In this paper,the channel estimation(CE)problem in multi-user hybrid-field communication systems enhanced by an active intelligent reflecting surface(IRS)is investigated.To effectively characterize the spatially non-s...In this paper,the channel estimation(CE)problem in multi-user hybrid-field communication systems enhanced by an active intelligent reflecting surface(IRS)is investigated.To effectively characterize the spatially non-stationary characteristics of large-scale active IRS under hybrid-field propagation,the uniform linear array of the active IRS is partitioned into multiple sub-blocks.Each user is assumed to be in the far-field region of each sub-block while remaining in the near-field region of the entire IRS,which enables dimensionality reduction in channel modeling and alleviates computational complexity.Moreover,under the total power constraint between the users and the active IRS,a closed-form solution for the optimal power allocation factor is rigorously derived.Furthermore,a novel multi-user pilot transmission strategy is designed,based on which efficient least squares(LS)estimators are developed for both the direct and cascaded links.To further enhance estimation performance,a deep learning based CE framework is proposed by integrating residual blocks into a U-Net architecture.The proposed network leverages the encoder–decoder pathway and skip connections for hierarchical feature extraction,while the residual modules strengthen representational capability and facilitate gradient propagation.Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed deep learning based estimator significantly outperforms conventional LS and minimum mean square error(MMSE)methods in terms of estimation accuracy,while reducing pilot overhead by seven-eighths.展开更多
Background The redirected walking(RDW)method for multi-user collaboration requires maintaining the relative position between users in a virtual environment(VE)and physical environment(PE).A chasing game in a VE is a t...Background The redirected walking(RDW)method for multi-user collaboration requires maintaining the relative position between users in a virtual environment(VE)and physical environment(PE).A chasing game in a VE is a typical virtual reality game that entails multi-user collaboration.When a user approaches and interacts with a target user in the VE,the user is expected to approach and interact with the target user in the corresponding PE as well.Existing methods of multi-user RDW mainly focus on obstacle avoidance,which does not account for the relative positional relationship between the users in both VE and PE.Methods To enhance the user experience and facilitate potential interaction,this paper presents a novel dynamic alignment algorithm for multi-user collaborative redirected walking(DA-RDW)in a shared PE where the target user and other users are moving.This algorithm adopts improved artificial potential fields,where the repulsive force is a function of the relative position and velocity of the user with respect to dynamic obstacles.For the best alignment,this algorithm sets the alignment-guidance force in several cases and then converts it into a constrained optimization problem to obtain the optimal direction.Moreover,this algorithm introduces a potential interaction object selection strategy for a dynamically uncertain environment to speed up the subsequent alignment.To balance obstacle avoidance and alignment,this algorithm uses the dynamic weightings of the virtual and physical distances between users and the target to determine the resultant force vector.Results The efficacy of the proposed method was evaluated using a series of simulations and live-user experiments.The experimental results demonstrate that our novel dynamic alignment method for multi-user collaborative redirected walking can reduce the distance error in both VE and PE to improve alignment with fewer collisions.展开更多
Orbital angular momentum(OAM)can achieve multifold increase of spectrum efficiency,but the hollow divergence characteristic and Line-of-Sight(LoS)path requirement impose the crucial challenges for vortex wave communic...Orbital angular momentum(OAM)can achieve multifold increase of spectrum efficiency,but the hollow divergence characteristic and Line-of-Sight(LoS)path requirement impose the crucial challenges for vortex wave communications.For air-to-ground vortex wave communications,where there exists the LoS path,this paper proposes a multi-user cooperative receive(MUCR)scheme to break through the communication distance limitation caused by the characteristic of vortex wave hollow divergence.In particular,we derive the optimal radial position corresponding to the maximum intensity,which is used to adjust the waist radius.Based on the waist radius and energy ring,the cooperative ground users having the minimum angular square difference are selected.Also,the signal compensation scheme is proposed to decompose OAM signals in air-to-ground vortex wave communications.Simulation results are presented to verify the superiority of our proposed MUCR scheme.展开更多
In a recent work [Quantum Inf. Process 12 (2013) 1077], a multi-user protocol of quantum private comparison of equality (QPCE) is presented. Here we point out that if we relax the constraint of a semi-honest third...In a recent work [Quantum Inf. Process 12 (2013) 1077], a multi-user protocol of quantum private comparison of equality (QPCE) is presented. Here we point out that if we relax the constraint of a semi-honest third party, the private information of the users will be totally leaked out to the third party. A special attack is demonstrated in detail. Furthermore, a possible improvement is proposed, which makes the protocol secure against this kind of attack.展开更多
Spatial modulation(SM) is a class of novel multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO) techniques toward future wireless communications,which activates only one transmit antenna in each time slot,so as to reduce the number o...Spatial modulation(SM) is a class of novel multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO) techniques toward future wireless communications,which activates only one transmit antenna in each time slot,so as to reduce the number of RF chains for saving the implement cost.Meanwhile,considering its application in 5G systems with multiple users,the detection of multi-user spatial modulation has drawn greater attention.In this paper,a pair of efficient detectors are proposed for multi-user spatial modulation.Specially,a threshold-aided approximate message passing(T-AMP) detector is proposed with the purpose of reducing the computational complexity of traditional structured approximate message passing(Str-AMP) detector.In addition,a novel probability sorting aided approximate message passing detector,called probability-ranking-aided AMP detector(P-AMP),is also proposed with the purpose of improving the performance.Simulation results show that the proposed T-AMP detector is able to achieve similar performance as traditional StrAMP with lower complexity,while the proposed P-AMP detector exhibits a better symbol error rate(SER) performance with similar complexity.展开更多
