Flotation reagents have a complex behaviour in the beneficiation of base minerals in clayey ores.Interaction effects of reagents on the efficiency of copper flotation for a highly clayey low-grade sulphide ore were in...Flotation reagents have a complex behaviour in the beneficiation of base minerals in clayey ores.Interaction effects of reagents on the efficiency of copper flotation for a highly clayey low-grade sulphide ore were investigated using a central composite design.Preliminary results showed that sodium-isopropyl-xanthate(SIPX)and O-isopropyl-N-ethyl-thionocarbamate(IPETC)were found to be the most efficient collectors in the presence of lime as the pH regulator.The effects of dosage of collectors(SIPX and IPETC)and the dosage of methyl-isobutyl-carbonyl(MIBC)as frother on the separation efficiency were evaluated at different pH levels.Based on the analysis of variance(ANOVA),the interaction effects of the collector−pH and collector−frother were significant for the separation efficiency.At the low level of collector dosage,increasing pH from 9 to 11 enhanced copper separation efficiency from 81%to 86%for IPETC and from 77%to 86%for SIPX.Results of ANOVA showed that the maximum copper separation efficiency(88.7%)was obtained at the dosages of 8.6 g SIPX,7 g IPETC and 20 g MIBC at pH 11.Finally,it was concluded that a mixture of SIPX and IPETC collectors was more suitable to treat highly clayey sulphide ores.展开更多
The mechanical gas seal of aero engine has to face the problems of high wear rate and short lifetime.Surface texture has shown beneficial effects over the tribological characteristics.Here,a hydrodynamic model for dim...The mechanical gas seal of aero engine has to face the problems of high wear rate and short lifetime.Surface texture has shown beneficial effects over the tribological characteristics.Here,a hydrodynamic model for dimpled annular area of mechanical gas seal considering the″interaction effect″between adjacent dimples is developed based on the Reynolds equation.Different multi-row columns are chosen and the dimensionless pressure in radial and circumferential directions is calculated.The results indicate that the″interaction effect″is more obvious in the circumferential direction than in the radial direction,even when the area and depth of the dimples are same.Moreover,for the 5×5column,the dimensionless average pressure considering the″interaction effect″increases by45.41% compared with the 1×5column.Further analysis demonstrates that the model with the 5×5column can be more reasonable with the consideration of reducing the calculation error caused by boundary conditions to investigate the hydrodynamic effect for dimpled mechanical gas seal.展开更多
Taking the yield in the second group of Guizhou silage maize regional test in 2019 as data information, 8 experimental sites and 12 silage maize varieties as experimental objects, the interaction effect between gene a...Taking the yield in the second group of Guizhou silage maize regional test in 2019 as data information, 8 experimental sites and 12 silage maize varieties as experimental objects, the interaction effect between gene and environment was analyzed by using AMMI model. The results showed that the average fresh weight yield of each variety was 3 199.5~3 976.6 kg/667m2, among them, 5 varieties had an increase in the yield. Variety variation accounted for 10.51% of the total variation;experimental site variation accounted for 63.22% of the total variation;interaction effect variation between gene and environment accounted for 26.28% of the total variation;IPCA1 and IPCA2 variation accounted for 50.7% and 31.2% of the interaction variation, respectively;IPCA3 variation accounted for 7.25% of the interaction variation. g_4, g_8, g_9, g_10, g_11 and g_12 had better adaptability to e_1, e_2, e_6 and e_7;while g_1, g_2, g_3, g_5, g_6 and g_7 had better adaptability to e_3, e_4, e_5 and e_8. In consideration of yield, g_1(Huinongqing 2) and g_9(Xinyu 666) were silage maize varieties with high and stable yield;g_3(Hemuyu 905), g_8(Wuhuayu 3) and g_11(Liangdu 191) had general stability, and their yield was higher than that of the control;g_12(Jinduyu 999) had the worst stability and low yield.展开更多
Numerous researches have focused on the physical behavior of an elastic material in the vicinity of a single hole under the assumption that the interaction effects arising from the introduction of multiple holes remai...Numerous researches have focused on the physical behavior of an elastic material in the vicinity of a single hole under the assumption that the interaction effects arising from the introduction of multiple holes remain negligible if the holes are placed sufficiently far from each other.In an effort to understand hole interaction effects on heat conduction and thermal stress,we consider the case when two circular holes are embedded in an infinite elastic material and use complex variable methods together with numerical analysis to obtain solutions describing temperature and elastic fields in the vicinity of the two circular holes.The results indicate that the interaction effects on temperature distribution and stress strongly depend on the relative size of the two holes and the distance placed between them but not on the actual size of the holes.展开更多
The strong force effect on gluon distribution of quark-gluon plasma and its influence on jet energy loss with detailed balance are studied. We solve the possibility equation and obtain the value of non-extensive param...The strong force effect on gluon distribution of quark-gluon plasma and its influence on jet energy loss with detailed balance are studied. We solve the possibility equation and obtain the value of non-extensive parameter q. In the presence of strong interaction, more gluons stay at low-energy state than the free gluon case. The strong interaction effect is found to be important for jet energy loss with detailed balance at intermediate jet energy. The energy gain via absorption increases with the strong interaction. This will affect the nuclear modification factor RAA and the parameter of q at intermediate jet energy.展开更多
The stabilities of the complexes of three pyridine-like ligands with M(II)(ATP)2- and M(II)(M=Ni,Co)were studied by spectrophotometry and by comparing the stability constants of the ternary complexes with these of ...The stabilities of the complexes of three pyridine-like ligands with M(II)(ATP)2- and M(II)(M=Ni,Co)were studied by spectrophotometry and by comparing the stability constants of the ternary complexes with these of the binary complexes.A stacking interaction between the pyridine ring and the purine ring of ATP is indicated.The general existence of the stacking interaction encourages us to interpret the antitumor mechanism of a new class of antitumor drugs.展开更多
