This study offers a comprehensive analysis of the rejuvenation and memory effects observed during temperature cycling in five-component Weeks-Chandler-Andersen(WCA)systems,utilizing molecular dynamics simulations.We i...This study offers a comprehensive analysis of the rejuvenation and memory effects observed during temperature cycling in five-component Weeks-Chandler-Andersen(WCA)systems,utilizing molecular dynamics simulations.We investigate the molecular mechanisms driving these effects from a free volume perspective.Our findings reveal that dynamical processes and structural evolution at varying temperatures operate independently across multiple spatiotemporal scales,thereby highlighting a distinct decoupling of multiscale dynamics within glassy systems.Notably,while the total free volume remains constant over time,a pronounced peak in large free volume is observed during the second stage of temperature cycling.This peak is intricately linked to the aggregation of free volume,a key factor facilitating rejuvenation dynamics.Furthermore,our analysis shows that free volume aggregation primarily occurs in localized regions,which corresponds to the activation of secondary potential wells within the energy landscape.Critically,this process develops independently of large-scale structural changes,thus preserving the system’s memory effects.By emphasizing the crucial role of free volume in the emergence of marginally stable phases and rejuvenation phenomena,this study advances the theoretical understanding of non-equilibrium dynamics and provides valuable molecular insights into the complex physical behaviors inherent to glassy states.展开更多
Annealing has been a popular method to improve the soft magnetism of metallic glasses (MGs), which however usually makes MGs brittle and difficult to process. Here, it is demonstrated that the embrittled Fe-based MG c...Annealing has been a popular method to improve the soft magnetism of metallic glasses (MGs), which however usually makes MGs brittle and difficult to process. Here, it is demonstrated that the embrittled Fe-based MG can be reductilized and the coercivity can be further lowered through the rejuvenation of memory effect. The synchronous improvement in the plasticity and soft magnetic properties is attributed to the combination effects of releasing much residual stress, decreasing the magnetic anisotropy, and homogenizing the glasses during the rejuvenation process. The current work opens a new perspective to improve the properties of MGs by utilizing the memory effect and holds promising commercial application potential.展开更多
The emergence of additive manufacturing technology,particularly laser powder bed fusion,has revitalized NiTi alloy production.However,challenges arise regarding its mechanical properties and diminishing shape memory e...The emergence of additive manufacturing technology,particularly laser powder bed fusion,has revitalized NiTi alloy production.However,challenges arise regarding its mechanical properties and diminishing shape memory effect,which hinder its widespread application.Heat treatment has been identified as a method to enhance the performance of metallic materials in the realm of additive manufacturing.This process eliminates residual stress and enhances performance through precipitation strengthening.This study conducted a comprehensive annealing investigation on NiTi alloys to explore the impact of annealing time and temperature on the phase transformation behavior and shape memory performance.The mechanism underlying the performance enhancement was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy,energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy,electron backscatter diffraction,and transmission electron microscopy.The findings revealed that different annealing conditions resulted in multistep phase transformation behavior,with the 500℃-5 h sample exhibiting the best mechanical properties owing to the formation of nanoscale dispersed precipitates like Ni4Ti3.However,higher temperatures led to larger precipitates,significantly weakening the properties of the NiTi alloy.Additionally,the annealing treatment did not have a notable impact on the grain size,texture strength,or direction.This study provides valuable insights for optimizing the heat treatment process of LPBF-NiTi alloys.展开更多
The spectral memory effect in scattering media is crucial for applications that employ broadband illumination,as it dictates the available spectral range from independent scattering responses.Previous studies mainly c...The spectral memory effect in scattering media is crucial for applications that employ broadband illumination,as it dictates the available spectral range from independent scattering responses.Previous studies mainly considered a passive result with the average impact of the scattering medium,whereas it is vital to actively enhance or suppress this effect for applications concerned with large spectral range or fine resolution.We construct an analytical model by integrating the concepts of wave-based interference and photon-based propagation,which manifests a potential physical image for active manipulation by utilizing scattering eigenchannels.Our theoretical predictions indicate that the spectral memory effect is enhanced using high-transmission eigenchannels while it is suppressed using low-transmission eigenchannels.These predictions are supported by finite-difference time-domain simulations and experiments,demonstrating that the spectral memory effect’s range can be actively manipulated.Quantitatively,the experiments achieved variations in enhancement and suppression that exceeded threefold(∼3.27).We clarify the underlying principles of the spectral memory effect in scattering media and demonstrate active manipulation of multispectral scattering processes.展开更多
