The deep integration of mobile networks with artificial intelligence(AI)has emerged as a pivotal driving force for the sixth-generation(6G)mobile network.AI-native 6G represents a paradigm shift for mobile networks,as...The deep integration of mobile networks with artificial intelligence(AI)has emerged as a pivotal driving force for the sixth-generation(6G)mobile network.AI-native 6G represents a paradigm shift for mobile networks,as it not only embeds AI into network components to enhance network intelligence and automation but also transforms 6G into a foundational infrastructure for enabling pervasive AI applications and services.This paper proposes a novel 6G AI-native architecture.The challenges and requirements for the AI-native 6G mobile network are first analyzed,followed by the development of a task-driven approach for architecture design based on insights from system theory.Then,a 6G AI-native architecture is proposed,featuring the integration of distributed AI data and computing components with layered centralized collaborative control and flexible on-demand deployment.Key components and procedures for the 6G AI-native architecture are also discussed in detail.Finally,standardization practices for the convergence of mobile networks and AI in fifth-generation(5G)networks are analyzed,and an outlook on the standardization of AI-native design in 6G is given.This paper aims to provide not only theoretical insights into AI-native architecture design methodology but also a comprehensive 6G AI-native architecture that lays a foundation for the transition from mobile communications toward mobile information services in the 6G era.展开更多
The characterization of interwell section architecture is critical for revealing reservoir lateral heterogeneity and connectivity.This process integrates well and seismic data with geological knowledge yet faces inher...The characterization of interwell section architecture is critical for revealing reservoir lateral heterogeneity and connectivity.This process integrates well and seismic data with geological knowledge yet faces inherent multiple solutions.Current characterization methods remain hampered by high levels of manual intervention,insufficient automation,and difficulties in evaluating the uncertainty of interwell section architecture.To address these challenges,this study presents an intelligent method for the automated characterization of reservoir architecture along section directions based on a Bayesian expert system.The approach quantifies domain knowledge via prior normal distributions.By utilizing well and seismic data,Bayesian probabilistic reasoning infers the guiding influence of each individual piece of domain knowledge on predicting the interwell distribution of architectural elements.A weighted ensemble decision framework then integrates these inferences to determine the interwell distributions of architectural elements and associated uncertainties.Case studies demonstrate that the method effectively evaluates uncertainty,generates geologically consistent section characterizations,achieves 81%consistency in blind well sand body predictions,and excels in delineating the lateral boundaries and contact relationships of architectural elements.展开更多
The strategic engineering of nanostructure architecture and the in-depth understanding of structure-property relationships are pivotal for photocarrier-behavior dependent solar-thermal regulation.We present a general ...The strategic engineering of nanostructure architecture and the in-depth understanding of structure-property relationships are pivotal for photocarrier-behavior dependent solar-thermal regulation.We present a general morphology-structure-control strategy for fabricating the isolated metal sites anchored chalcogenide hollow nanoreactors(single-atom metal/chalcogenide HNR,metal includes Pt,Pd,Ru,chalcogenide includes CdS,ZnIn2S4,Zn0.5Cd0.5S,CdIn2S4),they act as photothermal catalysts for plastic photoreforming.This methodology encompasses confinement cavity modulation via templated chalcogenide epitaxial growth and built-in electric field(BIEF)establishment via defect-mediated interface chemical bond construction.As-fabricated heterostructures integrate multilight scattering and directional charge transfer,leveraging hollow architectures and strong BIEF for stimulating the high-concentration carrier generation and driving continuous photocarrier localization and delocalized-electron transportation,thereby enhancing the photocarrier dynamics.Subsequently,photogenerated electron excitation-induced hot electron generation amplifies the photothermal response at atomically dispersed metal sites.Synergistic photothermal catalysis in these nanoreactors promotes complementary adsorption of key intermediates and unlocks low-dissociation-energy pathways of critical chemical bonds,thereby achieving selective transformation of hydroxyl to carbonyl coupled with clean hydrogen production.This work provides a paradigm for manipulating interfacial BIEFs between hollow nanostructure and single-atom sites,elucidating the substantial impact of these tailored architectures on photocarrier dynamics and solar-thermal regulation.展开更多
Distinguishing between shoal-water deltas and shore-shallow lake beach-bars is challenging,creating a widespread problem for bar-scale reservoir architecture analysis and ultimately affecting oilfield development.Usin...Distinguishing between shoal-water deltas and shore-shallow lake beach-bars is challenging,creating a widespread problem for bar-scale reservoir architecture analysis and ultimately affecting oilfield development.Using the Miocene Upper Ganchaigou Formation in the Z7 and Z401 wellblocks of the Zhahaquan oilfield in the Qaidam Basin as an example,this study examines the differences between mouth bars and beach-bars and establishes an architectural model for mouth bars in a shallow water environment.The main methods used in this study include grain size analysis,architecture analysis,and well-tied single sandbody correlation.Passega's C-M diagram and G.M.Friedman's skewness-standard deviation plot provide reliable criteria for distinguishing mouth bars from beach bars.Architectural analysis is applied to identify architectural units and to establish their relationships with corresponding microfacies.A connected single sandbody—characterized by a single,unified oil-water contact—serves as an effective basis for well-to-well correlation and for interpreting 4th-order architectural units.Two conclusions are drawn.First,grain size analysis shows that rivers dominated the bars in the Z7 and Z401 wellblocks,with lesser influence from waves,indicating that they are mouth bars.Second,architectural analysis shows that there are three levels of architectural units:a 5th-order unit represented by a compound mouth bar formed through the superimposition of multiple single mouth bars;4th-order units consisting of individual mouth bars,including those partially truncated by distributary channels;and 3rd-order units comprising mouth bar accretion bodies and individual distributary channels.Welltied sand body correlation,architectural analysis,and microfacies interpretation ofⅢ-5-2-2 indicate that six single mouth bars are stacked in an imbricated,lamellar pattern.These bars prograded lakeward sequentially and were intermittently incised by distributary channels as the shoreline migrated toward the lake under an arid climate,shoal water,and a gentle slope.The results of this case study are helpful to distinguish mouth bars from beach-bars and for conducting architectural analysis.They offer valuable guidance not only for Zahaquan,Gasikule,and other oilfields in the Qaidam Basin but also for those that contain shoal-water delta systems in other clastic basins.展开更多
Antimony(Sb)-based aqueous batteries have emerged as promising candidates for grid-scale energy storage by virtue of their high theoretical capacity(660 mAh g-1),low redox potential,and cost-effectiveness.However,c...Antimony(Sb)-based aqueous batteries have emerged as promising candidates for grid-scale energy storage by virtue of their high theoretical capacity(660 mAh g-1),low redox potential,and cost-effectiveness.However,critical bottlenecks such as structural instability,sluggish redox kinetics,and parasitic side reactions severely hinder their practical application.In light of this,based on an in-depth analysis of these challenges,this review systematically summarizes recent advances in the field.It comprehensively evaluates the current status of Sb-based anodes in aqueous alkaline batteries(AABs)and chloride-ion batteries(ACIBs)by critically comparing three primary strategies:interface modulation,structural engineering,and electrolyte optimization.This work provides an in-depth analysis of the relative merits and limitations of these approaches,aiming to closely integrate fundamental mechanistic research with performance under practical conditions.Furthermore,this review offers specific suggestions for the field,including a roadmap for future research that emphasizes multiscale mechanistic modeling,advanced electrolyte design,robust electrode architectures,and the development of high-voltage aqueous systems,to accelerate the transition of Sb-based batteries from laboratory prototypes to industrial grid-scale energy storage.展开更多
