Field-assisted diamond cutting technology is a significant machining method that utilizes external energy fields to enhance the manufacturing performance.However,aimed the emergence of advanced high-performance materi...Field-assisted diamond cutting technology is a significant machining method that utilizes external energy fields to enhance the manufacturing performance.However,aimed the emergence of advanced high-performance materials,traditional single-field-assisted machining struggles to meet stringent precision requirements.Therefore,this study introduces an innovative and unique multi-energy field-assisted ultra-precision machining technology,in-situ laser-magnetic dual-field assisted diamond cutting(LMDFDC),to transcend the limitations of conventional single-field-assisted cutting methods and advance the machinability of challenging materials,notably the multi-principal-element high-entropy alloy(HEA).To elucidate the fundamental science questions of“what occurs,what changes,and what improves”in this work,the phenomenological behaviors of the dual-field coupling interaction are systematically investigated through advanced characterization techniques,spanning macroscopic surface integrity to microscopic atomic arrangement.This comprehensive study encompasses integrated analyses of four machining techniques for HEA workpiece,namely dual-energy field,two single-energy fields,and no-energy field.The research results indicate that the dual-field coupling effect demonstrates a leap in manufacturing performance through thermo-magneto-mechanical multi-physical synergistic interactions,primarily manifested in improved surface quality,reduced subsurface damage,suppressed diamond tool wear,and enhanced material removal stability.The significance of in-situ LMDFDC technology resides in propelling frontier academic developments in multi-physics coupled manufacturing theories while uncovering innovative machining approaches for next-generation high-performance materials.展开更多
Since the introduction of advanced footwear technology(AFT),distance running performances have improved significantly,as evidenced by a series of world records and general improvements in both elite and recreational r...Since the introduction of advanced footwear technology(AFT),distance running performances have improved significantly,as evidenced by a series of world records and general improvements in both elite and recreational running performances.1 In their recent systematic review and meta-analysis,Stephen et al.2 synthesize evidence on how AFT as a whole,as well as longitudinal bending stiffness(LBS)and midsole energy return as key constructional features,affect running economy(RE)and ankle mechanics during running.2 Their systematic review demonstrates that AFT improves RE by∼2.7%at an average running speed of 14.5 km/h.In contrast,their synthesis of the currently available literature suggests that neither LBS nor energy return alone significantly improves oxygen consumption or alters ankle mechanics.The authors conclude that,instead,it is the interaction of these constructional features that drives relevant changes.展开更多
Granular agricultural products constitute a staple food source for over 70%global population,are recognized as a core component within the food processing chain,and are accorded significant economic importance in inte...Granular agricultural products constitute a staple food source for over 70%global population,are recognized as a core component within the food processing chain,and are accorded significant economic importance in international trade.Inadequate desiccation during harvest seasons is associated with the facilitation of mold proliferation,induction of germination processes,and acceleration of product deterioration.These outcomes are manifested through compromised food security and incurred economic losses.Nevertheless,the porous structural characteristics inherent to granular crops,combined with the stress fission challenges encountered during dehydration processes,render alternative methods such as solarization and hot air drying frequently inadequate for meeting crop-specific drying requirements.In this study,the implementation and relative merits of microwave and infrared drying technologies for granular crops have been systematically examined.Subsequently,the enhanced drying efficiency and quality parameters achieved through microwave-hot air,infrared-hot air,and infrared-microwave hybrid drying systems are quantitatively demonstrated in comparison with conventional single-mode drying approaches.A comprehensive synthesis is presented regarding experimental findings and research priorities associated with microwave-vacuum,far-infrared vacuum,and fluidized bed drying applications.The developmental potential of emerging desiccation technologies-including radio frequency,ohmic,and heat pump-based systems-was critically evaluated through the comparative analysis of dehydration kinetics,energy efficiency metrics,and product quality indices.A theoretical framework was established for optimizing the novel drying equipment and operational parameters.This systematic investigation contributes substantively to the realization of energy-efficient,low-carbon,and quality-preserving drying objectives,thereby providing crucial technical support for global food security initiatives and sustainable agricultural practices.展开更多
