Objectives:To investigate the clinical and therapeutic effects of acupuncture at the pain-sensitive points of patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain and optimize the acupuncture treatment for chronic nonspeci...Objectives:To investigate the clinical and therapeutic effects of acupuncture at the pain-sensitive points of patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain and optimize the acupuncture treatment for chronic nonspecific low back pain.Methods:Using the FDK 20 pressure algometer,the pain-sensitive points were probed in 30 patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain.The top 5 points that elicited the most painful reaction were selected and stimulated with an even-needling technique after deqi.The needles were retained for 30 min.TDP irradiation was concurrently administered.The treatment was administered once daily on weekdays(Monday to Friday) and discontinued for 2 days during the weekend(Saturday and Sunday).The treatment lasted for 2 consecutive weeks.The changes in the range of motion(ROM) of the lumbar vertebrae,visual analogous scale(VAS) score,and the Oswestry disability index(ODI) score of the lumbar vertebrae were assessed before treatment and after 5 and 10 treatment sessions.Results:Compared with the data before treatment,the spinal ROM increased after 5 and 10 treatment sessions in the patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain.The ROM after 10 treatment sessions was remarkably wider than that after 5 treatments,with statistical significance(all P<0.05).Compared with that before treatment,the immediate VAS score showed statistically significant reduction after 5 treatment sessions(P<0.05).Moreover,compared with the score after 5 treatment sessions,the immediate VAS score reduced after 10 treatment sessions,but without any statistical significance.After 5 and 10 treatment sessions,the ODI score was reduced in the patients and it was significantly different from that before treatment(both P<0.05).Conclusion:Acupuncture at the pain-sensitive points alleviates pain and improves lumbar vertebral function in patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain.Thus,further research is needed to confirm whether acupuncture can be a better intervention for chronic nonspecific low back pain.展开更多
The correlation between the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity(SMOS)L-band brightness temperature and thin sea ice thickness has been widely exploited using semi-empirical retrieval approaches based on a single-tie poin...The correlation between the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity(SMOS)L-band brightness temperature and thin sea ice thickness has been widely exploited using semi-empirical retrieval approaches based on a single-tie point(STP).However,due to pronounced spatial heterogeneity in seawater and sea ice properties across the Arctic,the use of an STP often leads to regionally biased.To address this limitation,this study proposes a multi-tie point(MTP)sea ice thickness retrieval method based on SMOS brightness temperature and sea ice concentration time series.Multiple seawater and sea ice tie-point values are identified through point-by-point time series analysis,quality control,and statistical hypothesis testing,allowing spatial variability in radiometric properties to be explicitly considered.The MTP-based retrieval is applied to Arctic freeze-up conditions.Validation against independent SMOS thin sea ice thickness products shows that the MTP approach yields significantly reduced bias and root mean square error compared with the conventional STP method,with statistically significant improvements confirmed by paired t-tests.While retrieval accuracy stabilizes beyond a certain number of tie points,the preprocessing cost associated with tie-point selection increases substantially.Considering both accuracy and efficiency,the MTP framework provides a practical and robust approach for large-scale Arctic thin sea ice thickness retrieval and enables improved characterization of regional freezing processes and maximum ice thickness.展开更多
Objective To investigate whether Tuina alleviates fibrotic symptoms in myofascial trigger points(MTrPs)by regulating transforming growth factor(TGF)-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway,thereby deactivating these points.Method...Objective To investigate whether Tuina alleviates fibrotic symptoms in myofascial trigger points(MTrPs)by regulating transforming growth factor(TGF)-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway,thereby deactivating these points.Methods This study comprised two experimental phases.In phase 1,27 specific pathogenfree(SPF)grade female Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were randomized into three groups:control 1,model 1,and Tuina 1 groups.Model 1 and Tuina 1 groups underwent an 8-week MTrPs modeling protocol involving blunt impact and eccentric exercise.After successful modeling,rats in Tuina 1 group received manual pressing on nodules or cord-like taut bands on the medial aspect of the left hindlimb.Pain sensitivity and tissue stiffness were evaluated via pressure pain threshold(PPT)and soft tissue tension(STT).Muscle histopathology and fibrosis were observed using hematoxylin and eosin(HE)and Masson staining.Inflammatory factors in muscle were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),while immunofluorescence(IF)and Western blot(WB)were used to detect the expression levels ofα-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA),collagenⅢ,and TGF-β1.In phase 2,45 SPF female SD rats were randomized into five groups:control 2,model 2,Tuina 2,TGF-β1 inhibitor(TI),and Tuina+TGF-β1 agonist(Tuina+TA)groups.All groups except control 2 underwent standardized MTrPs modeling.Rats in Tuina 2 group received consistent pressing manipulation.TI group received intraperitoneal injections of oxymatrine,while Tuina+TA group received intraperitoneal injections of SRI-011381 hydrochloride followed by the same pressing protocol as Tuina 2 group.WB was used to detect the expression of collagen I,collagen III,TGF-β1,and phosphorylated-Smad3(p-Smad3)/Smad3.Results In phase 1,Tuina significantly improved PPT and STT in MTrPs of rats(P<0.01),reversed pathological damages including disorganized muscle fiber arrangement,abnormal myocyte morphology,and exacerbated fibrosis.In addition,in MTrPs of rats in model 1 group,expression levels of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells(NF-κB),interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6,tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α,and fibrosis markers(α-SMA,collagen I,and collagen III)were upregulated,and all exhibited a significant downward trend after Tuina intervention(P<0.05 or P<0.01).This indicates that the therapeutic effects of Tuina are directly associated with reduced local inflammation and fibrosis in MTrPs.In phase 2,compared with model 2 group,rats in TI and Tuina 2 groups had decreased expression levels of TGF-β1 and p-Smad3/Smad3 in MTrPs,alongside reduced levels of inflammatory factors(IL-1β,IL-6,NF-κB,and TNF-α)and fibrosis markers(α-SMA,collagen I,and collagen III)(P<0.05 or P<0.01).When co-administered with TGF-β1 agonist,the therapeutic effects of Tuina were significantly attenuated,with rebounded TGF-β1 expression and p-Smad3/Smad3 in local MTrPs,and fibrosis and inflammatory responses were re-exacerbated(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Conclusion Tuina can effectively reduce inflammatory responses and fibrosis in MTrPs tissue,and its mechanism is closely related to the inhibition of the TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway,which plays a critical role in Tuina-mediated regulation of MTrPs fibrosis.展开更多