Underwater vehicles operating in close proximity suffer from significant hydrodynamic interactions,espe-cially when there is a prominent vehicle size disparity.To gain profound insights into the physical mech-anisms o...Underwater vehicles operating in close proximity suffer from significant hydrodynamic interactions,espe-cially when there is a prominent vehicle size disparity.To gain profound insights into the physical mech-anisms of interaction effects,this paper investigates the hydrodynamic interactions between a submarine model(SUBOFF)and a much smaller Unmanned Underwater Vehicle(UUV)model using the Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS)method.Firstly,the resistance of SUBOFF is predicted for Verification and Validation(V&V)purpose,from which satisfactory numerical accuracies are achieved.Subsequently,hydrodynamic forces and moments on the two vehicles are predicted,considering 60 layouts with different relative vehicle positions.The simulated flow fields indicate that remarkable impacts on the UUV longitudinal force are due to the distinct flow disturbances and shelter effects caused by the submarine sail.In general,the presence of submarine causes considerable flow variations,resulting in notable vertical forces and pitch moments on UUV.The results further suggest that placing the UUV above the SUBOFF middle-body in a limited region is more favorable.Finally,it is found that keeping the UUV pitch angle below 2°is helpful to avoid apparent increases in vertical force and pitch moment on UUV.展开更多
Objective:Severe diastasis recti abdominis(DRA)in the postpartum period may lead to long‑term functional impairment in women.However,the independent effects and interactions of perinatal risk factors during the early ...Objective:Severe diastasis recti abdominis(DRA)in the postpartum period may lead to long‑term functional impairment in women.However,the independent effects and interactions of perinatal risk factors during the early postpartum recovery window have not been fully elucidated.This study aims to analyze the risk factors and interaction effects associated with severe postpartum DRA and to identify characteristics of high‑risk populations.Methods:This retrospective cohort study included postpartum women who underwent postpartum rehabilitation treatment at Hengyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital between January 2019 and August 2022,with a postpartum interval of 42 to 180 d.The inter-rectus distance was measured using palpation combined with caliper assessment.According to the inter-rectus distance,participants were divided into 4 groups:A severe DRA group(separation distance≥4 cm),a moderate DRA group(3.0 to 3.9 cm),a mild DRA group(2.0 to 2.9 cm),and a normal group(<2 cm).The moderate DRA,mild DRA,and normal groups were combined as the control group.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis was used to evaluate continuous variables and determine optimal cutoff values for stratification.The chi-square test was used to compare differences in influencing factors between the severe DRA group and the control group.Binary Logistic regression analysis was further performed to investigate the effects of various factors on severe DRA,and interaction analysis within the binary Logistic regression model was used to identify high-risk populations.Results:A total of 525 postpartum women were ultimately included,including 112 in the severe DRA group,257 in the moderate DRA group,98 in the mild DRA group,and 58 in the normal group.The overall incidence of DRA was 89.0%,while the incidence of severe DRA was 21.3%.The diagnostic cutoff values for body mass index(BMI),neonatal birth weight,and gestational weight gain were 22.55 kg/m2,3350 g,and 12.25 kg,respectively.Participants with BMI≥22.55 kg/m2,neonatal birth weight≥3350 g,gestational weight gain≥12.25 kg,multiparity,cesarean delivery,or number of fetuses≥2 had significantly higher incidences of severe DRA(all P<0.05).Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that neonatal birth weight≥3350 g,gestational weight gain≥12.25 kg,cesarean delivery,and multiparity were independent risk factors for severe DRA(all P<0.05).The interaction among neonatal birth weight≥3350 g,multiparity,and cesarean delivery showed the strongest association with severe DRA(OR=7.10,95%CI 3.43 to 14.71).When all 3 risk factors were present simultaneously,the incidence of severe DRA reached 61.76%.Conclusion:Neonatal birth weight≥3350 g,gestational weight gain≥12.25 kg,cesarean delivery,and multiparity are important independent risk factors for severe postpartum DRA,and significant synergistic amplification effects exist among these factors.This study clarified the characteristics of high-risk populations and may provide a basis for targeted early screening and intervention.展开更多
Local Climate Zones(LCZs)provide a standardized framework for analyzing urban thermal environment.Examining the interactive effects of building and green space patterns on land surface temperature(LST)within LCZs is e...Local Climate Zones(LCZs)provide a standardized framework for analyzing urban thermal environment.Examining the interactive effects of building and green space patterns on land surface temperature(LST)within LCZs is essential for uncovering urban cooling mechanisms and developing strategies for heat-mitigation urban design.Therefore,this study employed one-way ANOVA and Duncan's multiple comparison to test compare the significant differences of LST among LCZs 1-6,and applied the XGBoost model to quantify the interactive effects of building and green space indicators on LST,and to identify the threshold ranges of their cooling effects.The results showed that LCZ 2 exhibited the highest LST,while LCZ 4 recorded the lowest.Average building volume(BAV),building coverage ratio(BCR),green cover area(GCA),and the total edge length of green space(GTE)were identified as the key indicators driving the interactive effects on LST.In LCZ 2,when BAV exceeded 1800 m3,the interaction of higher GCA and GTE contributed to lower LST.When BCR was less than 0.6 in LCZs 4-5,lower GCA and GTE values enhanced the LST reduction.The results provided a strategic basis for urban thermal environment mitigation and sustainable development under the LCZ framework.展开更多
The present article provides supplementary information of previous works of analytic models for predicting conductivity enhancements of carbon nanotube composites.The models,though fairly simple,are able to take accou...The present article provides supplementary information of previous works of analytic models for predicting conductivity enhancements of carbon nanotube composites.The models,though fairly simple,are able to take account of the effects of conductivity anisotropy,nonstraightness,and aspect ratio of the CNT additives on the conductivity enhancement of the composite and to give predictions agreeing well with existing experimental data.The omitted detailed derivation of this model is demonstrated in the present article with a more systematical analysis,which may help with further development in this direction.Furthermore,the effects of various orientation distributions of CNTs are reported here for the first time.The information may be useful in design or fabrication technology of CNT composites for better or specified conductivities.展开更多
