The application potential of tuning two-dimensional materials(2DMs)characteristics through strain engineering for wearable and flexible devices has been widely recognized.However,the challenges lie in achieving accura...The application potential of tuning two-dimensional materials(2DMs)characteristics through strain engineering for wearable and flexible devices has been widely recognized.However,the challenges lie in achieving accurate deterministic positioning,spatial modulation,controllable magnitude,and permanent nanostrains.Herein,motivated by the skin swelling caused by mosquito bites,a technique utilizing the heated nanotip in atomic force microscopy for thermomechanical nanoindentation is demonstrated.This method enables precise positioning of localized nanostrain and regulation of bandgap in tungsten diselenide(WSe2)/molybdenum disulfide(MoS2)heterobilayer transferred onto a flexible polymethyl methacrylate film.The magnitude of strain in the WSe2/MoS2 heterobilayer can be controlled by adjusting the parameters of nanoindentation,leading to a spatially modulated average strain of up to 2.5%on the ring-shaped expansion structure(RES).The local bandgap of the WSe2/MoS2 heterobilayer is spatially regulated through three distinct regions.In particular,the RES exhibits the largest extent of bandgap modulation,accompanied by a significant change of~12 meV.The nanostrain significantly enhances the photoresponse speed of the photodetector device.For instance,under illumination from a 405 nm wavelength-laser,the rise time and fall time are reduced by 75%and 87.52%,respectively,compared to the device without strain.Similarly,under illumination from a 532 nm wavelength-laser,the rise time and fall time are reduced by 66.67%and 80.60%,respectively.These findings demonstrate that the proposed method serves as a versatile way for improving the photoresponse of optoelectronic devices based on 2DMs.展开更多
Cross-modal localization,utilizing only cameras and prior light detection and ranging(LiDAR)point cloud maps,achieves high localization accuracy at a low cost.The integration of semantic information can significantly ...Cross-modal localization,utilizing only cameras and prior light detection and ranging(LiDAR)point cloud maps,achieves high localization accuracy at a low cost.The integration of semantic information can significantly enhance the accuracy at the cost of heavy computational load on optimization and huge semantic annotation on LiDAR point cloud maps.In this paper,we propose the SDA-Loc,a semantic cross-modal localization system that solely relies on visual semantic information,making our approach more streamlined compared to existing methods.We design a semantic-driven alignment algorithm that leverages visual semantic labels to perform different types of iterative closest point,allowing the system to better exploit the structural information represented by object semantics,thereby achieving accurate localization without the additional burden of point cloud annotation.Coupled with a designed dynamic error rejection mechanism,our approach effectively achieves a balance between accuracy and speed.The experiments conducted on the KITTI dataset demonstrate the competitive localization performance of our approach.Moreover,the experiment on outdoor campus dataset confirms that the proposed system can effectively mitigate the drift in visual localization under challenging lighting conditions,and proves the robustness of SDA-Loc when using poor LiDAR point cloud maps.The runtime analysis also shows that SDA-Loc strikes an excellent balance between localization accuracy and computational efficiency.展开更多
The rapid deployment of Industrial Internet of Things(IIoT)systems,such as large-scale photovoltaic(PV)power stations in modern power grids,has created a strong demand for edge-intelligent fault localization methods t...The rapid deployment of Industrial Internet of Things(IIoT)systems,such as large-scale photovoltaic(PV)power stations in modern power grids,has created a strong demand for edge-intelligent fault localization methods that can operate reliably under strict computational and memory constraints.In this work,we propose an edge-intelligent photovoltaic fault localization framework that integrates intelligent computation with classical sub-pixel optimization.The framework adopts a modular,edge-oriented design in which a radial basis function(RBF)network is first employed as a lightweight screening module to enable conditional execution,thereby reducing unnecessary computation for non-faulty samples.For suspicious samples,a compact convolutional feature extractor is activated to generate discriminative representations.The architecture of this feature extractor is automatically optimized using neural architecture search(NAS)in an offline design stage,explicitly balancing localization accuracy and computational efficiency for industrial edge hardware.Sub-pixel displacement estimation and recursive partitioning are then performed in the learned feature space using a sum of squared differences-based,preserving the mathematical transparency of classical sub-pixel matching while significantly improving robustness to thermal noise and background interference.Unlike large end-to-end detection models,the proposed framework combines intelligent feature representation with interpretable localization mechanisms,resulting in a flexible and resource-efficient solution for edge deployment.Experimental results on a photovoltaic infrared fault image dataset demonstrate that the proposed NAS-optimized feature-space sub-pixel matching framework achieves more stable fault localization than other baselines,with only marginal additional computational overhead.展开更多
More accurate segmentation of skin cancers in dermoscopy images is crucial for clinical treatment.However,the prevalence of interfering noise in dermoscopy images poses a challenge to its accurate segmentation.For thi...More accurate segmentation of skin cancers in dermoscopy images is crucial for clinical treatment.However,the prevalence of interfering noise in dermoscopy images poses a challenge to its accurate segmentation.For this reason,this paper proposes an improved GLF-Segformer to improve segmentation.The model adds polarized self-attention(PSA)module and R-convolution and attention fusion module(R-CAFM)to the Segformer’s encoder to enhance the ability to capture local information and facilitate the effective fusion of local and global information.The decoder employs an innovative two-stage hybrid up-sampling to effectively reduce information loss.In addition,a new hybrid loss function is designed to further improve the segmentation accuracy of the model at complex boundaries.The experimental results show that GLF-Segformer achieves 90.73%and 89.85%mean intersection over union(mIoU)on two standard datasets,ISIC2017 and ISIC2018,respectively,and exhibits better segmentation performance compared to other comparison algorithms.展开更多
The multi-pass intermittent local loading process,which features a more flexible processing path,can further enhance the second material distribution during local loading,improve the formability of components,and redu...The multi-pass intermittent local loading process,which features a more flexible processing path,can further enhance the second material distribution during local loading,improve the formability of components,and reduce forming loads.However,the absence of compatible forming equipment makes it difficult to control the constraint in the unloaded zones during the forming process.This difficulty complicates coordination and control of deformation,particularly for asymmetric rib-web components.Additionally,the current implementation involves multi-fire heating,a long process flow,and high energy consumption,which limits the popularization and application of the local loading process.In this study,a new multi-pass local loading hydraulic forming apparatus that can quickly and reliably switch between heavy-load deformation and low-load constraint for different local loading sub-dies was developed.A 10-tonne laboratory prototype was developed,and the forming characteristics during the forming process as well as the response characteristics of the hydraulic system during the multi-pass intermittent local loading of rib-web component were investigated using numerical simulations and physical experiments.Results indicated that,compared to a whole loading process with the same initial geometry of billet,the total forming load(i.e.,the sum of loaded and restrained loads)is reduced by more than 40%with the local loading process,and by nearly 50%with multi-pass local loading.The multi-pass local loading process allows for more effective control of material flow compared to single-pass local loading,leading to improved cavity filling and reduced flow line disturbance.For a large-scale,complex titanium alloy bulkhead,the cavity filling problem was addressed by optimizing the multi-pass local loading path with an unequal thickness billet.The dynamic performance of the multi-pass local loading hydraulic system was found to be robust,with stable pressure transitions during motion and load switching for the sub-die(s).The dynamic characteristic of the hydraulic cylinder when switching from non-moving/unloaded state to a moving/loading state are consistent whether a load is present or not.However,the dynamic characteristics differ when switching from a moving/loading state to non-moving/unloaded state,showing opposite behavior.The developed hydraulic drive mechanism provides a way for implementation of multi-pass local loading without auxiliary operation and extra heating.The results of the study provide a foundation for the industrial production of large-scale,complex components with reduced force requirement and low-energy consumption.展开更多
