,Supervision,Software,Resources,Project administration,Methodology,Investigation,Funding acquisition,Formal analysis,Data curation,Conceptualization.Mengge Liu:Writing-review&editing,Writing-original draft,Investigation.Qi Wang:Writing-review&editing,Writing-original draft.Yi Tang:Writing-review&editing,Writing-original draft.