To gain a better understanding of the anticancer effects of hydroxyapatite (HAP) nanoparticles in vivo and in vitro, the effects of the interaction of HAP nanoparticles with hepatoma cells were explored. HAP nanopar...To gain a better understanding of the anticancer effects of hydroxyapatite (HAP) nanoparticles in vivo and in vitro, the effects of the interaction of HAP nanoparticles with hepatoma cells were explored. HAP nanoparticles were prepared by homogeneous precipitation and characterized by laser particle analysis and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). HAP nanoparticles were observed to be uniformly distributed, with rod-like shapes and diameters in the range of 42.1-87.1 nm. Overnight attached, suspended, and proliferating Bel-7402 cells were incubated with HAP nanoparticles. Inverted microscopy observation revealed that HAP nanoparticles with a cell membrane showed good adsorption. TEM demonstrated that HAP nanoparticles were present on the surface of cells, continuously taken up by cells through endocytosis, and transported in vesicles close to the nucleus. Fluorescence microscopy showed that the concentrations of intracellular Ca2+ labeled with Fluo-3 calcium fluorescent probe were significantly enhanced. In addition, inverted microscopy observation revealed that suspended cells treated with HAP nanoparticles did not adhere to the culture bottle, resulting in cell death. After the overnight attached cells were treated with HAP nanoparticles for 96 h with increasing doses of HAP nanoparticles, inverted microscopy observation revealed that cell proliferation was slowed and ceU-ceU adhesion was weakened. Feulgen staining and image analysis indicated that the nuclear DNA content of the cells was markedly reduced, and argyrophilic nucleolar organizer region (AgNOR) staining and image analysis indicated that the number of AgNORs was significantly decreased. Therefore, hepatoma cells brought about the adsorption, uptake, transport and degradation of HAP nanoparticles. In addition, HAP nanoparticles affected hepatoma cells with regard to cell-cell adhesion, cell and extracellular matrix adhesion, and DNA and protein synthesis; thus inhibiting cell proliferation. This understanding of the effects of interaction between HAP nanoparticles and hepatoma cells is useful for further study of the anticancer mechanisms of HAP nanoparticles.展开更多
Mechanism interaction between cracks with different orientation angles is analyzed based on the principle of superposition and a flattening method. It is found that the maximum interaction effect does not occur when t...Mechanism interaction between cracks with different orientation angles is analyzed based on the principle of superposition and a flattening method. It is found that the maximum interaction effect does not occur when the microcrack is along the direction parallel or perpendicular to the principal tensile stress, which is different from the conclusion drawn by Ortiz (1987). The mechanism of microcrack generation and the effect of the microcrack zone on the main crack tip are studied. It is concluded that the microcrack zone has effect on the main crack tip, which increases with the increase of microcrack density and length.展开更多
A genetic model was proposed for simultaneously analyzing genetic effects of nuclear,cytoplasm,and nuclear-cytoplasmic interaction(NCI)as well as their genotype by environment(GE)interaction for quantitative traits of...A genetic model was proposed for simultaneously analyzing genetic effects of nuclear,cytoplasm,and nuclear-cytoplasmic interaction(NCI)as well as their genotype by environment(GE)interaction for quantitative traits of diploid plants.In the model,the NCI effects were further partitioned into additive and dominance nuclear-cytoplasmic interaction components.Mixed linear model approaches were used for statistical analysis.On the basis of diallel cross designs,Monte Carlo simulations showed that the genetic model was robust for estimating variance components under several situations without specific effects.Random genetic effects were predicted by an adjusted unbiased prediction(AUP)method.Data on four quantitative traits(boll number,lint percentage,fiber length,and micronaire)in Upland cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.)were analyzed as a worked example to show the effectiveness of the model.展开更多
The production of renewable energy is key to satisfying the increasing demand for energy without further increasing pollution.Harnessing ocean energy from waves has attracted attention due to its high energy density.T...The production of renewable energy is key to satisfying the increasing demand for energy without further increasing pollution.Harnessing ocean energy from waves has attracted attention due to its high energy density.This study compares two generations of floating heaving point absorber WEC,WaveEL 3.0 and WaveEL 4.0,regarding their power performance and mooring line fatigue characteristics,which are essen-tial in,e.g.,LCoE calculations.The main differences between the two WECs are the principal dimensions and minor differences in their geometries.The DNV software SESAM was used for simulations and anal-yses of these WECs in terms of buoy heave motion resonances for maximising energy harvesting,motion characteristics,mooring line forces,fatigue of mooring lines,and hydrodynamic power production.The first part of the study presents results from simulations of unit WEC in the frequency domain and in the time domain for regular wave and irregular sea state conditions.A verification of the two WECs’motion responses and axial mooring line forces is made against measurement data from a full-scale installation.In the second part of the study,the influence of interaction effects is investigated when the WECs are installed in wave parks.The wave park simulations used a fully-coupled non-linear method in SESAM that calculates the motions of the WECs and the mooring line forces simultaneously in the time domain.The amount of fatigue damage accumulated in the mooring lines was calculated using a relative tension-based fatigue analysis method and the rainflow counting method.Several factors that influence the power performance of the wave park and the accumulated fatigue damage of the mooring lines,for example,the WEC distance of the wave park,the sea state conditions,and the direction of incoming waves,are simulated and discussed.The study’s main conclusion is that WaveEL 4.0,which has a longer tube than WaveEL 3.0,absorbs more hydrodynamic energy due to larger heave motions and more efficient power production.At the same time,the accumulated fatigue damage in the moorings is lower compared to WaveEL 3.0 if the distance between the WECs in the wave park is not too short.Its motions in the hor-izontal plane are larger,which may require a larger distance between the WEC units in a wave park to avoid losing efficiency due to hydrodynamic interaction effects.展开更多