Laser additive manufacturing (AM) of lattice structures with light weight, excellent impact resistance, and energy absorption performance is receiving considerable attention in aerospace, transportation, and mechanica...Laser additive manufacturing (AM) of lattice structures with light weight, excellent impact resistance, and energy absorption performance is receiving considerable attention in aerospace, transportation, and mechanical equipment application fields. In this study, we designed four gradient lattice structures (GLSs) using the topology optimization method, including the unidirectional GLS, the bi-directional increasing GLS, the bi-directional decreasing GLS and the none-GLS. All GLSs were manufactureed by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). The uniaxial compression tests and finite element analysis were conducted to investigate the influence of gradient distribution features on deformation modes and energy absorption performance of GLSs. The results showed that, compared with the 45° shear fracture characteristic of the none-GLS, the unidirectional GLS, the bi-directional increasing GLS and the bi-directional decreasing GLS had the characteristics of the layer-by-layer fracture, showing considerably improved energy absorption capacity. The bi-directional increasing GLS showed a unique combination of shear fracture and layer-by-layer fracture, having the optimal energy absorption performance with energy absorption and specific energy absorption of 235.6 J and 9.5 J g-1 at 0.5 strain, respectively. Combined with the shape memory effect of NiTi alloy, multiple compression-heat recovery experiments were carried out to verify the shape memory function of LPBF-processed NiTi GLSs. These findings have potential value for the future design of GLSs and the realization of shape memory function of NiTi components through laser AM.展开更多
The influence of CoCr addition on the microstructure and magnetic properties was investigated in nanocomposite Pr2Fel4B/a-Fe alloys prepared by melt spinning. It was shown that the magnetic properties of Pr2Fel4B/ct-F...The influence of CoCr addition on the microstructure and magnetic properties was investigated in nanocomposite Pr2Fel4B/a-Fe alloys prepared by melt spinning. It was shown that the magnetic properties of Pr2Fel4B/ct-Fe nanocomposite were im- proved by an addition of 10 at.% CoCr, in particular, coercivity (Hc) from 4.9 up to 5.3 kOe, maximum energy product ((BH)max) from 10.6 up to 13.9 MGOe, and remanence (Mr) from 94.2 up to 98.4 emu/g. The field dependencies of the reversible and irreversible magnetization components were derived from the recoil loops. Combining with the initial magnetization curves, the results indi- cated that the pinning of domain walls at the grain boundaries dominated the magnetization reversal in Pr2Fe14B/ct-Fe nanocomposite alloys. The magnetic memory effect was studied by measuring the magnetic moment relaxation at a cycle negative magnetic field with time interval of 600 s. The exchange-spring magnets with magnetic memory effect have a high potential for high density magnetic recording.展开更多
A macroscopic based multi-mechanism constitutive model is constructed in the framework of irreversible thermodynamics to describe the degeneration of shape memory effect occurring in the thermo-mechanical cyclic defor...A macroscopic based multi-mechanism constitutive model is constructed in the framework of irreversible thermodynamics to describe the degeneration of shape memory effect occurring in the thermo-mechanical cyclic deformation of NiTi shape memory alloys (SMAs). Three phases, austenite A, twinned martensite and detwinned martensite , as well as the phase transitions occurring between each pair of phases (, , , , and are considered in the proposed model. Meanwhile, two kinds of inelastic deformation mechanisms, martensite transformation-induced plasticity and reorientation-induced plasticity, are used to explain the degeneration of shape memory effects of NiTi SMAs. The evolution equations of internal variables are proposed by attributing the degeneration of shape memory effect to the interaction between the three phases (A, , and and plastic deformation. Finally, the capability of the proposed model is verified by comparing the predictions with the experimental results of NiTi SMAs. It is shown that the degeneration of shape memory effect and its dependence on the loading level can be reasonably described by the proposed model.展开更多
The macromolecular architecture is the crucial factor in determining the arrangement of the ordering structures,which,because of the multiscale feature,may exhibit distinct melting behaviors and induce the so-called m...The macromolecular architecture is the crucial factor in determining the arrangement of the ordering structures,which,because of the multiscale feature,may exhibit distinct melting behaviors and induce the so-called memory effect to affect the following recrystallization.Until present,the correlation between the occurrence of memory effect and the intrinsic molecular structure is still far from the comprehensive understanding.In this work,four kinds of 1-butene/α-olefin random copolymers were designed and synthesized using the(pyridyl-amino)hafnium catalyst to introduce the different branches.The branch length was precisely controlled by the specific α-olefin comonomers,which include 1-hexene,1-decene,1-tetradecene,and 1-octadecene,while the branch density was tuned by the incorporation.As expected,the incorporation of α-olefin co-units to poly(1-butene)backbone decreases the non-isothermal crystallization kinetics and the degree of crystallinity.More interestingly,the resulting linear branch can induce the occurrence of memory effect and the threshold concentration of co-units(i.e.,branch density)decreases with increasing the branch length.Based on the results of these 1-butene/α-olefin copolymers with designable branches,a direct correlation with the occurrence of memory effect and the fraction of amorphous region was established,which quantitatively indicates the degree of local segregation of the crystallized poly(1-butene)sequences by theα-olefin co-units.展开更多
An intrinsic two-way shape memory effect with a fully recoverable strain of 1.0%was achieved in an as-prepared Ni50Mn37.5Sn12.5 metamagnetic shape memory microwire fabricated by Taylor-Ulitovsky method.This two-way sh...An intrinsic two-way shape memory effect with a fully recoverable strain of 1.0%was achieved in an as-prepared Ni50Mn37.5Sn12.5 metamagnetic shape memory microwire fabricated by Taylor-Ulitovsky method.This two-way shape memory effect is mainly owing to the internal stress caused by the retained martensite in austenite matrix,as revealed by transmission electron microscopy observations and highenergy X-ray diffraction experiments.After superelastic training for 30 loading/unloading cycles at room temperature,the amount of retained martensite increased and the recoverable strain of two-way shape memory effect increased significantly to 2.2%.Furthermore,a giant recoverable strain of 11.2%was attained under a bias stress of 300 MPa in the trained microwire.These properties confer this microwire great potential for micro-actuation applications.展开更多
