In this paper, we first propose the maximum arc problem, normal rational curve conjecture, and extensions of normal rational curves over finite local rings, analogously to the finite geometry over finite fields. We th...In this paper, we first propose the maximum arc problem, normal rational curve conjecture, and extensions of normal rational curves over finite local rings, analogously to the finite geometry over finite fields. We then study the deep hole problem of generalized Reed-Solomon (RS) codes over finite local rings. Several different classes of deep holes are constructed. The relationship between finite geometry and deep holes of RS codes over finite local rings are also studied.展开更多
Projective Reed-Solomon code is an important class of maximal distance separable codes in reliable communication and deep holes play important roles in its decoding.In this paper,we obtain two classes of deep holes of...Projective Reed-Solomon code is an important class of maximal distance separable codes in reliable communication and deep holes play important roles in its decoding.In this paper,we obtain two classes of deep holes of projective Reed-Solomon codes over finite fields with even characteristic.That is,let Fq be finite field with even characteristic,k∈{2,q-2},and let u(x)be the Lagrange interpolation polynomial of the first q components of the received vector u∈Fq+1 q Suppose that the(q+1)-th component of u is 0,and u(x)=λxk+f≤k-2(x),λxq-2+f≤k-2(x),where λ∈F*q and f≤k-2(x)is a polynomial over Fq with degree no more than k-2.Then the received vector u is a deep hole of projective Reed-Solomon codes PRS(Fq,k).In fact,our result partially solved an open problem on deep holes of projective Reed-Solomon codes proposed by Wan in 2020.展开更多
This paper described a signal processor for the Reed-Solomon (R-S) code using micro-programming. For the purpose of fast encoding and decoding,a formula for detecting two errors is derived, and the Qian search method ...This paper described a signal processor for the Reed-Solomon (R-S) code using micro-programming. For the purpose of fast encoding and decoding,a formula for detecting two errors is derived, and the Qian search method for the decoding process is improved. The number of searches is significantly reduced from 256 to 4. At the same time, the circuit is simplified and the speed is increased. For the convenience of programming, a micro-programming compiling package is developed. The package can be used for programming of different formats of R-S code signal processors of DAB, MD and DCC. The software and the hardware can be used for error correcting, error detecting and error compensation of different formats of R-S code.展开更多
Aiming at the poor performance of the parity check(PC) aided adaptive successive cancellation list(PC-ASCL) decoding algorithm because the PC code in the polar code can only verify odd errors, an optimized parity chec...Aiming at the poor performance of the parity check(PC) aided adaptive successive cancellation list(PC-ASCL) decoding algorithm because the PC code in the polar code can only verify odd errors, an optimized parity check(OPC) code which can verify all odd errors as well as the half even errors is proposed. The OPC code is used to improve the PC-ASCL decoding algorithm, thus an OPC aided ASCL(OPC-ASCL) decoding algorithm is proposed. In the coding stage, the algorithm divides the information sequence into multiple segments, and places an OPC code at the end of each segment to verify the current information sequence, and places a cyclic redundancy check code at the end of the entire information sequence to verify the entire information sequence. In the decoding stage, the algorithm uses the OPC-ASCL decoder to decode. Simulation results show that compared to the PC-ASCL decoding algorithm, the OPC-ASCL decoding algorithm can reduce the complexity and obtain the certain performance gain.展开更多
Quantum error correction technology is based on the principle of redundant encoding,encoding logical quantum information into multiple physical qubits to provide important support for the stable operation of quantum c...Quantum error correction technology is based on the principle of redundant encoding,encoding logical quantum information into multiple physical qubits to provide important support for the stable operation of quantum computers.To address the issues of low decoding accuracy and limited feature extraction in quantum error correction,this paper proposes a toric code decoder based on a syndrome-preliminary error fusion module(SPEFM)and a ResNet architecture.This decoder takes full advantage of the correlations between X and Z errors.In the SPEFM,the syndrome and preliminary error predictions are deeply fused,while a unidirectional Swin transformer architecture is incorporated to extract global error features from the syndrome data,signiffiificantly improving both decoding accuracy and computational efffiificiency.In addition,this paper further extracts local error features from the fused features using the deep residual structure of ResNet,enhancing the decoder's ability to capture quantum error patterns.Experimental results show that the decoder is applicable to different code distances(d=4,6,8,10)under the depolarizing noise model.Its bit error rate is lower than that of the minimum weight perfect matching(MWPM)algorithm,and its logical error rate is lower than both the MWPM algorithm and the ResNet18 decoder.Furthermore,the decoding threshold is increased to 0.163,representing a 3.82%improvement over the MWPM algorithm threshold of 0.157.展开更多