The bit error rate (BER) performance of multi-user direct spreading bi-phase shift keying (DSBPSK) direct impulse ultra wideband (UWB) systems is analyzed and simulated based on a statistical indoor multi-path f...The bit error rate (BER) performance of multi-user direct spreading bi-phase shift keying (DSBPSK) direct impulse ultra wideband (UWB) systems is analyzed and simulated based on a statistical indoor multi-path fading channel model. The BER of the system is theoretically derived and given in closed form, which is expressed in terms of channel parameters and system parameters such as pulse width parameter, pulse repeat period, user number and pulse waveform. With this BER expression, the effect of these parameters on the system performance can be evaluated in a uniform way. Simulation results well match the theory numerical results, and prove that the multi-access interference (MAI) of DS-BPSK UWB is a normal distribution.展开更多
The subcarrier allocation problem in cognitive radio(CR)networks with multi-user orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing(OFDM)and distributed antenna is analyzed and modeled for the flat fading channel and the ...The subcarrier allocation problem in cognitive radio(CR)networks with multi-user orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing(OFDM)and distributed antenna is analyzed and modeled for the flat fading channel and the frequency selective channel,where the constraint on the secondary user(SU)to protect the primary user(PU)is that the total throughput of each PU must be above the given threshold instead of the "interference temperature".According to the features of different types of channels,the optimal subcarrier allocation schemes are proposed to pursue efficiency(or maximal throughput),using the branch and bound algorithm and the 0-1 implicit enumeration algorithm.Furthermore,considering the tradeoff between efficiency and fairness,the optimal subcarrier allocation schemes with fairness are proposed in different fading channels,using the pegging algorithm.Extensive simulation results illustrate the significant performance improvement of the proposed subcarrier allocation schemes compared with the existing ones in different scenarios.展开更多
The numbers of multimedia applications and their users increase with each passing day.Different multi-carrier systems have been developed along with varying techniques of space-time coding to address the demand of the...The numbers of multimedia applications and their users increase with each passing day.Different multi-carrier systems have been developed along with varying techniques of space-time coding to address the demand of the future generation of network systems.In this article,a fuzzy logic empowered adaptive backpropagation neural network(FLeABPNN)algorithm is proposed for joint channel and multi-user detection(CMD).FLeABPNN has two stages.The first stage estimates the channel parameters,and the second performsmulti-user detection.The proposed approach capitalizes on a neuro-fuzzy hybrid systemthat combines the competencies of both fuzzy logic and neural networks.This study analyzes the results of using FLeABPNN based on a multiple-input andmultiple-output(MIMO)receiver with conventional partial oppositemutant particle swarmoptimization(POMPSO),total-OMPSO(TOMPSO),fuzzy logic empowered POMPSO(FL-POMPSO),and FL-TOMPSO-based MIMO receivers.The FLeABPNN-based receiver renders better results than other techniques in terms of minimum mean square error,minimum mean channel error,and bit error rate.展开更多
Recently,Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces(RISs)have drawn intensive attention in the realization of the smart radio environment.However,existing works mainly consider the RIS as a whole uniform plane,which may be u...Recently,Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces(RISs)have drawn intensive attention in the realization of the smart radio environment.However,existing works mainly consider the RIS as a whole uniform plane,which may be unrealistic to be installed on the facade of buildings when the RIS is extremely large.In contrast,this paper investigates a practical Sparse Array of Sub-surface(SAoS)deployment of the RIS for uplink multi-user millimeter Wave(mmWave)communication systems,in which the Mobile Stations(MSs)are distributed in the blind coverage area due to the blockage.In order to exploit the benefits of the sparse deployment,the correlation of the effective channel is firstly investigated.Then the approximation and lower bounds of the ergodic spectral efficiency are derived under frequency and spatial multiplexing scenarios,respectively.Based on the autocorrelation of the effective channel,we obtain an optimal reflect coefficient design as well as the deployment guidelines of RIS tiles.Moreover,the RIS tile scheduling algorithms are also proposed.Numerical results show that the ergodic spectral efficiency approximation matches well with the Monte Carlo result under frequency multiplexing scenarios,and the lower bound is tight under spatial multiplexing scenarios only when the effective channel is strongly correlated.On the basis of the RIS tile scheduling algorithm and the reflect coefficient design,the system performance can be significantly improved under frequency multiplexing scenarios.On the other hand,by deploying more sparse RIS tiles,we can increase the multiplexing gain under spatial multiplexing scenarios.展开更多