The focus of this study is to investigate the influence of memory effect and the relation of its existence with the dissociation temperature,using gas hydrate formation and dissociation experiments.This is beneficial ...The focus of this study is to investigate the influence of memory effect and the relation of its existence with the dissociation temperature,using gas hydrate formation and dissociation experiments.This is beneficial because memory effect is considered as an effective approach to promote the thermodynamic and dynamic conditions of gas hydrate nucleation.Seven experimental systems(twenty tests in total)were performed in a 1 L pressure cell.Three types of hydrate morphology,namely massive,whiskery and jelly crystals were present in the experiments.The pressures and temperatures at the time when visual hydrate crystals appeared were measured.Furthermore,the influence of memory effect was quantified in terms of pressure-temperature-time(p-T-t)relations.The results revealed that memory effect could promote the thermodynamic conditions and shorten the induction time when the dissociation temperature was not higher than 25℃.In this study,the nucleation superpressure and induction time decrease gradually with time of tests,when the earlier and the later tests are compared.It is assumed that the residual structure of hydrate dissociation,as the source of the memory effect,provides a site for mass transfer between host and guest molecules.Therefore,a driving force is created between the residual structures and its surrounding bulk phase to promote the hydrate nucleation.However,when the dissociation temperature was higher than 25℃,the memory effect vanished.These findings provide references for the application of memory effect in hydrate-based technology.展开更多
Fractional calculus is a 300 years topic,which has been introduced to real physics systems modeling and engineering applications.In the last few decades,fractional-order nonlinear chaotic systems have been widely inve...Fractional calculus is a 300 years topic,which has been introduced to real physics systems modeling and engineering applications.In the last few decades,fractional-order nonlinear chaotic systems have been widely investigated.Firstly,the most used methods to solve fractional-order chaotic systems are reviewed.Characteristics and memory effect in those method are summarized.Then we discuss the memory effect in the fractional-order chaotic systems through the fractionalorder calculus and numerical solution algorithms.It shows that the integer-order derivative has full memory effect,while the fractional-order derivative has nonideal memory effect due to the kernel function.Memory loss and short memory are discussed.Finally,applications of the fractional-order chaotic systems regarding the memory effects are investigated.The work summarized in this manuscript provides reference value for the applied scientists and engineering community of fractional-order nonlinear chaotic systems.展开更多
The regulation of memory effect that the residual charges generated during and after discharge act on the initiation and development of subsequent discharge is explored by adjusting the pulse parameters,which have an ...The regulation of memory effect that the residual charges generated during and after discharge act on the initiation and development of subsequent discharge is explored by adjusting the pulse parameters,which have an influence on the discharge characteristics.The memory effect is quantified by the measurement of‘wall voltage’through a series of reference capacitors.The influences of memory effect on the discharge properties corresponding to rising/falling time50–500 ns,pulse width 0.5–1.5μs,and frequency 200–600 Hz are analyzed.It is found that the‘wall voltage’increases from 1.4 kV to 2.4 kV with rising/falling time from 50 ns to 500 ns,it varies in the range of 0.18 kV with frequency of 200–600 Hz,and 0.17 k V with pulse width of 0.5–1.5μs.The propagation velocity of wavelike ionization under the negative pulse slows down from 2184 km s-1to 1026 km s-1 as the rising/falling time increases from 50 ns to 500 ns due to the weakening of the electric field by the surface memory effect.More intense and uniform emission can be achieved through faster rising/falling time and higher frequency based on the volume memory effect,while pulse width has less influence on the emission uniformity.Furthermore,similar laws are obtained for spectral and discharge intensity.Therefore,the memory effect is most effectively regulated by rising/falling time,and the discharge properties are affected by the surface and volume memory effect.展开更多
In this work,a three-dimensional crystal-plasticity-based phase-field model considering three kinds of inelastic deformation mechanisms,i.e.,martensitic transformation,dislocation slip in austenite,and dislocation sli...In this work,a three-dimensional crystal-plasticity-based phase-field model considering three kinds of inelastic deformation mechanisms,i.e.,martensitic transformation,dislocation slip in austenite,and dislocation slip in martensite,is established to simulate the stress-assisted two-way shape memory effect(SATWSME)of NiTi single crystals and its cyclic degradation.The simulation results show that the ability of the SATWSME of NiTi single crystal increases as increasing the constant stress in the range discussed in this work(10–100 MPa),which is due to the increase of reoriented martensite formed in the cooling process due to the enhanced variant-selection capability of increased constant stress.The martensitic transformation and its reverse in the cyclic process reflecting the SATWSME show more and more obvious localization characteristics,resulting in the accumulation of significantly heterogeneous plastic deformation(mainly caused by the dislocation slip in austenite),which leads to the cyclic degradation of SATWSME.The simulation results and the conclusions drawn from this work are helpful for further understanding the mechanism of functional cyclic degradation of NiTi alloys.展开更多