The complexity of decoding the standard Reed-Solomon code is a well-known open problem in coding theory.The main problem is to compute the error distance of a received word.Using the Weil bound for character sum estim...The complexity of decoding the standard Reed-Solomon code is a well-known open problem in coding theory.The main problem is to compute the error distance of a received word.Using the Weil bound for character sum estimate,Li and Wan showed that the error distance can be determined when the degree of the received word as a polynomial is small.In the first part,the result of Li and Wan is improved.On the other hand,one of the important parameters of an error-correcting code is the dimension.In most cases,one can only get bounds for the dimension.In the second part,a formula for the dimension of the generalized trace Reed-Solomon codes in some cases is obtained.展开更多
The ultracold neutron(UCN)transport code,MCUCN,designed initially for simulating UCN transportation from a solid deuterium(SD_2)source and neutron electric dipole moment experiments,could not simulate UCN storage and ...The ultracold neutron(UCN)transport code,MCUCN,designed initially for simulating UCN transportation from a solid deuterium(SD_2)source and neutron electric dipole moment experiments,could not simulate UCN storage and transportation in a superfluid4He(SFHe,He-Ⅱ)source accurately.This limitation arose from the absence of an4He upscattering mechanism and the absorption of3He.And the provided source energy distribution in MCUCN is different from that in SFHe source.This study introduced enhancements to MCUCN to address these constraints,explicitly incorporating the4He upscattering effect,the absorption of3He,the loss caused by impurities on converter wall,UCN source energy distribution in SFHe,and the transmission through negative optical potential.Additionally,a Python-based visualization code for intermediate states and results was developed.To validate these enhancements,we systematically compared the simulation results of the Lujan Center Mark3 UCN system by MCUCN and the improved MCUCN code(iMCUCN)with UCNtransport simulations.Additionally,we compared the results of the SUN1 system simulated by MCUCN and iMCUCN with measurement results.The study demonstrates that iMCUCN effectively simulates the storage and transportation of ultracold neutrons in He-Ⅱ.展开更多
This paper presents a reliability-based code calibration procedure aimed at determining optimal partial safety factors to be employed in design rules for pultruded glass fibre-reinforced polymer(pGFRP)I-section beams,...This paper presents a reliability-based code calibration procedure aimed at determining optimal partial safety factors to be employed in design rules for pultruded glass fibre-reinforced polymer(pGFRP)I-section beams,susceptible to web-crippling,namely under end-two-flange(ETF)and interior-two-flange(ITF)loading cases with unfastened flanges.Following a comprehensive state-of-the-art literature overview regarding web-crippling of pGFRP beams,the description of a direct strength method(DSM)-based resistance model for the two web-crippling loading cases is presented.Next,attention is turned to the detailed description of the(structural)reliability-based code calibration procedure for both loading cases.This includes detailing all the necessary steps and pertinent data,encompassing the adopted probabilistic models for material prop-erties,loads,geometrical dimensions,and resistance model uncertainty.Then,the results obtained through the application of the code calibration procedure are presented,validated,and discussed.Lastly,the paper closes by presenting relevant concluding remarks,which include recommendations for the partial safety fac-tors to be applied in the resistance model for pGFRP I-beams under ETF and ITF loading cases.展开更多