Owing to the chaotic and non-integrable nature of three-body dynamics,the conventional Keplerian elements are rendered inadequate for cataloging cislunar space objects.Currently,there has been a conspicuous absence of...Owing to the chaotic and non-integrable nature of three-body dynamics,the conventional Keplerian elements are rendered inadequate for cataloging cislunar space objects.Currently,there has been a conspicuous absence of universally recognized parameters for the characterization and cataloging of such objects,thereby posing an urgent challenge to cislunar space situational awareness.This paper proposes a novel approach to parameterize the orbits of Earth-Moon collinear libration points by leveraging the theoretical frameworks of canonical transformations.First,under the Hamiltonian-form dynamical equations of the libration point,symplectic transformations are employed to extract 3 modes of motion from locally linearized part.A subsequent canonical transformation then decouples the hyperbolic invariant manifold from the center manifold within the nonlinear remainder.Finally,6 characteristic parameters obtained via action-angle variables are established in a bijective correspondence with the state variables,where two parameters characterize the motion of the invariant manifold and four parameters characterize the motion of the central manifold.Furthermore,a distribution map of the Earth-Moon libration point orbits is drawn utilizing Poincare sections,which can be used to describe the distribution of libration point object.Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed parameters are not only applicable to orbit identification and object cataloging but also exhibit remarkable consistency and robustness against variations in observation arc length and observational errors.展开更多
The field of acupuncture is currently facing paradigmatic issues,including the difficulty of turning theoretical strengths into technical discourse power,a gap between mechanistic research and clinical imperatives,and...The field of acupuncture is currently facing paradigmatic issues,including the difficulty of turning theoretical strengths into technical discourse power,a gap between mechanistic research and clinical imperatives,and the fragmentation of research activities.Therefore,constructing a research paradigm grounded in traditional Chinese medicine theory and validated through contemporary scientific methods is essential.Hand Twelve Jing-Well Points(HTWP)acupuncture,an ancient therapy known for its rapid efficacy and practical application,offers an optimal solution for these challenges.In this study,the theoretical foundations,clinical effectiveness,biological explanations,and Translational applications of HTWP acupuncture were consolidated by integrating a four-step research framework.Initially,we developed the“Well point-Brain Connection”framework rooted in classical theories and informed by the“Root-Knot”concept.Subsequent clinical practice provided evidence of its effectiveness in modulating awareness and facilitating motor-cognitive rehabilitation for patients with central nervous system issues.Moreover,mechanistic research provides scientific verification of a“Sensation-Transmission-Effect”cascade that encompasses the activation of arousal circuits and the repair of the blood-brain barrier.Ultimately,the promotion of translation,standardization of systems,and the use of wearable technologies have aided the transition from passive therapy to proactive health management.This closed-loop concept offers compelling evidence for the“Well point-Brain Connection”and provides an applicable framework for scientific innovation and global distribution of innovative acupuncture hypotheses.展开更多
AIM:To construct an intelligent segmentation scheme for precise localization of central serous chorioretinopathy(CSC)leakage points,thereby enabling ophthalmologists to deliver accurate laser treatment without navigat...AIM:To construct an intelligent segmentation scheme for precise localization of central serous chorioretinopathy(CSC)leakage points,thereby enabling ophthalmologists to deliver accurate laser treatment without navigational laser equipment.METHODS:A dataset with dual labels(point-level and pixel-level)was first established based on fundus fluorescein angiography(FFA)images of CSC and subsequently divided into training(102 images),validation(40 images),and test(40 images)datasets.An intelligent segmentation method was then developed,based on the You Only Look Once version 8 Pose Estimation(YOLOv8-Pose)model and segment anything model(SAM),to segment CSC leakage points.Next,the YOLOv8-Pose model was trained for 200 epochs,and the best-performing model was selected to form the optimal combination with SAM.Additionally,the classic five types of U-Net series models[i.e.,U-Net,recurrent residual U-Net(R2U-Net),attention U-Net(AttU-Net),recurrent residual attention U-Net(R2AttUNet),and nested U-Net(UNet++)]were initialized with three random seeds and trained for 200 epochs,resulting in a total of 15 baseline models for comparison.Finally,based on the metrics including Dice similarity coefficient(DICE),intersection over union(IoU),precision,recall,precisionrecall(PR)curve,and receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve,the proposed method was compared with baseline models through quantitative and qualitative experiments for leakage point segmentation,thereby demonstrating its effectiveness.RESULTS:With the increase of training epochs,the mAP50-95,Recall,and precision of the YOLOv8-Pose model showed a significant increase and tended to stabilize,and it achieved a preliminary localization success rate of 90%(i.e.,36 images)for CSC leakage points in 40 test images.Using manually expert-annotated pixel-level labels as the ground truth,the proposed method achieved outcomes with a DICE of 57.13%,an IoU of 45.31%,a precision of 45.91%,a recall of 93.57%,an area under the PR curve(AUC-PR)of 0.78 and an area under the ROC curve(AUC-ROC)of 0.97,which enables more accurate segmentation of CSC leakage points.CONCLUSION:By combining the precise localization capability of the YOLOv8-Pose model with the robust and flexible segmentation ability of SAM,the proposed method not only demonstrates the effectiveness of the YOLOv8-Pose model in detecting keypoint coordinates of CSC leakage points from the perspective of application innovation but also establishes a novel approach for accurate segmentation of CSC leakage points through the“detect-then-segment”strategy,thereby providing a potential auxiliary means for the automatic and precise realtime localization of leakage points during traditional laser photocoagulation for CSC.展开更多
Semiconductor lasers have been widely used,but their most important characteristic,the threshold,has not been sufficiently investigated and remains highly controversial until now.Here,we illustrate this issue using an...Semiconductor lasers have been widely used,but their most important characteristic,the threshold,has not been sufficiently investigated and remains highly controversial until now.Here,we illustrate this issue using an actual GaAs laser diode(LD).We analyze its electrical behavior,optical power,and electroluminescence(EL)spectrum near the threshold region,then propose that one should distinguish between laser transition points,including population inversion,lasing threshold,and saturation,respectively.Simple methods are provided to characterize the population inversion,the lasing threshold,and the saturation point.Additionally,we discuss the physical significance of these three points.展开更多