A two-way shape memory effect (TWSM E) in the Ti46.3Ni44.7Nb9 alloy has been systematically investigated by means of bending test and transmission electron microscopy (TEM ) observations. Based on the analysis of the ...A two-way shape memory effect (TWSM E) in the Ti46.3Ni44.7Nb9 alloy has been systematically investigated by means of bending test and transmission electron microscopy (TEM ) observations. Based on the analysis of the microstructure after training. the mechanism of TWSME in the Ti46.3 Ni44.7Nb9 alloy has been discussed.展开更多
The Effect of the thermal cycling training under constant strain on the two-way shape memory effect (TWSME) in a Ti36l\li49Hf15 high temperature shape memory alloy (SMA) has been investigated by bending tests. The res...The Effect of the thermal cycling training under constant strain on the two-way shape memory effect (TWSME) in a Ti36l\li49Hf15 high temperature shape memory alloy (SMA) has been investigated by bending tests. The results indicated that the training procedure is beneficial to get the better TWSME. The two-way shape memory strain increases with increasing the training strain. And it decreases with increasing the training temperature. The TWSME obtained in the present alloy shows poorer stability compared with that obtained in the TiNi alloys.展开更多
Improvement of shape, memory effect (SME) in Fe-Mn-Si based alloys has been investigated, compared with that by conventional 'training' treatment. It is found that SME in Fe-Mn-Si alloy can be greatly improved...Improvement of shape, memory effect (SME) in Fe-Mn-Si based alloys has been investigated, compared with that by conventional 'training' treatment. It is found that SME in Fe-Mn-Si alloy can be greatly improved by ausforming and 3.8%recovery strain and 2.2% complete recovery strain can be reached by ausforming at 973 K when dynamic recrystallization has just occurred. The mechanism for the improvement of SME is proposed.展开更多
Abstract Using visual experimental apparatus, one system (T40, 1×10^-3 mol/L, nonadded with coal) and another system (T40, 2×10^-3 mol/L, added with coal) were experimented with for three times and two t...Abstract Using visual experimental apparatus, one system (T40, 1×10^-3 mol/L, nonadded with coal) and another system (T40, 2×10^-3 mol/L, added with coal) were experimented with for three times and two times, respectively. Five groups of P-T experimental parameters were obtained using the data logger system and analyzed combined with the video information of the experiments. Major conclustions show that the induction time is shortened by 10-20 times in the experimental system containing residual pentahedral ring structures; "memory effect" can accelerate the dynamic progress and improve the thermodynamic conditions of gas hydrate formation.展开更多
The effect of heat treatment on the phase transformation behavior of TiNiCu shape memory alloy wires and the temperature memory effect in this alloy were investigated by the resistance method.These results showed that...The effect of heat treatment on the phase transformation behavior of TiNiCu shape memory alloy wires and the temperature memory effect in this alloy were investigated by the resistance method.These results showed that with increasing annealing temperature and annealing time,the phase transformation temperatures of TiNiCu wires were shifted to higher temperatures in the heating and cooling process.It was also found that incomplete thermal cycles,upon heating the TiNiCu wires,which were arrested at a temperature between the start and finish temperatures of the reverse martensite transformation,could induce a kinetic stop in the next complete thermal cycle.The kinetic stop temperature was closely related to the previous arrested temperature.This phenomenon was defined as the temperature memory effect.The result of this study was consistent with the previous report on the phenomenon obtained using the differential scanning calorimetry method,indicating that temperature memory effect was a common phenomenon in shape memory alloys.展开更多
The effects of aging temperature on shape memory effect, mechanical properties and microstruc-ture of Fe-14Mn-5Si-8Cr-4Ni-0.2C shape memory alloy have been studied. The results showed that the second phase particles r...The effects of aging temperature on shape memory effect, mechanical properties and microstruc-ture of Fe-14Mn-5Si-8Cr-4Ni-0.2C shape memory alloy have been studied. The results showed that the second phase particles rich in chromium, manganese and silicon precipitate during aging, and thereby increase the hardness and strength of the alloy. The shape recovery ratio can be remarkably improved by aging and a maximum value can be obtained at 1223 K, which is 68% higher than that of the specimen in solid solution state. When the aging temperature is below 1223 K, the amount of second phase particles increases as the aging temperature increases. The size of austenite grain increases with increasing aging temperature. When the temperature is over 1223 K, the second phase particles can not precipitate. The lack of second phase particles and the increase of grain size make the hardness and shape recovery ratio drastically decrease, when the temperature is over 1223 K.展开更多
The influence of processing parameters on the microstructure and shape memory effect of Cu-26.1Zn-4.8Al alloy was investigated. The treated specimens were characterized by metallography, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and ...The influence of processing parameters on the microstructure and shape memory effect of Cu-26.1Zn-4.8Al alloy was investigated. The treated specimens were characterized by metallography, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to explain the mechanism of shape memory effect in Cu-26.1Zn-4.8Al alloy. The results reveal that the shape memory effect is markedly increased by appropriate quenching and ageing process. XRD shows that γ phase precipitates from martensite when aged at higher temperature and γ precipitates impair the shape memory effect. TEM analysis indicate that the substructure of plate-like martensite consists of twins and stacking faults.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22341304)the National Key R&D Program of China(Nos.2020YFA0713601 and 2023YFA1008800)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDC0180303)。