The seminal report ofα-diimine palladium and nickel catalysts in 1995 represented a major breakthrough in the preparation of functionalized polyolefin materials.Owing to the high abundance and low cost of nickel,nick...The seminal report ofα-diimine palladium and nickel catalysts in 1995 represented a major breakthrough in the preparation of functionalized polyolefin materials.Owing to the high abundance and low cost of nickel,nickel-based catalysts have great application prospects in the industrialization process of olefin coordination polymerization.In this work,various N-aryl substituents with different electronic effects were synthesized and introduced intoα-diimine ligands.The aspreparedα-diimine nickel catalysts showed high polymerization activity(0.9×107–3.0×107g·mol−1·h−1)in ethylene polymerization,generating polyethylene products with adjustable molecular weights(Mn values:7.4×104–146.9×104g·mol−1)and branching densities(31/1000 C–68/1000 C).The resulting polyethylene products showed excellent mechanical properties,with high tensile strength(up to 25.0 MPa)and high strain at break values(up to 3890%).The copolymerization of ethylene and polar monomers can also be achieved by these nicekel complexes,ultimately preparing functionalized polyolefins.展开更多
Air pollution has ever become a global major public health problem.Previous studies showed that air pollution is associated with excessive mortality and morbidity of respiratory disease[1-2].The extreme weather temper...Air pollution has ever become a global major public health problem.Previous studies showed that air pollution is associated with excessive mortality and morbidity of respiratory disease[1-2].The extreme weather temperature can impact human health and the thermal stresses can lead not only to direct deaths and illnesses,but also to aggravation of respiratory disease[3-4].Though the independent展开更多
We investigate the effects of pure Dzyaloshinskii Moriya (DM) interaction with magnetic field on entanglement in intrinsic decoherence, assuming that the system is initially in four Bell states |φ±〉 = (|00...We investigate the effects of pure Dzyaloshinskii Moriya (DM) interaction with magnetic field on entanglement in intrinsic decoherence, assuming that the system is initially in four Bell states |φ±〉 = (|00) ± |11〉)/√2 and |ψ±〉 = (|01) ±|10〉)/√2, respectively. It is found that if the system is initially in the state p1(0) = |φ+〉〈φ+1, the entanglement can obtain its maximum when the DM interaction vector D is in the plane of XOZ and magnetic field B = By with the infinite time t, moreover the entanglement is independent of By and t when By is perpendicular to D. In addition, we obtain similar results when the system is initially in the states p2(0) = |φ-〉〈φ-| or p3 (0) = |ψ+〉〈ψ+1. However, we find that if the system is initially in the state P4 (0) = |ψ-〉〈ψ-l, the entanglement can obtain its maximum for infinite t, when the DM vector is in the plane ofYOZ, XOZ, or XOY, with the magnetic field parallel to X, Y, or Z axis, respectively. Moreover, when the axial B is perpendicular to D for the initial state p4(O), the negativity oscillates with time t and reaches a stable value, the larger the value of B is, the greater the stable value is, and the shorter the oscillation time of the negativity is. Thus we can adjust the direction and value of the external magnetic field to obtain the maximal entanglement, and avoid the adverse effects of external environment in some initial state. This is feasible within the cun'ent experimental technology.展开更多
In this paper,we consider the statistical inference problems for the fixed effect and variance component functions in the two-way classification random effects model with skewnormal errors.Firstly,the exact test stati...In this paper,we consider the statistical inference problems for the fixed effect and variance component functions in the two-way classification random effects model with skewnormal errors.Firstly,the exact test statistic for the fixed effect is constructed.Secondly,using the Bootstrap approach and generalized approach,the one-sided hypothesis testing and interval estimation problems for the single variance component,the sum and ratio of variance components are discussed respectively.Further,the Monte Carlo simulation results indicate that the exact test statistic performs well in the one-sided hypothesis testing problem for the fixed effect.And the Bootstrap approach is better than the generalized approach in the one-sided hypothesis testing problems for variance component functions in most cases.Finally,the above approaches are applied to the real data examples of the consumer price index and value-added index of three industries to verify their rationality and effectiveness.展开更多
Fertilization or atmospheric deposition of nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)to terrestrial ecosystems can alter soil N(P)availability and the nature of nutrient limitation for plant growth.Changing the allocation of leaf P...Fertilization or atmospheric deposition of nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)to terrestrial ecosystems can alter soil N(P)availability and the nature of nutrient limitation for plant growth.Changing the allocation of leaf P fractions is potentially an adaptive strategy for plants to cope with soil N(P)availability and nutrient-limiting conditions.However,the impact of the interactions between imbalanced anthropogenic N and P inputs on the concentrations and allocation proportions of leaf P fractions in forest woody plants remains elusive.We conducted a metaanalysis of data about the concentrations and allocation proportions of leaf P fractions,specifically associated with individual and combined additions of N and P in evergreen forests,the dominant vegetation type in southern China where the primary productivity is usually considered limited by P.This assessment allowed us to quantitatively evaluate the effects of N and P additions alone and interactively on leaf P allocation and use strategies.Nitrogen addition(exacerbating P limitation)reduced the concentrations of leaf total P and different leaf P fractions.Nitrogen addition reduced the allocation to leaf metabolic P but increased the allocation to other fractions,while P addition showed opposite trends.The simultaneous additions of N and P showed an antagonistic(mutual suppression)effect on the concentrations of leaf P fractions,but an additive(summary)effect on the allocation proportions of leaf P fractions.These results highlight the importance of strategies of leaf P fraction allocation in forest plants under changes in environmental nutrient availability.Importantly,our study identified critical interactions associated with combined N and P inputs that affect leaf P fractions,thus aiding in predicting plant acclimation strategies in the context of intensifying and imbalanced anthropogenic nutrient inputs.展开更多