In erasure-coded storage systems,updating data requires parity maintenance,which often leads to significant I/O amplification due to“write-after-read”operations.Furthermore,scattered parity placement increases disk ...In erasure-coded storage systems,updating data requires parity maintenance,which often leads to significant I/O amplification due to“write-after-read”operations.Furthermore,scattered parity placement increases disk seek overhead during repair,resulting in degraded system performance.To address these challenges,this paper proposes a Cognitive Update and Repair Method(CURM)that leverages machine learning to classify files into writeonly,read-only,and read-write categories,enabling tailored update and repair strategies.For write-only and read-write files,CURM employs a data-differencemechanism combined with fine-grained I/O scheduling to minimize redundant read operations and mitigate I/O amplification.For read-write files,CURM further reserves adjacent disk space near parity blocks,supporting parallel reads and reducing disk seek overhead during repair.We implement CURM in a prototype system,Cognitive Update and Repair File System(CURFS),and conduct extensive experiments using realworld Network File System(NFS)and Microsoft Research(MSR)workloads on a 25-node cluster.Experimental results demonstrate that CURMimproves data update throughput by up to 82.52%,reduces recovery time by up to 47.47%,and decreases long-term storage overhead by more than 15% compared to state-of-the-art methods including Full Logging(FL),ParityLogging(PL),ParityLoggingwithReservedspace(PLR),andPARIX.These results validate the effectiveness of CURM in enhancing both update and repair performance,providing a scalable and efficient solution for large-scale erasure-coded storage systems.展开更多
Karst landscapes are developed on soluble rocks(primarily limestone),covering about 10-15%of Earth’s ice-free land surface(Ford and Williams,2007).Their unique geological properties have given rise to complex,heterog...Karst landscapes are developed on soluble rocks(primarily limestone),covering about 10-15%of Earth’s ice-free land surface(Ford and Williams,2007).Their unique geological properties have given rise to complex,heterogeneous,and“island-like”habitats that,combined with periodic drought,high calcium,and lownutrient stresses,foster high species diversity and endemism(Clements et al.,2006;Hao et al.,2015;Oliver et al.,2017;Monro et al.,2018).These conditions make karst ecosystems ideal“natural laboratories”for studying speciation and adaptive evolution(Clements et al.,2006;Oliver et al.,2017).展开更多
This paper conducts an empirical study on students'code modification behaviors in incremental programming projects by analyzing 40771 code submissions from 371 students through abstract syntax tree(AST)difference ...This paper conducts an empirical study on students'code modification behaviors in incremental programming projects by analyzing 40771 code submissions from 371 students through abstract syntax tree(AST)difference analysis and manual annotation.The study investigates the distribution of code modification types to prior-phase code during iterative development,identifies cross-phase error types,and analyzes refactoring strategies.The findings reveal that error correction and code refactoring constitute the primary types of cross-phase code modifications.Among cross-phase latent errors,special case neglect represents the dominant error type,indicating insufficient coverage of special scenarios in existing test suites.Variable renaming emerges as the most prevalent refactoring behavior,reflecting students'emphasis on code readability.These research findings provide empirical evidence for optimizing incremental curriculum design,improving test cases,and cultivating students'code maintenance capabilities in programming education.展开更多
Theoretical and computational chemistry has profoundly impacted a wide range of disciplines,from chemistry and physics to biology and materials science.In recent years,remarkable advances in electronic structure theor...Theoretical and computational chemistry has profoundly impacted a wide range of disciplines,from chemistry and physics to biology and materials science.In recent years,remarkable advances in electronic structure theory,molecular dynamics,and machine learning methods——coupled with increasingly powerful algorithms and software—have equipped chemists with an unprecedented arsenal of tools to tackle complex chemical problems.展开更多
As artificial Intelligence(AI)continues to expand exponentially,particularly with the emergence of generative pre-trained transformers(GPT)based on a transformer’s architecture,which has revolutionized data processin...As artificial Intelligence(AI)continues to expand exponentially,particularly with the emergence of generative pre-trained transformers(GPT)based on a transformer’s architecture,which has revolutionized data processing and enabled significant improvements in various applications.This document seeks to investigate the security vulnerabilities detection in the source code using a range of large language models(LLM).Our primary objective is to evaluate the effectiveness of Static Application Security Testing(SAST)by applying various techniques such as prompt persona,structure outputs and zero-shot.To the selection of the LLMs(CodeLlama 7B,DeepSeek coder 7B,Gemini 1.5 Flash,Gemini 2.0 Flash,Mistral 7b Instruct,Phi 38b Mini 128K instruct,Qwen 2.5 coder,StartCoder 27B)with comparison and combination with Find Security Bugs.The evaluation method will involve using a selected dataset