Background:The medicinal material known as Os Draconis(Longgu)originates from fossilized remains of ancient mammals and is widely used in treating emotional and mental conditions.However,fossil resources are nonrenewa...Background:The medicinal material known as Os Draconis(Longgu)originates from fossilized remains of ancient mammals and is widely used in treating emotional and mental conditions.However,fossil resources are nonrenewable,and clinical demand is increasingly difficult to meet,leading to a proliferation of counterfeit products.During prolonged geological burial,static pressure from the surrounding strata severely compromises the microstructural integrity of osteons in Os Draconis,but Os Draconis still largely retains the structural features of mammalian bone.Methods:Using verified authentic Os Draconis samples over 10,000 years old as a baseline,this study summarizes the ultrastructural characteristics of genuine Os Draconis.Employing electron probe microanalysis and optical polarized light microscopy,we examined 28 batches of authentic Os Draconis and 31 batches of counterfeits to identify their ultrastructural differences.Key points for ultrastructural identification of Os Draconis were compiled,and a new identification approach was proposed based on these differences.Results:Authentic Os Draconis exhibited distinct ultrastructural markers:irregularly shaped osteons with traversing fissures,deformed/displaced Haversian canals,and secondary mineral infill(predominantly calcium carbonate).Counterfeits showed regular osteon arrangements,absent traversal fissures,and homogeneous hydroxyapatite composition.Lab-simulated samples lacked structural degradation features.EPMA confirmed calcium carbonate infill in fossilized Haversian canals,while elemental profiles differentiated lacunae types(void vs.mineral-packed).Conclusion:The study established ultrastructural criteria for authentic Os Draconis identification:osteon deformation,geological fissures penetrating bone units,and heterogenous mineral deposition.These features,unattainable in counterfeits or modern processed bones,provide a cost-effective,accurate identification method.This approach bridges gaps in TCM material standardization and supports quality control for clinical applications.展开更多
Exceptional points(EPs)in non-Hermitian metasurfaces have garnered considerable attention due to their unique advantages in cutting-edge applications such as ultra-sensitive sensing and unidirectional reflectionlessne...Exceptional points(EPs)in non-Hermitian metasurfaces have garnered considerable attention due to their unique advantages in cutting-edge applications such as ultra-sensitive sensing and unidirectional reflectionlessness.However,existing studies on metasurfaces employing both active and passive tuning mechanisms can only observe a single EP,which fails to meet the requirements for multi-frequency responses or multifunctional integration,thus limiting the enhancement of device performance.In this study,we design a terahertz(THz)non-Hermitian metasurface device that is actively tuned by the phase-change material VO2.By keeping the geometric dimensions of the device unchanged,we achieve the simultaneous induction and detection of multi-frequency EPs at multiple frequency points.Through the regulation of VO2conductivity,the gain-loss distribution of the system can be continuously controlled,leading to the degeneracy of eigenvalues and eigenstates across multiple discrete frequency bands,thereby forming multi-frequency EPs.Furthermore,the design of chiral structures demonstrates that,under identical conductivity conditions,the eigenstates of the original metasurface structure and its chiral counterpart can degenerate into circularly polarized states with opposite rotations,enabling the switching of polarization chirality.These results illustrate that the deep integration of phase-change materials,non-Hermitian photonics,and electromagnetic manipulation in metasurfaces provides a novel design paradigm for the dynamic regulation of multi-frequency EPs and circular polarization control,laying a foundation for the development of high-performance and multifunctional integrated photonic platforms in the THz regime.展开更多
Exceptional points(EPs)are spectral singularities in non-Hermitian systems where eigenvalues and eigenvectors simultaneously coalesce.Manipulating EPs in solid-state systems typically requires complex architectures.He...Exceptional points(EPs)are spectral singularities in non-Hermitian systems where eigenvalues and eigenvectors simultaneously coalesce.Manipulating EPs in solid-state systems typically requires complex architectures.Here,based on a hybrid system consisted of few-layer rhenium disulfide(ReS2)deposited on a distributed Bragg mirror,we demonstrate an all-optical method to dynamically control EPs by harnessing the intrinsic optical anisotropy of ReS2.By utilizing the incident polarization angle as a dynamic control parameter,we continuously modulate the exciton-photon coupling strength,driving the system from the strong coupling regime to the weak coupling regime.The EPs are manifested as simultaneous coalescence of the real(energy)and imaginary(linewidth)parts of the complex eigenvalues.This dual-degeneracy provides unambiguous experimental evidence for EP formation and the associated collapse of the Hilbert space dimensionality.Our findings establish anisotropic light-matter coupled systems as a robust paradigm for exploring non-Hermitian topology in photonics,enabling polarization-driven topological devices without intricate nanofabrication.展开更多
The goal of this paper is to investigate canard solutions in generalized Liénard equations with a generic or non-generic turning point.We first use a blow-up weight to desingularize the turning point and employ s...The goal of this paper is to investigate canard solutions in generalized Liénard equations with a generic or non-generic turning point.We first use a blow-up weight to desingularize the turning point and employ some methods from dynamical systems theory to study the dynamics near the turning point.Then the existence of canard solutions is shown and the first order approximation of the control curve is given by extended Melnikov theory.展开更多
Phase transitions are divided into first-order and continuous ones in the current classification.While the latter shows striking phenomena of scaling and universality,the former is typically characterized by discontin...Phase transitions are divided into first-order and continuous ones in the current classification.While the latter shows striking phenomena of scaling and universality,the former is typically characterized by discontinuous jumps in extensive variables and pronounced hysteresis.Recent studies have demonstrated universal scaling behavior controlled by a cubic fixed point in first-order phase transitions.However,more recent investigations of hysteresis in a dynamic mean-field quartic model driven across its first-order phase transitions have revealed new scaling exponents for different driving rates.Here,we discover a new exponent for large driving rates arising surprisingly from critical phenomena and show that,depending on the magnitude of the driving rates and the absence or presence of noise,the same mean-field model remarkably exhibits several universality classes with definite universal scaling exponents governed by their corresponding fixed points,as revealed through a systematic scaling analysis based on renormalization group theory.The theories,the various crossovers between different fixed points,and the complete universal scaling of full curve collapse,are all verified by numerical results.This further confirms universal scaling in first-order phase transitions.展开更多
For the topological dynamical system with infinite entropy and the specification property,in the context of continuous and affine deformations of empirical measures,the set of divergence points is either empty,or its ...For the topological dynamical system with infinite entropy and the specification property,in the context of continuous and affine deformations of empirical measures,the set of divergence points is either empty,or its Bowen and packing metric mean dimensions equal those of the full phase space.We also establish the variational principles of Bowen and packing metric mean dimension for the sup set.展开更多