In a three-sphere system, the middle sphere is acted upon by two opposite depletion forces from the other two spheres. It is found that, in this system, the two depletion forces are coupled with each other and result ...In a three-sphere system, the middle sphere is acted upon by two opposite depletion forces from the other two spheres. It is found that, in this system, the two depletion forces are coupled with each other and result in a strengthened depletion force. So the difference of the depletion forces of the three-sphere system and its corresponding two two-sphere systems is introduced to describe the coupling effect of the depletion interactions. The numerical results obtained by Monte- Carlo simulations show that this coupling effect is affected by both the concentration of small spheres and the geometrical confinement. Meanwhile, it is also found that the mechanisms of the coupling effect and the effect on the depletion force from the ~eometry factor are the same.展开更多
摘要Flotation reagents have a complex behaviour in the beneficiation of base minerals in clayey ores.Interaction effects of reagents on the efficiency of copper flotation for a highly clayey low-grade sulphide ore were investigated using a central composite design.Preliminary results showed that sodium-isopropyl-xanthate(SIPX)and O-isopropyl-N-ethyl-thionocarbamate(IPETC)were found to be the most efficient collectors in the presence of lime as the pH regulator.The effects of dosage of collectors(SIPX and IPETC)and the dosage of methyl-isobutyl-carbonyl(MIBC)as frother on the separation efficiency were evaluated at different pH levels.Based on the analysis of variance(ANOVA),the interaction effects of the collector−pH and collector−frother were significant for the separation efficiency.At the low level of collector dosage,increasing pH from 9 to 11 enhanced copper separation efficiency from 81%to 86%for IPETC and from 77%to 86%for SIPX.Results of ANOVA showed that the maximum copper separation efficiency(88.7%)was obtained at the dosages of 8.6 g SIPX,7 g IPETC and 20 g MIBC at pH 11.Finally,it was concluded that a mixture of SIPX and IPETC collectors was more suitable to treat highly clayey sulphide ores.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51175246)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)the NUAA Research Funding(No.NP2013306)
摘要The mechanical gas seal of aero engine has to face the problems of high wear rate and short lifetime.Surface texture has shown beneficial effects over the tribological characteristics.Here,a hydrodynamic model for dimpled annular area of mechanical gas seal considering the″interaction effect″between adjacent dimples is developed based on the Reynolds equation.Different multi-row columns are chosen and the dimensionless pressure in radial and circumferential directions is calculated.The results indicate that the″interaction effect″is more obvious in the circumferential direction than in the radial direction,even when the area and depth of the dimples are same.Moreover,for the 5×5column,the dimensionless average pressure considering the″interaction effect″increases by45.41% compared with the 1×5column.Further analysis demonstrates that the model with the 5×5column can be more reasonable with the consideration of reducing the calculation error caused by boundary conditions to investigate the hydrodynamic effect for dimpled mechanical gas seal.
基金Supported by National Modern Agricultural Industrial Technology System。
摘要Taking the yield in the second group of Guizhou silage maize regional test in 2019 as data information, 8 experimental sites and 12 silage maize varieties as experimental objects, the interaction effect between gene and environment was analyzed by using AMMI model. The results showed that the average fresh weight yield of each variety was 3 199.5~3 976.6 kg/667m2, among them, 5 varieties had an increase in the yield. Variety variation accounted for 10.51% of the total variation;experimental site variation accounted for 63.22% of the total variation;interaction effect variation between gene and environment accounted for 26.28% of the total variation;IPCA1 and IPCA2 variation accounted for 50.7% and 31.2% of the interaction variation, respectively;IPCA3 variation accounted for 7.25% of the interaction variation. g_4, g_8, g_9, g_10, g_11 and g_12 had better adaptability to e_1, e_2, e_6 and e_7;while g_1, g_2, g_3, g_5, g_6 and g_7 had better adaptability to e_3, e_4, e_5 and e_8. In consideration of yield, g_1(Huinongqing 2) and g_9(Xinyu 666) were silage maize varieties with high and stable yield;g_3(Hemuyu 905), g_8(Wuhuayu 3) and g_11(Liangdu 191) had general stability, and their yield was higher than that of the control;g_12(Jinduyu 999) had the worst stability and low yield.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11902116)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2020M671313)the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(No.RGPIN 155112)。
摘要Numerous researches have focused on the physical behavior of an elastic material in the vicinity of a single hole under the assumption that the interaction effects arising from the introduction of multiple holes remain negligible if the holes are placed sufficiently far from each other.In an effort to understand hole interaction effects on heat conduction and thermal stress,we consider the case when two circular holes are embedded in an infinite elastic material and use complex variable methods together with numerical analysis to obtain solutions describing temperature and elastic fields in the vicinity of the two circular holes.The results indicate that the interaction effects on temperature distribution and stress strongly depend on the relative size of the two holes and the distance placed between them but not on the actual size of the holes.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No 11205024the Doctoral Scientific Fund Project of the Ministry of Education of China under Grant No 2012004112004
摘要The strong force effect on gluon distribution of quark-gluon plasma and its influence on jet energy loss with detailed balance are studied. We solve the possibility equation and obtain the value of non-extensive parameter q. In the presence of strong interaction, more gluons stay at low-energy state than the free gluon case. The strong interaction effect is found to be important for jet energy loss with detailed balance at intermediate jet energy. The energy gain via absorption increases with the strong interaction. This will affect the nuclear modification factor RAA and the parameter of q at intermediate jet energy.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of Chinathe Doctoral Program Foundation of Institution of High Education the Research Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry,Nanjing University.