Visible and infrared(RGB-IR)fusion object detection plays an important role in security,disaster relief,etc.In recent years,deep-learning-based RGB-IR fusion detection methods have been developing rapidly,but still st...Visible and infrared(RGB-IR)fusion object detection plays an important role in security,disaster relief,etc.In recent years,deep-learning-based RGB-IR fusion detection methods have been developing rapidly,but still struggle to deal with the complex and changing scenarios captured by drones,mainly due to two reasons:(A)RGB-IR fusion detectors are susceptible to inferior inputs that degrade performance and stability.(B)RGB-IR fusion detectors are susceptible to redundant features that reduce accuracy and efficiency.In this paper,an innovative RGB-IR fusion detection framework based on global-local feature optimization,named GLFDet,is proposed to improve the detection performance and efficiency of drone-captured objects.The key components of GLFDet include a Global Feature Optimization(GFO)module,a Local Feature Optimization(LFO)module and a Channel Separation Fusion(CSF)module.Specifically,GFO calculates the information content of the input image from the frequency domain and optimizes the features holistically.Then,LFO dynamically selects high-value features and filters out low-value features before fusion,which significantly improves the efficiency of fusion.Finally,CSF fuses the RGB and IR features across the corresponding channels,which avoids the rearrangement of the channel relationships and enhances the model stability.Extensive experimental results show that the proposed method achieves the best performance on three popular RGB-IR datasets Drone Vehicle,VEDAI,and LLVIP.In addition,GLFDet is more lightweight than other comparable models,making it more appealing to edge devices such as drones.The code is available at http://gffzz188fe103f8f1460as5xbff00q9w9v6vqb.ffgz.tsg.suse.edu.cn/lao chen330/GLFDet.展开更多
Background and Objectives:The perception of sound in the vertical plane supports spatial hearing by enabling listeners to detect sources located above and below.Sounds originating from both the front and back elevatio...Background and Objectives:The perception of sound in the vertical plane supports spatial hearing by enabling listeners to detect sources located above and below.Sounds originating from both the front and back elevations along the mid-sagittal plane further contribute to a three-dimensional auditory experience.This study aimed to characterize the variability in vertical sound localization abilities among normal-hearing(NH)individuals using spatialized audio.Materials and Methods:Fifty-one NH participants(aged 18 to 35 years)completed three vertical localization tasks under headphones as part of a single-group,within-subject experimental study.These tasks included two-plane identification:(1)top-down localization,(2)front-back localization,and one discrimination task in the front plane.Hierarchical Cluster Analysis(HCA)was employed to identify distinct patterns in spatial localization profiles specific to the vertical-median plane.Fisher's Discriminant Function Analysis(FDA)was used to validate the accuracy of HCA and estimate classification error.Results:HCA revealed three distinct listener clusters:(1)cluster 1 with good performance across all three tasks,(2)cluster 2 with selective impairment in top-bottom identification,and(3)cluster 3 with selective deficits in front-back identification.FDA validated group membership of the clusters identified by the HCA,with a prediction accuracy of 98%.Conclusions:Individuals with clinically NH exhibited three distinct vertical localization profiles:uniform performers,those impaired in top-bottom identification,and those impaired in front-back identification.These profiles may be linked to the interplay between acoustic and non-acoustic perceptual factors.展开更多
Understanding how natural selection sustains genetic differentiation despite ongoing hybridization remains a central question in evolutionary biology.Here,we integrated range-wide whole-genome resequencing data and ec...Understanding how natural selection sustains genetic differentiation despite ongoing hybridization remains a central question in evolutionary biology.Here,we integrated range-wide whole-genome resequencing data and ecological niche modeling to elucidate the evolutionary history,local adaptation,and hybridization patterns of Juglans cathayensis,a walnut species widely distributed across subtropical China.Our analyses revealed that Chinese walnut comprised two genetic clusters corresponding to its two recognized varieties,which were further subdivided into three lineages:the East lineage,consisting exclusively of J.cathayensis var.formosana individuals;and the West and Admixed lineages,comprising genetically pure and admixed individuals of J.cathayensis var.cathayensis,respectively.The admixed populations formed a hybrid zone in the ecotone between the East and West lineages.Divergence between the East and West lineages dates to the Middle Pliocene,with persistent bidirectional gene flowuntil the mid-Pleistocene,likely driven by long-term local adaptation to niche differences between eastern and western China.Genomic regions of differentiation may result from divergent selection under gene flowand divergent sorting of ancient polymorphisms.Moreover,we identifiedpositively selected genes and environment-associated loci involved in ecological adaptation,underscoring their role in promoting intraspecificdifferentiation.Bayesian genomic cline analysis detected limited introgression of adaptive loci in the hybrid zone,suggesting that natural selection sustains divergence in genomic regions associated with local adaptation,while neutral loci are homogenized through hybridization.Together,these findingsprovide novel insights into the evolutionary mechanisms shaping plant diversity in subtropical China,a region recognized as an evolutionary cradle.展开更多
Achieving high emission efficiency at low current densities remains a challenge for micro-LEDs.Here,we demonstrate a controllable interfacial strategy by tuning the annealing temperature of RF-superimposed DC sputtere...Achieving high emission efficiency at low current densities remains a challenge for micro-LEDs.Here,we demonstrate a controllable interfacial strategy by tuning the annealing temperature of RF-superimposed DC sputtered ITO to modulate carrier injection dynamics.STEM analysis reveals 500℃ annealing triggers discrete substitutional In-atom incorporation into the p-GaN lattice,forming localized nanoscale contact regions.This architecture induces a localized carrier injection mechanism that significantly enhances the efficiency of micro-LEDs at low current densities.Specifically,the 500℃-annealed 10μm devices exhibit a dramatic enhancement in light output power(LOP),reaching 1.3×10-1 mW at 5 A/cm2,which is significantly higher than the 5.3×10-4 mW measured for 700°C-annealed devices.Furthermore,the peak efficiency current density(Jpeak)is dramatically shifted from 140 to 17 A/cm2 for 5μm devices.Capacitance-voltage analysis further corroborates the localized carrier injection mechanism.These findings establish contact interfacial modulation as a robust strategy for optimizing micro-LEDs in low-power display applications and tailoring device-level performance across broader optoelectronics.展开更多
The P2-type Fe/Mn-based layered oxides,with cost advantages and high theoretical capacity,are considered one of the promising cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs).However,the commercial development of thes...The P2-type Fe/Mn-based layered oxides,with cost advantages and high theoretical capacity,are considered one of the promising cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs).However,the commercial development of these materials is impeded by two main factors:the MnO6 structure distortion induced by the Jahn-Teller(J-T)effect of Mn3+,and the unfavorable phase transitions that occur during the insertion and extraction of Na+.Here,we present a strategy to improve structural stability by incorporating cost-effective,robust Al-O bonds.This approach induces localized adjustments in the electronic structu re and a pinning effect,which limits the deformation of the transition metal(TM)layers,strengthens the electrostatic bonding within the TM layers,and expands the Na layer spacing.Consequently,the Na0.67Fe0.4Mn0.54Al0.06O2 cathode demonstrates a capacity of 168.8 mAh g-1 at 0.1 C,maintaining89.2%of its original capacity after 200 cycles at 1 C.Through in situ electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)with dynamic resistance transformation(DRT)analysis,ex situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy(XAS),and in situ X-ray diffraction(XRD),the study demonstrates a reduction in the J-T effect,enhanced kinetic performance,and the inhibition of detrimental phase transitions.This study offers new avenues to the development and design of future low-cost Fe/Mn-based cathodes.展开更多