This paper investigates the dynamical evolution of parallel hybrid dynamical systems on complete bipartite graphs,where the local functions for the two vertex sets are configured as the Boolean XOR and OR functions,re...This paper investigates the dynamical evolution of parallel hybrid dynamical systems on complete bipartite graphs,where the local functions for the two vertex sets are configured as the Boolean XOR and OR functions,respectively.Through mathematical deduction and computer simulation,the results show that when the number of OR-vertices is odd,the system exhibits both fixed points and period-2 points.Conversely,when the number of OR-vertices is even,only fixed points exist.Furthermore,the necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of these states,along with their specific counting formulas,are derived.展开更多
With the deepening of traditional Chinese medicine’s(TCM)“going global”strategy,acupuncture,a representative therapy of TCM,has been widely spread and recognized worldwide.The World Health Organization has included...With the deepening of traditional Chinese medicine’s(TCM)“going global”strategy,acupuncture,a representative therapy of TCM,has been widely spread and recognized worldwide.The World Health Organization has included it in the global blueprint for traditional medicine development,and many countries have integrated it into their national healthcare systems.展开更多
[Objectives]To investigate the effects of acupuncture at the complementary acupuncture points Neiguan and Waiguan on the expression levels of 5-HT,5-HIAA,5-HT 1A R,and 5-HT 4R within the acupoint area and hippocampal ...[Objectives]To investigate the effects of acupuncture at the complementary acupuncture points Neiguan and Waiguan on the expression levels of 5-HT,5-HIAA,5-HT 1A R,and 5-HT 4R within the acupoint area and hippocampal tissue of insomnic rats.[Methods]72 Wistar rats were randomly divided into the following groups,each comprising 12 animals:the complementary acupuncture point groups(through-acupuncture group,anti-acupuncture group),the single acupoint groups(Neiguan acupoint group,Waiguan acupoint group),the model group,and the blank group.The insomnia rat model was established through intraperitoneal injection of chlorobenzene alanine.Each acupuncture group underwent electroacupuncture treatment following the attainment of the deqi sensation,administered once daily for 20 min per session over a period of consecutive 6 d.Electroacupuncture was administered using dilatational waves,with a stimulation frequency alternating between 2 and 100 Hz,and a current intensity of 1 mA.The contents of 5-HT and 5-HIAA were detected by ELISA;5-HT 1A R levels were assessed using immunohistochemistry,and 5-HT 4R mRNA expression was evaluated through fluorescent in situ hybridization.[Results]Compared to the blank group,the expressions of 5-HT,5-HIAA,5-HT 1A R,and 5-HT 4R mRNA in both the acupoint area and hippocampal tissue of rats in the model group were significantly reduced(P<0.05).These indicators were significantly elevated in all acupuncture groups relative to the model group(P<0.05).Furthermore,the complementary acupuncture point groups(through-acupuncture and anti-acupuncture groups)demonstrated a more pronounced increase compared to the single acupoint groups(P<0.05).No statistically significant differences were observed between the through-acupuncture and anti-acupuncture groups,nor between the single Neiguan and Waiguan acupoint groups(P<0.05).[Conclusions]Acupuncture at the Neiguan and Waiguan acupoints effectively ameliorates insomnia in PCPA-treated rats.This therapeutic effect may be associated with increased expression levels of 5-HT,5-HIAA,5-HT 1A R,and 5-HT 4R mRNA in both the acupoint area and the central hippocampal tissue.展开更多
Objective:To explore the key points of perioperative nursing in Endoscopic Mucosal Resection(EMR),optimize preoperative,intraoperative and postoperative nursing measures,further improve the nursing effect,and help pat...Objective:To explore the key points of perioperative nursing in Endoscopic Mucosal Resection(EMR),optimize preoperative,intraoperative and postoperative nursing measures,further improve the nursing effect,and help patients recover as soon as possible.Methods:A total of 200 patients treated with EMR in Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine from June 2025 to December 2025 were analyzed.According to different nursing methods,the patients were divided into the control group and the observation group,with 100 cases in each group.The control group received conventional perioperative nursing,while the observation group adopted high-quality nursing mode.The postoperative complication rate,hospital stay and nursing satisfaction score were compared between the two groups.Results:The postoperative complication rate of the observation group was lower than that of the control group,the hospital discharge time was shorter than that of the control group,and patient satisfaction was higher than that of the control group.Conclusion:The high-quality nursing mode has obvious advantages in perioperative nursing of EMR.It can effectively reduce the incidence of postoperative complications,shorten the length of hospital stay,improve patients’satisfaction with nursing services,and has promotion value in clinical practice.展开更多
The construction process of engineering projects is complex,encompassing multiple critical stages such as engineering design,raw material procurement,and construction.Although the nature of work varies across these st...The construction process of engineering projects is complex,encompassing multiple critical stages such as engineering design,raw material procurement,and construction.Although the nature of work varies across these stages,they are highly interconnected.Any issues arising in one stage can impact the effectiveness of work in other stages.Under the EPC model,engineering project management can integrate the processes and resources of project construction,thereby enabling full-process control and thereby enhancing management efficiency while reducing risks.This article primarily analyzes the concept and characteristics of the EPC model and summarizes the key points of engineering project management under the EPC model at different stages,including decision-making,design,procurement,construction,and completion acceptance.Finally,it proposes optimization suggestions for engineering project management under the EPC model,providing a reference for the high-quality implementation of the EPC model in engineering management.展开更多
The construction quality of building water supply and drainage systems directly determines a structure's functionality, safety standards, and service life. This article delves into critical aspects of construction...The construction quality of building water supply and drainage systems directly determines a structure's functionality, safety standards, and service life. This article delves into critical aspects of construction quality control through comprehensive analysis. It begins by clarifying the significance and primary objectives of quality control, while summarizing widely adopted technical standards and regulatory frameworks in engineering practice. Subsequently, it examines key quality control points throughout the construction process: during preparation phases, rigorous review of drawings is essential to ensure accurate technical specifications;materials and equipment must comply with requirements and be properly prepared;pipeline installation requires precise positioning of embedded components, appropriate connection methods, optimal bracket placement, effective corrosion protection and insulation, along with systematic pressure testing and flushing to meet quality standards;sanitary fixtures demand secure component connections and tight sealing interfaces, while critical equipment like pumps require stringent installation positions and operational calibration. From a practical perspective, the article proposes actionable measures—including enhanced on-site supervision, proactive quality prevention strategies, strict adherence to acceptance procedures, and targeted staff training to ensure proficiency in all required skills. The article also conducts an in-depth analysis based on specific engineering cases, summarizing valuable practical insights and lessons learned, aiming to provide actionable recommendations for enhancing the overall quality of building water supply and drainage systems in China.展开更多