Graphene oxide(GO)has shown great potential in agricultural applications,however,its concentrationdependent effects on cucumber(Cucumis sativus L.)growth,nutrient absorption,and root architecture remain unclear.In the...Graphene oxide(GO)has shown great potential in agricultural applications,however,its concentrationdependent effects on cucumber(Cucumis sativus L.)growth,nutrient absorption,and root architecture remain unclear.In the present study,a hydroponic experiment was conducted with different GO concentrations(0.5,1.0,and 2.0 mg L−1)and setting the non-GO treatment(0.0 mg L−1)as the control for cucumber plants(cv.Qingbaizao).The results showed that low to moderate concentrations(0.5–1.0 mg L−1)significantly promoted cucumber growth,increased shoot and root biomass,enhanced the accumulation of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium,and optimized root architecture by increasing cellulose and hemicellulose content.In contrast,high GO concentrations(2.0 mg L−1)exhibited significant inhibitory effects,reducing plant growth indicators,inhibiting nutrient accumulation,particularly in shoots,damaging root structure,and leading to obvious damage to root apical vascular bundles and disrupted the structural integrity of root tips.Further analysis revealed that the regulatory effect of GO on cucumber growth was closely related to its influence on root uptake capacity and root architecture optimization,as differentially expressed genes in‘GO and Control’comparison was remarkably enriched in phenylpanoid biosynthesis.This study systematically explores the concentration-dependent responses of cucumber growth,nutrient accumulation,and root architecture to GO,clarifies the suitable concentration range of GO for cucumber growth promotion,and provides theoretical basis and technical reference for the rational application of GO in cucumber cultivation.展开更多
Improved yield potential is the goal of barley domestication and cultivation.During this process,two-and six-rowed barley types emerged and have been utilised in breeding and production.The six-rowed type could produc...Improved yield potential is the goal of barley domestication and cultivation.During this process,two-and six-rowed barley types emerged and have been utilised in breeding and production.The six-rowed type could produce three times as many grains as its ancestral two-rowed forms,thus dominating barley cultivation for thousands of years.The deficiens form of the two-rowed type,characterised by extremely suppressed lateral spikelets,has gained dominance over the past few decades in barley-growing regions worldwide.We hypothesised that the absence of lateral spikelets in deficiens barley affects spike architecture and spike-related traits,contributing to its superior yield potential of deficiens barley cultivation.Currently,a deficiens barley variety,RGT Planet,is the most popular barley variety in the world.In this study,we used two F2 populations derived from crossing RGT Planet with two canonical two-rowed barley and identified the functional allele Vrs1.t1 associated with deficiens morphology.We observed that the Vrs1.t1 allele may contribute to high yield potential by optimising spike architecture through increased spikelet length,grain number,and grain size.Phylogenetic analysis suggests that the deficiens mutation was likely present from the early stages of barley cultivation in the Fertile Crescent and spread to Ethiopia and beyond with agricultural expansion.We conclude that the ancient deficiens allele Vrs1.t1 has been a critical driver for the recent success of modern barley improvement by optimising spike architecture.展开更多
The rapid developments of artificial intelligence have significantly impacted daily life and content production modes.In the field of video generation,researchers are now exploring this emerging technique with innovat...The rapid developments of artificial intelligence have significantly impacted daily life and content production modes.In the field of video generation,researchers are now exploring this emerging technique with innovative approaches,aiming to produce videos of higher quality,longer duration,and greater diversity.Currently,numerous video generation algorithms have been developed using different architecture designs.Unlike image generation,video generation requires maintaining consistency across both spatial and temporal dimensions while ensuring aesthetic quality and dynamic coherence,making it a more challenging task.In this survey,we provide a systematic review of existing video generation methods,tracing their evolution across different architectural paradigms.We further categorize recent models by their control conditions(e.g.,text-to-video,image to-video,multi-modal guidance)and summarize their unique theoretical foundations,architectural designs,and algorithmic innovations.In the meantime,we review the commonly used video datasets and analyze their applicability to different tasks.We also present evaluations of representative models to offer a more comprehensive perspective.Our goal is to provide a clear and concise overview of these algorithms,offering insights to support future breakthroughs in video generation.展开更多
Escalating demands for HD linear streaming and seamless mobility challenge 6G cellular networks,where 5G-optimized resource strategies approach saturation.Broadcast networks,with inherent spectral efficiency and cover...Escalating demands for HD linear streaming and seamless mobility challenge 6G cellular networks,where 5G-optimized resource strategies approach saturation.Broadcast networks,with inherent spectral efficiency and coverage advantages,offer complementary capacity.We propose a converged cellular-broadcast architecture integrating a novel 6G broadcast core,enabling dynamic cellular traffic offloading to broadcast networks while enhancing broadcast reception via cellular links.A User-perception optimization framework jointly addressing broadcast directionality,resource allocation,and power control is established and solved by an efficient multi-stage heuristic algorithm.Simulations confirm that the proposed broadcast core significantly alleviates cellular congestion and improves broadcast resource utilization by comparing with existing literature.Field trials in campus environments demonstrate consistent operational efficacy,validating the architecture’s practical feasibility for 6G media delivery.展开更多
Crown architectural traits are critical adaptations that balance light capture with mechanical stability.Given that light availability plays a fundamental role in shaping forest community structure,cooccurring tree sp...Crown architectural traits are critical adaptations that balance light capture with mechanical stability.Given that light availability plays a fundamental role in shaping forest community structure,cooccurring tree species of different shade tolerance guilds exhibit distinct resource acquisition strategies.However,how shade tolerance governs multidimensional crown architecture and mediates neighborhood interactions remains unclear.In a subtropical Chinese forest,we monitored 5-year growth and measured six individual-level crown traits for 3589 trees.We quantifiedtrade-offs among crown traits and evaluated the relative effects of tree size,spatial structure,neighborhood density,and crown trait dissimilarity on growth across shade tolerance guilds.Principal component analysis revealed two major axes:crown shape(PC1,narrow-deep vs.broad-shallow)and crown size(PC2,height and apical dominance).Light-demanding species exhibited higher scores along the crown size axis,consistent with a strategy of rapid vertical growth,whereas shade-tolerant species showed more plastic crown forms,advantageous for persistence under low light conditions.The influenceof crown trait-mediated neighborhood interactions on growth also diverged between shade tolerance guilds.Growth of light-demanding species was suppressed by dissimilarity in apical dominance ratio and crown shape(PC1),yet enhanced by dissimilarity in crown projection area,reflectingboth environmental filteringand niche differentiation.In contrast,shade-tolerant species were mainly constrained by conspecificdensity,consistent with density dependent effects potentially linked to natural enemies.These findingsdemonstrate that shade tolerance structures crown trait trade-offs and determines how crown traits mediate neighborhood interactions,thereby improving our understanding of crown architecture-driven demography and coexistence in forest ecosystems under global change.展开更多
Full waveform inversion(FWI)is a high-resolution subsurface imaging technique,but its effectiveness is limited by challenges such as noise contamination,sparse acquisition,and artifacts from multiparameter coupling.To...Full waveform inversion(FWI)is a high-resolution subsurface imaging technique,but its effectiveness is limited by challenges such as noise contamination,sparse acquisition,and artifacts from multiparameter coupling.To address these limitations,this study develops a deep reparameterized FWI(DR-FWI)framework,in which subsurface parameters are represented by a deep neural network.Instead of directly optimizing the parameters,DR-FWI optimizes the network weights to reconstruct them,thereby embedding network priors and facilitating optimization.To provide guidelines for the design and usage of DR-FWI,we benchmark two initial model embedding strategies:one involves pretraining the network to generate predefined initial models(pretraining-based),and the other directly adds the network outputs to the initial models,along with three representative architectures(UNet,CNN,MLP).Extensive ablation experiments show that combining CNN with pretraining-based initialization significantly enhances inversion accuracy,offering valuable insights into network design.To further understand the mechanism of DR-FWI,spectral bias analysis reveals that the network first captures lowwavenumber features and progressively reconstructs high-wavenumber details.This learning pattern supports adaptive multi-scale inversion and provides a physically interpretable view of the inversion process.Notably,the robustness of DR-FWI is validated under various noise levels and sparse acquisition scenarios,where its strong performance with limited shots and receivers demonstrates reduced reliance on dense observational data.Additionally,a"backbone-branch"structure is proposed to extend DR-FWI to multiparameter inversion,and its efficacy in mitigating cross-parameter interference is validated on a synthetic anomaly model and the Marmousi2 model.These results suggest a promising direction for joint inversion involving multiple parameters or multiphysics.展开更多