containing vulnerabilities,and the results to provide insights for different scenarios according to the software criticality(Business critical,non-critical,minimum effort,best effort)In detail,the main objectives of this study are to investigate if large language models outperform or exceed the capabilities of traditional static analysis tools,if the combining LLMs with Static Application Security Testing(SAST)tools lead to an improvement and the possibility that local machine learning models on a normal computer produce reliable results.Summarizing the most important conclusions of the research,it can be said that while it is true that the results have improved depending on the size of the LLM for business-critical software,the best results have been obtained by SAST analysis.This differs in“NonCritical,”“Best Effort,”and“Minimum Effort”scenarios,where the combination of LLM(Gemini)+SAST has obtained better results.展开更多
Mobile communications are reaching out to every aspect of our daily life,necessitating highefficiency data transmission and support for diverse data types and communication scenarios.Polar codes have emerged as a prom...Mobile communications are reaching out to every aspect of our daily life,necessitating highefficiency data transmission and support for diverse data types and communication scenarios.Polar codes have emerged as a promising solution due to their outstanding error-correction performance and low complexity.Unequal error protection(UEP)involves nonuniform error safeguarding for distinct data segments,achieving a fine balance between error resilience and resource allocation,which ultimately enhancing system performance and efficiency.In this paper,we propose a novel class of UEP rateless polar codes.The codes are designed based on matrix extension of polar codes,and elegant mapping and duplication operations are designed to achieve UEP property while preserving the overall performance of conventional polar codes.Superior UEP performance is attained without significant modifications to conventional polar codes,making it straightforward for compatibility with existing polar codes.A theoretical analysis is conducted on the block error rate and throughput efficiency performance.To the best of our knowledge,this work provides the first theoretical performance analysis of UEP rateless polar codes.Simulation results show that the proposed codes significantly outperform existing polar coding schemes in both block error rate and throughput efficiency.展开更多
We study the algebraic structures of a generalized class of quasi-cyclic codes of index two,and prove that any quasicyclic code of index two can be transformed into our proposed quasi-cyclic codes.We determine the gen...We study the algebraic structures of a generalized class of quasi-cyclic codes of index two,and prove that any quasicyclic code of index two can be transformed into our proposed quasi-cyclic codes.We determine the generator forms of the proposed quasi-cyclic codes and their Hermitian dual codes.We establish the necessary and sufficient conditions for Hermitian self-orthogonality and dual-containing property to construct quantum stabilizer codes via the Hermitian construction method.As an application,10 record-breaking quantum stabilizer codes are constructed.展开更多
基金The research of Jun Zhang was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11971321)by National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2018YFA0704703)The research of Haiyan Zhou was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12071221).
摘要In this paper, we first propose the maximum arc problem, normal rational curve conjecture, and extensions of normal rational curves over finite local rings, analogously to the finite geometry over finite fields. We then study the deep hole problem of generalized Reed-Solomon (RS) codes over finite local rings. Several different classes of deep holes are constructed. The relationship between finite geometry and deep holes of RS codes over finite local rings are also studied.
基金Supported by Foundation of Sichuan Tourism University(20SCTUTY01)Initial Scientific Research Fund of Doctors in Sichuan Tourism University。
摘要Projective Reed-Solomon code is an important class of maximal distance separable codes in reliable communication and deep holes play important roles in its decoding.In this paper,we obtain two classes of deep holes of projective Reed-Solomon codes over finite fields with even characteristic.That is,let Fq be finite field with even characteristic,k∈{2,q-2},and let u(x)be the Lagrange interpolation polynomial of the first q components of the received vector u∈Fq+1 q Suppose that the(q+1)-th component of u is 0,and u(x)=λxk+f≤k-2(x),λxq-2+f≤k-2(x),where λ∈F*q and f≤k-2(x)is a polynomial over Fq with degree no more than k-2.Then the received vector u is a deep hole of projective Reed-Solomon codes PRS(Fq,k).In fact,our result partially solved an open problem on deep holes of projective Reed-Solomon codes proposed by Wan in 2020.