基金Supported by Special Funds of Fujian Provincial Finance Department and Education Department:x2018002Clinical Special Project of School Management of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine:xb2020150。
摘要Objectives:To investigate the clinical and therapeutic effects of acupuncture at the pain-sensitive points of patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain and optimize the acupuncture treatment for chronic nonspecific low back pain.Methods:Using the FDK 20 pressure algometer,the pain-sensitive points were probed in 30 patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain.The top 5 points that elicited the most painful reaction were selected and stimulated with an even-needling technique after deqi.The needles were retained for 30 min.TDP irradiation was concurrently administered.The treatment was administered once daily on weekdays(Monday to Friday) and discontinued for 2 days during the weekend(Saturday and Sunday).The treatment lasted for 2 consecutive weeks.The changes in the range of motion(ROM) of the lumbar vertebrae,visual analogous scale(VAS) score,and the Oswestry disability index(ODI) score of the lumbar vertebrae were assessed before treatment and after 5 and 10 treatment sessions.Results:Compared with the data before treatment,the spinal ROM increased after 5 and 10 treatment sessions in the patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain.The ROM after 10 treatment sessions was remarkably wider than that after 5 treatments,with statistical significance(all P<0.05).Compared with that before treatment,the immediate VAS score showed statistically significant reduction after 5 treatment sessions(P<0.05).Moreover,compared with the score after 5 treatment sessions,the immediate VAS score reduced after 10 treatment sessions,but without any statistical significance.After 5 and 10 treatment sessions,the ODI score was reduced in the patients and it was significantly different from that before treatment(both P<0.05).Conclusion:Acupuncture at the pain-sensitive points alleviates pain and improves lumbar vertebral function in patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain.Thus,further research is needed to confirm whether acupuncture can be a better intervention for chronic nonspecific low back pain.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant nos.2023YFC2809103,2024YFC2813505)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant nos.2042025kf0083,2042025gf0014)the Antarctic Zhongshan Ice and Space Environment National Observation and Research Station(Grant no.ZSNORS-20252702).
摘要The correlation between the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity(SMOS)L-band brightness temperature and thin sea ice thickness has been widely exploited using semi-empirical retrieval approaches based on a single-tie point(STP).However,due to pronounced spatial heterogeneity in seawater and sea ice properties across the Arctic,the use of an STP often leads to regionally biased.To address this limitation,this study proposes a multi-tie point(MTP)sea ice thickness retrieval method based on SMOS brightness temperature and sea ice concentration time series.Multiple seawater and sea ice tie-point values are identified through point-by-point time series analysis,quality control,and statistical hypothesis testing,allowing spatial variability in radiometric properties to be explicitly considered.The MTP-based retrieval is applied to Arctic freeze-up conditions.Validation against independent SMOS thin sea ice thickness products shows that the MTP approach yields significantly reduced bias and root mean square error compared with the conventional STP method,with statistically significant improvements confirmed by paired t-tests.While retrieval accuracy stabilizes beyond a certain number of tie points,the preprocessing cost associated with tie-point selection increases substantially.Considering both accuracy and efficiency,the MTP framework provides a practical and robust approach for large-scale Arctic thin sea ice thickness retrieval and enables improved characterization of regional freezing processes and maximum ice thickness.
基金Natural Science Foundation of China(82274676 and 82374613)Program of Hunan Provincial Natural Science(2023JJ30458).
摘要Objective To investigate whether Tuina alleviates fibrotic symptoms in myofascial trigger points(MTrPs)by regulating transforming growth factor(TGF)-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway,thereby deactivating these points.Methods This study comprised two experimental phases.In phase 1,27 specific pathogenfree(SPF)grade female Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were randomized into three groups:control 1,model 1,and Tuina 1 groups.Model 1 and Tuina 1 groups underwent an 8-week MTrPs modeling protocol involving blunt impact and eccentric exercise.After successful modeling,rats in Tuina 1 group received manual pressing on nodules or cord-like taut bands on the medial aspect of the left hindlimb.Pain sensitivity and tissue stiffness were evaluated via pressure pain threshold(PPT)and soft tissue tension(STT).Muscle histopathology and fibrosis were observed using hematoxylin and eosin(HE)and Masson staining.Inflammatory factors in muscle were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),while immunofluorescence(IF)and Western blot(WB)were used to detect the expression levels ofα-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA),collagenⅢ,and TGF-β1.In phase 2,45 SPF female SD rats were randomized into five groups:control 2,model 2,Tuina 2,TGF-β1 inhibitor(TI),and Tuina+TGF-β1 agonist(Tuina+TA)groups.All groups except control 2 underwent standardized MTrPs modeling.Rats in Tuina 2 group received consistent pressing manipulation.TI group received intraperitoneal injections of oxymatrine,while Tuina+TA group received intraperitoneal injections of SRI-011381 hydrochloride followed by the same pressing protocol as Tuina 2 group.WB was used to detect the expression of collagen I,collagen III,TGF-β1,and phosphorylated-Smad3(p-Smad3)/Smad3.Results In phase 1,Tuina significantly improved PPT and STT in MTrPs of rats(P<0.01),reversed pathological damages including disorganized muscle fiber arrangement,abnormal myocyte morphology,and exacerbated fibrosis.In addition,in MTrPs of rats in model 1 group,expression levels of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells(NF-κB),interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6,tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α,and fibrosis markers(α-SMA,collagen I,and collagen III)were upregulated,and all exhibited a significant downward trend after Tuina intervention(P<0.05 or P<0.01).This indicates that the therapeutic effects of Tuina are directly associated with reduced local inflammation and fibrosis in MTrPs.In phase 2,compared with model 2 group,rats in TI and Tuina 2 groups had decreased expression levels of TGF-β1 and p-Smad3/Smad3 in MTrPs,alongside reduced levels of inflammatory factors(IL-1β,IL-6,NF-κB,and TNF-α)and fibrosis markers(α-SMA,collagen I,and collagen III)(P<0.05 or P<0.01).When co-administered with TGF-β1 agonist,the therapeutic effects of Tuina were significantly attenuated,with rebounded TGF-β1 expression and p-Smad3/Smad3 in local MTrPs,and fibrosis and inflammatory responses were re-exacerbated(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Conclusion Tuina can effectively reduce inflammatory responses and fibrosis in MTrPs tissue,and its mechanism is closely related to the inhibition of the TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway,which plays a critical role in Tuina-mediated regulation of MTrPs fibrosis.
