The postulate of the collapse of the wave-function stands between the microscopic, quantum world, and the macroscopic world. Because of this intermediate position, the collapse process cannot be examined with the form...The postulate of the collapse of the wave-function stands between the microscopic, quantum world, and the macroscopic world. Because of this intermediate position, the collapse process cannot be examined with the formalism of the quantum mechanics (QM), neither with that of classical mechanics. This fact makes some physicists propose interpretations of QM, which avoid this postulate. However, the common procedure used in that is making assumptions incompatible with the QM formalism. The present work discusses the most popular interpretations. It is shown that because of such assumptions those interpretations fail, i.e. predict for some experiments results which differ from the QM predictions. Despite that, special attention is called to a proposal of S. Gao, the only one which addresses and tries to solve an obvious and major contradiction. A couple of theorems are proved for showing that the collapse postulate is necessary in the QM. Although non-explainable with the quantum formalism, this postulate cannot be denied, otherwise one comes to conclusions which disagree with the QM. It is also proved here that the idea of “collapse at a distance” is problematic especially in relativistic cases, and is a misunderstanding. Namely, in an entanglement of two quantum systems, assuming that the measurement of one of the systems (accompanied by collapse of that system on one of its states) collapses the other systems, too without the second system being measured, which leads to a contradiction.展开更多
Theoretical and experimental evidences of a causal relation of the phase of the wave function and physical reality are presented. The Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics, which gives physical meaning to the...Theoretical and experimental evidences of a causal relation of the phase of the wave function and physical reality are presented. The Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics, which gives physical meaning to the amplitude of the wave function only, cannot be considered complete on that ground. A new dynamics-statistical interpretation of quantum mechanics is proposed.展开更多
The main problem of quantum mechanics is to elucidate why the probability density is the modulus square of wave function. For the purpose of solving this problem, we explored the possibility of deducing the fundamenta...The main problem of quantum mechanics is to elucidate why the probability density is the modulus square of wave function. For the purpose of solving this problem, we explored the possibility of deducing the fundamental equation of quantum mechanics by starting with the probability density. To do so, it is necessary to formulate a new theory of quantum mechanics distinguished from the previous ones. Our investigation shows that it is possible to construct quantum mechanics in phase space as an alternative autonomous formulation and such a possibility enables us to study quantum mechanics by starting with the probability density rather than the wave function. This direction of research is contrary to configuration-space formulation of quantum mechanics starting with the wave function. Our work leads to a full understanding of the wave function as the both mathematically and physically sufficient representation of quantum-mechanical state which supplements information on quantum state given solely by the probability density with phase information on quantum state. The final result of our work is that quantum mechanics in phase space satisfactorily elucidates the relation between the wave function and the probability density by using the consistent procedure starting with the probability density, thus corroborating the ontological interpretation of the wave function and withdrawing a main assumption of quantum mechanics.展开更多
In this article, the authors study the exact traveling wave solutions of modified Zakharov equations for plasmas with a quantum correction by hyperbolic tangent function expansion method, hyperbolic secant expansion m...In this article, the authors study the exact traveling wave solutions of modified Zakharov equations for plasmas with a quantum correction by hyperbolic tangent function expansion method, hyperbolic secant expansion method, and Jacobi elliptic function ex- pansion method. They obtain more exact traveling wave solutions including trigonometric function solutions, rational function solutions, and more generally solitary waves, which are called classical bright soliton, W-shaped soliton, and M-shaped soliton.展开更多