In order to reduce the feedback load of multi-user orthogonal frequency division multiplexing ( OFDM ) -based wireless systems, a practiral limited bits feedback precoding algorithm is proposed with direct source-de...In order to reduce the feedback load of multi-user orthogonal frequency division multiplexing ( OFDM ) -based wireless systems, a practiral limited bits feedback precoding algorithm is proposed with direct source-destination link based on amplify-and- forward cooperative relay network under frequency selective fading channels. Using joint minimum mean square error(MMSE) filter, the receiving decoding matrix is designed for each user in the paper. Source precoding (beamforming) matrix is optimized with convex function of weight mean square error (MSE). Relay precoding matrix is obtained under MSE decomposition and convex optimization. The precoding matrix index is fed back for clustered subcarrier of OFDM with limited feedback. Then using interpolation algorithm, all precoding matrices are achieved at base station (BS) and relay nodes. Simulations indicate the effectiveness of the proposed limited feedback joint precoding and beam_formlng design. The proposed method can improve bit error rate (BER) performance and obtain better sum-rate performance in contrast to existing algorithms. It displays the BER performance is close to that of the unquantified precoding feedback method.展开更多
An improved wavelet packet domain least mean square (IWPD-LMS) based adaptive muhiuser detection algorithm is proposed. The algorithm employs the wavelet packet transform to rewhiten the input data, and chooses the ...An improved wavelet packet domain least mean square (IWPD-LMS) based adaptive muhiuser detection algorithm is proposed. The algorithm employs the wavelet packet transform to rewhiten the input data, and chooses the best wavelet packet basis according to a novel convergence contribution function rather than the conventional Shannon entropy. The theoretic analyses show that the inadequacy of the eigenvalue spread of the tap-input correlation matrix is ameliorated, thus the convergence performance is improved greatly. The simulation result of convergence performance and bit error rate(BER) performance as a function of the signal power to noise power ratio(SNR) are presented finally to prove the validity of the proposed algorithm.展开更多
RLS and LMS blind adaptive multi-user detection algorithm and multi-user detector was proposed to solve the problem of multi-user signal detection problem encountered in underwater acoustic communication networks.In s...RLS and LMS blind adaptive multi-user detection algorithm and multi-user detector was proposed to solve the problem of multi-user signal detection problem encountered in underwater acoustic communication networks.In simulation analysis,RLS and the LMS blind adaptive multi-user detector were designed and tested for synchronous and asynchronous multi-user communication process.The results of SIR comparison and MMSE comparison show that,both of the two methods can realize blind adaptive detection when any user change in multi-user communication,during this process,the training communication sequences are not needed.The RLS algorithm has about 5 dB higher in SIR compared with LMS algorithm,and the convergence velocity of RLS algorithm is also higher than LMS algorithm when the communication users change.RLS algorithm has better ability in multi-user detection than that of LMS algorithm,and it has great attraction and guiding significance for solving the problem of multiple access interference(MAI) in multi-user communication.展开更多
A novel non-coherent detection scheme for differential frequency hopping(DFH)system is proposedin asynchronous multi-user environments over Rayleigh-fading channels.The synchronous and asyn-chronous multi-user perform...A novel non-coherent detection scheme for differential frequency hopping(DFH)system is proposedin asynchronous multi-user environments over Rayleigh-fading channels.The synchronous and asyn-chronous multi-user performances of DFH with the conventional detection scheme and this novel detectionscheme are analyzed,respectively.The performance results are validated with simulation.The results ofanalyses and simulations prove two conclusions.Firstly,the performance of asynchronous multi-user DFHsystem overcomes that of synchronous multi-user DFH system over Rayleigh-fading channel.Secondly,the novel detection scheme can achieve better performance than the conventional non-coherent detectionscheme in asynchronous multi-user environments.展开更多
A convolutional weighting (CW) scheme applied to a half-wavelength spacing array was proposed for multi-user system to joint STBC (space time block ceding) and beam forming (BF). The transmitting beam is equival...A convolutional weighting (CW) scheme applied to a half-wavelength spacing array was proposed for multi-user system to joint STBC (space time block ceding) and beam forming (BF). The transmitting beam is equivalent to the product of two sub-beams. One is used to realize interference suppression, while the other is employed to form a couple of uncorrelated channels from base station (BS) to the desited user (to meet the requirement of STBC) and to maximize SINR (signal-to-interference-plus noise ratio) at the desired receiver. As an optimum combination of STBC and beam forming, the proposed scheme can achieve both full diversity order of STBC and array gain of BF. Meanwhile, it can also effec- tively restrain multi-user interference by nulling. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can significantly improve the BER (Bit Error Rate) performance and enhance system capacity as compared with the conventional eigen-beamforming (EBF) technique applied to a half-wavelength spacing array.展开更多
In the uplink grant-free non-orthogonal multiple access(NOMA)scenario,since the active user at the sender has a structured sparsity transmission characteristic,the compressive sensing recovery algorithm is initially a...In the uplink grant-free non-orthogonal multiple access(NOMA)scenario,since the active user at the sender has a structured sparsity transmission characteristic,the compressive sensing recovery algorithm is initially applied to the joint detection of the active user and the transmitted data.However,the existing compressed sensing recovery algorithms with unknown sparsity often require noise power or signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)as the priori conditions,which greatly reduces the algorithm adaptability in multi-user detection.Therefore,an algorithm based on cross validation aided structured sparsity adaptive orthogonal matching pursuit(CVA-SSAOMP)is proposed to realize multi-user detection in dynamic change communication scenario of channel state information(CSI).The proposed algorithm transforms the structured sparsity model into a block sparse model,and without the priori conditions above,the cross validation method in the field of statistics and machine learning is used to adaptively estimate the sparsity of active user through the residual update of cross validation.The simulation results show that,compared with the traditional orthogonal matching pursuit(OMP)algorithm,subspace pursuit(SP)algorithm and cross validation aided block sparsity adaptive subspace pursuit(CVA-BSASP)algorithm,the proposed algorithm can effectively improve the accurate estimation of the sparsity of active user and the performance of system bit error ratio(BER),and has the advantage of low-complexity.展开更多
