BACKGROUND Obesity and overweight are major public health challenges and are associated with autonomic imbalance and decreased heart rate variability(HRV),a noninvasive indicator of cardiovascular risk.Omega-3 polyuns...BACKGROUND Obesity and overweight are major public health challenges and are associated with autonomic imbalance and decreased heart rate variability(HRV),a noninvasive indicator of cardiovascular risk.Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids have shown cardioprotective effects and may modulate autonomic function.Nevertheless,the effect of omega-3 supplementation on HRV in individuals who are overweight or obese remains unclear.AIM To study the effect of omega-3 supplementation on HRV in overweight and obese individuals and to explore the heterogeneity across different study designs.METHODS In accordance with PRISMA guidelines,a systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted.PubMed,Science Citation Index,and Scopus were searched for randomized controlled trials(RCTs)assessing the impact of oral omega-3 supplementation on HRV in overweight or obese participants.Primary outcomes were the impacts of omega-3 supplementation on time-domain HRV indices[root mean square of successive differences(RMSSD),standard deviation of normal-tonormal intervals(SDNN),and percentage of successive normal-to-normal intervals differing by more than 50 milliseconds(pNN50%)],and frequency-domain indices[high-frequency(HF)power,low-frequency(LF)power,and LF/HF ratio].RESULTS Four RCTs(n=134 participants)met the inclusion criteria.Two trials compared pre-vs post-omega-3 supplementation,and two compared omega-3 with placebo on HRV in overweight and obese children and adults.In the within-subject analyses,omega-3 supplementation was associated with a significant increase in RMSSD[mean difference(MD)=-11.69 milliseconds,95%CI:-18.50 to-4.87,P=0.0008],SDNN(MD=-26.13 milliseconds,95%CI:-35.84 to-16.42,P<0.00001),and pNN50%(MD=-9.45,95%CI:-14.27 to-4.64,P=0.0001).Between-group comparisons showed that omega-3 supplementation had no significant effect on HF power,LF power,or the LF/HF ratio.CONCLUSION Omega-3 supplementation represents a promising and low-cost strategy for enhancing autonomic balance and potentially reducing cardiovascular risk in overweight and obese populations,as it improves time-domain HRV measures.展开更多
Objective:To systematically evaluate the effect of marine Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids(Omega-3 PUFA)on adiponectin and leptin levels in overweight and obese patients.Methods:The computer searched PubMed,Embase,...Objective:To systematically evaluate the effect of marine Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids(Omega-3 PUFA)on adiponectin and leptin levels in overweight and obese patients.Methods:The computer searched PubMed,Embase,Cochrane Library and CNKI electronic databases for randomized controlled experiments on the levels of marine Omega-3 PUFA and adiponectin and leptin in overweight and obese patients.The two researchers independently screened,evaluated and included the literatures and extracted the data.Meta analysis was carried out with Revman 5.3 software.Results:A total of 8 articles and 607 subjects were included.The results showed that Omega-3 PUFA from marine sources did not increase in adiponectin levels[SMD=0.32,95%CI=(-0.13,0.76)],while there was no significant did not reduce the leptin level of patients[SMD=-0.22,95%CI=(-0.53,0.09)].Conclusion:Marinederived Omega-3 PUFA can improve circulating leptin and adiponectin levels in overweight and obese patients,increase serum adiponectin levels and reduce leptin levels,but the difference is not obvious.Further research is still needed to determine the effect of Omega-3 PUFA on Adipokine in overweight and obese people.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the effect of omega-3 fatty acid parenteral supplementation postoperatively on clinical outcomes and immunomodulation in colorectal cancer patients.METHODS:Forty-two patients undergoing radical colo...AIM:To investigate the effect of omega-3 fatty acid parenteral supplementation postoperatively on clinical outcomes and immunomodulation in colorectal cancer patients.METHODS:Forty-two patients undergoing radical colorectal cancer resection with an indication for total parenteral nutrition postoperatively were enrolled in this prospective,double-blind,randomized,controlled study.Patients received total parenteral nutrition supplemented with either soybean oil(LCT;Intralipid,Fresenius-Kabi,SO group,n=21)or a combination of omega-3 fish oil and soybean oil(LCT:fish oil=5:1,fish oil;Omegaven,Fresenius-Kabi,FO group,n=21),up to a total of 1.2 g lipid/kg per day for 7 d postoperatively.A same volume calorie and nitrogen was administrated.Routine blood test,biochemistry,systemic levels of IL-6 and