The effects of the polarization potential serve to model spectra of alkaline atoms. These effects have been known for a long time and notably explained by the physicist Max Born (1926). The experimental knowledge of t...The effects of the polarization potential serve to model spectra of alkaline atoms. These effects have been known for a long time and notably explained by the physicist Max Born (1926). The experimental knowledge of these alkaline spectra enables us to specify the values of these quantum defects. A simple code is used to calculate two quantum defects for which δl can be distinguished as: δs l = 0 and δp l = 1. On the theoretical part, it is possible to have an analytical expression for these quantum defects δl. A second code gives the correct wave functions modified by the quantum defects δl with the condition for the principal number: n* = n – δl ≥ 1. It is well known that δl → 0 when the kinetic momentum l ≥ 4, and for such momenta the spectra turns out to be hydrogenic. Modern software such as Mathematica, allows us to efficiently generate the polynomes defining wave functions with fractional quantum numbers. This leads to a good theoretical representation of these wave functions. To get numerically the quantum defects, a simple code is given to obtain these quantities when the levels assigned to a transition are known. Then, the quantum defects are inserted into the arguments of the correct modified wave functions for the outer electron of an atom or ion undergoing the short range polarization potential.展开更多
Shortcomings of the Boltzmann physical kinetics and the Schrödinger wave mechanics are considered. From the position of nonlocal physics, the Schrödinger equation is a local equation;this fact leads ...Shortcomings of the Boltzmann physical kinetics and the Schrödinger wave mechanics are considered. From the position of nonlocal physics, the Schrödinger equation is a local equation;this fact leads to the great shortcomings of the linear Schrödinger wave mechanics. Nonlocal nonlinear quantum mechanics is considered using the wave function terminology.展开更多
Based on theorems, the Atomic AString Functions theory, evolving since the 1970s, is introduced into Quantum Mechanics to represent a wave function via the shifts and stretches of smooth finite Atomic Function pulses/...Based on theorems, the Atomic AString Functions theory, evolving since the 1970s, is introduced into Quantum Mechanics to represent a wave function via the shifts and stretches of smooth finite Atomic Function pulses/solitonic atoms. It leads to a novel ‘atomic interpretation’ where wave functions become the superpositions of localized Atomic Wave Functions, which can also describe collapsed wave functions, represent Gaussians, uphold Heisenberg’s uncertainly principle, and a more generic concept of Atomic Harmonic Oscillator. Atomic Functions can solve the boundary wave function discontinuity problem for particle-in-a-box and other solutions by introducing atomic wave packets. It highlights some limitations of the Schrödinger equation, yielding harmonic representations that may not be flexible enough to satisfy complex boundary conditions. The theory follows more generic research on Atomic Spacetime, quantum gravity, and field theories to derive common mathematical blocks of unified fields similar to loop quantum gravity and strings theories.展开更多
This paper presents the Advanced Observer Model (AOM), a groundbreaking conceptual framework designed to clarify the complex and often enigmatic nature of quantum mechanics. The AOM serves as a metaphorical lens, brin...This paper presents the Advanced Observer Model (AOM), a groundbreaking conceptual framework designed to clarify the complex and often enigmatic nature of quantum mechanics. The AOM serves as a metaphorical lens, bringing the elusive quantum realm into sharper focus by transforming its inherent uncertainty into a coherent, structured ‘Frame Stream’ that aids in the understanding of quantum phenomena. While the AOM offers conceptual simplicity and clarity, it recognizes the necessity of a rigorous theoretical foundation to address the fundamental uncertainties that lie at the core of quantum mechanics. This paper seeks to illuminate those theoretical ambiguities, bridging the gap between the abstract insights of the AOM and the intricate mathematical foundations of quantum theory. By integrating the conceptual clarity of the AOM with the theoretical intricacies of quantum mechanics, this work aspires to deepen our understanding of this fascinating and elusive field.展开更多
Quantum neural network filters for signal processing have received a lot of interest in the recent past. The implementations of these filters had a number of design parameters that led to numerical inefficiencies. At ...Quantum neural network filters for signal processing have received a lot of interest in the recent past. The implementations of these filters had a number of design parameters that led to numerical inefficiencies. At the same time the solution procedures employed were explicit in that the evolution of the time-varying functions had to be controlled. This often led to numerical instabilities. This paper outlines a procedure for improving the stability, numerical efficiency, and the accuracy of quantum neural network filters. Two examples are used to illustrate the principles employed.展开更多