Lung cancer takes the lead in terms of global cancer incidence and mortality rates.5′-adenosine monophosphate(AMP)-activated protein kinase(AMPK)serves as a universally conserved energy sensor throughout evolution ch...Lung cancer takes the lead in terms of global cancer incidence and mortality rates.5′-adenosine monophosphate(AMP)-activated protein kinase(AMPK)serves as a universally conserved energy sensor throughout evolution checkpoint that orchestrates energy balance and metabolic homeostasis.However,AMPK activation has a complex,dual function in both the onset and advancement of lung cancer.Despite its protumorigenic effects,targeting AMPK with inhibitors to suppress cancer progression remains a critical area of research.An innovative high-content screening platform integrating small-molecule microarrays(SMMs)with oblique-incidence reflectivity difference(OI-RD)optical detection was established for AMPK inhibitor discovery.Alterations in the interfacial refractive index revealed that Ribavirin,an antiviral drug,has a high affinity for AMPK.Ribavirin binds directly to AMPK,suppressing its activation in mouse and human cells.By inhibiting AMPK phosphorylation,Ribavirin affects the downstream phosphorylation of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1(mTORC1)and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E(eIF4E)-binding protein 1(4EBP1),thereby regulating tumor cell proliferation and apoptosis.These results identify Ribavirin as a new AMPK inhibitor with potential utility in lung cancer therapy.展开更多
Ensuring the income stability of relocated households is essential for advancing rural revitalization and achieving common prosperity.While existing research has explored the impact of digital technology on income,few...Ensuring the income stability of relocated households is essential for advancing rural revitalization and achieving common prosperity.While existing research has explored the impact of digital technology on income,few studies have addressed how digital technology use affects income stability.To fill this gap,based on survey data from relocated households in 16 counties across 8 provincial-level regions in China,this study examines the impact of digital technology use on the income stability of relocated households using Ordinary Least Squares(OLS)and Propensity Score Matching(PSM).The results show that digital technology use improves both income and income stability,with stronger effects at higher levels of use.This impact is driven by better access to information acquisition and enhanced human capital.Additionally,digital technology helps stabilize the income of households facing downward volatility.The income stabilizing effect is particularly significant among relocated households in central regions,rural resettlement areas,and those with higher education levels.Furthermore,digital literacy amplifies the positive impact of digital technology on income stability.These findings offer valuable insights for policymakers aiming to promote digital technology use to ensure the income stability of relocated households and foster common prosperity.展开更多
Radar detection technology utilizes radio waves for target detection,localization,and identification.It involves emitting electromagnetic waves and receiving the reflected echoes from targets,then analyzing the echo c...Radar detection technology utilizes radio waves for target detection,localization,and identification.It involves emitting electromagnetic waves and receiving the reflected echoes from targets,then analyzing the echo characteristics to obtain target information.This paper focuses on the fundamental principles,advantages,and disadvantages of radar detection technology.It emphasizes synthetic aperture radar(SAR),passive radar detection technology seeker,and millimeter-wave active homing guidance target identification technology,as well as the characteristics and development status of other detection methods such as phased array radar,showcasing the multi-directional development trend of radar detection technology.展开更多
Market demand for cold storage systems,a critical component of modern cold-chain logistics,is rapidly expanding.Phase change cold technology offers a low-carbon route for energy savings in cold storage systems and is ...Market demand for cold storage systems,a critical component of modern cold-chain logistics,is rapidly expanding.Phase change cold technology offers a low-carbon route for energy savings in cold storage systems and is now a major research focus.This paper outlines the application of cold storage technology,systematically reviews the characteristics of three types of phase change materials(PCMs),and provides a comparative analysis of their advantages and disadvantages.It elaborates on key techniques for enhancing material properties and details the primary encapsulation strategies to address engineering challenges.This study categorizes cold storage systems into active and passive types,and identifies refrigeration units and external heat ingress as the primary sources of energy consumption.Based on this classification,three specific application scenarios for integrating PCMs into cold storage systems are clearly outlined.This study provides a comprehensive summary and analysis of the current development prospects and challenges of phase change cold storage technology.It proposes that future research should prioritize the development of high-performance PCMs,optimization of cold storage panel arrangements,and studies on system-level integration.展开更多