The formation of desert shrub sand piles(nebkhas)is attributed to the obstruction and subsequent deposition of migrating sand by the shrub itself.However,the relationship between sediment particle size distribution an...The formation of desert shrub sand piles(nebkhas)is attributed to the obstruction and subsequent deposition of migrating sand by the shrub itself.However,the relationship between sediment particle size distribution and shrub branch architecture remains inadequately understood.In August 2020,field investigations were conducted on Tetraena mongolica Maxim.shrubs in the Bayan Engger Desert Nature Reserve,located on the Ordos Plateau in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,China.Crown morphological parameters of T.mongolica shrubs and associated nebkhas were systematically measured alongside branch architectures.A one-way analysis of variance(ANOVA)was used to identify differences in branch architectures among various levels,while correlation analysis and model fitting were applied to establish the relationship between crown and nebkha morphological parameters.Path analysis was utilized to identify the key branch architectures that influence crown development.Furthermore,sediment redistribution characteristics of nebkhas were quantified,and principal component analysis combined with regression models was utilized to elucidate the contributions of key branch architectures and sensitive particle size fractions to nebkha deposition.Results indicated that the step-by-step branch ratio(SBR)initially increased from the lower branches to the outermost branches before subsequently decreasing.Additionally,branch angle significantly increased(P<0.0500),whereas both the branch length and the ratio of branch diameters(RBD)significantly decreased toward the exterior of the shrub(P<0.0500).Expansion of crown area significantly enhanced nebkha volume,demonstrating a strong linear relationship(P<0.0010).As the primary contact surface for trapping wind-blown sand,the silhouette area of the shrub initially increased and then decreased from bottom to top.Notably,the silhouette area of the 10-30 cm height layer played a crucial role in promoting nebkha volume expansion(P<0.0100).Path analysis further revealed that the key branch architectures promoting crown area expansion were the step-by-step branch ratio between the third-level and fourth-level branches(SBR3:4),followed by the fourth-level branch length(BLL4),the third-level branch angle(BAL3),and the ratio of branch diameters between the fourth-level and third-level branches(RBD4:3).Under the continuous interception of sediments by branches and leaves,the proportion of surface sediment with a particle size of 100.00-250.00μm reached 51.07%,indicating a significant increase in fine-sized particles.Further analysis confirmed that SBR3:4,BLL4,BAL3,and sediments within the 50.00-100.00μm particle size range were the primary contributors to nebkha deposition.These results demonstrate that the branch characteristics of T.mongolica shrubs near the ground surface promote fine sediment accumulation and nebkha development by regulating crown expansion.The findings reveal the unique adaptation mechanisms of rare and endangered plants in nebkha microhabitats and provide a scientific basis for ecological windbreak and sand-fixation projects in the desert transition zones of arid and semi-arid regions.展开更多
This study investigates the strong heterogeneity and complex internal architecture of carbonate reservoirs,using the Cretaceous Main Mishrif Formation in the Middle East as an example.A multi-scale characterization of...This study investigates the strong heterogeneity and complex internal architecture of carbonate reservoirs,using the Cretaceous Main Mishrif Formation in the Middle East as an example.A multi-scale characterization of sedimentary architecture is conducted based on reservoir genetic analysis.Quantitative calibration of well logs with core thin sections enables semi-quantitative evaluation of dissolution intensity in non-cored intervals.Within a coupled depositional-diagenetic framework,reservoir classification is established with depositional-diagenetic facies as the linking framework,allowing delineation of their spatial distribution and connectivity.The results show that three types of architectural units are developed in the Main Mishrif Formation,including tidal channels,bioclastic shoals,and tidal bioclastic deltas,which exhibit fining-upward,coarsening-upward,and coarsening-upward–fining-upward successions,respectively.These units form two composite stacking patterns,namely the“encapsulated”pattern and the“upper-lower”pattern.A dissolution intensity index is defined based on thin-section analysis,and a log-based prediction model is developed using principal component analysis and multivariate regression.Dissolution in the MB2 sub-member is controlled by third-order sequence boundaries,with strong dissolution occurring from MC1-1 to MB2-1,forming high-permeability zones across architectural units.In contrast,dissolution in the MB1 sub-member is controlled by high-frequency sequences,with stronger dissolution in the upper intervals,favoring the development of high-permeability zones.By combining depositional and dissolution characteristics,a total of 21 depositional-diagenetic facies are identified,and the distributions of high-permeability zones,high-quality,moderate,and poor reservoirs,as well as interlayers are systematically characterized.These findings provide a geological basis for stratified reservoir development,well pattern optimization,and remaining oil recovery in carbonate reservoirs,and are promising for the characterization of giant thick carbonate reservoirs in the Middle East and Central Asia.展开更多
Slope instability,worsened by climate change and deforestation,is a major hazard in mountainous regions.While vegetation-based bioengineering offers a sustainable solution,limited research exists on how tree stem diam...Slope instability,worsened by climate change and deforestation,is a major hazard in mountainous regions.While vegetation-based bioengineering offers a sustainable solution,limited research exists on how tree stem diameter is related to root architecture and slope stabilization potential.This study integrates field investigation,laboratory testing,and numerical modeling to assess the contribution of Cryptomeria D.Don trees of varying diameters to slope stability in the Longchi Forest,Sichuan Province,China.Four trees with diameters ranging from 230 mm to 430 mm were analyzed to examine the relationship between tree stem diameter and root architectural indices,i.e.,Root area ratio(RAR),root density(RD),and root biomass(RB).A continuous profiling method was used for the roots zone excavation.The roots tensile tests were conducted to evaluate the biomechanical properties of the roots of the selected trees.The additional root cohesion was estimated using the most commonly used Wu and Waldron model and the Fiber bundle model,while the shear strength of the bare soil was evaluated using direct shear tests.The results revealed that as stem diameter increased,RAR in the top 10 cm of soil increased from 0.54%to 0.82%,RD increased from 0.00168 to 0.00292 roots/cm³,and RB from 0.01245 to 0.02041 g/cm³.Average root tensile strength increased from 15.51 MPa(230 mm tree)to 22.17 MPa(430 mm tree),while root cohesion in the topsoil increased from 28.04 kPa to 58.2 kPa.Slope stability simulations showed that vegetation enhanced the Factor of Safety(FoS)by 35.6%for the smallest tree and 70.8%for the largest,compared to bare slopes.These findings underscore the relationship between tree stem diameter,root reinforcement,and slope stability,offering a practical basis for integrating tree size into eco-engineering design and landslide mitigation efforts.This study advances our understanding of the biomechanical contributions of vegetation to slope stabilization and offers valuable insights for forest management and bioengineering practices in geohazard-prone regions.展开更多