In this paper, an attempt is made to synthesize fuzzy mathematics and quantum mechanics. By using the method of fuzzy mathematics to blur the probability (wave) of quantum mechanics, the concept of fuzzy wave function...In this paper, an attempt is made to synthesize fuzzy mathematics and quantum mechanics. By using the method of fuzzy mathematics to blur the probability (wave) of quantum mechanics, the concept of fuzzy wave function is put forward to describe the fuzzy quantum probability. By applying the non-fuzzy formula of fuzzy quantity and Schrödinger wave equation of quantum mechanics, the membership function equation is established to describe the evolution of the fuzzy wave function. The concept of membership degree amplitude is introduced to calculate fuzzy probability amplitude. Some important concepts in fuzzy mathematics are also illustrated.展开更多
This paper introduces a groundbreaking synthesis of fundamental quantum mechanics with the Advanced Observer Model (AOM), presenting a unified framework that reimagines the construction of reality. AOM highlights the ...This paper introduces a groundbreaking synthesis of fundamental quantum mechanics with the Advanced Observer Model (AOM), presenting a unified framework that reimagines the construction of reality. AOM highlights the pivotal role of the observer in shaping reality, where classical notions of time, space, and energy are reexamined through the quantum lens. By engaging with key quantum equations—such as the Schrödinger equation, Heisenberg uncertainty principle, and Dirac equation—the paper demonstrates how AOM unifies the probabilistic nature of quantum mechanics with the determinism of classical physics. Central to this exploration is the Sequence of Quantum States (SQS) and Constant Frame Rate (CFR), which align with concepts like quantum superposition, entanglement, and wave function collapse. The model’s implications extend to how observers perceive reality, proposing that interference patterns between wave functions form the foundation of observable phenomena. By offering a fresh perspective on the interplay between determinacy and indeterminacy, AOM lays a robust theoretical foundation for future inquiry into quantum physics and the philosophy of consciousness.展开更多
Geometric Algebra formalism opens the door to developing a theory deeper than conventional quantum mechanics. Generalizations, stemming from implementation of complex numbers as geometrically feasible objects in three...Geometric Algebra formalism opens the door to developing a theory deeper than conventional quantum mechanics. Generalizations, stemming from implementation of complex numbers as geometrically feasible objects in three dimensions, unambiguous definition of states, observables, measurements, Maxwell equations solution in those terms, bring into reality a kind of physical fields spreading through the whole three-dimensional space and values of the time parameter. The fields can be modified instantly in all points of space and time values, thus eliminating the concept of cause and effect, and perceiving of one-directional time. In the suggested theory all measured observable values get available all together, not through looking one by one. In this way quantum computer appeared to be a kind of analog computer keeping and instantly processing information by and on sets of objects possessing an infinite number of degrees of freedom. As practical implementation, the multithread GPUs bearing the CUDA language functionality allow to simultaneously calculate observable measurement values at a number of spaceime discrete points only restricted by the GPU threads capacity.展开更多
This paper introduces the Advanced Observer Model (AOM), a novel framework that integrates classical mechanics, quantum mechanics, and relativity through the observer’s role in constructing reality. Central to the AO...This paper introduces the Advanced Observer Model (AOM), a novel framework that integrates classical mechanics, quantum mechanics, and relativity through the observer’s role in constructing reality. Central to the AOM is the Static Configuration/Dynamic Configuration (SC/DC) conjugate, which examines physical systems through the interaction between static spatial configurations and dynamic quantum states. The model introduces a Constant Frame Rate (CFR) to quantize time perception, providing a discrete model for time evolution in quantum systems. By modifying the Schrödinger equation with CFR, the AOM bridges quantum and classical physics, offering a unified interpretation where classical determinism and quantum uncertainty coexist. A key feature of the AOM is its energy scaling model, where energy grows exponentially with spatial dimensionality, following the relationshipE∝(π)n. This dimensional scaling connects the discrete time perception of the observer with both quantum and classical energy distributions, providing insights into the nature of higher-dimensional spaces. Additionally, the AOM posits that spacetime curvature arises from quantum interactions, shaped by the observer’s discrete time perception. The model emphasizes the observer’s consciousness as a co-creator of reality, offering new approaches to understanding the quantum-classical transition. While speculative, the AOM opens new avenues for addressing foundational questions in quantum mechanics, relativity, dimensionality, and the nature of reality.展开更多