摘要The stabilities of the complexes of three pyridine-like ligands with M(II)(ATP)2- and M(II)(M=Ni,Co)were studied by spectrophotometry and by comparing the stability constants of the ternary complexes with these of the binary complexes.A stacking interaction between the pyridine ring and the purine ring of ATP is indicated.The general existence of the stacking interaction encourages us to interpret the antitumor mechanism of a new class of antitumor drugs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51979164)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
摘要Underwater vehicles operating in close proximity suffer from significant hydrodynamic interactions,espe-cially when there is a prominent vehicle size disparity.To gain profound insights into the physical mech-anisms of interaction effects,this paper investigates the hydrodynamic interactions between a submarine model(SUBOFF)and a much smaller Unmanned Underwater Vehicle(UUV)model using the Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS)method.Firstly,the resistance of SUBOFF is predicted for Verification and Validation(V&V)purpose,from which satisfactory numerical accuracies are achieved.Subsequently,hydrodynamic forces and moments on the two vehicles are predicted,considering 60 layouts with different relative vehicle positions.The simulated flow fields indicate that remarkable impacts on the UUV longitudinal force are due to the distinct flow disturbances and shelter effects caused by the submarine sail.In general,the presence of submarine causes considerable flow variations,resulting in notable vertical forces and pitch moments on UUV.The results further suggest that placing the UUV above the SUBOFF middle-body in a limited region is more favorable.Finally,it is found that keeping the UUV pitch angle below 2°is helpful to avoid apparent increases in vertical force and pitch moment on UUV.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China(2024JJ7069)。
摘要Objective:Severe diastasis recti abdominis(DRA)in the postpartum period may lead to long‑term functional impairment in women.However,the independent effects and interactions of perinatal risk factors during the early postpartum recovery window have not been fully elucidated.This study aims to analyze the risk factors and interaction effects associated with severe postpartum DRA and to identify characteristics of high‑risk populations.Methods:This retrospective cohort study included postpartum women who underwent postpartum rehabilitation treatment at Hengyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital between January 2019 and August 2022,with a postpartum interval of 42 to 180 d.The inter-rectus distance was measured using palpation combined with caliper assessment.According to the inter-rectus distance,participants were divided into 4 groups:A severe DRA group(separation distance≥4 cm),a moderate DRA group(3.0 to 3.9 cm),a mild DRA group(2.0 to 2.9 cm),and a normal group(<2 cm).The moderate DRA,mild DRA,and normal groups were combined as the control group.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis was used to evaluate continuous variables and determine optimal cutoff values for stratification.The chi-square test was used to compare differences in influencing factors between the severe DRA group and the control group.Binary Logistic regression analysis was further performed to investigate the effects of various factors on severe DRA,and interaction analysis within the binary Logistic regression model was used to identify high-risk populations.Results:A total of 525 postpartum women were ultimately included,including 112 in the severe DRA group,257 in the moderate DRA group,98 in the mild DRA group,and 58 in the normal group.The overall incidence of DRA was 89.0%,while the incidence of severe DRA was 21.3%.The diagnostic cutoff values for body mass index(BMI),neonatal birth weight,and gestational weight gain were 22.55 kg/m2,3350 g,and 12.25 kg,respectively.Participants with BMI≥22.55 kg/m2,neonatal birth weight≥3350 g,gestational weight gain≥12.25 kg,multiparity,cesarean delivery,or number of fetuses≥2 had significantly higher incidences of severe DRA(all P<0.05).Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that neonatal birth weight≥3350 g,gestational weight gain≥12.25 kg,cesarean delivery,and multiparity were independent risk factors for severe DRA(all P<0.05).The interaction among neonatal birth weight≥3350 g,multiparity,and cesarean delivery showed the strongest association with severe DRA(OR=7.10,95%CI 3.43 to 14.71).When all 3 risk factors were present simultaneously,the incidence of severe DRA reached 61.76%.Conclusion:Neonatal birth weight≥3350 g,gestational weight gain≥12.25 kg,cesarean delivery,and multiparity are important independent risk factors for severe postpartum DRA,and significant synergistic amplification effects exist among these factors.This study clarified the characteristics of high-risk populations and may provide a basis for targeted early screening and intervention.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32271661,32130068).
摘要Local Climate Zones(LCZs)provide a standardized framework for analyzing urban thermal environment.Examining the interactive effects of building and green space patterns on land surface temperature(LST)within LCZs is essential for uncovering urban cooling mechanisms and developing strategies for heat-mitigation urban design.Therefore,this study employed one-way ANOVA and Duncan's multiple comparison to test compare the significant differences of LST among LCZs 1-6,and applied the XGBoost model to quantify the interactive effects of building and green space indicators on LST,and to identify the threshold ranges of their cooling effects.The results showed that LCZ 2 exhibited the highest LST,while LCZ 4 recorded the lowest.Average building volume(BAV),building coverage ratio(BCR),green cover area(GCA),and the total edge length of green space(GTE)were identified as the key indicators driving the interactive effects on LST.In LCZ 2,when BAV exceeded 1800 m3,the interaction of higher GCA and GTE contributed to lower LST.When BCR was less than 0.6 in LCZs 4-5,lower GCA and GTE values enhanced the LST reduction.The results provided a strategic basis for urban thermal environment mitigation and sustainable development under the LCZ framework.