TNF-α,percentage of CD3+,CD4+,and CD8+lymphocytes were evaluated preoperatively and on postoperative d 1 and 8.Patient outcome was evaluated considering mortality during the hospital stay,length of postoperative hospital stay,and occurrence of infectious complications.RESULTS:Both lipid regimens were well tolerated.No differences between the two groups were noticed in demographics,baseline blood test,biochemistry,serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-α,percentage of CD4+,CD8+lymphocytes,and ratios of CD4+/CD8+.Compared with those on postoperative d 1,serum IL-6 levels onpostoperative d 8 were significantly depressed in the FO group than in the reference group(-44.43±30.53 vs-8.39±69.08,P=0.039).Simultaneously,the ratios of CD4+/CD8+were significantly increased in the FO group(0.92±0.62 vs 0.25±1.22,P=0.035).In addition,depression of serum TNF-αlevels(-0.82±2.71 vs 0.27±1.67,P=0.125)and elevation of CD3+and CD4+lymphocyte percentage(12.85±11.61 vs 3.84±19.62,P=0.081,17.80±10.86 vs 9.66±17.55,P=0.084,respectively)were higher in the FO group than in the reference group.Patients in the FO group trended to need a shorter postoperative hospital stay(17.45±4.80 d vs 19.62±5.59 d,P=0.19).No statistically significant difference was found when stratified to mortality and occurrence of infectious complications.CONCLUSION:Postoperative supplementation of omega-3 fatty acids may have a favorable effect on the outcomes in colorectal cancer patients undergoing radical resection by lowering the magnitude of inflammatory responses and modulating the immune response.展开更多
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been recognized as a major health burden. It is the most important cause of chronic liver disease and a major in- dependent cardiovascular risk factor. Lacking a definit...Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been recognized as a major health burden. It is the most important cause of chronic liver disease and a major in- dependent cardiovascular risk factor. Lacking a definite treatment for NAFLD, a specific diet and an increase in physical activity represent the most commonly used therapeutic approaches. In this review, major literature data about the use of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty ac- ids (n-3 PUFAs) as a potential treatment of NAFLD have been described, n-3 PUFAs, besides having a beneficial impact on most of the cardio-metabolic risk factors (hy- pertension, hyperlipidemia, endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis) by regulating gene transcription factors [i.e., peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) cz, PPARy, sterol regulatory element-binding protein-i, carbohydrate responsive element-binding protein], im- pacts both lipid metabolism and on insulin sensitivity. In addition to an enhancement of hepatic beta oxidation and a decrease of the endogenous lipid production, n-3 PUFAs are able to determine a significant reduction of the expression of pro-inflammatory molecules (tumor necrosis factor-~ and interleukin-6) and of oxygen reac- tive species. Further strengthening the results of the in vitro studies, both animal models and human interven- tion trials, showed a beneficial effect of n-3 PUFAs on the severity of NAFLD as expressed by laboratory pa- rameters and imaging measurements. Despite available results provided encouraging data about the efficacy of n-3 PUFAs as a treatment of NAFLD in humans, well- designed randomized controlled trials of adequate size and duration, with histological endpoints, are needed to assess the long-term safety and efficacy of PUFA, as well as other therapies, for the treatment of NAFLD and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis patients. It is worthwhile to consider that n-3 PUFAs cannot be synthesized by the human body and must be derived from exogenous sources (fish oil, flaxseeds, olive oil) which are typical foods of the Mediterranean diet, known for its beneficial effects in preventing obesity, diabetes and, in turn, cardiovascular events. According to these data, it is important to consider that most of the beneficial effects of n-3 PUFAs can also be obtained by an equilibrate nutrition program.