由于光伏系统的输出功率与光照强度等环境因素密切相关,具有非线性特性,当外部环境快速变化时,导致难以实时适应最大功率点跟踪(Maximum Power Point Tracking,MPPT),容易出现误跟踪现象,影响控制效果。为此,提出基于量子粒子群算法的...由于光伏系统的输出功率与光照强度等环境因素密切相关,具有非线性特性,当外部环境快速变化时,导致难以实时适应最大功率点跟踪(Maximum Power Point Tracking,MPPT),容易出现误跟踪现象,影响控制效果。为此,提出基于量子粒子群算法的光伏系统MPPT控制方法。分析光伏阵列电压与电流、电压与功率曲线特性,得出系统MPPT控制的目标功率输出;通过Logistic函数和Beta分布优化量子粒子群算法,以提高搜索的效率和准确性;利用优化后的量子粒子群算法求解最优系统MPPT的目标功率输出控制参数,增强MPPT控制的实时适应性,最终根据此参数调整光伏系统MPPT控制,以达到MPPT的目标功率输出。结果表明,所提方法在相同与不同光照环境下都能保证光伏系统MPPT控制良好效果,且算法收敛性能好,有效提升系统作业工作效率。展开更多
摘要The postulate of the collapse of the wave-function stands between the microscopic, quantum world, and the macroscopic world. Because of this intermediate position, the collapse process cannot be examined with the formalism of the quantum mechanics (QM), neither with that of classical mechanics. This fact makes some physicists propose interpretations of QM, which avoid this postulate. However, the common procedure used in that is making assumptions incompatible with the QM formalism. The present work discusses the most popular interpretations. It is shown that because of such assumptions those interpretations fail, i.e. predict for some experiments results which differ from the QM predictions. Despite that, special attention is called to a proposal of S. Gao, the only one which addresses and tries to solve an obvious and major contradiction. A couple of theorems are proved for showing that the collapse postulate is necessary in the QM. Although non-explainable with the quantum formalism, this postulate cannot be denied, otherwise one comes to conclusions which disagree with the QM. It is also proved here that the idea of “collapse at a distance” is problematic especially in relativistic cases, and is a misunderstanding. Namely, in an entanglement of two quantum systems, assuming that the measurement of one of the systems (accompanied by collapse of that system on one of its states) collapses the other systems, too without the second system being measured, which leads to a contradiction.
摘要Theoretical and experimental evidences of a causal relation of the phase of the wave function and physical reality are presented. The Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics, which gives physical meaning to the amplitude of the wave function only, cannot be considered complete on that ground. A new dynamics-statistical interpretation of quantum mechanics is proposed.
摘要The main problem of quantum mechanics is to elucidate why the probability density is the modulus square of wave function. For the purpose of solving this problem, we explored the possibility of deducing the fundamental equation of quantum mechanics by starting with the probability density. To do so, it is necessary to formulate a new theory of quantum mechanics distinguished from the previous ones. Our investigation shows that it is possible to construct quantum mechanics in phase space as an alternative autonomous formulation and such a possibility enables us to study quantum mechanics by starting with the probability density rather than the wave function. This direction of research is contrary to configuration-space formulation of quantum mechanics starting with the wave function. Our work leads to a full understanding of the wave function as the both mathematically and physically sufficient representation of quantum-mechanical state which supplements information on quantum state given solely by the probability density with phase information on quantum state. The final result of our work is that quantum mechanics in phase space satisfactorily elucidates the relation between the wave function and the probability density by using the consistent procedure starting with the probability density, thus corroborating the ontological interpretation of the wave function and withdrawing a main assumption of quantum mechanics.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10871075)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,China (9151064201000040)
摘要In this article, the authors study the exact traveling wave solutions of modified Zakharov equations for plasmas with a quantum correction by hyperbolic tangent function expansion method, hyperbolic secant expansion method, and Jacobi elliptic function ex- pansion method. They obtain more exact traveling wave solutions including trigonometric function solutions, rational function solutions, and more generally solitary waves, which are called classical bright soliton, W-shaped soliton, and M-shaped soliton.