摘要This paper described a signal processor for the Reed-Solomon (R-S) code using micro-programming. For the purpose of fast encoding and decoding,a formula for detecting two errors is derived, and the Qian search method for the decoding process is improved. The number of searches is significantly reduced from 256 to 4. At the same time, the circuit is simplified and the speed is increased. For the convenience of programming, a micro-programming compiling package is developed. The package can be used for programming of different formats of R-S code signal processors of DAB, MD and DCC. The software and the hardware can be used for error correcting, error detecting and error compensation of different formats of R-S code.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U21A20447 and 61971079)。
摘要Aiming at the poor performance of the parity check(PC) aided adaptive successive cancellation list(PC-ASCL) decoding algorithm because the PC code in the polar code can only verify odd errors, an optimized parity check(OPC) code which can verify all odd errors as well as the half even errors is proposed. The OPC code is used to improve the PC-ASCL decoding algorithm, thus an OPC aided ASCL(OPC-ASCL) decoding algorithm is proposed. In the coding stage, the algorithm divides the information sequence into multiple segments, and places an OPC code at the end of each segment to verify the current information sequence, and places a cyclic redundancy check code at the end of the entire information sequence to verify the entire information sequence. In the decoding stage, the algorithm uses the OPC-ASCL decoder to decode. Simulation results show that compared to the PC-ASCL decoding algorithm, the OPC-ASCL decoding algorithm can reduce the complexity and obtain the certain performance gain.
基金supported by the Joint Fund of the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China(Grant Nos.ZR2022LLZ012 and ZR2021LLZ001)the Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province,China(Grant No.2023CXGC010901)。
摘要Quantum error correction technology is based on the principle of redundant encoding,encoding logical quantum information into multiple physical qubits to provide important support for the stable operation of quantum computers.To address the issues of low decoding accuracy and limited feature extraction in quantum error correction,this paper proposes a toric code decoder based on a syndrome-preliminary error fusion module(SPEFM)and a ResNet architecture.This decoder takes full advantage of the correlations between X and Z errors.In the SPEFM,the syndrome and preliminary error predictions are deeply fused,while a unidirectional Swin transformer architecture is incorporated to extract global error features from the syndrome data,signiffiificantly improving both decoding accuracy and computational efffiificiency.In addition,this paper further extracts local error features from the fused features using the deep residual structure of ResNet,enhancing the decoder's ability to capture quantum error patterns.Experimental results show that the decoder is applicable to different code distances(d=4,6,8,10)under the depolarizing noise model.Its bit error rate is lower than that of the minimum weight perfect matching(MWPM)algorithm,and its logical error rate is lower than both the MWPM algorithm and the ResNet18 decoder.Furthermore,the decoding threshold is increased to 0.163,representing a 3.82%improvement over the MWPM algorithm threshold of 0.157.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.10990011)the Doctoral Program Foundation of Ministry of Education of China (No.20095134120001)the Sichuan Province Foundation of China (No. 09ZA087)
摘要The complexity of decoding the standard Reed-Solomon code is a well-known open problem in coding theory.The main problem is to compute the error distance of a received word.Using the Weil bound for character sum estimate,Li and Wan showed that the error distance can be determined when the degree of the received word as a polynomial is small.In the first part,the result of Li and Wan is improved.On the other hand,one of the important parameters of an error-correcting code is the dimension.In most cases,one can only get bounds for the dimension.In the second part,a formula for the dimension of the generalized trace Reed-Solomon codes in some cases is obtained.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2024YFE0110001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1932219)the Mobility Programme endorsed by the Joint Committee of the Sino-German Center(M0728)。
摘要The ultracold neutron(UCN)transport code,MCUCN,designed initially for simulating UCN transportation from a solid deuterium(SD_2)source and neutron electric dipole moment experiments,could not simulate UCN storage and transportation in a superfluid4He(SFHe,He-Ⅱ)source accurately.This limitation arose from the absence of an4He upscattering mechanism and the absorption of3He.And the provided source energy distribution in MCUCN is different from that in SFHe source.This study introduced enhancements to MCUCN to address these constraints,explicitly incorporating the4He upscattering effect,the absorption of3He,the loss caused by impurities on converter wall,UCN source energy distribution in SFHe,and the transmission through negative optical potential.Additionally,a Python-based visualization code for intermediate states and results was developed.To validate these enhancements,we systematically compared the simulation results of the Lujan Center Mark3 UCN system by MCUCN and the improved MCUCN code(iMCUCN)with UCNtransport simulations.Additionally,we compared the results of the SUN1 system simulated by MCUCN and iMCUCN with measurement results.The study demonstrates that iMCUCN effectively simulates the storage and transportation of ultracold neutrons in He-Ⅱ.