Introducing high dislocation density has proven effective for attaining ultrahigh strength while retaining ductility.However,the role of high dislocation density in affecting the crack initiation and propagation(i.e.,...Introducing high dislocation density has proven effective for attaining ultrahigh strength while retaining ductility.However,the role of high dislocation density in affecting the crack initiation and propagation(i.e.,toughness)is still unclear.The present study investigates the notch fracture behavior and deformation mechanisms of a strong and ductile FeNiAl steel with yield strength of 1797 MPa and uniform elongation of 28.5%,possessing high dislocation density resulting from severe cold-rolling process.The cold rolled steel with high dislocation density exhibits superior crack initiation resistance and fracture energy compared to the annealed counterpart with low dislocation density.Pronounced necking and strain localization are found at notch roots of the cold-rolled sample,indicating enhanced plastic deformation despite its higher yield strength and lower work hardening capacity.The dual roles of high dislocation density are identified:(1)dense dislocation networks restrict dislocation mobility to enhance flow stress while limiting large-range plastic strain under gradient stress;(2)whereas coordinated short-distance slip of abundant dislocations enables intensive and severe plastic strain that suppresses crack nucleation locally,providing critical insights for designing damage-tolerant ultrahigh-strength steels.展开更多
A multi-stage stress relaxation test was performed on a granodiorite sample to understand the deformation process prior to the macroscopic failure of brittle rocks,as well as the transient response during stress relax...A multi-stage stress relaxation test was performed on a granodiorite sample to understand the deformation process prior to the macroscopic failure of brittle rocks,as well as the transient response during stress relaxation.Distributed optical fiber sensing was used to measure strains across the sample surface by helically wrapping the single-mode fiber around the cylindrical sample.Close agreement was observed between the circumferential strains obtained from the optical fibers and the extensometer.The reconstructed full-field strain contours show strain heterogeneity from the crack closure phase,and the strains in the later deformation phase are dominantly localized within the former high-strain zone.The Gini coefficient was used to quantify the degree of strain localization and shows an initial increase during the crack closure phase,a decrease during the linear elastic phase,and a subsequent increase during the post-yielding phase.This behavior corresponds to a process of initial localization from an imperfect boundary condition,homogenization,and eventual relocalization prior to the macroscopic failure of the sample.The transient strain rate decay during the stress relaxation phase was quantified using the p-value in the"Omori-like"power law function.A higher initial stress at the onset of relaxation results in a lower p-value,indicating a slower strain rate decay.As the sample approaches macroscopic failure,the lowest p-value shifts from the most damaged zone to adjacent areas,suggesting stress redistribution or crack propagation in deformed crystalline rocks under stress relaxation conditions.展开更多
The generalized mode Ⅲ fracture mechanism of edge-notched disc bend sandstone specimens exhibiting anisotropy—characterized by bedding planes at various angles—under different moisture conditions(dried,natural,and ...The generalized mode Ⅲ fracture mechanism of edge-notched disc bend sandstone specimens exhibiting anisotropy—characterized by bedding planes at various angles—under different moisture conditions(dried,natural,and saturated)was analyzed using acoustic emission localization and three-dimensional scanning reconstruction techniques.The results indicate that the peak load,stress intensity factor,and energy dissipation of the specimens are significantly influenced by both bedding angle and moisture condition.With increasing bedding angle,the peak load,stress intensity factor,and fracture energy exhibit an overall decreasing trend—first decreasing and then slightly increasing.As the bedding angle increases from 0°to 60°,the peak load,initial fracture stress intensity factor,peak load stress intensity factor,and peak load fracture energy of the rock specimens under the natural condition decrease by 22.8%,23.5%,19.5%,and 36.7%,respectively.The presence of water within the rock weakens the peak load and stress intensity factors,and reduces the energy required for fracture.Additionally,water weakens the influence of bedding to some extent.In terms of crack network morphology,cracks tend to propagate preferentially along the bedding planes.Specimens with higher moisture content exhibit larger crack initiation angles and higher fractal dimensions.展开更多
Motivated by a real-world engineering project,this study explores the temporal development of scour depth and the morphology of scour pits around suction bucket foundations in silty clay subjected to unidirectional cu...Motivated by a real-world engineering project,this study explores the temporal development of scour depth and the morphology of scour pits around suction bucket foundations in silty clay subjected to unidirectional currents,through controlled laboratory flume experiments.The findings indicate that:(1)the maximum scour depth of the triple suction bucket foundation demonstrates substantial variation around the threshold flow velocity for silty clay Uc=0:4 m/s.Within a specific range,scour depth exhibits inverse relationship with bucket spacing and aspect ratio,while showing direct proportionality to flow velocity and exposed soil height.A robust functional relationship exists between scour depth and time under various conditions.The scour pit depth varies between the front and rear buckets,as well as between the inner and outer sides of the rear bucket.The disparity in scour depth between the rear and front buckets increases with rising flow velocity.(3)Analysis of field survey data from the engineering site reveals that the experimental results deviate smaller than 12%from the observed average scour pit depth,demonstrating strong correlation with actual conditions.Additionally,a proportional relationship between scour pit depth and width is derived from the field data,offering guidance for scour assessment and protection of triple suction bucket foundations in deep-sea silty clay environments.展开更多
In response to the need for in-situ repair of deep cracks in a naval ship,a 4 mm-deep 30°U-shaped groove was prepared on 921A steel.Groove filling experiments were conducted using local dry underwater oscillating...In response to the need for in-situ repair of deep cracks in a naval ship,a 4 mm-deep 30°U-shaped groove was prepared on 921A steel.Groove filling experiments were conducted using local dry underwater oscillating laser wire feed welding under the conditions of air and shallow water.The microstructure and properties of the welds were analyzed.The results indicate that sound welds without significant defects are obtained in both air and shallow water.Owing to the effective shielding gas protection within the local dry cavity and the rapid cooling effect underwater,the shallow water weld exhibits a bright white surface with densely distributed fish-scale patterns.The air weld includes a higher fraction of acicular ferrite,whereas the rapid cooling in water promotes the formation of lath martensite.The main alloying elements under both environments exhibit a smooth transition near the fusion lines with good metallurgical bonding.However,due to the higher cooling rate in the shallow water compared with that in air,there is a greater fluctuation in elemental distribution,along with higher contents of Si,Mn,and Mo and a slightly lower Cr content in the shallow water weld.The shallow water weld shows higher overall hardness than the air weld,though the hardness distribution trends across different zones are similar in both cases.Tensile tests reveal that fracture occurs in the base metal under both environments,with the tensile strength and yield strength ranking as follows:shallow water weld>air weld>base metal.However,electrochemical corrosion tests indicate that the shallow water weld has inferior corrosion resistance compared to the air weld.展开更多