The joint channel and power allocation in the downlink transmission of multi-user multi-carrier code division multiple access(MC-CDMA) systems are investigated and the throughput maximization problem is considered a...The joint channel and power allocation in the downlink transmission of multi-user multi-carrier code division multiple access(MC-CDMA) systems are investigated and the throughput maximization problem is considered as a mixed integer optimization problem. For simplicity of analysis, the problem is divided into two less complex sub-problems: power allocation and channel allocation, which can be solved by a suboptimal adaptive power allocation (APA)algorithm and an optimal adaptive channel allocation (ACA) algorithm, respectively. By combining APA and ACA algorithms, an adaptive channel and power allocation scheme is proposed. The numerical results show that the proposed APA algorithm is more suitable for MC-CDMA systems than the conventional equal power allocation algorithm, and that the proposed channel and power allocation scheme can significantly improve the system throughout performance.展开更多
A study on the zero-forcing beamforming(ZFBF)scheme with antenna selection at user terminals in downlink multi-antenna multi-user systems is presented.Simulation results show that the proposed ZFBF scheme with receive...A study on the zero-forcing beamforming(ZFBF)scheme with antenna selection at user terminals in downlink multi-antenna multi-user systems is presented.Simulation results show that the proposed ZFBF scheme with receiver antenna selection(ZFBF-AS)achieves considerable throughput improvement over the ZFBF scheme with single receiver antenna.The results also show that,with multi-user diversity,the ZFBF-AS scheme approaches the throughput performance of the ZFBF scheme using all receiver antennas(ZFBF-WO-AS)when the base station adopts semi-orthogonal user selection(SUS)algorithm,and achieves larger throughput when the base station adopts the Round-robin scheduling algorithm.Compared with ZFBF-WO-AS,the proposed ZFBF-AS scheme can reduce the cost of user equipments and the channel state information requirement at the transmitter(CSIT)as well as the multiuser scheduling complexity at the transmitter.展开更多
To improve the computational speed, the ROLS-AWS algorithm was employed in the RBF based MUD receiver. The radial basis function was introduced into the multi-user detection (MUD) firstly. Then a three-layer neural ...To improve the computational speed, the ROLS-AWS algorithm was employed in the RBF based MUD receiver. The radial basis function was introduced into the multi-user detection (MUD) firstly. Then a three-layer neural network demodulation spread-spectrum signal model in the synchronous Gauss channel was given and the multi-user detection receiver was analyzed intensively. Simulations by computer illustrate that the proposed RBF based MUD receiver employing the ROKS-AWS algorithm is better than conventional detectors and common BP neural network based MUD receivers on suppressing multiple access interference and near-far resistance.展开更多
Non-orthogonal multiple access(NOMA)is proved to be useful to satisfy the requirements of beyond 5th generation such as massive multi-user connection.Here we compare the performances of two NOMA schemes:low code rate ...Non-orthogonal multiple access(NOMA)is proved to be useful to satisfy the requirements of beyond 5th generation such as massive multi-user connection.Here we compare the performances of two NOMA schemes:low code rate spreading(LCRS)scheme and interleaver division multiple access(IDMA)scheme.It is found that LCRS is superior to IDMA when number of users is small due to coding gain achieved.While IDMA is preferred when number of users is high because repetition applied in IDMA can suppress multi-user interference effectively.And interleaver is important in IDMA for randomizing the interference.Also,this paper evaluates the impact of channel decoder.It is observed that Log-MAP decoder has much better performance than that of Max-Log-MAP when number of users is large.Thus,it is recommended to use Log-MAP decoder in NOMA in high user overloading case.We also compared the performance of NOMA by using different type of channel codes.We find that NOMA using specific convolutional code has a better performance than that of using specific LDPC code when number of users is high.展开更多
To meet the communication services with diverse requirements,dynamic resource allocation has shown increasing importance.In this paper,we consider the multi-slot and multi-user resource allocation(MSMU-RA)in a downlin...To meet the communication services with diverse requirements,dynamic resource allocation has shown increasing importance.In this paper,we consider the multi-slot and multi-user resource allocation(MSMU-RA)in a downlink cellular scenario with the aim of maximizing system spectral efficiency while guaranteeing user fairness.We first model the MSMURA problem as a dual-sequence decision-making process,and then solve it by a novel Transformerbased deep reinforcement learning(TDRL)approach.Specifically,the proposed TDRL approach can be achieved based on two aspects:1)To adapt to the dynamic wireless environment,the proximal policy optimization(PPO)algorithm is used to optimize the multi-slot RA strategy.2)To avoid co-channel interference,the Transformer-based PPO algorithm is presented to obtain the optimal multi-user RA scheme by exploring the mapping between user sequence and resource sequence.Experimental results show that:i)the proposed approach outperforms both the traditional and DRL methods in spectral efficiency and user fairness,ii)the proposed algorithm is superior to DRL approaches in terms of convergence speed and generalization performance.展开更多
基金supported in part by Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.626ZD0993,526QN0542,626QN0553)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U22A2002)+1 种基金the Hainan Province Science and Technology Special Fund(No.ZDYF2024GXJS292)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFF0612900).