基金supported by the National Level Project of China(No.KJSP2023020104)。
摘要Owing to the chaotic and non-integrable nature of three-body dynamics,the conventional Keplerian elements are rendered inadequate for cataloging cislunar space objects.Currently,there has been a conspicuous absence of universally recognized parameters for the characterization and cataloging of such objects,thereby posing an urgent challenge to cislunar space situational awareness.This paper proposes a novel approach to parameterize the orbits of Earth-Moon collinear libration points by leveraging the theoretical frameworks of canonical transformations.First,under the Hamiltonian-form dynamical equations of the libration point,symplectic transformations are employed to extract 3 modes of motion from locally linearized part.A subsequent canonical transformation then decouples the hyperbolic invariant manifold from the center manifold within the nonlinear remainder.Finally,6 characteristic parameters obtained via action-angle variables are established in a bijective correspondence with the state variables,where two parameters characterize the motion of the invariant manifold and four parameters characterize the motion of the central manifold.Furthermore,a distribution map of the Earth-Moon libration point orbits is drawn utilizing Poincare sections,which can be used to describe the distribution of libration point object.Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed parameters are not only applicable to orbit identification and object cataloging but also exhibit remarkable consistency and robustness against variations in observation arc length and observational errors.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(82441053,82074534,82474642)The Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi province(20232BAB206151).
摘要The field of acupuncture is currently facing paradigmatic issues,including the difficulty of turning theoretical strengths into technical discourse power,a gap between mechanistic research and clinical imperatives,and the fragmentation of research activities.Therefore,constructing a research paradigm grounded in traditional Chinese medicine theory and validated through contemporary scientific methods is essential.Hand Twelve Jing-Well Points(HTWP)acupuncture,an ancient therapy known for its rapid efficacy and practical application,offers an optimal solution for these challenges.In this study,the theoretical foundations,clinical effectiveness,biological explanations,and Translational applications of HTWP acupuncture were consolidated by integrating a four-step research framework.Initially,we developed the“Well point-Brain Connection”framework rooted in classical theories and informed by the“Root-Knot”concept.Subsequent clinical practice provided evidence of its effectiveness in modulating awareness and facilitating motor-cognitive rehabilitation for patients with central nervous system issues.Moreover,mechanistic research provides scientific verification of a“Sensation-Transmission-Effect”cascade that encompasses the activation of arousal circuits and the repair of the blood-brain barrier.Ultimately,the promotion of translation,standardization of systems,and the use of wearable technologies have aided the transition from passive therapy to proactive health management.This closed-loop concept offers compelling evidence for the“Well point-Brain Connection”and provides an applicable framework for scientific innovation and global distribution of innovative acupuncture hypotheses.
基金Supported by the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(No.JCYJ20240813152704006)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62401259)+2 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.NZ2024036)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(No.GZC20242228)High Performance Computing Platform of Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics。
摘要AIM:To construct an intelligent segmentation scheme for precise localization of central serous chorioretinopathy(CSC)leakage points,thereby enabling ophthalmologists to deliver accurate laser treatment without navigational laser equipment.METHODS:A dataset with dual labels(point-level and pixel-level)was first established based on fundus fluorescein angiography(FFA)images of CSC and subsequently divided into training(102 images),validation(40 images),and test(40 images)datasets.An intelligent segmentation method was then developed,based on the You Only Look Once version 8 Pose Estimation(YOLOv8-Pose)model and segment anything model(SAM),to segment CSC leakage points.Next,the YOLOv8-Pose model was trained for 200 epochs,and the best-performing model was selected to form the optimal combination with SAM.Additionally,the classic five types of U-Net series models[i.e.,U-Net,recurrent residual U-Net(R2U-Net),attention U-Net(AttU-Net),recurrent residual attention U-Net(R2AttUNet),and nested U-Net(UNet++)]were initialized with three random seeds and trained for 200 epochs,resulting in a total of 15 baseline models for comparison.Finally,based on the metrics including Dice similarity coefficient(DICE),intersection over union(IoU),precision,recall,precisionrecall(PR)curve,and receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve,the proposed method was compared with baseline models through quantitative and qualitative experiments for leakage point segmentation,thereby demonstrating its effectiveness.RESULTS:With the increase of training epochs,the mAP50-95,Recall,and precision of the YOLOv8-Pose model showed a significant increase and tended to stabilize,and it achieved a preliminary localization success rate of 90%(i.e.,36 images)for CSC leakage points in 40 test images.Using manually expert-annotated pixel-level labels as the ground truth,the proposed method achieved outcomes with a DICE of 57.13%,an IoU of 45.31%,a precision of 45.91%,a recall of 93.57%,an area under the PR curve(AUC-PR)of 0.78 and an area under the ROC curve(AUC-ROC)of 0.97,which enables more accurate segmentation of CSC leakage points.CONCLUSION:By combining the precise localization capability of the YOLOv8-Pose model with the robust and flexible segmentation ability of SAM,the proposed method not only demonstrates the effectiveness of the YOLOv8-Pose model in detecting keypoint coordinates of CSC leakage points from the perspective of application innovation but also establishes a novel approach for accurate segmentation of CSC leakage points through the“detect-then-segment”strategy,thereby providing a potential auxiliary means for the automatic and precise realtime localization of leakage points during traditional laser photocoagulation for CSC.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12274319).