Common optimization methods for enhanced distillation include sequential iteration methods and metaheuristic algorithms,which typically face tedious computation and are easily trapped into local minimum.Therefore,it i...Common optimization methods for enhanced distillation include sequential iteration methods and metaheuristic algorithms,which typically face tedious computation and are easily trapped into local minimum.Therefore,it is essential to develop a strategy that enables simultaneous evaluation of multiple solutions.In this paper,a global optimization framework integrating MATLAB and Aspen Plus for liquid-only extractive dividing wall column(LEDWC)and conventional extractive distillation(CED)systems is proposed to enhance both computational efficiencyand search robustness.All possible combinations of key variables,including distillate and entrainer flowrates,feed stage,and total stage numbers,etc.-are considered systematically.They are arranged in full permutation within a sufficiently wide range.The permutation is then divided into multiple matrices by MATLAB.They are sequentially input into sensitivity analysis module in Aspen Plus through communication with MATLAB.Each group of integrated variables which satisfiesthe given constraints is used for the total annual cost(TAC)calculation.The mixture of ethanol(EtOH)and water,which can form a minimum boiling azeotrope(89.6%(mol)EtOH)at 100 kPa,is taken as a study system.Five different feed mixtures are taken for comprehensive analysis.The TAC profilesas a function of the total number of stages for the left column(NCL)in the LEDWC clearly indicate that the proposed strategy successfully identifiedmultiple local minima,demonstrating its capability to detect and escape suboptimal regions in highly nonlinear systems.The existence of local minima can be attributed to the coupling interaction between structural and process variables,as well as the influenceof flowcharacteristics within the column.This work indicates that as NCL increases,there is a competitive effect between the decrease in refluxratio for the left column(RRCL)and the increase in reboiler temperature,leading to fluctuationsin energy consumption;while changes in the distillation flowrate for the left column cause nonlinear changes in RRCL and the liquid flowrate between the left and right columns,further promoting the emergence of multiple local minima during the TAC optimization process.Additionally,analysis of the flowcharacteristics within the column revealed that the back-mixing phenomenon commonly observed in CED is absent in LEDWC,suggesting that back-mixing may be an important factor contributing to the more frequent occurrence of local optima.展开更多
The accurate prediction of boundary layer transition represents a persistent and extensively studied challenge in fluid mechanics and aircraft aerodynamic design.It is well recognized that,due to the limitations in co...The accurate prediction of boundary layer transition represents a persistent and extensively studied challenge in fluid mechanics and aircraft aerodynamic design.It is well recognized that,due to the limitations in computational efficiency and shape complexity,high-resolution numerical simulation techniques and classical stability theory are hard to be applied in the numerical simulation and optimization of complex aircraft designs.The classical correlation-based Langtry and Menter model and laminar kinetic energy model,incorporating stability analysis results,offer efficient solution strategies under the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes framework.Nonetheless,these models rely heavily on the range of available experimental data,which significantly restricts their applicability.Therefore,the Amplification Factor Transport(AFT)transition model anchored in linear stability theory foundations was derived from the findings of Coder and Maughmer and has since been adopted for transition prediction across a variety of complex geometries.This model not only incorporates the analytical foundation of linear stability theory,but also predicts the maximum envelope N value through a transport equation.It enables all non-local variables to be solved locally,ensuring compatibility with massively parallel computational fluid dynamics solvers.This paper systematically introduces the modeling concepts and key variable solution strategies of the currently prevalent transition-turbulence models based on local variables.It emphasizes the evolution of AFT transition frameworks,highlighting their progression from applications in the transition from 2D to 3D compressible boundary layer Tollmien-Schlichting waves,together with the formation of stationary crossflow vortices.In conclusion,this paper addresses the remaining challenges of the amplification factor transport transition model and explores potential directions for its future development.展开更多
The practical application of lithium metal batteries(LMBs)requires electrolytes that simultaneously ensure high safety and interfacial stability.Although locally concentrated ionic liquid electrolytes(LCILEs)exhibit e...The practical application of lithium metal batteries(LMBs)requires electrolytes that simultaneously ensure high safety and interfacial stability.Although locally concentrated ionic liquid electrolytes(LCILEs)exhibit exceptional electrochemical stability and compatibility with electrode electrolyte interfaces(EEIs),two major challenges persist:(i)safety risks caused by excessive low-flash-point diluents,and(ii)insufficient understanding of how diluents modulate solvation structures.Herein,we introduce a low-diluent-content LCILE system composed of lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide(LiFSI)salt,N-methyl-N-propyl-pyrrolidinium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide(Pyr13FSI)ionic liquid,and trifluoromethanesulfonate(TFS)diluent.The TFS diluent strengthens ion-ion interactions by lowering the dielectric constant of the electrolyte,resulting in the formation of a unique nanometric anion aggregates(N-AGGs)reinforced solvation structure.These large anionic clusters exhibit accelerated redox decomposition kinetics,facilitating the rapid formation of a thin,dense,and low-impedance EEI.Consequently,the Li/LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2coin cell achieves 87.8%capacity retention over 300 cycles at 4.3 V,while a practical 1.4 Ah Li/NCM622 pouch cell retains 84.5%capacity after 80 cycles at 4.5 V.Furthermore,the electrolyte demonstrates exceptional safety,and 2 Ah Li metal pouch cells successfully pass rigorous nail penetration tests without any ignition or explosion.This work not only provides a design strategy for intrinsically safe and high-performance electrolytes but also highlights the critical role of anion cluster decomposition kinetics in shaping EEI formation.展开更多
The technology of locating magnetic anomaly targets via geomagnetic eld measurements has been increasingly widely applied,with multiple magnetic anomaly target localization emerging as a critical research direction.Ho...The technology of locating magnetic anomaly targets via geomagnetic eld measurements has been increasingly widely applied,with multiple magnetic anomaly target localization emerging as a critical research direction.However,when two magnetic anomaly targets are horizontally close but vertically separated,traditional clustering-based localization methods tend to omit the deeper target.To address this issue,we propose an improved clustering-based localization method for multiple magnetic anomaly targets,which integrates two core innovations:the introduction of a reference target to establish a benchmark for normal magnetic moment distribution,and the utilization of spatial distribution characteristics of magnetic moment estimates to judge the presence of omitted targets.Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method not only achieves accurate localization of conventional targets but also eectively identies the omission of deeper targets,providing a reliable basis for determining whether supplementary localization steps are required.展开更多
基金financial supports of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52222512)。
摘要The application potential of tuning two-dimensional materials(2DMs)characteristics through strain engineering for wearable and flexible devices has been widely recognized.However,the challenges lie in achieving accurate deterministic positioning,spatial modulation,controllable magnitude,and permanent nanostrains.Herein,motivated by the skin swelling caused by mosquito bites,a technique utilizing the heated nanotip in atomic force microscopy for thermomechanical nanoindentation is demonstrated.This method enables precise positioning of localized nanostrain and regulation of bandgap in tungsten diselenide(WSe2)/molybdenum disulfide(MoS2)heterobilayer transferred onto a flexible polymethyl methacrylate film.The magnitude of strain in the WSe2/MoS2 heterobilayer can be controlled by adjusting the parameters of nanoindentation,leading to a spatially modulated average strain of up to 2.5%on the ring-shaped expansion structure(RES).The local bandgap of the WSe2/MoS2 heterobilayer is spatially regulated through three distinct regions.In particular,the RES exhibits the largest extent of bandgap modulation,accompanied by a significant change of~12 meV.The nanostrain significantly enhances the photoresponse speed of the photodetector device.For instance,under illumination from a 405 nm wavelength-laser,the rise time and fall time are reduced by 75%and 87.52%,respectively,compared to the device without strain.Similarly,under illumination from a 532 nm wavelength-laser,the rise time and fall time are reduced by 66.67%and 80.60%,respectively.These findings demonstrate that the proposed method serves as a versatile way for improving the photoresponse of optoelectronic devices based on 2DMs.