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the role of dietary supplementation of omega-3 fatty acids in dry eye syndrome.METHODS:A prospective,interventional,placebo controlled,double blind randomized trial was done at two referral eye centers...AIM:To evaluate the role of dietary supplementation of omega-3 fatty acids in dry eye syndrome.METHODS:A prospective,interventional,placebo controlled,double blind randomized trial was done at two referral eye centers.Two hundred and sixty-four eyes of patients with dry eye were randomized to receive one capsule(500mg)two times a day containing 325mg EPA and 175mg DHA for 3 months(omega-3 group).The omega-3 group was compared to a group of patients(n=254)who received a placebo(placebo group).There were 4 patient visits(at baseline,1 month,2 months and3 months).On each visit,recording of corrected distance visual acuity(CDVA),slit lamp examination and questionnaire based symptom evaluation and scoring was done.A symptomatic score of 0-6 was mild,6.1-12moderate and 12.1-18 severe dry eye.Response to intervention was monitored by routine tear function tests like Schirmer I test,tear film break-up time(TBUT),Rose Bengal staining and most notably,conjunctival impression cytology.RESULTS:Sixty-five percent of patients in the omega-3group and 33%of patients in placebo group had significant improvement in symptoms at 3 months(P=0.005).There was a significant change in both Schirmer’s test value and TBUT values in the omega-3group(P【0.001),both comparisons.However,there was a larger drift in TBUT values in omega-3 than the placebo group,in comparison to Schirmer’s test values.The mean TBUT score was 2.54±2.34 in the omega-3group and 0.13±0.16 in placebo group,respectively.The mean reduction in symptom score in omega-3 group was 2.02±0.96 as compared to 0.48±0.22 in placebogroup(P【0.001).Despite a slight increase mean score,the Schirmer scores did not correlate well with symptomatic improvement.CONCLUSION:Omega-3 fatty acids have a definite role for dry eye syndrome.The benefit seems to be more marked in conditions such as blepharitis and meibomian gland disease.The role of omega fatty acids in tear production and secretion needs further evaluation.展开更多
The gastrointestinal tract of livestock and poultry is prone to challenge by feedborne antigens,pathogens,and other stress factors in the farm environment.Excessive physiological inflammation and oxidative stress that...The gastrointestinal tract of livestock and poultry is prone to challenge by feedborne antigens,pathogens,and other stress factors in the farm environment.Excessive physiological inflammation and oxidative stress that arises firstly disrupts the intestinal epithelial barrier followed by other components of the gastrointestinal tract.In the present review,the interrelationship between intestinal barrier inflammation and oxidative stress that contributes to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease was described.Further,the role of naturally existing immunomodulatory nutrients such as the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids,citrus pectin,and milk-derived exosomes in preventing intestinal barrier inflammation was discussed.Based on the existing evidence,the possible molecular mechanism of these bioactive nutrients in the intestinal barrier was outlined for application in animal diets.展开更多
摘要BACKGROUND Obesity and overweight are major public health challenges and are associated with autonomic imbalance and decreased heart rate variability(HRV),a noninvasive indicator of cardiovascular risk.Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids have shown cardioprotective effects and may modulate autonomic function.Nevertheless,the effect of omega-3 supplementation on HRV in individuals who are overweight or obese remains unclear.AIM To study the effect of omega-3 supplementation on HRV in overweight and obese individuals and to explore the heterogeneity across different study designs.METHODS In accordance with PRISMA guidelines,a systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted.PubMed,Science Citation Index,and Scopus were searched for randomized controlled trials(RCTs)assessing the impact of oral omega-3 supplementation on HRV in overweight or obese participants.Primary outcomes were the impacts of omega-3 supplementation on time-domain HRV indices[root mean square of successive differences(RMSSD),standard deviation of normal-tonormal intervals(SDNN),and percentage of successive normal-to-normal intervals differing by more than 50 milliseconds(pNN50%)],and frequency-domain indices[high-frequency(HF)power,low-frequency(LF)power,and LF/HF ratio].RESULTS Four RCTs(n=134 participants)met the inclusion criteria.Two trials compared pre-vs post-omega-3 supplementation,and two compared omega-3 with placebo on HRV in overweight and obese children and adults.In the within-subject analyses,omega-3 supplementation was associated with a significant increase in RMSSD[mean difference(MD)=-11.69 milliseconds,95%CI:-18.50 to-4.87,P=0.0008],SDNN(MD=-26.13 milliseconds,95%CI:-35.84 to-16.42,P<0.00001),and pNN50%(MD=-9.45,95%CI:-14.27 to-4.64,P=0.0001).Between-group comparisons showed that omega-3 supplementation had no significant effect on HF power,LF power,or the LF/HF ratio.CONCLUSION Omega-3 supplementation represents a promising and low-cost strategy for enhancing autonomic balance and potentially reducing cardiovascular risk in overweight and obese populations,as it improves time-domain HRV measures.