摘要In this paper,the channel estimation(CE)problem in multi-user hybrid-field communication systems enhanced by an active intelligent reflecting surface(IRS)is investigated.To effectively characterize the spatially non-stationary characteristics of large-scale active IRS under hybrid-field propagation,the uniform linear array of the active IRS is partitioned into multiple sub-blocks.Each user is assumed to be in the far-field region of each sub-block while remaining in the near-field region of the entire IRS,which enables dimensionality reduction in channel modeling and alleviates computational complexity.Moreover,under the total power constraint between the users and the active IRS,a closed-form solution for the optimal power allocation factor is rigorously derived.Furthermore,a novel multi-user pilot transmission strategy is designed,based on which efficient least squares(LS)estimators are developed for both the direct and cascaded links.To further enhance estimation performance,a deep learning based CE framework is proposed by integrating residual blocks into a U-Net architecture.The proposed network leverages the encoder–decoder pathway and skip connections for hierarchical feature extraction,while the residual modules strengthen representational capability and facilitate gradient propagation.Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed deep learning based estimator significantly outperforms conventional LS and minimum mean square error(MMSE)methods in terms of estimation accuracy,while reducing pilot overhead by seven-eighths.
基金Supported by STI 2030 Major Projects of China(2021ZD0200400).
摘要Background The redirected walking(RDW)method for multi-user collaboration requires maintaining the relative position between users in a virtual environment(VE)and physical environment(PE).A chasing game in a VE is a typical virtual reality game that entails multi-user collaboration.When a user approaches and interacts with a target user in the VE,the user is expected to approach and interact with the target user in the corresponding PE as well.Existing methods of multi-user RDW mainly focus on obstacle avoidance,which does not account for the relative positional relationship between the users in both VE and PE.Methods To enhance the user experience and facilitate potential interaction,this paper presents a novel dynamic alignment algorithm for multi-user collaborative redirected walking(DA-RDW)in a shared PE where the target user and other users are moving.This algorithm adopts improved artificial potential fields,where the repulsive force is a function of the relative position and velocity of the user with respect to dynamic obstacles.For the best alignment,this algorithm sets the alignment-guidance force in several cases and then converts it into a constrained optimization problem to obtain the optimal direction.Moreover,this algorithm introduces a potential interaction object selection strategy for a dynamically uncertain environment to speed up the subsequent alignment.To balance obstacle avoidance and alignment,this algorithm uses the dynamic weightings of the virtual and physical distances between users and the target to determine the resultant force vector.Results The efficacy of the proposed method was evaluated using a series of simulations and live-user experiments.The experimental results demonstrate that our novel dynamic alignment method for multi-user collaborative redirected walking can reduce the distance error in both VE and PE to improve alignment with fewer collisions.
基金supported in part by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 62441115 and 62201427in part by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People’s Republic of China under Grant CBG01N23-01-04.
摘要Orbital angular momentum(OAM)can achieve multifold increase of spectrum efficiency,but the hollow divergence characteristic and Line-of-Sight(LoS)path requirement impose the crucial challenges for vortex wave communications.For air-to-ground vortex wave communications,where there exists the LoS path,this paper proposes a multi-user cooperative receive(MUCR)scheme to break through the communication distance limitation caused by the characteristic of vortex wave hollow divergence.In particular,we derive the optimal radial position corresponding to the maximum intensity,which is used to adjust the waist radius.Based on the waist radius and energy ring,the cooperative ground users having the minimum angular square difference are selected.Also,the signal compensation scheme is proposed to decompose OAM signals in air-to-ground vortex wave communications.Simulation results are presented to verify the superiority of our proposed MUCR scheme.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 61402058,61572086 and 61370203the Fund for Middle and Young Academic Leaders of Chengdu University of Information Technology under Grant No J201511+2 种基金the Science and Technology Support Project of Sichuan Province under Grant No 2013GZX0137the Fund for Young Persons Project of Sichuan Province under Grant No 12ZB017the Foundation of Cyberspace Security Key Laboratory of Sichuan Higher Education Institutions under Grant No szjj2014-074
摘要In a recent work [Quantum Inf. Process 12 (2013) 1077], a multi-user protocol of quantum private comparison of equality (QPCE) is presented. Here we point out that if we relax the constraint of a semi-honest third party, the private information of the users will be totally leaked out to the third party. A special attack is demonstrated in detail. Furthermore, a possible improvement is proposed, which makes the protocol secure against this kind of attack.