摘要This study offers a comprehensive analysis of the rejuvenation and memory effects observed during temperature cycling in five-component Weeks-Chandler-Andersen(WCA)systems,utilizing molecular dynamics simulations.We investigate the molecular mechanisms driving these effects from a free volume perspective.Our findings reveal that dynamical processes and structural evolution at varying temperatures operate independently across multiple spatiotemporal scales,thereby highlighting a distinct decoupling of multiscale dynamics within glassy systems.Notably,while the total free volume remains constant over time,a pronounced peak in large free volume is observed during the second stage of temperature cycling.This peak is intricately linked to the aggregation of free volume,a key factor facilitating rejuvenation dynamics.Furthermore,our analysis shows that free volume aggregation primarily occurs in localized regions,which corresponds to the activation of secondary potential wells within the energy landscape.Critically,this process develops independently of large-scale structural changes,thus preserving the system’s memory effects.By emphasizing the crucial role of free volume in the emergence of marginally stable phases and rejuvenation phenomena,this study advances the theoretical understanding of non-equilibrium dynamics and provides valuable molecular insights into the complex physical behaviors inherent to glassy states.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52231006)Junqiang Wang acknowledges financial support from the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2018YFA0703600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.92163108 and 52222105).
摘要Annealing has been a popular method to improve the soft magnetism of metallic glasses (MGs), which however usually makes MGs brittle and difficult to process. Here, it is demonstrated that the embrittled Fe-based MG can be reductilized and the coercivity can be further lowered through the rejuvenation of memory effect. The synchronous improvement in the plasticity and soft magnetic properties is attributed to the combination effects of releasing much residual stress, decreasing the magnetic anisotropy, and homogenizing the glasses during the rejuvenation process. The current work opens a new perspective to improve the properties of MGs by utilizing the memory effect and holds promising commercial application potential.
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFB4601701)74th Batch of General Funding from the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2023M741341)+7 种基金5th Batch of Special Grants from the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(before the station,Grant No.2023TQ0129)Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(Grant No.GZB20230257)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52375289,52205310)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(Grant No.ZR2021QE263)Science and Technology Development Program of Jilin Province(Grant No.20230508045RC)Capital Construction Fund plan within the budget of Jilin Province(Grant No.2023C041-4)Chongqing Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX0225)the Shandong Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.SDCX-ZG-202400238).
摘要The emergence of additive manufacturing technology,particularly laser powder bed fusion,has revitalized NiTi alloy production.However,challenges arise regarding its mechanical properties and diminishing shape memory effect,which hinder its widespread application.Heat treatment has been identified as a method to enhance the performance of metallic materials in the realm of additive manufacturing.This process eliminates residual stress and enhances performance through precipitation strengthening.This study conducted a comprehensive annealing investigation on NiTi alloys to explore the impact of annealing time and temperature on the phase transformation behavior and shape memory performance.The mechanism underlying the performance enhancement was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy,energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy,electron backscatter diffraction,and transmission electron microscopy.The findings revealed that different annealing conditions resulted in multistep phase transformation behavior,with the 500℃-5 h sample exhibiting the best mechanical properties owing to the formation of nanoscale dispersed precipitates like Ni4Ti3.However,higher temperatures led to larger precipitates,significantly weakening the properties of the NiTi alloy.Additionally,the annealing treatment did not have a notable impact on the grain size,texture strength,or direction.This study provides valuable insights for optimizing the heat treatment process of LPBF-NiTi alloys.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12325408,92150102,62205302,92150301,12274129,12074121,62105101,62175066,12274139,and 12404380)the Fundamental and Applied Basic Research Project of Guangzhou(Grant No.2024A04J2001)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Grant Nos.2024B1515020051 and 2023A1515110742).
摘要The spectral memory effect in scattering media is crucial for applications that employ broadband illumination,as it dictates the available spectral range from independent scattering responses.Previous studies mainly considered a passive result with the average impact of the scattering medium,whereas it is vital to actively enhance or suppress this effect for applications concerned with large spectral range or fine resolution.We construct an analytical model by integrating the concepts of wave-based interference and photon-based propagation,which manifests a potential physical image for active manipulation by utilizing scattering eigenchannels.Our theoretical predictions indicate that the spectral memory effect is enhanced using high-transmission eigenchannels while it is suppressed using low-transmission eigenchannels.These predictions are supported by finite-difference time-domain simulations and experiments,demonstrating that the spectral memory effect’s range can be actively manipulated.Quantitatively,the experiments achieved variations in enhancement and suppression that exceeded threefold(∼3.27).We clarify the underlying principles of the spectral memory effect in scattering media and demonstrate active manipulation of multispectral scattering processes.