摘要目的建立近红外光谱法(near-infrared spectrometry,NIRS)快速检测鸡蛋中Omega-3多不饱和脂肪酸含量。方法共采集115份市售鸡蛋,将其蛋黄冻干处理后制成蛋黄粉,采用气相色谱法测得α-亚麻酸(α-linolenic acid,ALA)、二十碳五烯酸(eicosapentaenoic acid,EPA)和二十二碳六烯酸(docosahexaenoic acid,DHA)的含量,并用近红外光谱仪进行光谱扫描。基于偏最小二乘法(partial least-square method,PLS)用20种方法对光谱图进行预处理,建立ALA、EPA和DHA的近红外定量检测模型,以校正集决定系数(coefficient of determination of calibration set,rc)、验证集决定系数(coefficient of determination of prediction set,rp)和相对分析误差(relative percent deviation,RPD)作为模型的评价指标。结果ALA、EPA和DHA最优的光谱预处理方法分别为多元散射校正(multiple scatter correction,MSC)+二阶求导(second derivative,2nd)+Savitzky-Golay平滑、2nd和标准正态变化(standard normal variate,SNV)+2nd+Norris Derivative平滑,模型的rc值分别为0.9906、0.9311和0.9058,rp值分别为0.9894、0.6978和0.9098。结论该研究成功建立可用于鸡蛋中ALA、EPA和DHA含量快速测定的近红外模型,为鸡蛋中脂肪酸得快速检测提供了一种有效工具。
基金National natural science foundation of China(No.81673970,81874449)。
摘要Objective:To systematically evaluate the effect of marine Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids(Omega-3 PUFA)on adiponectin and leptin levels in overweight and obese patients.Methods:The computer searched PubMed,Embase,Cochrane Library and CNKI electronic databases for randomized controlled experiments on the levels of marine Omega-3 PUFA and adiponectin and leptin in overweight and obese patients.The two researchers independently screened,evaluated and included the literatures and extracted the data.Meta analysis was carried out with Revman 5.3 software.Results:A total of 8 articles and 607 subjects were included.The results showed that Omega-3 PUFA from marine sources did not increase in adiponectin levels[SMD=0.32,95%CI=(-0.13,0.76)],while there was no significant did not reduce the leptin level of patients[SMD=-0.22,95%CI=(-0.53,0.09)].Conclusion:Marinederived Omega-3 PUFA can improve circulating leptin and adiponectin levels in overweight and obese patients,increase serum adiponectin levels and reduce leptin levels,but the difference is not obvious.Further research is still needed to determine the effect of Omega-3 PUFA on Adipokine in overweight and obese people.
摘要AIM:To investigate the effect of omega-3 fatty acid parenteral supplementation postoperatively on clinical outcomes and immunomodulation in colorectal cancer patients.METHODS:Forty-two patients undergoing radical colorectal cancer resection with an indication for total parenteral nutrition postoperatively were enrolled in this prospective,double-blind,randomized,controlled study.Patients received total parenteral nutrition supplemented with either soybean oil(LCT;Intralipid,Fresenius-Kabi,SO group,n=21)or a combination of omega-3 fish oil and soybean oil(LCT:fish oil=5:1,fish oil;Omegaven,Fresenius-Kabi,FO group,n=21),up to a total of 1.2 g lipid/kg per day for 7 d postoperatively.A same volume calorie and nitrogen was administrated.Routine blood test,biochemistry,systemic levels of IL-6 and TNF-α,percentage of CD3+,CD4+,and CD8+lymphocytes were evaluated preoperatively and on postoperative d 1 and 8.Patient outcome was evaluated considering mortality during the hospital stay,length of postoperative hospital stay,and occurrence of infectious complications.RESULTS:Both lipid regimens were well tolerated.No differences between the two groups were noticed in demographics,baseline blood test,biochemistry,serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-α,percentage of CD4+,CD8+lymphocytes,and ratios of CD4+/CD8+.Compared with those on postoperative d 1,serum IL-6 levels onpostoperative d 8 were significantly depressed in the FO group than in the reference group(-44.43±30.53 vs-8.39±69.08,P=0.039).Simultaneously,the ratios of CD4+/CD8+were significantly increased in the FO group(0.92±0.62 vs 0.25±1.22,P=0.035).In addition,depression of serum TNF-αlevels(-0.82±2.71 vs 0.27±1.67,P=0.125)and elevation of CD3+and CD4+lymphocyte percentage(12.85±11.61 vs 3.84±19.62,P=0.081,17.80±10.86 vs 9.66±17.55,P=0.084,respectively)were higher in the FO group than in the reference group.Patients in the FO group trended to need a shorter postoperative hospital stay(17.45±4.80 d vs 19.62±5.59 d,P=0.19).No statistically significant difference was found when stratified to mortality and occurrence of infectious complications.CONCLUSION:Postoperative supplementation of omega-3 fatty acids may have a favorable effect on the outcomes in colorectal cancer patients undergoing radical resection by lowering the magnitude of inflammatory responses and modulating the immune response.