基金The financial support is gratefully acknowledged by the National Science Foundation of China under Grant numbers 61471090the Open Research Fund of National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory,Southeast University(No.2015D09)+1 种基金the Foundation Project of Science and Technology on Electronic Information Control Laboratory under Grant JS17041403811(201606071370-004001)the Foundation Project of National Key Lab.of Sci.and Tech.on Comm.under Grant 6142102010702
摘要Spatial modulation(SM) is a class of novel multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO) techniques toward future wireless communications,which activates only one transmit antenna in each time slot,so as to reduce the number of RF chains for saving the implement cost.Meanwhile,considering its application in 5G systems with multiple users,the detection of multi-user spatial modulation has drawn greater attention.In this paper,a pair of efficient detectors are proposed for multi-user spatial modulation.Specially,a threshold-aided approximate message passing(T-AMP) detector is proposed with the purpose of reducing the computational complexity of traditional structured approximate message passing(Str-AMP) detector.In addition,a novel probability sorting aided approximate message passing detector,called probability-ranking-aided AMP detector(P-AMP),is also proposed with the purpose of improving the performance.Simulation results show that the proposed T-AMP detector is able to achieve similar performance as traditional StrAMP with lower complexity,while the proposed P-AMP detector exhibits a better symbol error rate(SER) performance with similar complexity.
基金The National High Technology Research and Deve-lopment Program of China (863Program) (Nos.2001AA123042,2003AA123330,2005AA123320).
摘要The bit error rate (BER) performance of multi-user direct spreading bi-phase shift keying (DSBPSK) direct impulse ultra wideband (UWB) systems is analyzed and simulated based on a statistical indoor multi-path fading channel model. The BER of the system is theoretically derived and given in closed form, which is expressed in terms of channel parameters and system parameters such as pulse width parameter, pulse repeat period, user number and pulse waveform. With this BER expression, the effect of these parameters on the system performance can be evaluated in a uniform way. Simulation results well match the theory numerical results, and prove that the multi-access interference (MAI) of DS-BPSK UWB is a normal distribution.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.60832009)Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation(No.4102044)National Major Science & Technology Project(No.2009ZX03003-003-01)
摘要The subcarrier allocation problem in cognitive radio(CR)networks with multi-user orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing(OFDM)and distributed antenna is analyzed and modeled for the flat fading channel and the frequency selective channel,where the constraint on the secondary user(SU)to protect the primary user(PU)is that the total throughput of each PU must be above the given threshold instead of the "interference temperature".According to the features of different types of channels,the optimal subcarrier allocation schemes are proposed to pursue efficiency(or maximal throughput),using the branch and bound algorithm and the 0-1 implicit enumeration algorithm.Furthermore,considering the tradeoff between efficiency and fairness,the optimal subcarrier allocation schemes with fairness are proposed in different fading channels,using the pegging algorithm.Extensive simulation results illustrate the significant performance improvement of the proposed subcarrier allocation schemes compared with the existing ones in different scenarios.
摘要The numbers of multimedia applications and their users increase with each passing day.Different multi-carrier systems have been developed along with varying techniques of space-time coding to address the demand of the future generation of network systems.In this article,a fuzzy logic empowered adaptive backpropagation neural network(FLeABPNN)algorithm is proposed for joint channel and multi-user detection(CMD).FLeABPNN has two stages.The first stage estimates the channel parameters,and the second performsmulti-user detection.The proposed approach capitalizes on a neuro-fuzzy hybrid systemthat combines the competencies of both fuzzy logic and neural networks.This study analyzes the results of using FLeABPNN based on a multiple-input andmultiple-output(MIMO)receiver with conventional partial oppositemutant particle swarmoptimization(POMPSO),total-OMPSO(TOMPSO),fuzzy logic empowered POMPSO(FL-POMPSO),and FL-TOMPSO-based MIMO receivers.The FLeABPNN-based receiver renders better results than other techniques in terms of minimum mean square error,minimum mean channel error,and bit error rate.
基金This work was supported in part by the National Key Research and Development Program 2018YFA0701602the National Science Foundation of China(NSFC)for Distinguished Young Scholars with Grant 61625106,and the NSFC under Grant 61941104.