Many fast pattern-matching mechanisms are used in NIDS(Network Intrusion Detection Systems)to filter higher volumes of network traffic prior to invoking expensive rule verification stages.This filtering phase in signa...Many fast pattern-matching mechanisms are used in NIDS(Network Intrusion Detection Systems)to filter higher volumes of network traffic prior to invoking expensive rule verification stages.This filtering phase in signature-based engines,such as Snort,needs to preserve exact matching semantics while being able to process at high throughput on commodity hardware.Here,we introduce a hybrid CPU–GPU architecture-aware framework for exact multi-pattern matching based on the Weighted Exact Matching Algorithm(WEMA).WEMA performs the most relevant matching based on deterministic ordered indexing of category units,which eliminates chaotic control flow(which occurs with automata learning)and also brings out more regular memory access.An extensive evaluation across CPU-only,GPU-only,and hybrid CPU–GPU execution models is performed to analyze how WEMA interacts with heterogeneous hardware architectures.Informed by these observations,we propose a hybrid design with CPU-based control-intensive tasks—rule parsing,index construction,batching,and rule verification—retained on the CPU while selective data-parallel payload scanning is off-loaded to the GPU.Experimental results show that CPU-only execution on a commodity multicore CPU and integrated GPU platform delivers stable performance across the entire range of payload sizes,while the hybrid model achieves modest but repeatable improvements for small and medium workloads.The architecture evaluated here offers a relatively small advantage for GPU-only execution.Given the very nature of NIDS alongside the results provided in this paper,it is clear that WEMA-based acceleration on NIDS highly depends on hardware features and workload size,while selective,architecture-aware GPU utilization is crucial to maintain deterministic run-time characteristics in security-critical applications.展开更多
Prohibitin(PHB)plays critical roles in plant growth and development.In this study,we utilized CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing technology to generate homozygous OsPHB2 knockout transgenic plants,designated cr-osphb2.The cr-os...Prohibitin(PHB)plays critical roles in plant growth and development.In this study,we utilized CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing technology to generate homozygous OsPHB2 knockout transgenic plants,designated cr-osphb2.The cr-osphb2 line exhibited wider leaves,dwarfism,and shorter panicles.Subcellular localization results indicated that OsPHB2 localizes to mitochondria.Under salt stress conditions,cr-osphb2 exhibited enhanced tolerance.Haplotype(Hap)analysis identified three major Haps(Hap1,Hap2,and Hap3)of OsPHB2,among which Hap2 was associated with a greater number of effective panicles and higher yield,indicating its potential value for breeding applications.Collectively,our findings demonstrate that OsPHB2 plays an important role in regulating growth,development,and salt stress responses in rice.展开更多
THE power industrial control system(power ICS)is thecore infrastructure that ensures the safe,stable,and efficient operation of power systems.Its architecture typi-cally adopts a hierarchical and partitioned end-edge-...THE power industrial control system(power ICS)is thecore infrastructure that ensures the safe,stable,and efficient operation of power systems.Its architecture typi-cally adopts a hierarchical and partitioned end-edge-cloud collaborative design.However,the large-scale integration ofdistributed renewable energy resources,coupled with the extensivedeployment of sensing and communication devices,has resulted inthe new-type power system characterized by dynamic complexityand high uncertainty[1]-[4].展开更多
The year 2026 marks the fifth anniversary of the establishment of the China-ASEAN Comprehensive Strategic Partnership.Since President Xi Jinping proposed jointly building a closer China-ASEAN community with a shared f...The year 2026 marks the fifth anniversary of the establishment of the China-ASEAN Comprehensive Strategic Partnership.Since President Xi Jinping proposed jointly building a closer China-ASEAN community with a shared future in 2013,the initiative has evolved in both substance and depth,growing from concept to practice and from bilateral cooperation to multilateral cooperation.展开更多
Deep learning has become integral to robotics,particularly in tasks such as robotic grasping,where objects often exhibit diverse shapes,textures,and physical properties.In robotic grasping tasks,due to the diverse cha...Deep learning has become integral to robotics,particularly in tasks such as robotic grasping,where objects often exhibit diverse shapes,textures,and physical properties.In robotic grasping tasks,due to the diverse characteristics of the targets,frequent adjustments to the network architecture and parameters are required to avoid a decrease in model accuracy,which presents a significant challenge for non-experts.Neural Architecture Search(NAS)provides a compelling method through the automated generation of network architectures,enabling the discovery of models that achieve high accuracy through efficient search algorithms.Compared to manually designed networks,NAS methods can significantly reduce design costs,time expenditure,and improve model performance.However,such methods often involve complex topological connections,and these redundant structures can severely reduce computational efficiency.To overcome this challenge,this work puts forward a robotic grasp detection framework founded on NAS.The method automatically designs a lightweight network with high accuracy and low topological complexity,effectively adapting to the target object to generate the optimal grasp pose,thereby significantly improving the success rate of robotic grasping.Additionally,we use Class Activation Mapping(CAM)as an interpretability tool,which captures sensitive information during the perception process through visualized results.The searched model achieved competitive,and in some cases superior,performance on the Cornell and Jacquard public datasets,achieving accuracies of 98.3%and 96.8%,respectively,while sustaining a detection speed of 89 frames per second with only 0.41 million parameters.To further validate its effectiveness beyond benchmark evaluations,we conducted real-world grasping experiments on a UR5 robotic arm,where the model demonstrated reliable performance across diverse objects and high grasp success rates,thereby confirming its practical applicability in robotic manipulation tasks.展开更多
Despite demonstrating significant anti-tumor potential as an artemisinin derivative,artesunate faces delivery efficiency challenges due to low water solubility and insufficient targeting specificity.To improve the del...Despite demonstrating significant anti-tumor potential as an artemisinin derivative,artesunate faces delivery efficiency challenges due to low water solubility and insufficient targeting specificity.To improve the delivery efficiency,we engineered three artesunate(ART) derivatives,AC15-L(linear),AC15-B(branched),and AC15-C(cyclic) with distinct aliphatic chain architectures.Unexpectedly,we observed that AC15-C exhibited superior cytotoxicity against 4T1 breast cancer cells,and had the highest binding affinity for Lon protease 1(LONP1)(-72.6 kcal/mol).Subsequently,disulfide bond-containing lipid-PEG(DSPESS-PEG2K) modified chain architecture-engineered ART derivatives nanoassemblies(NAs) were developed to mitigate solubility-related limitations while enhancing targeting precision.Molecular docking and experimental validation demonstrated that ART derivatives inhibited LONP1 through hydrophobic interactions while preserved Fe2+-mediated Fenton-like reaction activity.In vitro and in vivo evaluations demonstrated that AC15-C NAs outperformed free ART and other NAs,suppressing 4T1 tumor growth via dual action:LONP1-directed mitochondrial proteostasis collapse and reactive oxygen species(ROS) amplification through Fe2+-ART interactions.This study elucidated a novel anti-tumor mechanism of ART through the rational design of derivatives with spatially configured aliphatic chains,and developed reductionresponsive NAs to provide an advanced delivery strategy.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB2902001)。
摘要The deep integration of mobile networks with artificial intelligence(AI)has emerged as a pivotal driving force for the sixth-generation(6G)mobile network.AI-native 6G represents a paradigm shift for mobile networks,as it not only embeds AI into network components to enhance network intelligence and automation but also transforms 6G into a foundational infrastructure for enabling pervasive AI applications and services.This paper proposes a novel 6G AI-native architecture.The challenges and requirements for the AI-native 6G mobile network are first analyzed,followed by the development of a task-driven approach for architecture design based on insights from system theory.Then,a 6G AI-native architecture is proposed,featuring the integration of distributed AI data and computing components with layered centralized collaborative control and flexible on-demand deployment.Key components and procedures for the 6G AI-native architecture are also discussed in detail.Finally,standardization practices for the convergence of mobile networks and AI in fifth-generation(5G)networks are analyzed,and an outlook on the standardization of AI-native design in 6G is given.This paper aims to provide not only theoretical insights into AI-native architecture design methodology but also a comprehensive 6G AI-native architecture that lays a foundation for the transition from mobile communications toward mobile information services in the 6G era.