基金supported by the Technology Project Managed by the State Grid Corporation of China(No.5700-202416334A-2-1-ZX).
摘要Cross-modal localization,utilizing only cameras and prior light detection and ranging(LiDAR)point cloud maps,achieves high localization accuracy at a low cost.The integration of semantic information can significantly enhance the accuracy at the cost of heavy computational load on optimization and huge semantic annotation on LiDAR point cloud maps.In this paper,we propose the SDA-Loc,a semantic cross-modal localization system that solely relies on visual semantic information,making our approach more streamlined compared to existing methods.We design a semantic-driven alignment algorithm that leverages visual semantic labels to perform different types of iterative closest point,allowing the system to better exploit the structural information represented by object semantics,thereby achieving accurate localization without the additional burden of point cloud annotation.Coupled with a designed dynamic error rejection mechanism,our approach effectively achieves a balance between accuracy and speed.The experiments conducted on the KITTI dataset demonstrate the competitive localization performance of our approach.Moreover,the experiment on outdoor campus dataset confirms that the proposed system can effectively mitigate the drift in visual localization under challenging lighting conditions,and proves the robustness of SDA-Loc when using poor LiDAR point cloud maps.The runtime analysis also shows that SDA-Loc strikes an excellent balance between localization accuracy and computational efficiency.
基金supported by the Key R&D Projects of Liaoning Provincial Department of Science and Technology:Research on Fault Monitoring and Catastrophe Prediction Technologies for New Energy Power Stations Oriented to Wind-Solar-Storage Complementary Systems(2024JH2/102500074).
摘要The rapid deployment of Industrial Internet of Things(IIoT)systems,such as large-scale photovoltaic(PV)power stations in modern power grids,has created a strong demand for edge-intelligent fault localization methods that can operate reliably under strict computational and memory constraints.In this work,we propose an edge-intelligent photovoltaic fault localization framework that integrates intelligent computation with classical sub-pixel optimization.The framework adopts a modular,edge-oriented design in which a radial basis function(RBF)network is first employed as a lightweight screening module to enable conditional execution,thereby reducing unnecessary computation for non-faulty samples.For suspicious samples,a compact convolutional feature extractor is activated to generate discriminative representations.The architecture of this feature extractor is automatically optimized using neural architecture search(NAS)in an offline design stage,explicitly balancing localization accuracy and computational efficiency for industrial edge hardware.Sub-pixel displacement estimation and recursive partitioning are then performed in the learned feature space using a sum of squared differences-based,preserving the mathematical transparency of classical sub-pixel matching while significantly improving robustness to thermal noise and background interference.Unlike large end-to-end detection models,the proposed framework combines intelligent feature representation with interpretable localization mechanisms,resulting in a flexible and resource-efficient solution for edge deployment.Experimental results on a photovoltaic infrared fault image dataset demonstrate that the proposed NAS-optimized feature-space sub-pixel matching framework achieves more stable fault localization than other baselines,with only marginal additional computational overhead.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61961037)the Industrial Support Plan of Education Department of Gansu Province(No.2021CYZC-30).
摘要More accurate segmentation of skin cancers in dermoscopy images is crucial for clinical treatment.However,the prevalence of interfering noise in dermoscopy images poses a challenge to its accurate segmentation.For this reason,this paper proposes an improved GLF-Segformer to improve segmentation.The model adds polarized self-attention(PSA)module and R-convolution and attention fusion module(R-CAFM)to the Segformer’s encoder to enhance the ability to capture local information and facilitate the effective fusion of local and global information.The decoder employs an innovative two-stage hybrid up-sampling to effectively reduce information loss.In addition,a new hybrid loss function is designed to further improve the segmentation accuracy of the model at complex boundaries.The experimental results show that GLF-Segformer achieves 90.73%and 89.85%mean intersection over union(mIoU)on two standard datasets,ISIC2017 and ISIC2018,respectively,and exhibits better segmentation performance compared to other comparison algorithms.