摘要Recently,Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces(RISs)have drawn intensive attention in the realization of the smart radio environment.However,existing works mainly consider the RIS as a whole uniform plane,which may be unrealistic to be installed on the facade of buildings when the RIS is extremely large.In contrast,this paper investigates a practical Sparse Array of Sub-surface(SAoS)deployment of the RIS for uplink multi-user millimeter Wave(mmWave)communication systems,in which the Mobile Stations(MSs)are distributed in the blind coverage area due to the blockage.In order to exploit the benefits of the sparse deployment,the correlation of the effective channel is firstly investigated.Then the approximation and lower bounds of the ergodic spectral efficiency are derived under frequency and spatial multiplexing scenarios,respectively.Based on the autocorrelation of the effective channel,we obtain an optimal reflect coefficient design as well as the deployment guidelines of RIS tiles.Moreover,the RIS tile scheduling algorithms are also proposed.Numerical results show that the ergodic spectral efficiency approximation matches well with the Monte Carlo result under frequency multiplexing scenarios,and the lower bound is tight under spatial multiplexing scenarios only when the effective channel is strongly correlated.On the basis of the RIS tile scheduling algorithm and the reflect coefficient design,the system performance can be significantly improved under frequency multiplexing scenarios.On the other hand,by deploying more sparse RIS tiles,we can increase the multiplexing gain under spatial multiplexing scenarios.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China-Guangdong,Guangdong-Hong Kong Key Projects of Science and Technology,China,University-Industry Key Project of Department of Education of Guangdong Province,China,National Natural Science Foundation of China
摘要In order to reduce the feedback load of multi-user orthogonal frequency division multiplexing ( OFDM ) -based wireless systems, a practiral limited bits feedback precoding algorithm is proposed with direct source-destination link based on amplify-and- forward cooperative relay network under frequency selective fading channels. Using joint minimum mean square error(MMSE) filter, the receiving decoding matrix is designed for each user in the paper. Source precoding (beamforming) matrix is optimized with convex function of weight mean square error (MSE). Relay precoding matrix is obtained under MSE decomposition and convex optimization. The precoding matrix index is fed back for clustered subcarrier of OFDM with limited feedback. Then using interpolation algorithm, all precoding matrices are achieved at base station (BS) and relay nodes. Simulations indicate the effectiveness of the proposed limited feedback joint precoding and beam_formlng design. The proposed method can improve bit error rate (BER) performance and obtain better sum-rate performance in contrast to existing algorithms. It displays the BER performance is close to that of the unquantified precoding feedback method.
基金Sponsored by the National"863"Program Projects (2007AA012293)
摘要An improved wavelet packet domain least mean square (IWPD-LMS) based adaptive muhiuser detection algorithm is proposed. The algorithm employs the wavelet packet transform to rewhiten the input data, and chooses the best wavelet packet basis according to a novel convergence contribution function rather than the conventional Shannon entropy. The theoretic analyses show that the inadequacy of the eigenvalue spread of the tap-input correlation matrix is ameliorated, thus the convergence performance is improved greatly. The simulation result of convergence performance and bit error rate(BER) performance as a function of the signal power to noise power ratio(SNR) are presented finally to prove the validity of the proposed algorithm.
基金financially supported by Key Technologies R&D Program of Shandong Province(2015GSF115018)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2013FL027+1 种基金ZR2013DM 014)Youth Foundation of Shandong Academy of Science(2013QN030)
摘要RLS and LMS blind adaptive multi-user detection algorithm and multi-user detector was proposed to solve the problem of multi-user signal detection problem encountered in underwater acoustic communication networks.In simulation analysis,RLS and the LMS blind adaptive multi-user detector were designed and tested for synchronous and asynchronous multi-user communication process.The results of SIR comparison and MMSE comparison show that,both of the two methods can realize blind adaptive detection when any user change in multi-user communication,during this process,the training communication sequences are not needed.The RLS algorithm has about 5 dB higher in SIR compared with LMS algorithm,and the convergence velocity of RLS algorithm is also higher than LMS algorithm when the communication users change.RLS algorithm has better ability in multi-user detection than that of LMS algorithm,and it has great attraction and guiding significance for solving the problem of multiple access interference(MAI) in multi-user communication.
基金the National High Technology Research and Development Programme of China(No2003AA12331006)the National Natural Science Foundation Of China(No60502010)
摘要A novel non-coherent detection scheme for differential frequency hopping(DFH)system is proposedin asynchronous multi-user environments over Rayleigh-fading channels.The synchronous and asyn-chronous multi-user performances of DFH with the conventional detection scheme and this novel detectionscheme are analyzed,respectively.The performance results are validated with simulation.The results ofanalyses and simulations prove two conclusions.Firstly,the performance of asynchronous multi-user DFHsystem overcomes that of synchronous multi-user DFH system over Rayleigh-fading channel.Secondly,the novel detection scheme can achieve better performance than the conventional non-coherent detectionscheme in asynchronous multi-user environments.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of Chin(No. 60302020).
摘要A convolutional weighting (CW) scheme applied to a half-wavelength spacing array was proposed for multi-user system to joint STBC (space time block ceding) and beam forming (BF). The transmitting beam is equivalent to the product of two sub-beams. One is used to realize interference suppression, while the other is employed to form a couple of uncorrelated channels from base station (BS) to the desited user (to meet the requirement of STBC) and to maximize SINR (signal-to-interference-plus noise ratio) at the desired receiver. As an optimum combination of STBC and beam forming, the proposed scheme can achieve both full diversity order of STBC and array gain of BF. Meanwhile, it can also effec- tively restrain multi-user interference by nulling. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can significantly improve the BER (Bit Error Rate) performance and enhance system capacity as compared with the conventional eigen-beamforming (EBF) technique applied to a half-wavelength spacing array.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62001001)。
摘要In the uplink grant-free non-orthogonal multiple access(NOMA)scenario,since the active user at the sender has a structured sparsity transmission characteristic,the compressive sensing recovery algorithm is initially applied to the joint detection of the active user and the transmitted data.However,the existing compressed sensing recovery algorithms with unknown sparsity often require noise power or signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)as the priori conditions,which greatly reduces the algorithm adaptability in multi-user detection.Therefore,an algorithm based on cross validation aided structured sparsity adaptive orthogonal matching pursuit(CVA-SSAOMP)is proposed to realize multi-user detection in dynamic change communication scenario of channel state information(CSI).The proposed algorithm transforms the structured sparsity model into a block sparse model,and without the priori conditions above,the cross validation method in the field of statistics and machine learning is used to adaptively estimate the sparsity of active user through the residual update of cross validation.The simulation results show that,compared with the traditional orthogonal matching pursuit(OMP)algorithm,subspace pursuit(SP)algorithm and cross validation aided block sparsity adaptive subspace pursuit(CVA-BSASP)algorithm,the proposed algorithm can effectively improve the accurate estimation of the sparsity of active user and the performance of system bit error ratio(BER),and has the advantage of low-complexity.