摘要Semiconductor lasers have been widely used,but their most important characteristic,the threshold,has not been sufficiently investigated and remains highly controversial until now.Here,we illustrate this issue using an actual GaAs laser diode(LD).We analyze its electrical behavior,optical power,and electroluminescence(EL)spectrum near the threshold region,then propose that one should distinguish between laser transition points,including population inversion,lasing threshold,and saturation,respectively.Simple methods are provided to characterize the population inversion,the lasing threshold,and the saturation point.Additionally,we discuss the physical significance of these three points.
基金supported by the Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences(CI2021A04013)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82204610)+1 种基金the Qihang Talent Program(L2022046)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Public Welfare Research Institutes(ZZ15-YQ-041 and L2021029).
摘要Background:The medicinal material known as Os Draconis(Longgu)originates from fossilized remains of ancient mammals and is widely used in treating emotional and mental conditions.However,fossil resources are nonrenewable,and clinical demand is increasingly difficult to meet,leading to a proliferation of counterfeit products.During prolonged geological burial,static pressure from the surrounding strata severely compromises the microstructural integrity of osteons in Os Draconis,but Os Draconis still largely retains the structural features of mammalian bone.Methods:Using verified authentic Os Draconis samples over 10,000 years old as a baseline,this study summarizes the ultrastructural characteristics of genuine Os Draconis.Employing electron probe microanalysis and optical polarized light microscopy,we examined 28 batches of authentic Os Draconis and 31 batches of counterfeits to identify their ultrastructural differences.Key points for ultrastructural identification of Os Draconis were compiled,and a new identification approach was proposed based on these differences.Results:Authentic Os Draconis exhibited distinct ultrastructural markers:irregularly shaped osteons with traversing fissures,deformed/displaced Haversian canals,and secondary mineral infill(predominantly calcium carbonate).Counterfeits showed regular osteon arrangements,absent traversal fissures,and homogeneous hydroxyapatite composition.Lab-simulated samples lacked structural degradation features.EPMA confirmed calcium carbonate infill in fossilized Haversian canals,while elemental profiles differentiated lacunae types(void vs.mineral-packed).Conclusion:The study established ultrastructural criteria for authentic Os Draconis identification:osteon deformation,geological fissures penetrating bone units,and heterogenous mineral deposition.These features,unattainable in counterfeits or modern processed bones,provide a cost-effective,accurate identification method.This approach bridges gaps in TCM material standardization and supports quality control for clinical applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62375158)the Qingdao Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.25-1-1-153-zyydjch)the Development Plan of Youth Innovation Team in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province(Grant No.2022KJ216)。
摘要Exceptional points(EPs)in non-Hermitian metasurfaces have garnered considerable attention due to their unique advantages in cutting-edge applications such as ultra-sensitive sensing and unidirectional reflectionlessness.However,existing studies on metasurfaces employing both active and passive tuning mechanisms can only observe a single EP,which fails to meet the requirements for multi-frequency responses or multifunctional integration,thus limiting the enhancement of device performance.In this study,we design a terahertz(THz)non-Hermitian metasurface device that is actively tuned by the phase-change material VO2.By keeping the geometric dimensions of the device unchanged,we achieve the simultaneous induction and detection of multi-frequency EPs at multiple frequency points.Through the regulation of VO2conductivity,the gain-loss distribution of the system can be continuously controlled,leading to the degeneracy of eigenvalues and eigenstates across multiple discrete frequency bands,thereby forming multi-frequency EPs.Furthermore,the design of chiral structures demonstrates that,under identical conductivity conditions,the eigenstates of the original metasurface structure and its chiral counterpart can degenerate into circularly polarized states with opposite rotations,enabling the switching of polarization chirality.These results illustrate that the deep integration of phase-change materials,non-Hermitian photonics,and electromagnetic manipulation in metasurfaces provides a novel design paradigm for the dynamic regulation of multi-frequency EPs and circular polarization control,laying a foundation for the development of high-performance and multifunctional integrated photonic platforms in the THz regime.
基金Project supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant Nos.2022YFA1206700,2023YFA1407100,2022YFA1204700,and 2023ZD0300300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.W2541001,12574079,12304347,12504373,62175207,and 92250301)。
摘要Exceptional points(EPs)are spectral singularities in non-Hermitian systems where eigenvalues and eigenvectors simultaneously coalesce.Manipulating EPs in solid-state systems typically requires complex architectures.Here,based on a hybrid system consisted of few-layer rhenium disulfide(ReS2)deposited on a distributed Bragg mirror,we demonstrate an all-optical method to dynamically control EPs by harnessing the intrinsic optical anisotropy of ReS2.By utilizing the incident polarization angle as a dynamic control parameter,we continuously modulate the exciton-photon coupling strength,driving the system from the strong coupling regime to the weak coupling regime.The EPs are manifested as simultaneous coalescence of the real(energy)and imaginary(linewidth)parts of the complex eigenvalues.This dual-degeneracy provides unambiguous experimental evidence for EP formation and the associated collapse of the Hilbert space dimensionality.Our findings establish anisotropic light-matter coupled systems as a robust paradigm for exploring non-Hermitian topology in photonics,enabling polarization-driven topological devices without intricate nanofabrication.
基金partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11871235,12471162)。
摘要The goal of this paper is to investigate canard solutions in generalized Liénard equations with a generic or non-generic turning point.We first use a blow-up weight to desingularize the turning point and employ some methods from dynamical systems theory to study the dynamics near the turning point.Then the existence of canard solutions is shown and the first order approximation of the control curve is given by extended Melnikov theory.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12175316).
摘要Phase transitions are divided into first-order and continuous ones in the current classification.While the latter shows striking phenomena of scaling and universality,the former is typically characterized by discontinuous jumps in extensive variables and pronounced hysteresis.Recent studies have demonstrated universal scaling behavior controlled by a cubic fixed point in first-order phase transitions.However,more recent investigations of hysteresis in a dynamic mean-field quartic model driven across its first-order phase transitions have revealed new scaling exponents for different driving rates.Here,we discover a new exponent for large driving rates arising surprisingly from critical phenomena and show that,depending on the magnitude of the driving rates and the absence or presence of noise,the same mean-field model remarkably exhibits several universality classes with definite universal scaling exponents governed by their corresponding fixed points,as revealed through a systematic scaling analysis based on renormalization group theory.The theories,the various crossovers between different fixed points,and the complete universal scaling of full curve collapse,are all verified by numerical results.This further confirms universal scaling in first-order phase transitions.