基金the supports of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52375378)。
摘要The multi-pass intermittent local loading process,which features a more flexible processing path,can further enhance the second material distribution during local loading,improve the formability of components,and reduce forming loads.However,the absence of compatible forming equipment makes it difficult to control the constraint in the unloaded zones during the forming process.This difficulty complicates coordination and control of deformation,particularly for asymmetric rib-web components.Additionally,the current implementation involves multi-fire heating,a long process flow,and high energy consumption,which limits the popularization and application of the local loading process.In this study,a new multi-pass local loading hydraulic forming apparatus that can quickly and reliably switch between heavy-load deformation and low-load constraint for different local loading sub-dies was developed.A 10-tonne laboratory prototype was developed,and the forming characteristics during the forming process as well as the response characteristics of the hydraulic system during the multi-pass intermittent local loading of rib-web component were investigated using numerical simulations and physical experiments.Results indicated that,compared to a whole loading process with the same initial geometry of billet,the total forming load(i.e.,the sum of loaded and restrained loads)is reduced by more than 40%with the local loading process,and by nearly 50%with multi-pass local loading.The multi-pass local loading process allows for more effective control of material flow compared to single-pass local loading,leading to improved cavity filling and reduced flow line disturbance.For a large-scale,complex titanium alloy bulkhead,the cavity filling problem was addressed by optimizing the multi-pass local loading path with an unequal thickness billet.The dynamic performance of the multi-pass local loading hydraulic system was found to be robust,with stable pressure transitions during motion and load switching for the sub-die(s).The dynamic characteristic of the hydraulic cylinder when switching from non-moving/unloaded state to a moving/loading state are consistent whether a load is present or not.However,the dynamic characteristics differ when switching from a moving/loading state to non-moving/unloaded state,showing opposite behavior.The developed hydraulic drive mechanism provides a way for implementation of multi-pass local loading without auxiliary operation and extra heating.The results of the study provide a foundation for the industrial production of large-scale,complex components with reduced force requirement and low-energy consumption.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62276204)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(No.YJSJ24011)+1 种基金the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi,China(Nos.2022JM-340 and 2023-JC-QN-0710)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Nos.2020T130494 and 2018M633470)。
摘要Visible and infrared(RGB-IR)fusion object detection plays an important role in security,disaster relief,etc.In recent years,deep-learning-based RGB-IR fusion detection methods have been developing rapidly,but still struggle to deal with the complex and changing scenarios captured by drones,mainly due to two reasons:(A)RGB-IR fusion detectors are susceptible to inferior inputs that degrade performance and stability.(B)RGB-IR fusion detectors are susceptible to redundant features that reduce accuracy and efficiency.In this paper,an innovative RGB-IR fusion detection framework based on global-local feature optimization,named GLFDet,is proposed to improve the detection performance and efficiency of drone-captured objects.The key components of GLFDet include a Global Feature Optimization(GFO)module,a Local Feature Optimization(LFO)module and a Channel Separation Fusion(CSF)module.Specifically,GFO calculates the information content of the input image from the frequency domain and optimizes the features holistically.Then,LFO dynamically selects high-value features and filters out low-value features before fusion,which significantly improves the efficiency of fusion.Finally,CSF fuses the RGB and IR features across the corresponding channels,which avoids the rearrangement of the channel relationships and enhances the model stability.Extensive experimental results show that the proposed method achieves the best performance on three popular RGB-IR datasets Drone Vehicle,VEDAI,and LLVIP.In addition,GLFDet is more lightweight than other comparable models,making it more appealing to edge devices such as drones.The code is available at http://gffzz188fe103f8f1460as5xbff00q9w9v6vqb.ffgz.tsg.suse.edu.cn/lao chen330/GLFDet.
摘要Background and Objectives:The perception of sound in the vertical plane supports spatial hearing by enabling listeners to detect sources located above and below.Sounds originating from both the front and back elevations along the mid-sagittal plane further contribute to a three-dimensional auditory experience.This study aimed to characterize the variability in vertical sound localization abilities among normal-hearing(NH)individuals using spatialized audio.Materials and Methods:Fifty-one NH participants(aged 18 to 35 years)completed three vertical localization tasks under headphones as part of a single-group,within-subject experimental study.These tasks included two-plane identification:(1)top-down localization,(2)front-back localization,and one discrimination task in the front plane.Hierarchical Cluster Analysis(HCA)was employed to identify distinct patterns in spatial localization profiles specific to the vertical-median plane.Fisher's Discriminant Function Analysis(FDA)was used to validate the accuracy of HCA and estimate classification error.Results:HCA revealed three distinct listener clusters:(1)cluster 1 with good performance across all three tasks,(2)cluster 2 with selective impairment in top-bottom identification,and(3)cluster 3 with selective deficits in front-back identification.FDA validated group membership of the clusters identified by the HCA,with a prediction accuracy of 98%.Conclusions:Individuals with clinically NH exhibited three distinct vertical localization profiles:uniform performers,those impaired in top-bottom identification,and those impaired in front-back identification.These profiles may be linked to the interplay between acoustic and non-acoustic perceptual factors.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant numbers 32460063 and 41961009)the Innovation Leading Talent Program in Jiangxi Province(JXSQ2023101107)+1 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China(2024YFF1307405)the Key R&D Program of Jiangxi Province(20252BCF320039).
摘要Understanding how natural selection sustains genetic differentiation despite ongoing hybridization remains a central question in evolutionary biology.Here,we integrated range-wide whole-genome resequencing data and ecological niche modeling to elucidate the evolutionary history,local adaptation,and hybridization patterns of Juglans cathayensis,a walnut species widely distributed across subtropical China.Our analyses revealed that Chinese walnut comprised two genetic clusters corresponding to its two recognized varieties,which were further subdivided into three lineages:the East lineage,consisting exclusively of J.cathayensis var.formosana individuals;and the West and Admixed lineages,comprising genetically pure and admixed individuals of J.cathayensis var.cathayensis,respectively.The admixed populations formed a hybrid zone in the ecotone between the East and West lineages.Divergence between the East and West lineages dates to the Middle Pliocene,with persistent bidirectional gene flowuntil the mid-Pleistocene,likely driven by long-term local adaptation to niche differences between eastern and western China.Genomic regions of differentiation may result from divergent selection under gene flowand divergent sorting of ancient polymorphisms.Moreover,we identifiedpositively selected genes and environment-associated loci involved in ecological adaptation,underscoring their role in promoting intraspecificdifferentiation.Bayesian genomic cline analysis detected limited introgression of adaptive loci in the hybrid zone,suggesting that natural selection sustains divergence in genomic regions associated with local adaptation,while neutral loci are homogenized through hybridization.Together,these findingsprovide novel insights into the evolutionary mechanisms shaping plant diversity in subtropical China,a region recognized as an evolutionary cradle.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFB3609800)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62304244)+3 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2025M780550)Frontier Technologies R&D Program of Jiangsu(No.BF2025032)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20230235)Suzhou Key Core Technology Project:Leading the Charge with Open Competition(No.SYG2024104)。
摘要Achieving high emission efficiency at low current densities remains a challenge for micro-LEDs.Here,we demonstrate a controllable interfacial strategy by tuning the annealing temperature of RF-superimposed DC sputtered ITO to modulate carrier injection dynamics.STEM analysis reveals 500℃ annealing triggers discrete substitutional In-atom incorporation into the p-GaN lattice,forming localized nanoscale contact regions.This architecture induces a localized carrier injection mechanism that significantly enhances the efficiency of micro-LEDs at low current densities.Specifically,the 500℃-annealed 10μm devices exhibit a dramatic enhancement in light output power(LOP),reaching 1.3×10-1 mW at 5 A/cm2,which is significantly higher than the 5.3×10-4 mW measured for 700°C-annealed devices.Furthermore,the peak efficiency current density(Jpeak)is dramatically shifted from 140 to 17 A/cm2 for 5μm devices.Capacitance-voltage analysis further corroborates the localized carrier injection mechanism.These findings establish contact interfacial modulation as a robust strategy for optimizing micro-LEDs in low-power display applications and tailoring device-level performance across broader optoelectronics.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52274295)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(E2025501032,E2025501028)+3 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(N2523045,N2423051,N2423005,N2423019)the Science and Technology Project of Hebei Education Department(QN2024238)the Central Guided Local Science and Technology Development Fund Project of Hebei Province(254Z1102G)the Basic Research Program Project of Shijiazhuang City for Universities Stationed in Hebei Province(241790937A)。
摘要The P2-type Fe/Mn-based layered oxides,with cost advantages and high theoretical capacity,are considered one of the promising cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs).However,the commercial development of these materials is impeded by two main factors:the MnO6 structure distortion induced by the Jahn-Teller(J-T)effect of Mn3+,and the unfavorable phase transitions that occur during the insertion and extraction of Na+.Here,we present a strategy to improve structural stability by incorporating cost-effective,robust Al-O bonds.This approach induces localized adjustments in the electronic structu re and a pinning effect,which limits the deformation of the transition metal(TM)layers,strengthens the electrostatic bonding within the TM layers,and expands the Na layer spacing.Consequently,the Na0.67Fe0.4Mn0.54Al0.06O2 cathode demonstrates a capacity of 168.8 mAh g-1 at 0.1 C,maintaining89.2%of its original capacity after 200 cycles at 1 C.Through in situ electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)with dynamic resistance transformation(DRT)analysis,ex situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy(XAS),and in situ X-ray diffraction(XRD),the study demonstrates a reduction in the J-T effect,enhanced kinetic performance,and the inhibition of detrimental phase transitions.This study offers new avenues to the development and design of future low-cost Fe/Mn-based cathodes.