摘要The effects of the polarization potential serve to model spectra of alkaline atoms. These effects have been known for a long time and notably explained by the physicist Max Born (1926). The experimental knowledge of these alkaline spectra enables us to specify the values of these quantum defects. A simple code is used to calculate two quantum defects for which δl can be distinguished as: δs l = 0 and δp l = 1. On the theoretical part, it is possible to have an analytical expression for these quantum defects δl. A second code gives the correct wave functions modified by the quantum defects δl with the condition for the principal number: n* = n – δl ≥ 1. It is well known that δl → 0 when the kinetic momentum l ≥ 4, and for such momenta the spectra turns out to be hydrogenic. Modern software such as Mathematica, allows us to efficiently generate the polynomes defining wave functions with fractional quantum numbers. This leads to a good theoretical representation of these wave functions. To get numerically the quantum defects, a simple code is given to obtain these quantities when the levels assigned to a transition are known. Then, the quantum defects are inserted into the arguments of the correct modified wave functions for the outer electron of an atom or ion undergoing the short range polarization potential.
摘要Shortcomings of the Boltzmann physical kinetics and the Schrödinger wave mechanics are considered. From the position of nonlocal physics, the Schrödinger equation is a local equation;this fact leads to the great shortcomings of the linear Schrödinger wave mechanics. Nonlocal nonlinear quantum mechanics is considered using the wave function terminology.
摘要Based on theorems, the Atomic AString Functions theory, evolving since the 1970s, is introduced into Quantum Mechanics to represent a wave function via the shifts and stretches of smooth finite Atomic Function pulses/solitonic atoms. It leads to a novel ‘atomic interpretation’ where wave functions become the superpositions of localized Atomic Wave Functions, which can also describe collapsed wave functions, represent Gaussians, uphold Heisenberg’s uncertainly principle, and a more generic concept of Atomic Harmonic Oscillator. Atomic Functions can solve the boundary wave function discontinuity problem for particle-in-a-box and other solutions by introducing atomic wave packets. It highlights some limitations of the Schrödinger equation, yielding harmonic representations that may not be flexible enough to satisfy complex boundary conditions. The theory follows more generic research on Atomic Spacetime, quantum gravity, and field theories to derive common mathematical blocks of unified fields similar to loop quantum gravity and strings theories.
摘要This paper presents the Advanced Observer Model (AOM), a groundbreaking conceptual framework designed to clarify the complex and often enigmatic nature of quantum mechanics. The AOM serves as a metaphorical lens, bringing the elusive quantum realm into sharper focus by transforming its inherent uncertainty into a coherent, structured ‘Frame Stream’ that aids in the understanding of quantum phenomena. While the AOM offers conceptual simplicity and clarity, it recognizes the necessity of a rigorous theoretical foundation to address the fundamental uncertainties that lie at the core of quantum mechanics. This paper seeks to illuminate those theoretical ambiguities, bridging the gap between the abstract insights of the AOM and the intricate mathematical foundations of quantum theory. By integrating the conceptual clarity of the AOM with the theoretical intricacies of quantum mechanics, this work aspires to deepen our understanding of this fascinating and elusive field.
摘要Quantum neural network filters for signal processing have received a lot of interest in the recent past. The implementations of these filters had a number of design parameters that led to numerical inefficiencies. At the same time the solution procedures employed were explicit in that the evolution of the time-varying functions had to be controlled. This often led to numerical instabilities. This paper outlines a procedure for improving the stability, numerical efficiency, and the accuracy of quantum neural network filters. Two examples are used to illustrate the principles employed.
摘要In this paper, an attempt is made to synthesize fuzzy mathematics and quantum mechanics. By using the method of fuzzy mathematics to blur the probability (wave) of quantum mechanics, the concept of fuzzy wave function is put forward to describe the fuzzy quantum probability. By applying the non-fuzzy formula of fuzzy quantity and Schrödinger wave equation of quantum mechanics, the membership function equation is established to describe the evolution of the fuzzy wave function. The concept of membership degree amplitude is introduced to calculate fuzzy probability amplitude. Some important concepts in fuzzy mathematics are also illustrated.