基金the Portuguese Founda-tion for Science and Technology(Fundação para a Ciência e Tec-nologia,FCT)(PTDC/ECI-EGC/3916/2021)for the financial supportsupported by the FCT through projects Laboratory of Energy,Transports and Aerospace(LAETA)Base Funding and LAETA Programatic Funding,Civil Engineering Research and Innovation for Sustainability(CERIS,UIDB/04625/2020)the Centre for Marine Technology and Ocean Engineering(CENTEC,UIDB/UIDP/00134/2020).
摘要This paper presents a reliability-based code calibration procedure aimed at determining optimal partial safety factors to be employed in design rules for pultruded glass fibre-reinforced polymer(pGFRP)I-section beams,susceptible to web-crippling,namely under end-two-flange(ETF)and interior-two-flange(ITF)loading cases with unfastened flanges.Following a comprehensive state-of-the-art literature overview regarding web-crippling of pGFRP beams,the description of a direct strength method(DSM)-based resistance model for the two web-crippling loading cases is presented.Next,attention is turned to the detailed description of the(structural)reliability-based code calibration procedure for both loading cases.This includes detailing all the necessary steps and pertinent data,encompassing the adopted probabilistic models for material prop-erties,loads,geometrical dimensions,and resistance model uncertainty.Then,the results obtained through the application of the code calibration procedure are presented,validated,and discussed.Lastly,the paper closes by presenting relevant concluding remarks,which include recommendations for the partial safety fac-tors to be applied in the resistance model for pGFRP I-beams under ETF and ITF loading cases.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62362019)the Natural Science Foundation of Hainan Province(Grant No.624RC482)the Hainan Provincial Higher Education Teaching Reform Research Project(Grant Hnjg2024-27).
摘要In erasure-coded storage systems,updating data requires parity maintenance,which often leads to significant I/O amplification due to“write-after-read”operations.Furthermore,scattered parity placement increases disk seek overhead during repair,resulting in degraded system performance.To address these challenges,this paper proposes a Cognitive Update and Repair Method(CURM)that leverages machine learning to classify files into writeonly,read-only,and read-write categories,enabling tailored update and repair strategies.For write-only and read-write files,CURM employs a data-differencemechanism combined with fine-grained I/O scheduling to minimize redundant read operations and mitigate I/O amplification.For read-write files,CURM further reserves adjacent disk space near parity blocks,supporting parallel reads and reducing disk seek overhead during repair.We implement CURM in a prototype system,Cognitive Update and Repair File System(CURFS),and conduct extensive experiments using realworld Network File System(NFS)and Microsoft Research(MSR)workloads on a 25-node cluster.Experimental results demonstrate that CURMimproves data update throughput by up to 82.52%,reduces recovery time by up to 47.47%,and decreases long-term storage overhead by more than 15% compared to state-of-the-art methods including Full Logging(FL),ParityLogging(PL),ParityLoggingwithReservedspace(PLR),andPARIX.These results validate the effectiveness of CURM in enhancing both update and repair performance,providing a scalable and efficient solution for large-scale erasure-coded storage systems.
基金equally funded by the Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U2571210)the Strategic Priority Research Program of Kunming Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences(KIBXD202401)+2 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(32471734)the Yuelushan Laboratory Breeding Projectthe Caiyun Postdoctoral Program of Yunnan Province。
摘要Karst landscapes are developed on soluble rocks(primarily limestone),covering about 10-15%of Earth’s ice-free land surface(Ford and Williams,2007).Their unique geological properties have given rise to complex,heterogeneous,and“island-like”habitats that,combined with periodic drought,high calcium,and lownutrient stresses,foster high species diversity and endemism(Clements et al.,2006;Hao et al.,2015;Oliver et al.,2017;Monro et al.,2018).These conditions make karst ecosystems ideal“natural laboratories”for studying speciation and adaptive evolution(Clements et al.,2006;Oliver et al.,2017).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62577007 and 92582204)。
摘要This paper conducts an empirical study on students'code modification behaviors in incremental programming projects by analyzing 40771 code submissions from 371 students through abstract syntax tree(AST)difference analysis and manual annotation.The study investigates the distribution of code modification types to prior-phase code during iterative development,identifies cross-phase error types,and analyzes refactoring strategies.The findings reveal that error correction and code refactoring constitute the primary types of cross-phase code modifications.Among cross-phase latent errors,special case neglect represents the dominant error type,indicating insufficient coverage of special scenarios in existing test suites.Variable renaming emerges as the most prevalent refactoring behavior,reflecting students'emphasis on code readability.These research findings provide empirical evidence for optimizing incremental curriculum design,improving test cases,and cultivating students'code maintenance capabilities in programming education.