基金supported by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.2254106)State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing Technology for Vehicle(Grant No.32415005)+2 种基金the development and application project of ship CAE software,the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52471135 and 52235005)the Major Talent Programs of Guangdong Province(Grant No.2019QN01C435)the XPLORER PRIZE and New Cornerstone Science Foundation.
摘要Introducing high dislocation density has proven effective for attaining ultrahigh strength while retaining ductility.However,the role of high dislocation density in affecting the crack initiation and propagation(i.e.,toughness)is still unclear.The present study investigates the notch fracture behavior and deformation mechanisms of a strong and ductile FeNiAl steel with yield strength of 1797 MPa and uniform elongation of 28.5%,possessing high dislocation density resulting from severe cold-rolling process.The cold rolled steel with high dislocation density exhibits superior crack initiation resistance and fracture energy compared to the annealed counterpart with low dislocation density.Pronounced necking and strain localization are found at notch roots of the cold-rolled sample,indicating enhanced plastic deformation despite its higher yield strength and lower work hardening capacity.The dual roles of high dislocation density are identified:(1)dense dislocation networks restrict dislocation mobility to enhance flow stress while limiting large-range plastic strain under gradient stress;(2)whereas coordinated short-distance slip of abundant dislocations enables intensive and severe plastic strain that suppresses crack nucleation locally,providing critical insights for designing damage-tolerant ultrahigh-strength steels.
基金support of her postdoctoral research at the GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences.P.Pan acknowledges the financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52339001)H.Hofmann and Y.Ji acknowledge the financial support of the Helmholtz Association's Initiative and Networking Fund for the Helmholtz Young Investigator Group ARES(contract number VH-NG-1516).
摘要A multi-stage stress relaxation test was performed on a granodiorite sample to understand the deformation process prior to the macroscopic failure of brittle rocks,as well as the transient response during stress relaxation.Distributed optical fiber sensing was used to measure strains across the sample surface by helically wrapping the single-mode fiber around the cylindrical sample.Close agreement was observed between the circumferential strains obtained from the optical fibers and the extensometer.The reconstructed full-field strain contours show strain heterogeneity from the crack closure phase,and the strains in the later deformation phase are dominantly localized within the former high-strain zone.The Gini coefficient was used to quantify the degree of strain localization and shows an initial increase during the crack closure phase,a decrease during the linear elastic phase,and a subsequent increase during the post-yielding phase.This behavior corresponds to a process of initial localization from an imperfect boundary condition,homogenization,and eventual relocalization prior to the macroscopic failure of the sample.The transient strain rate decay during the stress relaxation phase was quantified using the p-value in the"Omori-like"power law function.A higher initial stress at the onset of relaxation results in a lower p-value,indicating a slower strain rate decay.As the sample approaches macroscopic failure,the lowest p-value shifts from the most damaged zone to adjacent areas,suggesting stress redistribution or crack propagation in deformed crystalline rocks under stress relaxation conditions.
基金financedby the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52274100 and U24B2040).
摘要The generalized mode Ⅲ fracture mechanism of edge-notched disc bend sandstone specimens exhibiting anisotropy—characterized by bedding planes at various angles—under different moisture conditions(dried,natural,and saturated)was analyzed using acoustic emission localization and three-dimensional scanning reconstruction techniques.The results indicate that the peak load,stress intensity factor,and energy dissipation of the specimens are significantly influenced by both bedding angle and moisture condition.With increasing bedding angle,the peak load,stress intensity factor,and fracture energy exhibit an overall decreasing trend—first decreasing and then slightly increasing.As the bedding angle increases from 0°to 60°,the peak load,initial fracture stress intensity factor,peak load stress intensity factor,and peak load fracture energy of the rock specimens under the natural condition decrease by 22.8%,23.5%,19.5%,and 36.7%,respectively.The presence of water within the rock weakens the peak load and stress intensity factors,and reduces the energy required for fracture.Additionally,water weakens the influence of bedding to some extent.In terms of crack network morphology,cracks tend to propagate preferentially along the bedding planes.Specimens with higher moisture content exhibit larger crack initiation angles and higher fractal dimensions.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51879044).
摘要Motivated by a real-world engineering project,this study explores the temporal development of scour depth and the morphology of scour pits around suction bucket foundations in silty clay subjected to unidirectional currents,through controlled laboratory flume experiments.The findings indicate that:(1)the maximum scour depth of the triple suction bucket foundation demonstrates substantial variation around the threshold flow velocity for silty clay Uc=0:4 m/s.Within a specific range,scour depth exhibits inverse relationship with bucket spacing and aspect ratio,while showing direct proportionality to flow velocity and exposed soil height.A robust functional relationship exists between scour depth and time under various conditions.The scour pit depth varies between the front and rear buckets,as well as between the inner and outer sides of the rear bucket.The disparity in scour depth between the rear and front buckets increases with rising flow velocity.(3)Analysis of field survey data from the engineering site reveals that the experimental results deviate smaller than 12%from the observed average scour pit depth,demonstrating strong correlation with actual conditions.Additionally,a proportional relationship between scour pit depth and width is derived from the field data,offering guidance for scour assessment and protection of triple suction bucket foundations in deep-sea silty clay environments.
基金Program of Beijing Municipal Education Commission(KM202310017006)Key Supported Project of the Joint Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U22B20127)+1 种基金Key R&D Program Project of Hebei Province:Development and Application of Robot Laser-Arc Hybrid Welding Technology(23311802D)High-Level Scientific Research and Innovation Team Construction Support Program Project of Beijing Municipal Colleges and Universities(BPHR20220110)。
摘要In response to the need for in-situ repair of deep cracks in a naval ship,a 4 mm-deep 30°U-shaped groove was prepared on 921A steel.Groove filling experiments were conducted using local dry underwater oscillating laser wire feed welding under the conditions of air and shallow water.The microstructure and properties of the welds were analyzed.The results indicate that sound welds without significant defects are obtained in both air and shallow water.Owing to the effective shielding gas protection within the local dry cavity and the rapid cooling effect underwater,the shallow water weld exhibits a bright white surface with densely distributed fish-scale patterns.The air weld includes a higher fraction of acicular ferrite,whereas the rapid cooling in water promotes the formation of lath martensite.The main alloying elements under both environments exhibit a smooth transition near the fusion lines with good metallurgical bonding.However,due to the higher cooling rate in the shallow water compared with that in air,there is a greater fluctuation in elemental distribution,along with higher contents of Si,Mn,and Mo and a slightly lower Cr content in the shallow water weld.The shallow water weld shows higher overall hardness than the air weld,though the hardness distribution trends across different zones are similar in both cases.Tensile tests reveal that fracture occurs in the base metal under both environments,with the tensile strength and yield strength ranking as follows:shallow water weld>air weld>base metal.However,electrochemical corrosion tests indicate that the shallow water weld has inferior corrosion resistance compared to the air weld.