基金Supported by NNSF of China (Grant Nos. 12101340, 12201328)。
摘要For the topological dynamical system with infinite entropy and the specification property,in the context of continuous and affine deformations of empirical measures,the set of divergence points is either empty,or its Bowen and packing metric mean dimensions equal those of the full phase space.We also establish the variational principles of Bowen and packing metric mean dimension for the sup set.
基金"Smart Curriculum"Project of Donghua University(ZHH-2025-08)Shanghai Philosophy and Social Sciences Planning Project(2021BPX005)。
摘要This paper investigates the dynamical evolution of parallel hybrid dynamical systems on complete bipartite graphs,where the local functions for the two vertex sets are configured as the Boolean XOR and OR functions,respectively.Through mathematical deduction and computer simulation,the results show that when the number of OR-vertices is odd,the system exhibits both fixed points and period-2 points.Conversely,when the number of OR-vertices is even,only fixed points exist.Furthermore,the necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of these states,along with their specific counting formulas,are derived.
摘要With the deepening of traditional Chinese medicine’s(TCM)“going global”strategy,acupuncture,a representative therapy of TCM,has been widely spread and recognized worldwide.The World Health Organization has included it in the global blueprint for traditional medicine development,and many countries have integrated it into their national healthcare systems.
基金Supported by Key Project of the Joint Fund for Traditional Chinese Medicine,Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(H2023406019).
摘要[Objectives]To investigate the effects of acupuncture at the complementary acupuncture points Neiguan and Waiguan on the expression levels of 5-HT,5-HIAA,5-HT 1A R,and 5-HT 4R within the acupoint area and hippocampal tissue of insomnic rats.[Methods]72 Wistar rats were randomly divided into the following groups,each comprising 12 animals:the complementary acupuncture point groups(through-acupuncture group,anti-acupuncture group),the single acupoint groups(Neiguan acupoint group,Waiguan acupoint group),the model group,and the blank group.The insomnia rat model was established through intraperitoneal injection of chlorobenzene alanine.Each acupuncture group underwent electroacupuncture treatment following the attainment of the deqi sensation,administered once daily for 20 min per session over a period of consecutive 6 d.Electroacupuncture was administered using dilatational waves,with a stimulation frequency alternating between 2 and 100 Hz,and a current intensity of 1 mA.The contents of 5-HT and 5-HIAA were detected by ELISA;5-HT 1A R levels were assessed using immunohistochemistry,and 5-HT 4R mRNA expression was evaluated through fluorescent in situ hybridization.[Results]Compared to the blank group,the expressions of 5-HT,5-HIAA,5-HT 1A R,and 5-HT 4R mRNA in both the acupoint area and hippocampal tissue of rats in the model group were significantly reduced(P<0.05).These indicators were significantly elevated in all acupuncture groups relative to the model group(P<0.05).Furthermore,the complementary acupuncture point groups(through-acupuncture and anti-acupuncture groups)demonstrated a more pronounced increase compared to the single acupoint groups(P<0.05).No statistically significant differences were observed between the through-acupuncture and anti-acupuncture groups,nor between the single Neiguan and Waiguan acupoint groups(P<0.05).[Conclusions]Acupuncture at the Neiguan and Waiguan acupoints effectively ameliorates insomnia in PCPA-treated rats.This therapeutic effect may be associated with increased expression levels of 5-HT,5-HIAA,5-HT 1A R,and 5-HT 4R mRNA in both the acupoint area and the central hippocampal tissue.
摘要Objective:To explore the key points of perioperative nursing in Endoscopic Mucosal Resection(EMR),optimize preoperative,intraoperative and postoperative nursing measures,further improve the nursing effect,and help patients recover as soon as possible.Methods:A total of 200 patients treated with EMR in Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine from June 2025 to December 2025 were analyzed.According to different nursing methods,the patients were divided into the control group and the observation group,with 100 cases in each group.The control group received conventional perioperative nursing,while the observation group adopted high-quality nursing mode.The postoperative complication rate,hospital stay and nursing satisfaction score were compared between the two groups.Results:The postoperative complication rate of the observation group was lower than that of the control group,the hospital discharge time was shorter than that of the control group,and patient satisfaction was higher than that of the control group.Conclusion:The high-quality nursing mode has obvious advantages in perioperative nursing of EMR.It can effectively reduce the incidence of postoperative complications,shorten the length of hospital stay,improve patients’satisfaction with nursing services,and has promotion value in clinical practice.
摘要The construction process of engineering projects is complex,encompassing multiple critical stages such as engineering design,raw material procurement,and construction.Although the nature of work varies across these stages,they are highly interconnected.Any issues arising in one stage can impact the effectiveness of work in other stages.Under the EPC model,engineering project management can integrate the processes and resources of project construction,thereby enabling full-process control and thereby enhancing management efficiency while reducing risks.This article primarily analyzes the concept and characteristics of the EPC model and summarizes the key points of engineering project management under the EPC model at different stages,including decision-making,design,procurement,construction,and completion acceptance.Finally,it proposes optimization suggestions for engineering project management under the EPC model,providing a reference for the high-quality implementation of the EPC model in engineering management.
摘要The construction quality of building water supply and drainage systems directly determines a structure's functionality, safety standards, and service life. This article delves into critical aspects of construction quality control through comprehensive analysis. It begins by clarifying the significance and primary objectives of quality control, while summarizing widely adopted technical standards and regulatory frameworks in engineering practice. Subsequently, it examines key quality control points throughout the construction process: during preparation phases, rigorous review of drawings is essential to ensure accurate technical specifications;materials and equipment must comply with requirements and be properly prepared;pipeline installation requires precise positioning of embedded components, appropriate connection methods, optimal bracket placement, effective corrosion protection and insulation, along with systematic pressure testing and flushing to meet quality standards;sanitary fixtures demand secure component connections and tight sealing interfaces, while critical equipment like pumps require stringent installation positions and operational calibration. From a practical perspective, the article proposes actionable measures—including enhanced on-site supervision, proactive quality prevention strategies, strict adherence to acceptance procedures, and targeted staff training to ensure proficiency in all required skills. The article also conducts an in-depth analysis based on specific engineering cases, summarizing valuable practical insights and lessons learned, aiming to provide actionable recommendations for enhancing the overall quality of building water supply and drainage systems in China.