基金supported by Major Science and Technology Project of China University of Petroleum(Beijing)(Grant No.2462023YJRC034)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42202178,42272110)。
摘要The characterization of interwell section architecture is critical for revealing reservoir lateral heterogeneity and connectivity.This process integrates well and seismic data with geological knowledge yet faces inherent multiple solutions.Current characterization methods remain hampered by high levels of manual intervention,insufficient automation,and difficulties in evaluating the uncertainty of interwell section architecture.To address these challenges,this study presents an intelligent method for the automated characterization of reservoir architecture along section directions based on a Bayesian expert system.The approach quantifies domain knowledge via prior normal distributions.By utilizing well and seismic data,Bayesian probabilistic reasoning infers the guiding influence of each individual piece of domain knowledge on predicting the interwell distribution of architectural elements.A weighted ensemble decision framework then integrates these inferences to determine the interwell distributions of architectural elements and associated uncertainties.Case studies demonstrate that the method effectively evaluates uncertainty,generates geologically consistent section characterizations,achieves 81%consistency in blind well sand body predictions,and excels in delineating the lateral boundaries and contact relationships of architectural elements.
摘要The strategic engineering of nanostructure architecture and the in-depth understanding of structure-property relationships are pivotal for photocarrier-behavior dependent solar-thermal regulation.We present a general morphology-structure-control strategy for fabricating the isolated metal sites anchored chalcogenide hollow nanoreactors(single-atom metal/chalcogenide HNR,metal includes Pt,Pd,Ru,chalcogenide includes CdS,ZnIn2S4,Zn0.5Cd0.5S,CdIn2S4),they act as photothermal catalysts for plastic photoreforming.This methodology encompasses confinement cavity modulation via templated chalcogenide epitaxial growth and built-in electric field(BIEF)establishment via defect-mediated interface chemical bond construction.As-fabricated heterostructures integrate multilight scattering and directional charge transfer,leveraging hollow architectures and strong BIEF for stimulating the high-concentration carrier generation and driving continuous photocarrier localization and delocalized-electron transportation,thereby enhancing the photocarrier dynamics.Subsequently,photogenerated electron excitation-induced hot electron generation amplifies the photothermal response at atomically dispersed metal sites.Synergistic photothermal catalysis in these nanoreactors promotes complementary adsorption of key intermediates and unlocks low-dissociation-energy pathways of critical chemical bonds,thereby achieving selective transformation of hydroxyl to carbonyl coupled with clean hydrogen production.This work provides a paradigm for manipulating interfacial BIEFs between hollow nanostructure and single-atom sites,elucidating the substantial impact of these tailored architectures on photocarrier dynamics and solar-thermal regulation.
基金supported by the Oil&Gas Major Project(No.2025ZD1400605)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41472097&42072229)。
摘要Distinguishing between shoal-water deltas and shore-shallow lake beach-bars is challenging,creating a widespread problem for bar-scale reservoir architecture analysis and ultimately affecting oilfield development.Using the Miocene Upper Ganchaigou Formation in the Z7 and Z401 wellblocks of the Zhahaquan oilfield in the Qaidam Basin as an example,this study examines the differences between mouth bars and beach-bars and establishes an architectural model for mouth bars in a shallow water environment.The main methods used in this study include grain size analysis,architecture analysis,and well-tied single sandbody correlation.Passega's C-M diagram and G.M.Friedman's skewness-standard deviation plot provide reliable criteria for distinguishing mouth bars from beach bars.Architectural analysis is applied to identify architectural units and to establish their relationships with corresponding microfacies.A connected single sandbody—characterized by a single,unified oil-water contact—serves as an effective basis for well-to-well correlation and for interpreting 4th-order architectural units.Two conclusions are drawn.First,grain size analysis shows that rivers dominated the bars in the Z7 and Z401 wellblocks,with lesser influence from waves,indicating that they are mouth bars.Second,architectural analysis shows that there are three levels of architectural units:a 5th-order unit represented by a compound mouth bar formed through the superimposition of multiple single mouth bars;4th-order units consisting of individual mouth bars,including those partially truncated by distributary channels;and 3rd-order units comprising mouth bar accretion bodies and individual distributary channels.Welltied sand body correlation,architectural analysis,and microfacies interpretation ofⅢ-5-2-2 indicate that six single mouth bars are stacked in an imbricated,lamellar pattern.These bars prograded lakeward sequentially and were intermittently incised by distributary channels as the shoreline migrated toward the lake under an arid climate,shoal water,and a gentle slope.The results of this case study are helpful to distinguish mouth bars from beach-bars and for conducting architectural analysis.They offer valuable guidance not only for Zahaquan,Gasikule,and other oilfields in the Qaidam Basin but also for those that contain shoal-water delta systems in other clastic basins.
基金financial support from the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2025A1515012868)。
摘要Antimony(Sb)-based aqueous batteries have emerged as promising candidates for grid-scale energy storage by virtue of their high theoretical capacity(660 mAh g-1),low redox potential,and cost-effectiveness.However,critical bottlenecks such as structural instability,sluggish redox kinetics,and parasitic side reactions severely hinder their practical application.In light of this,based on an in-depth analysis of these challenges,this review systematically summarizes recent advances in the field.It comprehensively evaluates the current status of Sb-based anodes in aqueous alkaline batteries(AABs)and chloride-ion batteries(ACIBs)by critically comparing three primary strategies:interface modulation,structural engineering,and electrolyte optimization.This work provides an in-depth analysis of the relative merits and limitations of these approaches,aiming to closely integrate fundamental mechanistic research with performance under practical conditions.Furthermore,this review offers specific suggestions for the field,including a roadmap for future research that emphasizes multiscale mechanistic modeling,advanced electrolyte design,robust electrode architectures,and the development of high-voltage aqueous systems,to accelerate the transition of Sb-based batteries from laboratory prototypes to industrial grid-scale energy storage.