摘要Common optimization methods for enhanced distillation include sequential iteration methods and metaheuristic algorithms,which typically face tedious computation and are easily trapped into local minimum.Therefore,it is essential to develop a strategy that enables simultaneous evaluation of multiple solutions.In this paper,a global optimization framework integrating MATLAB and Aspen Plus for liquid-only extractive dividing wall column(LEDWC)and conventional extractive distillation(CED)systems is proposed to enhance both computational efficiencyand search robustness.All possible combinations of key variables,including distillate and entrainer flowrates,feed stage,and total stage numbers,etc.-are considered systematically.They are arranged in full permutation within a sufficiently wide range.The permutation is then divided into multiple matrices by MATLAB.They are sequentially input into sensitivity analysis module in Aspen Plus through communication with MATLAB.Each group of integrated variables which satisfiesthe given constraints is used for the total annual cost(TAC)calculation.The mixture of ethanol(EtOH)and water,which can form a minimum boiling azeotrope(89.6%(mol)EtOH)at 100 kPa,is taken as a study system.Five different feed mixtures are taken for comprehensive analysis.The TAC profilesas a function of the total number of stages for the left column(NCL)in the LEDWC clearly indicate that the proposed strategy successfully identifiedmultiple local minima,demonstrating its capability to detect and escape suboptimal regions in highly nonlinear systems.The existence of local minima can be attributed to the coupling interaction between structural and process variables,as well as the influenceof flowcharacteristics within the column.This work indicates that as NCL increases,there is a competitive effect between the decrease in refluxratio for the left column(RRCL)and the increase in reboiler temperature,leading to fluctuationsin energy consumption;while changes in the distillation flowrate for the left column cause nonlinear changes in RRCL and the liquid flowrate between the left and right columns,further promoting the emergence of multiple local minima during the TAC optimization process.Additionally,analysis of the flowcharacteristics within the column revealed that the back-mixing phenomenon commonly observed in CED is absent in LEDWC,suggesting that back-mixing may be an important factor contributing to the more frequent occurrence of local optima.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52372362 and 12102361)the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi,China(No.2025JC-JCQN-071)+1 种基金the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China(No.LR25A020001)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(No.G2024KY0615)。
摘要The accurate prediction of boundary layer transition represents a persistent and extensively studied challenge in fluid mechanics and aircraft aerodynamic design.It is well recognized that,due to the limitations in computational efficiency and shape complexity,high-resolution numerical simulation techniques and classical stability theory are hard to be applied in the numerical simulation and optimization of complex aircraft designs.The classical correlation-based Langtry and Menter model and laminar kinetic energy model,incorporating stability analysis results,offer efficient solution strategies under the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes framework.Nonetheless,these models rely heavily on the range of available experimental data,which significantly restricts their applicability.Therefore,the Amplification Factor Transport(AFT)transition model anchored in linear stability theory foundations was derived from the findings of Coder and Maughmer and has since been adopted for transition prediction across a variety of complex geometries.This model not only incorporates the analytical foundation of linear stability theory,but also predicts the maximum envelope N value through a transport equation.It enables all non-local variables to be solved locally,ensuring compatibility with massively parallel computational fluid dynamics solvers.This paper systematically introduces the modeling concepts and key variable solution strategies of the currently prevalent transition-turbulence models based on local variables.It emphasizes the evolution of AFT transition frameworks,highlighting their progression from applications in the transition from 2D to 3D compressible boundary layer Tollmien-Schlichting waves,together with the formation of stationary crossflow vortices.In conclusion,this paper addresses the remaining challenges of the amplification factor transport transition model and explores potential directions for its future development.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFE0207300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.22179142 and 22075314)+1 种基金Jiangsu Provincial Science and Technology Program(Grant No.BG 2024020).XPSWAXS and TOF-SIMS characterizations were supported by Nano-X(Vacuum Interconnected Nanotech Workstation,Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics,Chinese Academy of Sciences(SINANO),Suzhou 215123,China)。
摘要The practical application of lithium metal batteries(LMBs)requires electrolytes that simultaneously ensure high safety and interfacial stability.Although locally concentrated ionic liquid electrolytes(LCILEs)exhibit exceptional electrochemical stability and compatibility with electrode electrolyte interfaces(EEIs),two major challenges persist:(i)safety risks caused by excessive low-flash-point diluents,and(ii)insufficient understanding of how diluents modulate solvation structures.Herein,we introduce a low-diluent-content LCILE system composed of lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide(LiFSI)salt,N-methyl-N-propyl-pyrrolidinium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide(Pyr13FSI)ionic liquid,and trifluoromethanesulfonate(TFS)diluent.The TFS diluent strengthens ion-ion interactions by lowering the dielectric constant of the electrolyte,resulting in the formation of a unique nanometric anion aggregates(N-AGGs)reinforced solvation structure.These large anionic clusters exhibit accelerated redox decomposition kinetics,facilitating the rapid formation of a thin,dense,and low-impedance EEI.Consequently,the Li/LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2coin cell achieves 87.8%capacity retention over 300 cycles at 4.3 V,while a practical 1.4 Ah Li/NCM622 pouch cell retains 84.5%capacity after 80 cycles at 4.5 V.Furthermore,the electrolyte demonstrates exceptional safety,and 2 Ah Li metal pouch cells successfully pass rigorous nail penetration tests without any ignition or explosion.This work not only provides a design strategy for intrinsically safe and high-performance electrolytes but also highlights the critical role of anion cluster decomposition kinetics in shaping EEI formation.
基金funded by the Youth Project of Basic Research Plan for Natural Sciences in Shaanxi Province,grant number 2024JC-YBQN-0253.
摘要The technology of locating magnetic anomaly targets via geomagnetic eld measurements has been increasingly widely applied,with multiple magnetic anomaly target localization emerging as a critical research direction.However,when two magnetic anomaly targets are horizontally close but vertically separated,traditional clustering-based localization methods tend to omit the deeper target.To address this issue,we propose an improved clustering-based localization method for multiple magnetic anomaly targets,which integrates two core innovations:the introduction of a reference target to establish a benchmark for normal magnetic moment distribution,and the utilization of spatial distribution characteristics of magnetic moment estimates to judge the presence of omitted targets.Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method not only achieves accurate localization of conventional targets but also eectively identies the omission of deeper targets,providing a reliable basis for determining whether supplementary localization steps are required.