Backgrounds:South Korea is one of the world’s fastest-aging societies,facing significant challenges in maintaining healthcare quality and accessibility for its rapidly growing elderly population.This study extends th...Backgrounds:South Korea is one of the world’s fastest-aging societies,facing significant challenges in maintaining healthcare quality and accessibility for its rapidly growing elderly population.This study extends the Technology Acceptance Model(TAM)by integrating health empowerment to examine its influence on digital healthcare device adoption among Korean older adults.Specifically,this study aims to investigate how health empowerment is associated with perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use,and how these perceptions subsequently relate to attitude and intention to use digital healthcare devices.Methods:Data were collected from 342 Korean older adults.The analysis followed Anderson and Gerbing’s two-stage approach,utilizing structural equation modeling to first evaluate the measurement model and subsequently examine the hypothetical path sequences across health empowerment,perceived usefulness,perceived ease of use,attitude,and behavioral intention.Results:The measurement model demonstrated satisfactory fit.Path analysis revealed that health empowerment significantly predicted both perceived usefulness(β=0.58)and perceived ease of use(β=0.43).Both perceived usefulness(β=0.58)and perceived ease of use(β=0.14)were significantly associated with attitude,which in turn was significantly associated with behavioral intention(β=0.77).The direct path from perceived usefulness to behavioral intention was not statistically significant.Overall,the model explained 63%of the variance in intention to use,which is generally considered strong explanatory power.Conclusions:Integrating empowerment into the TAM framework highlights the significance of autonomy and self-efficacy in the adoption process.The findings suggest that empowerment plays an important role in shaping older adults’perceptions of digital health technologies and their intention to adopt such devices,providing a conceptual basis for developing empowerment-driven strategies to facilitate the integration of digital health technologies among ageing populations.展开更多
Reasonably controlling heat input is crucial for optimizing the weld quality of Mg alloys with thermal sensitivity.But it falls to meet diverse requirements of industrial welded structures.This study synchronously adj...Reasonably controlling heat input is crucial for optimizing the weld quality of Mg alloys with thermal sensitivity.But it falls to meet diverse requirements of industrial welded structures.This study synchronously adjusts welding current,voltage and speed with constant heat input to achieve further regulation on weld quality of Mg alloy thin plate welded joints.Increasing three parameters significantly expanded melting width and area,with a lower heat-affected zone under full penetration.And equiaxed grains gradually replaced columnar grains at the fusion line.More precipitate phases formed in the weld zone at the same time,inducing a greater hardness.Moreover,higher arc energy promoted recrystallization,weakening the crystallographic texture and internal stress of welded joints.Especially at a wire feed rate of 7 m/min,the subgrain boundary content and kernel average misorientation were far lower than other joints.Although these evolutions had minimal impacts on tensile strength,elongation and yield strength exhibited a fluctuating state that initially decrease then raise.A superior tensile behavior was achieved at a wire feed rate of 6 m/min.The findings highlight significant impacts of varying welding parameters on weld quality under constant heat input,offering new insights for optimizing Mg alloy welding to meet diverse structural needs.展开更多
Wafer-scale fabrication of high-performance microelectro-mechanical systems(MEMS)bio/chemical sensing chips remains constrained by the absence of reliable methods for integrating high-performance nanomaterials into su...Wafer-scale fabrication of high-performance microelectro-mechanical systems(MEMS)bio/chemical sensing chips remains constrained by the absence of reliable methods for integrating high-performance nanomaterials into suspended MEMS architectures.Here,a wafer-level manufacturing strategy is presented that redefines the MEMS process flow as“film first,cantilever later.”Through kinetically controlled self-assembly,wet-chemically synthesized Pd/SnO2nanospheres are transferred as dense,uniform monolithic films onto 8-inch wafers.An HfO2interface passivation patterning technology resolves long-standing incompatibility between functional sensing films and silicon substrates,enabling precise patterning and reliable integration on suspended MEMS cantilevers.The resulting Pd/SnO2MEMS H2 chips are fabricated onto an 8-inch wafer,demonstrating high sensitivity and consistency.This approach overcomes long-standing wafer-level manufacturing challenges in the formation and patterning of high-performance nanomaterials film,establishing a fully integrated wafer-level process that fundamentally redefines the manufacturing route for tetramethylammonium hydroxide-resistant nanomaterial-based MEMS sensing chips.展开更多