基金supported by the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51735005 and U1930207)the Basic Strengthening Program(No.2019-JCJQ-JJ-331)+1 种基金National Natural Science Founda-tion of China for Creative Research Groups(No.51921003)the 15th Batch of‘Six Talents Peaks’Innovative Talents Team Program(No.TD-GDZB-001).
摘要Laser additive manufacturing (AM) of lattice structures with light weight, excellent impact resistance, and energy absorption performance is receiving considerable attention in aerospace, transportation, and mechanical equipment application fields. In this study, we designed four gradient lattice structures (GLSs) using the topology optimization method, including the unidirectional GLS, the bi-directional increasing GLS, the bi-directional decreasing GLS and the none-GLS. All GLSs were manufactureed by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). The uniaxial compression tests and finite element analysis were conducted to investigate the influence of gradient distribution features on deformation modes and energy absorption performance of GLSs. The results showed that, compared with the 45° shear fracture characteristic of the none-GLS, the unidirectional GLS, the bi-directional increasing GLS and the bi-directional decreasing GLS had the characteristics of the layer-by-layer fracture, showing considerably improved energy absorption capacity. The bi-directional increasing GLS showed a unique combination of shear fracture and layer-by-layer fracture, having the optimal energy absorption performance with energy absorption and specific energy absorption of 235.6 J and 9.5 J g-1 at 0.5 strain, respectively. Combined with the shape memory effect of NiTi alloy, multiple compression-heat recovery experiments were carried out to verify the shape memory function of LPBF-processed NiTi GLSs. These findings have potential value for the future design of GLSs and the realization of shape memory function of NiTi components through laser AM.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(5080104350971080+2 种基金11174183)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province of China(JQ201201ZR2013AM020)
摘要The influence of CoCr addition on the microstructure and magnetic properties was investigated in nanocomposite Pr2Fel4B/a-Fe alloys prepared by melt spinning. It was shown that the magnetic properties of Pr2Fel4B/ct-Fe nanocomposite were im- proved by an addition of 10 at.% CoCr, in particular, coercivity (Hc) from 4.9 up to 5.3 kOe, maximum energy product ((BH)max) from 10.6 up to 13.9 MGOe, and remanence (Mr) from 94.2 up to 98.4 emu/g. The field dependencies of the reversible and irreversible magnetization components were derived from the recoil loops. Combining with the initial magnetization curves, the results indi- cated that the pinning of domain walls at the grain boundaries dominated the magnetization reversal in Pr2Fe14B/ct-Fe nanocomposite alloys. The magnetic memory effect was studied by measuring the magnetic moment relaxation at a cycle negative magnetic field with time interval of 600 s. The exchange-spring magnets with magnetic memory effect have a high potential for high density magnetic recording.
基金Financial supports by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant 11532010)the project for Sichuan Provincial Youth Science and Technology Innovation Team, China (Grant 2013TD0004)
摘要A macroscopic based multi-mechanism constitutive model is constructed in the framework of irreversible thermodynamics to describe the degeneration of shape memory effect occurring in the thermo-mechanical cyclic deformation of NiTi shape memory alloys (SMAs). Three phases, austenite A, twinned martensite and detwinned martensite , as well as the phase transitions occurring between each pair of phases (, , , , and are considered in the proposed model. Meanwhile, two kinds of inelastic deformation mechanisms, martensite transformation-induced plasticity and reorientation-induced plasticity, are used to explain the degeneration of shape memory effects of NiTi SMAs. The evolution equations of internal variables are proposed by attributing the degeneration of shape memory effect to the interaction between the three phases (A, , and and plastic deformation. Finally, the capability of the proposed model is verified by comparing the predictions with the experimental results of NiTi SMAs. It is shown that the degeneration of shape memory effect and its dependence on the loading level can be reasonably described by the proposed model.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52022065)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2018YFB0704200).
摘要The macromolecular architecture is the crucial factor in determining the arrangement of the ordering structures,which,because of the multiscale feature,may exhibit distinct melting behaviors and induce the so-called memory effect to affect the following recrystallization.Until present,the correlation between the occurrence of memory effect and the intrinsic molecular structure is still far from the comprehensive understanding.In this work,four kinds of 1-butene/α-olefin random copolymers were designed and synthesized using the(pyridyl-amino)hafnium catalyst to introduce the different branches.The branch length was precisely controlled by the specific α-olefin comonomers,which include 1-hexene,1-decene,1-tetradecene,and 1-octadecene,while the branch density was tuned by the incorporation.As expected,the incorporation of α-olefin co-units to poly(1-butene)backbone decreases the non-isothermal crystallization kinetics and the degree of crystallinity.More interestingly,the resulting linear branch can induce the occurrence of memory effect and the threshold concentration of co-units(i.e.,branch density)decreases with increasing the branch length.Based on the results of these 1-butene/α-olefin copolymers with designable branches,a direct correlation with the occurrence of memory effect and the fraction of amorphous region was established,which quantitatively indicates the degree of local segregation of the crystallized poly(1-butene)sequences by theα-olefin co-units.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51731005,51822102 and 51527801)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(grant No.FRF-TP-18-008C1)Use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the U.S.Department of Energy,Office of Science,Office of Basic Energy Science,under Contract No.DE-AC02-06CH11357.