摘要The present article provides supplementary information of previous works of analytic models for predicting conductivity enhancements of carbon nanotube composites.The models,though fairly simple,are able to take account of the effects of conductivity anisotropy,nonstraightness,and aspect ratio of the CNT additives on the conductivity enhancement of the composite and to give predictions agreeing well with existing experimental data.The omitted detailed derivation of this model is demonstrated in the present article with a more systematical analysis,which may help with further development in this direction.Furthermore,the effects of various orientation distributions of CNTs are reported here for the first time.The information may be useful in design or fabrication technology of CNT composites for better or specified conductivities.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81190133,51172171 and 51002109)the National Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province((No.2013CFB354)the Excellent Youth Innovative Research Team Foundation and Talents Project of Hubei Polytechnic University(No.13xtz01)
摘要To gain a better understanding of the anticancer effects of hydroxyapatite (HAP) nanoparticles in vivo and in vitro, the effects of the interaction of HAP nanoparticles with hepatoma cells were explored. HAP nanoparticles were prepared by homogeneous precipitation and characterized by laser particle analysis and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). HAP nanoparticles were observed to be uniformly distributed, with rod-like shapes and diameters in the range of 42.1-87.1 nm. Overnight attached, suspended, and proliferating Bel-7402 cells were incubated with HAP nanoparticles. Inverted microscopy observation revealed that HAP nanoparticles with a cell membrane showed good adsorption. TEM demonstrated that HAP nanoparticles were present on the surface of cells, continuously taken up by cells through endocytosis, and transported in vesicles close to the nucleus. Fluorescence microscopy showed that the concentrations of intracellular Ca2+ labeled with Fluo-3 calcium fluorescent probe were significantly enhanced. In addition, inverted microscopy observation revealed that suspended cells treated with HAP nanoparticles did not adhere to the culture bottle, resulting in cell death. After the overnight attached cells were treated with HAP nanoparticles for 96 h with increasing doses of HAP nanoparticles, inverted microscopy observation revealed that cell proliferation was slowed and ceU-ceU adhesion was weakened. Feulgen staining and image analysis indicated that the nuclear DNA content of the cells was markedly reduced, and argyrophilic nucleolar organizer region (AgNOR) staining and image analysis indicated that the number of AgNORs was significantly decreased. Therefore, hepatoma cells brought about the adsorption, uptake, transport and degradation of HAP nanoparticles. In addition, HAP nanoparticles affected hepatoma cells with regard to cell-cell adhesion, cell and extracellular matrix adhesion, and DNA and protein synthesis; thus inhibiting cell proliferation. This understanding of the effects of interaction between HAP nanoparticles and hepatoma cells is useful for further study of the anticancer mechanisms of HAP nanoparticles.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 10972072, 50679022, and 10872052)National Basic Research Program of China (No. 2007CB714104)the state Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering at Hohai University (No. 2009585912)
摘要Mechanism interaction between cracks with different orientation angles is analyzed based on the principle of superposition and a flattening method. It is found that the maximum interaction effect does not occur when the microcrack is along the direction parallel or perpendicular to the principal tensile stress, which is different from the conclusion drawn by Ortiz (1987). The mechanism of microcrack generation and the effect of the microcrack zone on the main crack tip are studied. It is concluded that the microcrack zone has effect on the main crack tip, which increases with the increase of microcrack density and length.
基金supported by Chinese National Programs for High Technology Research and Development(973 Program)(No.2004CB117306).
摘要A genetic model was proposed for simultaneously analyzing genetic effects of nuclear,cytoplasm,and nuclear-cytoplasmic interaction(NCI)as well as their genotype by environment(GE)interaction for quantitative traits of diploid plants.In the model,the NCI effects were further partitioned into additive and dominance nuclear-cytoplasmic interaction components.Mixed linear model approaches were used for statistical analysis.On the basis of diallel cross designs,Monte Carlo simulations showed that the genetic model was robust for estimating variance components under several situations without specific effects.Random genetic effects were predicted by an adjusted unbiased prediction(AUP)method.Data on four quantitative traits(boll number,lint percentage,fiber length,and micronaire)in Upland cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.)were analyzed as a worked example to show the effectiveness of the model.
摘要The production of renewable energy is key to satisfying the increasing demand for energy without further increasing pollution.Harnessing ocean energy from waves has attracted attention due to its high energy density.This study compares two generations of floating heaving point absorber WEC,WaveEL 3.0 and WaveEL 4.0,regarding their power performance and mooring line fatigue characteristics,which are essen-tial in,e.g.,LCoE calculations.The main differences between the two WECs are the principal dimensions and minor differences in their geometries.The DNV software SESAM was used for simulations and anal-yses of these WECs in terms of buoy heave motion resonances for maximising energy harvesting,motion characteristics,mooring line forces,fatigue of mooring lines,and hydrodynamic power production.The first part of the study presents results from simulations of unit WEC in the frequency domain and in the time domain for regular wave and irregular sea state conditions.A verification of the two WECs’motion responses and axial mooring line forces is made against measurement data from a full-scale installation.In the second part of the study,the influence of interaction effects is investigated when the WECs are installed in wave parks.The wave park simulations used a fully-coupled non-linear method in SESAM that calculates the motions of the WECs and the mooring line forces simultaneously in the time domain.The amount of fatigue damage accumulated in the mooring lines was calculated using a relative tension-based fatigue analysis method and the rainflow counting method.Several factors that influence the power performance of the wave park and the accumulated fatigue damage of the mooring lines,for example,the WEC distance of the wave park,the sea state conditions,and the direction of incoming waves,are simulated and discussed.The study’s main conclusion is that WaveEL 4.0,which has a longer tube than WaveEL 3.0,absorbs more hydrodynamic energy due to larger heave motions and more efficient power production.At the same time,the accumulated fatigue damage in the moorings is lower compared to WaveEL 3.0 if the distance between the WECs in the wave park is not too short.Its motions in the hor-izontal plane are larger,which may require a larger distance between the WEC units in a wave park to avoid losing efficiency due to hydrodynamic interaction effects.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFA1501700)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(WK9990000142).