Microneedle(MN)technology has emerged as a transformative approach for treating ocular diseases,addressing the limitations of conventional drug delivery methods such as low bioavailability and poor patient compliance....Microneedle(MN)technology has emerged as a transformative approach for treating ocular diseases,addressing the limitations of conventional drug delivery methods such as low bioavailability and poor patient compliance.This review highlights the advancements and applications of MNs in managing both anterior and posterior segment ocular diseases.MNs overcome physiological barriers,enabling precise,minimally invasive drug delivery with enhanced efficacy.Various MN designs,such as solid,coated,soluble,hollow,hydrogel and cryo-MNs,are tailored for specific therapeutic needs,offering rapid or sustained drug release.Applications include treating keratitis,glaucoma,age-relatedmacular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy,demonstrating improved drug penetration and reduced side effects.Despite challenges in manufacturing and clinical translation,MN technology holds promise for revolutionizing ocular therapeutics through innovations in materials,design,and personalized medicine.展开更多
During the third United Nations(UN)Ocean Conference,the UN Educational,Scientific,and Cultural Organization(UNESCO)called for strengthening the global ocean observation network and utilizing citizen science to study m...During the third United Nations(UN)Ocean Conference,the UN Educational,Scientific,and Cultural Organization(UNESCO)called for strengthening the global ocean observation network and utilizing citizen science to study marine biodiversity.Coral reefs are ecosystems renowned for their exceptional ecological value,indispensable role in sustaining human societies,and inherent vulnerability to anthropogenic and climatic disturbances.展开更多
Laser-driven inertial confinement fusion(ICF)is an important experimental platform for high-energy-density physics research under extreme conditions.In ICF research,high-quality shock waves are key to fusion energy re...Laser-driven inertial confinement fusion(ICF)is an important experimental platform for high-energy-density physics research under extreme conditions.In ICF research,high-quality shock waves are key to fusion energy release.The velocity interferometer system for any reflector(VISAR)is the most important diagnostic technique for measuring quantities such as shock wave and particle velocities with high precision and high spatiotemporal resolution.This paper provides a detailed introduction to the various configurations of VISAR on 10 and 100 kJ-level laser facilities in China,including Line VISAR,Dual-Axis VISAR,Wide-Angle VISAR,and Compressed Ultrafast Photography-VISAR.Recent advances and applications of VISAR diagnostics at these laser facilities are presented,and the future trend of development of high-spatiotemporal-resolution velocity diagnostic technology is described.展开更多
The Sn−2Al filler metal was utilized to bond W90 tungsten heavy alloys by the ultrasonic-assisted coating technology in atmospheric environment at 250℃.The effects of ultrasonic power and ultrasonic time on microstru...The Sn−2Al filler metal was utilized to bond W90 tungsten heavy alloys by the ultrasonic-assisted coating technology in atmospheric environment at 250℃.The effects of ultrasonic power and ultrasonic time on microstructure and interfacial strength of Sn−2Al/W90 interface were investigated.The ultrasound improved the wettability of Sn−2Al filler metal on W90 surface.As the ultrasonic power increased and ultrasonic time increased,the size of Al phase in seam decreased.The maximum value of Sn−2Al/W90 interfacial strength reached 30.1 MPa.Based on the acoustic pressure simulation and bubble dynamics,the intensity of cavitation effect was proportional to ultrasonic power.The generated high temperature and high pressure by cavitation effect reached 83799.6 K and 1.26×1014 Pa,respectively.展开更多