摘要An intrinsic two-way shape memory effect with a fully recoverable strain of 1.0%was achieved in an as-prepared Ni50Mn37.5Sn12.5 metamagnetic shape memory microwire fabricated by Taylor-Ulitovsky method.This two-way shape memory effect is mainly owing to the internal stress caused by the retained martensite in austenite matrix,as revealed by transmission electron microscopy observations and highenergy X-ray diffraction experiments.After superelastic training for 30 loading/unloading cycles at room temperature,the amount of retained martensite increased and the recoverable strain of two-way shape memory effect increased significantly to 2.2%.Furthermore,a giant recoverable strain of 11.2%was attained under a bias stress of 300 MPa in the trained microwire.These properties confer this microwire great potential for micro-actuation applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation(No.50874040,No.50904026)Heilongjiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation(No.B2007-10)Harbin Innovation Talent of Science and Technology Foundation(No.2007RFXXS050,No.2008RFQXG111)
摘要The focus of this study is to investigate the influence of memory effect and the relation of its existence with the dissociation temperature,using gas hydrate formation and dissociation experiments.This is beneficial because memory effect is considered as an effective approach to promote the thermodynamic and dynamic conditions of gas hydrate nucleation.Seven experimental systems(twenty tests in total)were performed in a 1 L pressure cell.Three types of hydrate morphology,namely massive,whiskery and jelly crystals were present in the experiments.The pressures and temperatures at the time when visual hydrate crystals appeared were measured.Furthermore,the influence of memory effect was quantified in terms of pressure-temperature-time(p-T-t)relations.The results revealed that memory effect could promote the thermodynamic conditions and shorten the induction time when the dissociation temperature was not higher than 25℃.In this study,the nucleation superpressure and induction time decrease gradually with time of tests,when the earlier and the later tests are compared.It is assumed that the residual structure of hydrate dissociation,as the source of the memory effect,provides a site for mass transfer between host and guest molecules.Therefore,a driving force is created between the residual structures and its surrounding bulk phase to promote the hydrate nucleation.However,when the dissociation temperature was higher than 25℃,the memory effect vanished.These findings provide references for the application of memory effect in hydrate-based technology.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61901530,62071496,and 62061008)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China(Grant No.2020JJ5767).
摘要Fractional calculus is a 300 years topic,which has been introduced to real physics systems modeling and engineering applications.In the last few decades,fractional-order nonlinear chaotic systems have been widely investigated.Firstly,the most used methods to solve fractional-order chaotic systems are reviewed.Characteristics and memory effect in those method are summarized.Then we discuss the memory effect in the fractional-order chaotic systems through the fractionalorder calculus and numerical solution algorithms.It shows that the integer-order derivative has full memory effect,while the fractional-order derivative has nonideal memory effect due to the kernel function.Memory loss and short memory are discussed.Finally,applications of the fractional-order chaotic systems regarding the memory effects are investigated.The work summarized in this manuscript provides reference value for the applied scientists and engineering community of fractional-order nonlinear chaotic systems.
基金provided by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51807156 and 61771382)Projects of International Cooperation and Exchanges Shaanxi Province(No.2018KW034)+1 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2017M623174)Central University Basic Scientific Research Operating Expenses(No.xpt012019041)。
摘要The regulation of memory effect that the residual charges generated during and after discharge act on the initiation and development of subsequent discharge is explored by adjusting the pulse parameters,which have an influence on the discharge characteristics.The memory effect is quantified by the measurement of‘wall voltage’through a series of reference capacitors.The influences of memory effect on the discharge properties corresponding to rising/falling time50–500 ns,pulse width 0.5–1.5μs,and frequency 200–600 Hz are analyzed.It is found that the‘wall voltage’increases from 1.4 kV to 2.4 kV with rising/falling time from 50 ns to 500 ns,it varies in the range of 0.18 kV with frequency of 200–600 Hz,and 0.17 k V with pulse width of 0.5–1.5μs.The propagation velocity of wavelike ionization under the negative pulse slows down from 2184 km s-1to 1026 km s-1 as the rising/falling time increases from 50 ns to 500 ns due to the weakening of the electric field by the surface memory effect.More intense and uniform emission can be achieved through faster rising/falling time and higher frequency based on the volume memory effect,while pulse width has less influence on the emission uniformity.Furthermore,similar laws are obtained for spectral and discharge intensity.Therefore,the memory effect is most effectively regulated by rising/falling time,and the discharge properties are affected by the surface and volume memory effect.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(12202294,12022208,and 12322203)the Project funded by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M712243)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2023SCU12098)are acknowledged.