摘要The seminal report ofα-diimine palladium and nickel catalysts in 1995 represented a major breakthrough in the preparation of functionalized polyolefin materials.Owing to the high abundance and low cost of nickel,nickel-based catalysts have great application prospects in the industrialization process of olefin coordination polymerization.In this work,various N-aryl substituents with different electronic effects were synthesized and introduced intoα-diimine ligands.The aspreparedα-diimine nickel catalysts showed high polymerization activity(0.9×107–3.0×107g·mol−1·h−1)in ethylene polymerization,generating polyethylene products with adjustable molecular weights(Mn values:7.4×104–146.9×104g·mol−1)and branching densities(31/1000 C–68/1000 C).The resulting polyethylene products showed excellent mechanical properties,with high tensile strength(up to 25.0 MPa)and high strain at break values(up to 3890%).The copolymerization of ethylene and polar monomers can also be achieved by these nicekel complexes,ultimately preparing functionalized polyolefins.
基金supported by the Gong-Yi Program of China Meteorological Administration(GYHY201106034)National Natural Science Foundation of China(41075103)
摘要Air pollution has ever become a global major public health problem.Previous studies showed that air pollution is associated with excessive mortality and morbidity of respiratory disease[1-2].The extreme weather temperature can impact human health and the thermal stresses can lead not only to direct deaths and illnesses,but also to aggravation of respiratory disease[3-4].Though the independent
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 11204061,11374085,11104057,11274010 and 11204002the Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation under Grant No 1408085MA16+4 种基金the Anhui Provincial Candidates for Academic and Technical Leaders Foundation under Grant No 2015H052the Discipline Top-Notch Talents Foundationthe Excellent Young Talents Support Plan of Anhui Provincial Universitiesthe Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education under Grant No 20113401110002the 211 Project of Anhui University,and the Personnel Department of Anhui Province
摘要We investigate the effects of pure Dzyaloshinskii Moriya (DM) interaction with magnetic field on entanglement in intrinsic decoherence, assuming that the system is initially in four Bell states |φ±〉 = (|00) ± |11〉)/√2 and |ψ±〉 = (|01) ±|10〉)/√2, respectively. It is found that if the system is initially in the state p1(0) = |φ+〉〈φ+1, the entanglement can obtain its maximum when the DM interaction vector D is in the plane of XOZ and magnetic field B = By with the infinite time t, moreover the entanglement is independent of By and t when By is perpendicular to D. In addition, we obtain similar results when the system is initially in the states p2(0) = |φ-〉〈φ-| or p3 (0) = |ψ+〉〈ψ+1. However, we find that if the system is initially in the state P4 (0) = |ψ-〉〈ψ-l, the entanglement can obtain its maximum for infinite t, when the DM vector is in the plane ofYOZ, XOZ, or XOY, with the magnetic field parallel to X, Y, or Z axis, respectively. Moreover, when the axial B is perpendicular to D for the initial state p4(O), the negativity oscillates with time t and reaches a stable value, the larger the value of B is, the greater the stable value is, and the shorter the oscillation time of the negativity is. Thus we can adjust the direction and value of the external magnetic field to obtain the maximal entanglement, and avoid the adverse effects of external environment in some initial state. This is feasible within the cun'ent experimental technology.
基金supported by National Social Science Foundation of China(21BTJ068)。
摘要In this paper,we consider the statistical inference problems for the fixed effect and variance component functions in the two-way classification random effects model with skewnormal errors.Firstly,the exact test statistic for the fixed effect is constructed.Secondly,using the Bootstrap approach and generalized approach,the one-sided hypothesis testing and interval estimation problems for the single variance component,the sum and ratio of variance components are discussed respectively.Further,the Monte Carlo simulation results indicate that the exact test statistic performs well in the one-sided hypothesis testing problem for the fixed effect.And the Bootstrap approach is better than the generalized approach in the one-sided hypothesis testing problems for variance component functions in most cases.Finally,the above approaches are applied to the real data examples of the consumer price index and value-added index of three industries to verify their rationality and effectiveness.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41473068)supported by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2022M722667)。
摘要Fertilization or atmospheric deposition of nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)to terrestrial ecosystems can alter soil N(P)availability and the nature of nutrient limitation for plant growth.Changing the allocation of leaf P fractions is potentially an adaptive strategy for plants to cope with soil N(P)availability and nutrient-limiting conditions.However,the impact of the interactions between imbalanced anthropogenic N and P inputs on the concentrations and allocation proportions of leaf P fractions in forest woody plants remains elusive.We conducted a metaanalysis of data about the concentrations and allocation proportions of leaf P fractions,specifically associated with individual and combined additions of N and P in evergreen forests,the dominant vegetation type in southern China where the primary productivity is usually considered limited by P.This assessment allowed us to quantitatively evaluate the effects of N and P additions alone and interactively on leaf P allocation and use strategies.Nitrogen addition(exacerbating P limitation)reduced the concentrations of leaf total P and different leaf P fractions.Nitrogen addition reduced the allocation to leaf metabolic P but increased the allocation to other fractions,while P addition showed opposite trends.The simultaneous additions of N and P showed an antagonistic(mutual suppression)effect on the concentrations of leaf P fractions,but an additive(summary)effect on the allocation proportions of leaf P fractions.These results highlight the importance of strategies of leaf P fraction allocation in forest plants under changes in environmental nutrient availability.Importantly,our study identified critical interactions associated with combined N and P inputs that affect leaf P fractions,thus aiding in predicting plant acclimation strategies in the context of intensifying and imbalanced anthropogenic nutrient inputs.
基金Project supported by the Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department, China (Grant Nos. 08B028 and 10A075)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province, China (Grant No. 08jj6043)
摘要In a three-sphere system, the middle sphere is acted upon by two opposite depletion forces from the other two spheres. It is found that, in this system, the two depletion forces are coupled with each other and result in a strengthened depletion force. So the difference of the depletion forces of the three-sphere system and its corresponding two two-sphere systems is introduced to describe the coupling effect of the depletion interactions. The numerical results obtained by Monte- Carlo simulations show that this coupling effect is affected by both the concentration of small spheres and the geometrical confinement. Meanwhile, it is also found that the mechanisms of the coupling effect and the effect on the depletion force from the ~eometry factor are the same.