Microfluidic technology,as an advanced experimental technique at the microscale,demonstrates significant potential for application in oil and gas reservoir development.By constructing microscopic models with varying p...Microfluidic technology,as an advanced experimental technique at the microscale,demonstrates significant potential for application in oil and gas reservoir development.By constructing microscopic models with varying pore structures and surface chemical properties,this technology can simulate fluid displacement behaviors in different types of reservoirs.Through the modification of fluid properties and displacement conditions in experiments,it allows for the quantitative analysis of fluid distribution characteristics during displacement processes.This provides valuable technical tools for studying the microscopic mechanisms of CO2 flooding,chemical flooding,and other enhanced oil/gas recovery techniques.This paper reviews the unique advantages of microfluidic technology in revealing pore-scale transport behaviors and optimizing development strategies,while also analyzing the current challenges associated with its application.With advancements in materials science and manufacturing technologies,microfluidic technology is expected to play an increasingly prominent role in reservoir development,offering new technical support for the efficient development of oil and gas reservoirs.展开更多
The performance of rail welded joints significantly affects the safety of railways.In this study,we compare the fatigue damage of U75V thermite welded joints(TWJs)and flash-butt welded joints(FWJs),and subsequently ex...The performance of rail welded joints significantly affects the safety of railways.In this study,we compare the fatigue damage of U75V thermite welded joints(TWJs)and flash-butt welded joints(FWJs),and subsequently explore the effect of laminar plasma quenching(LPQ)on the anti-wear and anti-fatigue properties of these two types of joints.The results indicate that LPQ reduced the wear of the FWJs by 78%-85%.Crack propagation in quenched thermite welded joints(QTJs)is observed to be controlled by the subsurface defect-initiated crack(SDIC)mechanism,whereas the crack propagation in quenched flash-butt welded joints(QFJs)involves two mechanisms:surface-originated fatigue crack(SOFC)and SDIC.Elemental fluctuations and changes in dislocation density account for the differences in wear mechanisms and fatigue damage between these two forms of quenched welded joints.展开更多
Dear Editor,We read with interest the article titled“Advances in the application of virtual reality technology in ophthalmic surgical skills training”[1].We congratulate the authors on their comprehensive review ...Dear Editor,We read with interest the article titled“Advances in the application of virtual reality technology in ophthalmic surgical skills training”[1].We congratulate the authors on their comprehensive review of an important and rapidly evolving topic:the use of virtual reality(VR)in cataract surgical training.We would like to expand on the discussion surrounding the“assessment of the cataract surgery training system’s effectiveness”.展开更多
Starting from the first principle thinking,this study systematically reviews the development mechanisms of gas reservoirs and proposes the development concept of“full life cycle enhanced gas recovery(EGR)”.Following...Starting from the first principle thinking,this study systematically reviews the development mechanisms of gas reservoirs and proposes the development concept of“full life cycle enhanced gas recovery(EGR)”.Following the principles of scientificity,practicality and comparability,a generational classification system for EGR technologies is established.The research indicates that the properties of natural gas dictate a development mechanism primarily driven by pressure depletion to release the elastic expansion energy of gas.This leads to a development model centered on primary depletion,supplemented by limited adjustments in late stages.Early development essentially lies in well pattern optimization and risk pre-control,while late development focuses on targeted local adjustments and integrated collaborative control.Primary gas recovery,relying on natural energy depletion,achieves a recovery factor of 25%–55%.Secondary gas recovery,through active regulation of the reservoir pressure field via techniques like blockage removal,and injection-production optimization,can enhance the recovery factor by 10–15 percentage points.Tertiary gas recovery,employing multiple mechanisms to alter the reservoir's physical and chemical fields synergistically,offers a potential further increase of 5–10 percentage points.Currently,primary recovery technologies are mature and well-established.Synergistic optimization of well patterns and fracture networks enables effective production from gas-drive reservoirs,while optimized development strategies facilitate orderly production from water-drive gas reservoirs.Secondary recovery technologies,in the field pilot stage currently,adopt active measures like enhanced water drainage,water shutoff,and gas injection to effectively control water influx and release trapped gas.Tertiary recovery remains largely in the laboratory or pilot test stage.Future efforts should focus on cross-generational technologies,such as“primary+secondary”and“primary+tertiary”combinations,to continuously improve recovery factors throughout the full lifecycle of gas reservoirs.展开更多