摘要In this work,a three-dimensional crystal-plasticity-based phase-field model considering three kinds of inelastic deformation mechanisms,i.e.,martensitic transformation,dislocation slip in austenite,and dislocation slip in martensite,is established to simulate the stress-assisted two-way shape memory effect(SATWSME)of NiTi single crystals and its cyclic degradation.The simulation results show that the ability of the SATWSME of NiTi single crystal increases as increasing the constant stress in the range discussed in this work(10–100 MPa),which is due to the increase of reoriented martensite formed in the cooling process due to the enhanced variant-selection capability of increased constant stress.The martensitic transformation and its reverse in the cyclic process reflecting the SATWSME show more and more obvious localization characteristics,resulting in the accumulation of significantly heterogeneous plastic deformation(mainly caused by the dislocation slip in austenite),which leads to the cyclic degradation of SATWSME.The simulation results and the conclusions drawn from this work are helpful for further understanding the mechanism of functional cyclic degradation of NiTi alloys.
摘要A two-way shape memory effect (TWSM E) in the Ti46.3Ni44.7Nb9 alloy has been systematically investigated by means of bending test and transmission electron microscopy (TEM ) observations. Based on the analysis of the microstructure after training. the mechanism of TWSME in the Ti46.3 Ni44.7Nb9 alloy has been discussed.
摘要The Effect of the thermal cycling training under constant strain on the two-way shape memory effect (TWSME) in a Ti36l\li49Hf15 high temperature shape memory alloy (SMA) has been investigated by bending tests. The results indicated that the training procedure is beneficial to get the better TWSME. The two-way shape memory strain increases with increasing the training strain. And it decreases with increasing the training temperature. The TWSME obtained in the present alloy shows poorer stability compared with that obtained in the TiNi alloys.
摘要Improvement of shape, memory effect (SME) in Fe-Mn-Si based alloys has been investigated, compared with that by conventional 'training' treatment. It is found that SME in Fe-Mn-Si alloy can be greatly improved by ausforming and 3.8%recovery strain and 2.2% complete recovery strain can be reached by ausforming at 973 K when dynamic recrystallization has just occurred. The mechanism for the improvement of SME is proposed.
摘要Abstract Using visual experimental apparatus, one system (T40, 1×10^-3 mol/L, nonadded with coal) and another system (T40, 2×10^-3 mol/L, added with coal) were experimented with for three times and two times, respectively. Five groups of P-T experimental parameters were obtained using the data logger system and analyzed combined with the video information of the experiments. Major conclustions show that the induction time is shortened by 10-20 times in the experimental system containing residual pentahedral ring structures; "memory effect" can accelerate the dynamic progress and improve the thermodynamic conditions of gas hydrate formation.
摘要The effect of heat treatment on the phase transformation behavior of TiNiCu shape memory alloy wires and the temperature memory effect in this alloy were investigated by the resistance method.These results showed that with increasing annealing temperature and annealing time,the phase transformation temperatures of TiNiCu wires were shifted to higher temperatures in the heating and cooling process.It was also found that incomplete thermal cycles,upon heating the TiNiCu wires,which were arrested at a temperature between the start and finish temperatures of the reverse martensite transformation,could induce a kinetic stop in the next complete thermal cycle.The kinetic stop temperature was closely related to the previous arrested temperature.This phenomenon was defined as the temperature memory effect.The result of this study was consistent with the previous report on the phenomenon obtained using the differential scanning calorimetry method,indicating that temperature memory effect was a common phenomenon in shape memory alloys.
摘要The effects of aging temperature on shape memory effect, mechanical properties and microstruc-ture of Fe-14Mn-5Si-8Cr-4Ni-0.2C shape memory alloy have been studied. The results showed that the second phase particles rich in chromium, manganese and silicon precipitate during aging, and thereby increase the hardness and strength of the alloy. The shape recovery ratio can be remarkably improved by aging and a maximum value can be obtained at 1223 K, which is 68% higher than that of the specimen in solid solution state. When the aging temperature is below 1223 K, the amount of second phase particles increases as the aging temperature increases. The size of austenite grain increases with increasing aging temperature. When the temperature is over 1223 K, the second phase particles can not precipitate. The lack of second phase particles and the increase of grain size make the hardness and shape recovery ratio drastically decrease, when the temperature is over 1223 K.
摘要The influence of processing parameters on the microstructure and shape memory effect of Cu-26.1Zn-4.8Al alloy was investigated. The treated specimens were characterized by metallography, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to explain the mechanism of shape memory effect in Cu-26.1Zn-4.8Al alloy. The results reveal that the shape memory effect is markedly increased by appropriate quenching and ageing process. XRD shows that γ phase precipitates from martensite when aged at higher temperature and γ precipitates impair the shape memory effect. TEM analysis indicate that the substructure of plate-like martensite consists of twins and stacking faults.