基金financial support from Key Research and Development Program of Sichuan Province:Vegetable Breeding ProjectSichuan Innovation Team(SCCXTD-2024-5).
摘要Graphene oxide(GO)has shown great potential in agricultural applications,however,its concentrationdependent effects on cucumber(Cucumis sativus L.)growth,nutrient absorption,and root architecture remain unclear.In the present study,a hydroponic experiment was conducted with different GO concentrations(0.5,1.0,and 2.0 mg L−1)and setting the non-GO treatment(0.0 mg L−1)as the control for cucumber plants(cv.Qingbaizao).The results showed that low to moderate concentrations(0.5–1.0 mg L−1)significantly promoted cucumber growth,increased shoot and root biomass,enhanced the accumulation of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium,and optimized root architecture by increasing cellulose and hemicellulose content.In contrast,high GO concentrations(2.0 mg L−1)exhibited significant inhibitory effects,reducing plant growth indicators,inhibiting nutrient accumulation,particularly in shoots,damaging root structure,and leading to obvious damage to root apical vascular bundles and disrupted the structural integrity of root tips.Further analysis revealed that the regulatory effect of GO on cucumber growth was closely related to its influence on root uptake capacity and root architecture optimization,as differentially expressed genes in‘GO and Control’comparison was remarkably enriched in phenylpanoid biosynthesis.This study systematically explores the concentration-dependent responses of cucumber growth,nutrient accumulation,and root architecture to GO,clarifies the suitable concentration range of GO for cucumber growth promotion,and provides theoretical basis and technical reference for the rational application of GO in cucumber cultivation.
基金Funding for this research was provided by the Australia Grain Research and Development Corporation(9176507)the Western Crop Genetics Alliance.Jingye Cheng thanks The University of Tasmania,Australia for the scholarship(495802)。
摘要Improved yield potential is the goal of barley domestication and cultivation.During this process,two-and six-rowed barley types emerged and have been utilised in breeding and production.The six-rowed type could produce three times as many grains as its ancestral two-rowed forms,thus dominating barley cultivation for thousands of years.The deficiens form of the two-rowed type,characterised by extremely suppressed lateral spikelets,has gained dominance over the past few decades in barley-growing regions worldwide.We hypothesised that the absence of lateral spikelets in deficiens barley affects spike architecture and spike-related traits,contributing to its superior yield potential of deficiens barley cultivation.Currently,a deficiens barley variety,RGT Planet,is the most popular barley variety in the world.In this study,we used two F2 populations derived from crossing RGT Planet with two canonical two-rowed barley and identified the functional allele Vrs1.t1 associated with deficiens morphology.We observed that the Vrs1.t1 allele may contribute to high yield potential by optimising spike architecture through increased spikelet length,grain number,and grain size.Phylogenetic analysis suggests that the deficiens mutation was likely present from the early stages of barley cultivation in the Fertile Crescent and spread to Ethiopia and beyond with agricultural expansion.We conclude that the ancient deficiens allele Vrs1.t1 has been a critical driver for the recent success of modern barley improvement by optimising spike architecture.
基金Supported by“Pioneer”and“Leading Goose”R&D Program of Zhejiang(Grant No.2023C01181)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62421003,62302449)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.LQ23F020009).
摘要The rapid developments of artificial intelligence have significantly impacted daily life and content production modes.In the field of video generation,researchers are now exploring this emerging technique with innovative approaches,aiming to produce videos of higher quality,longer duration,and greater diversity.Currently,numerous video generation algorithms have been developed using different architecture designs.Unlike image generation,video generation requires maintaining consistency across both spatial and temporal dimensions while ensuring aesthetic quality and dynamic coherence,making it a more challenging task.In this survey,we provide a systematic review of existing video generation methods,tracing their evolution across different architectural paradigms.We further categorize recent models by their control conditions(e.g.,text-to-video,image to-video,multi-modal guidance)and summarize their unique theoretical foundations,architectural designs,and algorithmic innovations.In the meantime,we review the commonly used video datasets and analyze their applicability to different tasks.We also present evaluations of representative models to offer a more comprehensive perspective.Our goal is to provide a clear and concise overview of these algorithms,offering insights to support future breakthroughs in video generation.
基金supported in part by the National Key Research and Development Project of China under Grant 2023YFB2906200in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Program under Grant62271316+1 种基金in part by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central UniversitiesShanghai Key Laboratory of Digital Media Processing under Grant STCSM 18DZ2270700
摘要Escalating demands for HD linear streaming and seamless mobility challenge 6G cellular networks,where 5G-optimized resource strategies approach saturation.Broadcast networks,with inherent spectral efficiency and coverage advantages,offer complementary capacity.We propose a converged cellular-broadcast architecture integrating a novel 6G broadcast core,enabling dynamic cellular traffic offloading to broadcast networks while enhancing broadcast reception via cellular links.A User-perception optimization framework jointly addressing broadcast directionality,resource allocation,and power control is established and solved by an efficient multi-stage heuristic algorithm.Simulations confirm that the proposed broadcast core significantly alleviates cellular congestion and improves broadcast resource utilization by comparing with existing literature.Field trials in campus environments demonstrate consistent operational efficacy,validating the architecture’s practical feasibility for 6G media delivery.
基金financiallysupported by Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LQ22C030001)Zhejiang Undergraduate Science and Technology Innovation Activity Program(Xinmiao Talents Program)(2024R404A014).
摘要Crown architectural traits are critical adaptations that balance light capture with mechanical stability.Given that light availability plays a fundamental role in shaping forest community structure,cooccurring tree species of different shade tolerance guilds exhibit distinct resource acquisition strategies.However,how shade tolerance governs multidimensional crown architecture and mediates neighborhood interactions remains unclear.In a subtropical Chinese forest,we monitored 5-year growth and measured six individual-level crown traits for 3589 trees.We quantifiedtrade-offs among crown traits and evaluated the relative effects of tree size,spatial structure,neighborhood density,and crown trait dissimilarity on growth across shade tolerance guilds.Principal component analysis revealed two major axes:crown shape(PC1,narrow-deep vs.broad-shallow)and crown size(PC2,height and apical dominance).Light-demanding species exhibited higher scores along the crown size axis,consistent with a strategy of rapid vertical growth,whereas shade-tolerant species showed more plastic crown forms,advantageous for persistence under low light conditions.The influenceof crown trait-mediated neighborhood interactions on growth also diverged between shade tolerance guilds.Growth of light-demanding species was suppressed by dissimilarity in apical dominance ratio and crown shape(PC1),yet enhanced by dissimilarity in crown projection area,reflectingboth environmental filteringand niche differentiation.In contrast,shade-tolerant species were mainly constrained by conspecificdensity,consistent with density dependent effects potentially linked to natural enemies.These findingsdemonstrate that shade tolerance structures crown trait trade-offs and determines how crown traits mediate neighborhood interactions,thereby improving our understanding of crown architecture-driven demography and coexistence in forest ecosystems under global change.