摘要Theoretical and computational chemistry has profoundly impacted a wide range of disciplines,from chemistry and physics to biology and materials science.In recent years,remarkable advances in electronic structure theory,molecular dynamics,and machine learning methods——coupled with increasingly powerful algorithms and software—have equipped chemists with an unprecedented arsenal of tools to tackle complex chemical problems.
摘要As artificial Intelligence(AI)continues to expand exponentially,particularly with the emergence of generative pre-trained transformers(GPT)based on a transformer’s architecture,which has revolutionized data processing and enabled significant improvements in various applications.This document seeks to investigate the security vulnerabilities detection in the source code using a range of large language models(LLM).Our primary objective is to evaluate the effectiveness of Static Application Security Testing(SAST)by applying various techniques such as prompt persona,structure outputs and zero-shot.To the selection of the LLMs(CodeLlama 7B,DeepSeek coder 7B,Gemini 1.5 Flash,Gemini 2.0 Flash,Mistral 7b Instruct,Phi 38b Mini 128K instruct,Qwen 2.5 coder,StartCoder 27B)with comparison and combination with Find Security Bugs.The evaluation method will involve using a selected dataset containing vulnerabilities,and the results to provide insights for different scenarios according to the software criticality(Business critical,non-critical,minimum effort,best effort)In detail,the main objectives of this study are to investigate if large language models outperform or exceed the capabilities of traditional static analysis tools,if the combining LLMs with Static Application Security Testing(SAST)tools lead to an improvement and the possibility that local machine learning models on a normal computer produce reliable results.Summarizing the most important conclusions of the research,it can be said that while it is true that the results have improved depending on the size of the LLM for business-critical software,the best results have been obtained by SAST analysis.This differs in“NonCritical,”“Best Effort,”and“Minimum Effort”scenarios,where the combination of LLM(Gemini)+SAST has obtained better results.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62301008)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2022M720272)New Cornerstone Science Foundation through the XPLORER PRIZE。
摘要Mobile communications are reaching out to every aspect of our daily life,necessitating highefficiency data transmission and support for diverse data types and communication scenarios.Polar codes have emerged as a promising solution due to their outstanding error-correction performance and low complexity.Unequal error protection(UEP)involves nonuniform error safeguarding for distinct data segments,achieving a fine balance between error resilience and resource allocation,which ultimately enhancing system performance and efficiency.In this paper,we propose a novel class of UEP rateless polar codes.The codes are designed based on matrix extension of polar codes,and elegant mapping and duplication operations are designed to achieve UEP property while preserving the overall performance of conventional polar codes.Superior UEP performance is attained without significant modifications to conventional polar codes,making it straightforward for compatibility with existing polar codes.A theoretical analysis is conducted on the block error rate and throughput efficiency performance.To the best of our knowledge,this work provides the first theoretical performance analysis of UEP rateless polar codes.Simulation results show that the proposed codes significantly outperform existing polar coding schemes in both block error rate and throughput efficiency.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61372072)the Overseas Expertise Introduction Project for Discipline Innovation(111Project)(Grant No.B08038)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities。
摘要We study the algebraic structures of a generalized class of quasi-cyclic codes of index two,and prove that any quasicyclic code of index two can be transformed into our proposed quasi-cyclic codes.We determine the generator forms of the proposed quasi-cyclic codes and their Hermitian dual codes.We establish the necessary and sufficient conditions for Hermitian self-orthogonality and dual-containing property to construct quantum stabilizer codes via the Hermitian construction method.As an application,10 record-breaking quantum stabilizer codes are constructed.