In recent years,microfluidic technology has emerged as a powerful and innovative tool,attracting significant attention for its ability to provide real-time visualization of CO2flow,mass transfer,and reaction proces...In recent years,microfluidic technology has emerged as a powerful and innovative tool,attracting significant attention for its ability to provide real-time visualization of CO2flow,mass transfer,and reaction processes in porous media.This review examines the application of microfluidic technology in CO2sequestration in saline aquifers,emphasizing the advantages of saline aquifer for geological sequestration,including safety,high storage capacity,stability,and cost-effectiveness.The materials used for microfluidic chips and the design of microchannels are systematically reviewed,offering forward-looking recommendations for chip selection and microchannel characterization in future research on CO2sequestration in saline aquifer.Based on a detailed analysis of advancements in microfluidic technology,this review highlights key findings related to CO2trapping mechanisms,salt precipitation,and CO2-water-rock chemical interactions within saline aquifers.Although microfluidic technology shows great promise in these areas,this review identifies limitations in current studies and outlines future research directions,aiming to promote further innovation and broader application of microfluidic technology in the field of CO2sequestration in saline aquifer.展开更多
Ultrasonic imaging technology(UIT) has emerged as a pivotal non-destructive detection method for lithium ion batteries(LIBs),addressing critical challenges in ensuring battery safety and performance.This review compre...Ultrasonic imaging technology(UIT) has emerged as a pivotal non-destructive detection method for lithium ion batteries(LIBs),addressing critical challenges in ensuring battery safety and performance.This review comprehensively explores the working principles of UIT, including ultrasonic reflection,refraction,and attenuation,and its applications in LIB inspection.It systematically elaborates on the advancements and applications of UIT for high-resolution imaging of electrode microstructures,realtime monitoring of electrolyte wetting and dry-out,and precise detection of defects such as lithium plating,gas evolution,and electrode delamination.We also discuss the non-invasive assessment of state-ofcharge and state-of-health of LIBs by correlating acoustic properties with structural changes during battery cycling.Comparative analyses highlight the superiority of UIT over traditional destructive methods and complementary technologies.Furthermore,this review rigorously examines the current challenges and future development prospects of UIT.Despite challenges in resolving nanoscale defects and adapting to complex battery architectures,UIT shows promise when integrated with AI-driven data analysis and advanced transducers.Finally,we also envision emerging applications of UIT in the broader renewable energy sector,aiming to provide scientific insights for optimizing manufacturing,lifecycle management,and safety assurance of the battery industry.展开更多
基金partially supported by the General Research Funds from the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region(HKSAR),China(Project Nos.:PolyU 15221322 and PolyU 15206824)Mainland-Hong Kong Joint Funding Scheme(MHKJFS)from Innovation and Technology Commission(ITC)of the Government of HKSAR(Project No.:MHP/051/22)+2 种基金The Special Funding for Jiangsu Province Innovation Support Program under Grant(BZ2023058)The authors would also like to express their sincere gratitude to the support from the State Key Laboratories in Hong Kong from the ITC of the Government of HKSARthe Research and Innovation Office of The Hong Kong Polytechnic University.
摘要Field-assisted diamond cutting technology is a significant machining method that utilizes external energy fields to enhance the manufacturing performance.However,aimed the emergence of advanced high-performance materials,traditional single-field-assisted machining struggles to meet stringent precision requirements.Therefore,this study introduces an innovative and unique multi-energy field-assisted ultra-precision machining technology,in-situ laser-magnetic dual-field assisted diamond cutting(LMDFDC),to transcend the limitations of conventional single-field-assisted cutting methods and advance the machinability of challenging materials,notably the multi-principal-element high-entropy alloy(HEA).To elucidate the fundamental science questions of“what occurs,what changes,and what improves”in this work,the phenomenological behaviors of the dual-field coupling interaction are systematically investigated through advanced characterization techniques,spanning macroscopic surface integrity to microscopic atomic arrangement.This comprehensive study encompasses integrated analyses of four machining techniques for HEA workpiece,namely dual-energy field,two single-energy fields,and no-energy field.The research results indicate that the dual-field coupling effect demonstrates a leap in manufacturing performance through thermo-magneto-mechanical multi-physical synergistic interactions,primarily manifested in improved surface quality,reduced subsurface damage,suppressed diamond tool wear,and enhanced material removal stability.The significance of in-situ LMDFDC technology resides in propelling frontier academic developments in multi-physics coupled manufacturing theories while uncovering innovative machining approaches for next-generation high-performance materials.