基金supported by the Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory,the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant No.42504129)the Science for Earthquake Resilience(grant No.XH24012A)the University-Industry Collaborative Education Program(grant No.2504244609)。
摘要Full waveform inversion(FWI)is a high-resolution subsurface imaging technique,but its effectiveness is limited by challenges such as noise contamination,sparse acquisition,and artifacts from multiparameter coupling.To address these limitations,this study develops a deep reparameterized FWI(DR-FWI)framework,in which subsurface parameters are represented by a deep neural network.Instead of directly optimizing the parameters,DR-FWI optimizes the network weights to reconstruct them,thereby embedding network priors and facilitating optimization.To provide guidelines for the design and usage of DR-FWI,we benchmark two initial model embedding strategies:one involves pretraining the network to generate predefined initial models(pretraining-based),and the other directly adds the network outputs to the initial models,along with three representative architectures(UNet,CNN,MLP).Extensive ablation experiments show that combining CNN with pretraining-based initialization significantly enhances inversion accuracy,offering valuable insights into network design.To further understand the mechanism of DR-FWI,spectral bias analysis reveals that the network first captures lowwavenumber features and progressively reconstructs high-wavenumber details.This learning pattern supports adaptive multi-scale inversion and provides a physically interpretable view of the inversion process.Notably,the robustness of DR-FWI is validated under various noise levels and sparse acquisition scenarios,where its strong performance with limited shots and receivers demonstrates reduced reliance on dense observational data.Additionally,a"backbone-branch"structure is proposed to extend DR-FWI to multiparameter inversion,and its efficacy in mitigating cross-parameter interference is validated on a synthetic anomaly model and the Marmousi2 model.These results suggest a promising direction for joint inversion involving multiple parameters or multiphysics.
基金funded by the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(2024QN04023)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41967009)+1 种基金the Research Program of Science and Technology at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region"The Regulatory Mechanism of Near-Natural Vegetation Restoration on Sediment Carbon Sequestration Effects in Photovoltaic Power Stations in Desert Areas"the Jining Normal University Doctoral Innovation Research Fund(jsbsjj2412).
摘要The formation of desert shrub sand piles(nebkhas)is attributed to the obstruction and subsequent deposition of migrating sand by the shrub itself.However,the relationship between sediment particle size distribution and shrub branch architecture remains inadequately understood.In August 2020,field investigations were conducted on Tetraena mongolica Maxim.shrubs in the Bayan Engger Desert Nature Reserve,located on the Ordos Plateau in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,China.Crown morphological parameters of T.mongolica shrubs and associated nebkhas were systematically measured alongside branch architectures.A one-way analysis of variance(ANOVA)was used to identify differences in branch architectures among various levels,while correlation analysis and model fitting were applied to establish the relationship between crown and nebkha morphological parameters.Path analysis was utilized to identify the key branch architectures that influence crown development.Furthermore,sediment redistribution characteristics of nebkhas were quantified,and principal component analysis combined with regression models was utilized to elucidate the contributions of key branch architectures and sensitive particle size fractions to nebkha deposition.Results indicated that the step-by-step branch ratio(SBR)initially increased from the lower branches to the outermost branches before subsequently decreasing.Additionally,branch angle significantly increased(P<0.0500),whereas both the branch length and the ratio of branch diameters(RBD)significantly decreased toward the exterior of the shrub(P<0.0500).Expansion of crown area significantly enhanced nebkha volume,demonstrating a strong linear relationship(P<0.0010).As the primary contact surface for trapping wind-blown sand,the silhouette area of the shrub initially increased and then decreased from bottom to top.Notably,the silhouette area of the 10-30 cm height layer played a crucial role in promoting nebkha volume expansion(P<0.0100).Path analysis further revealed that the key branch architectures promoting crown area expansion were the step-by-step branch ratio between the third-level and fourth-level branches(SBR3:4),followed by the fourth-level branch length(BLL4),the third-level branch angle(BAL3),and the ratio of branch diameters between the fourth-level and third-level branches(RBD4:3).Under the continuous interception of sediments by branches and leaves,the proportion of surface sediment with a particle size of 100.00-250.00μm reached 51.07%,indicating a significant increase in fine-sized particles.Further analysis confirmed that SBR3:4,BLL4,BAL3,and sediments within the 50.00-100.00μm particle size range were the primary contributors to nebkha deposition.These results demonstrate that the branch characteristics of T.mongolica shrubs near the ground surface promote fine sediment accumulation and nebkha development by regulating crown expansion.The findings reveal the unique adaptation mechanisms of rare and endangered plants in nebkha microhabitats and provide a scientific basis for ecological windbreak and sand-fixation projects in the desert transition zones of arid and semi-arid regions.
基金Supported by PetroChina Scientific Research and Technological Development Project(2023ZZ19,2021DQ0407)National Major Science and Technology Project(2025ZD1406401)。
摘要This study investigates the strong heterogeneity and complex internal architecture of carbonate reservoirs,using the Cretaceous Main Mishrif Formation in the Middle East as an example.A multi-scale characterization of sedimentary architecture is conducted based on reservoir genetic analysis.Quantitative calibration of well logs with core thin sections enables semi-quantitative evaluation of dissolution intensity in non-cored intervals.Within a coupled depositional-diagenetic framework,reservoir classification is established with depositional-diagenetic facies as the linking framework,allowing delineation of their spatial distribution and connectivity.The results show that three types of architectural units are developed in the Main Mishrif Formation,including tidal channels,bioclastic shoals,and tidal bioclastic deltas,which exhibit fining-upward,coarsening-upward,and coarsening-upward–fining-upward successions,respectively.These units form two composite stacking patterns,namely the“encapsulated”pattern and the“upper-lower”pattern.A dissolution intensity index is defined based on thin-section analysis,and a log-based prediction model is developed using principal component analysis and multivariate regression.Dissolution in the MB2 sub-member is controlled by third-order sequence boundaries,with strong dissolution occurring from MC1-1 to MB2-1,forming high-permeability zones across architectural units.In contrast,dissolution in the MB1 sub-member is controlled by high-frequency sequences,with stronger dissolution in the upper intervals,favoring the development of high-permeability zones.By combining depositional and dissolution characteristics,a total of 21 depositional-diagenetic facies are identified,and the distributions of high-permeability zones,high-quality,moderate,and poor reservoirs,as well as interlayers are systematically characterized.These findings provide a geological basis for stratified reservoir development,well pattern optimization,and remaining oil recovery in carbonate reservoirs,and are promising for the characterization of giant thick carbonate reservoirs in the Middle East and Central Asia.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42350410441 and U24A20170).
摘要Slope instability,worsened by climate change and deforestation,is a major hazard in mountainous regions.While vegetation-based bioengineering offers a sustainable solution,limited research exists on how tree stem diameter is related to root architecture and slope stabilization potential.This study integrates field investigation,laboratory testing,and numerical modeling to assess the contribution of Cryptomeria D.Don trees of varying diameters to slope stability in the Longchi Forest,Sichuan Province,China.Four trees with diameters ranging from 230 mm to 430 mm were analyzed to examine the relationship between tree stem diameter and root architectural indices,i.e.,Root area ratio(RAR),root density(RD),and root biomass(RB).A continuous profiling method was used for the roots zone excavation.The roots tensile tests were conducted to evaluate the biomechanical properties of the roots of the selected trees.The additional root cohesion was estimated using the most commonly used Wu and Waldron model and the Fiber bundle model,while the shear strength of the bare soil was evaluated using direct shear tests.The results revealed that as stem diameter increased,RAR in the top 10 cm of soil increased from 0.54%to 0.82%,RD increased from 0.00168 to 0.00292 roots/cm³,and RB from 0.01245 to 0.02041 g/cm³.Average root tensile strength increased from 15.51 MPa(230 mm tree)to 22.17 MPa(430 mm tree),while root cohesion in the topsoil increased from 28.04 kPa to 58.2 kPa.Slope stability simulations showed that vegetation enhanced the Factor of Safety(FoS)by 35.6%for the smallest tree and 70.8%for the largest,compared to bare slopes.These findings underscore the relationship between tree stem diameter,root reinforcement,and slope stability,offering a practical basis for integrating tree size into eco-engineering design and landslide mitigation efforts.This study advances our understanding of the biomechanical contributions of vegetation to slope stabilization and offers valuable insights for forest management and bioengineering practices in geohazard-prone regions.