摘要This paper introduces a groundbreaking synthesis of fundamental quantum mechanics with the Advanced Observer Model (AOM), presenting a unified framework that reimagines the construction of reality. AOM highlights the pivotal role of the observer in shaping reality, where classical notions of time, space, and energy are reexamined through the quantum lens. By engaging with key quantum equations—such as the Schrödinger equation, Heisenberg uncertainty principle, and Dirac equation—the paper demonstrates how AOM unifies the probabilistic nature of quantum mechanics with the determinism of classical physics. Central to this exploration is the Sequence of Quantum States (SQS) and Constant Frame Rate (CFR), which align with concepts like quantum superposition, entanglement, and wave function collapse. The model’s implications extend to how observers perceive reality, proposing that interference patterns between wave functions form the foundation of observable phenomena. By offering a fresh perspective on the interplay between determinacy and indeterminacy, AOM lays a robust theoretical foundation for future inquiry into quantum physics and the philosophy of consciousness.
摘要Geometric Algebra formalism opens the door to developing a theory deeper than conventional quantum mechanics. Generalizations, stemming from implementation of complex numbers as geometrically feasible objects in three dimensions, unambiguous definition of states, observables, measurements, Maxwell equations solution in those terms, bring into reality a kind of physical fields spreading through the whole three-dimensional space and values of the time parameter. The fields can be modified instantly in all points of space and time values, thus eliminating the concept of cause and effect, and perceiving of one-directional time. In the suggested theory all measured observable values get available all together, not through looking one by one. In this way quantum computer appeared to be a kind of analog computer keeping and instantly processing information by and on sets of objects possessing an infinite number of degrees of freedom. As practical implementation, the multithread GPUs bearing the CUDA language functionality allow to simultaneously calculate observable measurement values at a number of spaceime discrete points only restricted by the GPU threads capacity.
摘要This paper introduces the Advanced Observer Model (AOM), a novel framework that integrates classical mechanics, quantum mechanics, and relativity through the observer’s role in constructing reality. Central to the AOM is the Static Configuration/Dynamic Configuration (SC/DC) conjugate, which examines physical systems through the interaction between static spatial configurations and dynamic quantum states. The model introduces a Constant Frame Rate (CFR) to quantize time perception, providing a discrete model for time evolution in quantum systems. By modifying the Schrödinger equation with CFR, the AOM bridges quantum and classical physics, offering a unified interpretation where classical determinism and quantum uncertainty coexist. A key feature of the AOM is its energy scaling model, where energy grows exponentially with spatial dimensionality, following the relationshipE∝(π)n. This dimensional scaling connects the discrete time perception of the observer with both quantum and classical energy distributions, providing insights into the nature of higher-dimensional spaces. Additionally, the AOM posits that spacetime curvature arises from quantum interactions, shaped by the observer’s discrete time perception. The model emphasizes the observer’s consciousness as a co-creator of reality, offering new approaches to understanding the quantum-classical transition. While speculative, the AOM opens new avenues for addressing foundational questions in quantum mechanics, relativity, dimensionality, and the nature of reality.
摘要由于光伏系统的输出功率与光照强度等环境因素密切相关,具有非线性特性,当外部环境快速变化时,导致难以实时适应最大功率点跟踪(Maximum Power Point Tracking,MPPT),容易出现误跟踪现象,影响控制效果。为此,提出基于量子粒子群算法的光伏系统MPPT控制方法。分析光伏阵列电压与电流、电压与功率曲线特性,得出系统MPPT控制的目标功率输出;通过Logistic函数和Beta分布优化量子粒子群算法,以提高搜索的效率和准确性;利用优化后的量子粒子群算法求解最优系统MPPT的目标功率输出控制参数,增强MPPT控制的实时适应性,最终根据此参数调整光伏系统MPPT控制,以达到MPPT的目标功率输出。结果表明,所提方法在相同与不同光照环境下都能保证光伏系统MPPT控制良好效果,且算法收敛性能好,有效提升系统作业工作效率。