摘要Since the introduction of advanced footwear technology(AFT),distance running performances have improved significantly,as evidenced by a series of world records and general improvements in both elite and recreational running performances.1 In their recent systematic review and meta-analysis,Stephen et al.2 synthesize evidence on how AFT as a whole,as well as longitudinal bending stiffness(LBS)and midsole energy return as key constructional features,affect running economy(RE)and ankle mechanics during running.2 Their systematic review demonstrates that AFT improves RE by∼2.7%at an average running speed of 14.5 km/h.In contrast,their synthesis of the currently available literature suggests that neither LBS nor energy return alone significantly improves oxygen consumption or alters ankle mechanics.The authors conclude that,instead,it is the interaction of these constructional features that drives relevant changes.
摘要Granular agricultural products constitute a staple food source for over 70%global population,are recognized as a core component within the food processing chain,and are accorded significant economic importance in international trade.Inadequate desiccation during harvest seasons is associated with the facilitation of mold proliferation,induction of germination processes,and acceleration of product deterioration.These outcomes are manifested through compromised food security and incurred economic losses.Nevertheless,the porous structural characteristics inherent to granular crops,combined with the stress fission challenges encountered during dehydration processes,render alternative methods such as solarization and hot air drying frequently inadequate for meeting crop-specific drying requirements.In this study,the implementation and relative merits of microwave and infrared drying technologies for granular crops have been systematically examined.Subsequently,the enhanced drying efficiency and quality parameters achieved through microwave-hot air,infrared-hot air,and infrared-microwave hybrid drying systems are quantitatively demonstrated in comparison with conventional single-mode drying approaches.A comprehensive synthesis is presented regarding experimental findings and research priorities associated with microwave-vacuum,far-infrared vacuum,and fluidized bed drying applications.The developmental potential of emerging desiccation technologies-including radio frequency,ohmic,and heat pump-based systems-was critically evaluated through the comparative analysis of dehydration kinetics,energy efficiency metrics,and product quality indices.A theoretical framework was established for optimizing the novel drying equipment and operational parameters.This systematic investigation contributes substantively to the realization of energy-efficient,low-carbon,and quality-preserving drying objectives,thereby providing crucial technical support for global food security initiatives and sustainable agricultural practices.
基金supported by the China National Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.:82473940).
摘要Lung cancer takes the lead in terms of global cancer incidence and mortality rates.5′-adenosine monophosphate(AMP)-activated protein kinase(AMPK)serves as a universally conserved energy sensor throughout evolution checkpoint that orchestrates energy balance and metabolic homeostasis.However,AMPK activation has a complex,dual function in both the onset and advancement of lung cancer.Despite its protumorigenic effects,targeting AMPK with inhibitors to suppress cancer progression remains a critical area of research.An innovative high-content screening platform integrating small-molecule microarrays(SMMs)with oblique-incidence reflectivity difference(OI-RD)optical detection was established for AMPK inhibitor discovery.Alterations in the interfacial refractive index revealed that Ribavirin,an antiviral drug,has a high affinity for AMPK.Ribavirin binds directly to AMPK,suppressing its activation in mouse and human cells.By inhibiting AMPK phosphorylation,Ribavirin affects the downstream phosphorylation of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1(mTORC1)and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E(eIF4E)-binding protein 1(4EBP1),thereby regulating tumor cell proliferation and apoptosis.These results identify Ribavirin as a new AMPK inhibitor with potential utility in lung cancer therapy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(72141307)the Central Publicinterest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund+3 种基金China(Y2024QC16)the Guizhou Philosophy and Social Science Planning ProjectChina(24GZYB36)the 2115 Talent Development Program of China Agricultural University。
摘要Ensuring the income stability of relocated households is essential for advancing rural revitalization and achieving common prosperity.While existing research has explored the impact of digital technology on income,few studies have addressed how digital technology use affects income stability.To fill this gap,based on survey data from relocated households in 16 counties across 8 provincial-level regions in China,this study examines the impact of digital technology use on the income stability of relocated households using Ordinary Least Squares(OLS)and Propensity Score Matching(PSM).The results show that digital technology use improves both income and income stability,with stronger effects at higher levels of use.This impact is driven by better access to information acquisition and enhanced human capital.Additionally,digital technology helps stabilize the income of households facing downward volatility.The income stabilizing effect is particularly significant among relocated households in central regions,rural resettlement areas,and those with higher education levels.Furthermore,digital literacy amplifies the positive impact of digital technology on income stability.These findings offer valuable insights for policymakers aiming to promote digital technology use to ensure the income stability of relocated households and foster common prosperity.