基金Major Project of the National Natural Science Founda-tion of China(No.60496311)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(863Program)(No.2007AA01Z207)the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University
摘要The joint channel and power allocation in the downlink transmission of multi-user multi-carrier code division multiple access(MC-CDMA) systems are investigated and the throughput maximization problem is considered as a mixed integer optimization problem. For simplicity of analysis, the problem is divided into two less complex sub-problems: power allocation and channel allocation, which can be solved by a suboptimal adaptive power allocation (APA)algorithm and an optimal adaptive channel allocation (ACA) algorithm, respectively. By combining APA and ACA algorithms, an adaptive channel and power allocation scheme is proposed. The numerical results show that the proposed APA algorithm is more suitable for MC-CDMA systems than the conventional equal power allocation algorithm, and that the proposed channel and power allocation scheme can significantly improve the system throughout performance.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(60496314)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(2006AA01Z266).
摘要A study on the zero-forcing beamforming(ZFBF)scheme with antenna selection at user terminals in downlink multi-antenna multi-user systems is presented.Simulation results show that the proposed ZFBF scheme with receiver antenna selection(ZFBF-AS)achieves considerable throughput improvement over the ZFBF scheme with single receiver antenna.The results also show that,with multi-user diversity,the ZFBF-AS scheme approaches the throughput performance of the ZFBF scheme using all receiver antennas(ZFBF-WO-AS)when the base station adopts semi-orthogonal user selection(SUS)algorithm,and achieves larger throughput when the base station adopts the Round-robin scheduling algorithm.Compared with ZFBF-WO-AS,the proposed ZFBF-AS scheme can reduce the cost of user equipments and the channel state information requirement at the transmitter(CSIT)as well as the multiuser scheduling complexity at the transmitter.
摘要To improve the computational speed, the ROLS-AWS algorithm was employed in the RBF based MUD receiver. The radial basis function was introduced into the multi-user detection (MUD) firstly. Then a three-layer neural network demodulation spread-spectrum signal model in the synchronous Gauss channel was given and the multi-user detection receiver was analyzed intensively. Simulations by computer illustrate that the proposed RBF based MUD receiver employing the ROKS-AWS algorithm is better than conventional detectors and common BP neural network based MUD receivers on suppressing multiple access interference and near-far resistance.
基金This work has been performed in the Project“Key technologies for 5G transmission and networking for industry applications”supported by Department of Science and Technology of Guangdong Province(2018B010114001).
摘要Non-orthogonal multiple access(NOMA)is proved to be useful to satisfy the requirements of beyond 5th generation such as massive multi-user connection.Here we compare the performances of two NOMA schemes:low code rate spreading(LCRS)scheme and interleaver division multiple access(IDMA)scheme.It is found that LCRS is superior to IDMA when number of users is small due to coding gain achieved.While IDMA is preferred when number of users is high because repetition applied in IDMA can suppress multi-user interference effectively.And interleaver is important in IDMA for randomizing the interference.Also,this paper evaluates the impact of channel decoder.It is observed that Log-MAP decoder has much better performance than that of Max-Log-MAP when number of users is large.Thus,it is recommended to use Log-MAP decoder in NOMA in high user overloading case.We also compared the performance of NOMA by using different type of channel codes.We find that NOMA using specific convolutional code has a better performance than that of using specific LDPC code when number of users is high.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62071354)the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi(No.2022ZDLGY05-08)supported by the ISN State Key Laboratory。
摘要To meet the communication services with diverse requirements,dynamic resource allocation has shown increasing importance.In this paper,we consider the multi-slot and multi-user resource allocation(MSMU-RA)in a downlink cellular scenario with the aim of maximizing system spectral efficiency while guaranteeing user fairness.We first model the MSMURA problem as a dual-sequence decision-making process,and then solve it by a novel Transformerbased deep reinforcement learning(TDRL)approach.Specifically,the proposed TDRL approach can be achieved based on two aspects:1)To adapt to the dynamic wireless environment,the proximal policy optimization(PPO)algorithm is used to optimize the multi-slot RA strategy.2)To avoid co-channel interference,the Transformer-based PPO algorithm is presented to obtain the optimal multi-user RA scheme by exploring the mapping between user sequence and resource sequence.Experimental results show that:i)the proposed approach outperforms both the traditional and DRL methods in spectral efficiency and user fairness,ii)the proposed algorithm is superior to DRL approaches in terms of convergence speed and generalization performance.