摘要Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been recognized as a major health burden. It is the most important cause of chronic liver disease and a major in- dependent cardiovascular risk factor. Lacking a definite treatment for NAFLD, a specific diet and an increase in physical activity represent the most commonly used therapeutic approaches. In this review, major literature data about the use of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty ac- ids (n-3 PUFAs) as a potential treatment of NAFLD have been described, n-3 PUFAs, besides having a beneficial impact on most of the cardio-metabolic risk factors (hy- pertension, hyperlipidemia, endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis) by regulating gene transcription factors [i.e., peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) cz, PPARy, sterol regulatory element-binding protein-i, carbohydrate responsive element-binding protein], im- pacts both lipid metabolism and on insulin sensitivity. In addition to an enhancement of hepatic beta oxidation and a decrease of the endogenous lipid production, n-3 PUFAs are able to determine a significant reduction of the expression of pro-inflammatory molecules (tumor necrosis factor-~ and interleukin-6) and of oxygen reac- tive species. Further strengthening the results of the in vitro studies, both animal models and human interven- tion trials, showed a beneficial effect of n-3 PUFAs on the severity of NAFLD as expressed by laboratory pa- rameters and imaging measurements. Despite available results provided encouraging data about the efficacy of n-3 PUFAs as a treatment of NAFLD in humans, well- designed randomized controlled trials of adequate size and duration, with histological endpoints, are needed to assess the long-term safety and efficacy of PUFA, as well as other therapies, for the treatment of NAFLD and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis patients. It is worthwhile to consider that n-3 PUFAs cannot be synthesized by the human body and must be derived from exogenous sources (fish oil, flaxseeds, olive oil) which are typical foods of the Mediterranean diet, known for its beneficial effects in preventing obesity, diabetes and, in turn, cardiovascular events. According to these data, it is important to consider that most of the beneficial effects of n-3 PUFAs can also be obtained by an equilibrate nutrition program.
摘要AIM:To evaluate the role of dietary supplementation of omega-3 fatty acids in dry eye syndrome.METHODS:A prospective,interventional,placebo controlled,double blind randomized trial was done at two referral eye centers.Two hundred and sixty-four eyes of patients with dry eye were randomized to receive one capsule(500mg)two times a day containing 325mg EPA and 175mg DHA for 3 months(omega-3 group).The omega-3 group was compared to a group of patients(n=254)who received a placebo(placebo group).There were 4 patient visits(at baseline,1 month,2 months and3 months).On each visit,recording of corrected distance visual acuity(CDVA),slit lamp examination and questionnaire based symptom evaluation and scoring was done.A symptomatic score of 0-6 was mild,6.1-12moderate and 12.1-18 severe dry eye.Response to intervention was monitored by routine tear function tests like Schirmer I test,tear film break-up time(TBUT),Rose Bengal staining and most notably,conjunctival impression cytology.RESULTS:Sixty-five percent of patients in the omega-3group and 33%of patients in placebo group had significant improvement in symptoms at 3 months(P=0.005).There was a significant change in both Schirmer’s test value and TBUT values in the omega-3group(P【0.001),both comparisons.However,there was a larger drift in TBUT values in omega-3 than the placebo group,in comparison to Schirmer’s test values.The mean TBUT score was 2.54±2.34 in the omega-3group and 0.13±0.16 in placebo group,respectively.The mean reduction in symptom score in omega-3 group was 2.02±0.96 as compared to 0.48±0.22 in placebogroup(P【0.001).Despite a slight increase mean score,the Schirmer scores did not correlate well with symptomatic improvement.CONCLUSION:Omega-3 fatty acids have a definite role for dry eye syndrome.The benefit seems to be more marked in conditions such as blepharitis and meibomian gland disease.The role of omega fatty acids in tear production and secretion needs further evaluation.
基金a European Joint Doctorate Degree programme in Molecular Animal Nutrition(MANNA)between University of Milan(Italy)and University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice(Slovakia)funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 programme under the Marie Slodowska-Curie Grant agreement No 765423.
摘要The gastrointestinal tract of livestock and poultry is prone to challenge by feedborne antigens,pathogens,and other stress factors in the farm environment.Excessive physiological inflammation and oxidative stress that arises firstly disrupts the intestinal epithelial barrier followed by other components of the gastrointestinal tract.In the present review,the interrelationship between intestinal barrier inflammation and oxidative stress that contributes to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease was described.Further,the role of naturally existing immunomodulatory nutrients such as the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids,citrus pectin,and milk-derived exosomes in preventing intestinal barrier inflammation was discussed.Based on the existing evidence,the possible molecular mechanism of these bioactive nutrients in the intestinal barrier was outlined for application in animal diets.