摘要Many fast pattern-matching mechanisms are used in NIDS(Network Intrusion Detection Systems)to filter higher volumes of network traffic prior to invoking expensive rule verification stages.This filtering phase in signature-based engines,such as Snort,needs to preserve exact matching semantics while being able to process at high throughput on commodity hardware.Here,we introduce a hybrid CPU–GPU architecture-aware framework for exact multi-pattern matching based on the Weighted Exact Matching Algorithm(WEMA).WEMA performs the most relevant matching based on deterministic ordered indexing of category units,which eliminates chaotic control flow(which occurs with automata learning)and also brings out more regular memory access.An extensive evaluation across CPU-only,GPU-only,and hybrid CPU–GPU execution models is performed to analyze how WEMA interacts with heterogeneous hardware architectures.Informed by these observations,we propose a hybrid design with CPU-based control-intensive tasks—rule parsing,index construction,batching,and rule verification—retained on the CPU while selective data-parallel payload scanning is off-loaded to the GPU.Experimental results show that CPU-only execution on a commodity multicore CPU and integrated GPU platform delivers stable performance across the entire range of payload sizes,while the hybrid model achieves modest but repeatable improvements for small and medium workloads.The architecture evaluated here offers a relatively small advantage for GPU-only execution.Given the very nature of NIDS alongside the results provided in this paper,it is clear that WEMA-based acceleration on NIDS highly depends on hardware features and workload size,while selective,architecture-aware GPU utilization is crucial to maintain deterministic run-time characteristics in security-critical applications.
基金supported by the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Outstanding Youth Fund Continuation Project,China(Grant No.LRG25C130002)the Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(Grant No.CAAS-CSCB-202402)+3 种基金the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China(Grant No.LD24C130001)the Biological Breeding-National Science and Technology Major Projects of China(Grant No.2023ZD04066)the Central Public-Interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund,China(Grant No.Y2025YC96)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program,China(Grant No.CAAS-ASTIP-2021-CNRRI).
摘要Prohibitin(PHB)plays critical roles in plant growth and development.In this study,we utilized CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing technology to generate homozygous OsPHB2 knockout transgenic plants,designated cr-osphb2.The cr-osphb2 line exhibited wider leaves,dwarfism,and shorter panicles.Subcellular localization results indicated that OsPHB2 localizes to mitochondria.Under salt stress conditions,cr-osphb2 exhibited enhanced tolerance.Haplotype(Hap)analysis identified three major Haps(Hap1,Hap2,and Hap3)of OsPHB2,among which Hap2 was associated with a greater number of effective panicles and higher yield,indicating its potential value for breeding applications.Collectively,our findings demonstrate that OsPHB2 plays an important role in regulating growth,development,and salt stress responses in rice.
基金partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62293500,62293505,62233010,62503240)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20250679)。
摘要THE power industrial control system(power ICS)is thecore infrastructure that ensures the safe,stable,and efficient operation of power systems.Its architecture typi-cally adopts a hierarchical and partitioned end-edge-cloud collaborative design.However,the large-scale integration ofdistributed renewable energy resources,coupled with the extensivedeployment of sensing and communication devices,has resulted inthe new-type power system characterized by dynamic complexityand high uncertainty[1]-[4].
摘要The year 2026 marks the fifth anniversary of the establishment of the China-ASEAN Comprehensive Strategic Partnership.Since President Xi Jinping proposed jointly building a closer China-ASEAN community with a shared future in 2013,the initiative has evolved in both substance and depth,growing from concept to practice and from bilateral cooperation to multilateral cooperation.
基金funded by Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2023B1515120064)National Natural Science Foundation of China(62273097).
摘要Deep learning has become integral to robotics,particularly in tasks such as robotic grasping,where objects often exhibit diverse shapes,textures,and physical properties.In robotic grasping tasks,due to the diverse characteristics of the targets,frequent adjustments to the network architecture and parameters are required to avoid a decrease in model accuracy,which presents a significant challenge for non-experts.Neural Architecture Search(NAS)provides a compelling method through the automated generation of network architectures,enabling the discovery of models that achieve high accuracy through efficient search algorithms.Compared to manually designed networks,NAS methods can significantly reduce design costs,time expenditure,and improve model performance.However,such methods often involve complex topological connections,and these redundant structures can severely reduce computational efficiency.To overcome this challenge,this work puts forward a robotic grasp detection framework founded on NAS.The method automatically designs a lightweight network with high accuracy and low topological complexity,effectively adapting to the target object to generate the optimal grasp pose,thereby significantly improving the success rate of robotic grasping.Additionally,we use Class Activation Mapping(CAM)as an interpretability tool,which captures sensitive information during the perception process through visualized results.The searched model achieved competitive,and in some cases superior,performance on the Cornell and Jacquard public datasets,achieving accuracies of 98.3%and 96.8%,respectively,while sustaining a detection speed of 89 frames per second with only 0.41 million parameters.To further validate its effectiveness beyond benchmark evaluations,we conducted real-world grasping experiments on a UR5 robotic arm,where the model demonstrated reliable performance across diverse objects and high grasp success rates,thereby confirming its practical applicability in robotic manipulation tasks.
基金financially supported by the Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program (No.XLYC2403107)the Excellent Youth Science Foundation of Liaoning Province (No.2024JH3/10200046)the Basic Scientific Research Project of Liaoning Provincial Department of Education (No.LJ212410163015)。
摘要Despite demonstrating significant anti-tumor potential as an artemisinin derivative,artesunate faces delivery efficiency challenges due to low water solubility and insufficient targeting specificity.To improve the delivery efficiency,we engineered three artesunate(ART) derivatives,AC15-L(linear),AC15-B(branched),and AC15-C(cyclic) with distinct aliphatic chain architectures.Unexpectedly,we observed that AC15-C exhibited superior cytotoxicity against 4T1 breast cancer cells,and had the highest binding affinity for Lon protease 1(LONP1)(-72.6 kcal/mol).Subsequently,disulfide bond-containing lipid-PEG(DSPESS-PEG2K) modified chain architecture-engineered ART derivatives nanoassemblies(NAs) were developed to mitigate solubility-related limitations while enhancing targeting precision.Molecular docking and experimental validation demonstrated that ART derivatives inhibited LONP1 through hydrophobic interactions while preserved Fe2+-mediated Fenton-like reaction activity.In vitro and in vivo evaluations demonstrated that AC15-C NAs outperformed free ART and other NAs,suppressing 4T1 tumor growth via dual action:LONP1-directed mitochondrial proteostasis collapse and reactive oxygen species(ROS) amplification through Fe2+-ART interactions.This study elucidated a novel anti-tumor mechanism of ART through the rational design of derivatives with spatially configured aliphatic chains,and developed reductionresponsive NAs to provide an advanced delivery strategy.