摘要Radar detection technology utilizes radio waves for target detection,localization,and identification.It involves emitting electromagnetic waves and receiving the reflected echoes from targets,then analyzing the echo characteristics to obtain target information.This paper focuses on the fundamental principles,advantages,and disadvantages of radar detection technology.It emphasizes synthetic aperture radar(SAR),passive radar detection technology seeker,and millimeter-wave active homing guidance target identification technology,as well as the characteristics and development status of other detection methods such as phased array radar,showcasing the multi-directional development trend of radar detection technology.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52274252)the Science and Technology Program of Hunan Provincial Department of Transportation,China(No.202513).
摘要Market demand for cold storage systems,a critical component of modern cold-chain logistics,is rapidly expanding.Phase change cold technology offers a low-carbon route for energy savings in cold storage systems and is now a major research focus.This paper outlines the application of cold storage technology,systematically reviews the characteristics of three types of phase change materials(PCMs),and provides a comparative analysis of their advantages and disadvantages.It elaborates on key techniques for enhancing material properties and details the primary encapsulation strategies to address engineering challenges.This study categorizes cold storage systems into active and passive types,and identifies refrigeration units and external heat ingress as the primary sources of energy consumption.Based on this classification,three specific application scenarios for integrating PCMs into cold storage systems are clearly outlined.This study provides a comprehensive summary and analysis of the current development prospects and challenges of phase change cold storage technology.It proposes that future research should prioritize the development of high-performance PCMs,optimization of cold storage panel arrangements,and studies on system-level integration.
基金supported by the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Korea and the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF-2024S1A5C3A02043877).
摘要Backgrounds:South Korea is one of the world’s fastest-aging societies,facing significant challenges in maintaining healthcare quality and accessibility for its rapidly growing elderly population.This study extends the Technology Acceptance Model(TAM)by integrating health empowerment to examine its influence on digital healthcare device adoption among Korean older adults.Specifically,this study aims to investigate how health empowerment is associated with perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use,and how these perceptions subsequently relate to attitude and intention to use digital healthcare devices.Methods:Data were collected from 342 Korean older adults.The analysis followed Anderson and Gerbing’s two-stage approach,utilizing structural equation modeling to first evaluate the measurement model and subsequently examine the hypothetical path sequences across health empowerment,perceived usefulness,perceived ease of use,attitude,and behavioral intention.Results:The measurement model demonstrated satisfactory fit.Path analysis revealed that health empowerment significantly predicted both perceived usefulness(β=0.58)and perceived ease of use(β=0.43).Both perceived usefulness(β=0.58)and perceived ease of use(β=0.14)were significantly associated with attitude,which in turn was significantly associated with behavioral intention(β=0.77).The direct path from perceived usefulness to behavioral intention was not statistically significant.Overall,the model explained 63%of the variance in intention to use,which is generally considered strong explanatory power.Conclusions:Integrating empowerment into the TAM framework highlights the significance of autonomy and self-efficacy in the adoption process.The findings suggest that empowerment plays an important role in shaping older adults’perceptions of digital health technologies and their intention to adopt such devices,providing a conceptual basis for developing empowerment-driven strategies to facilitate the integration of digital health technologies among ageing populations.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52275338,52305362).
摘要Reasonably controlling heat input is crucial for optimizing the weld quality of Mg alloys with thermal sensitivity.But it falls to meet diverse requirements of industrial welded structures.This study synchronously adjusts welding current,voltage and speed with constant heat input to achieve further regulation on weld quality of Mg alloy thin plate welded joints.Increasing three parameters significantly expanded melting width and area,with a lower heat-affected zone under full penetration.And equiaxed grains gradually replaced columnar grains at the fusion line.More precipitate phases formed in the weld zone at the same time,inducing a greater hardness.Moreover,higher arc energy promoted recrystallization,weakening the crystallographic texture and internal stress of welded joints.Especially at a wire feed rate of 7 m/min,the subgrain boundary content and kernel average misorientation were far lower than other joints.Although these evolutions had minimal impacts on tensile strength,elongation and yield strength exhibited a fluctuating state that initially decrease then raise.A superior tensile behavior was achieved at a wire feed rate of 6 m/min.The findings highlight significant impacts of varying welding parameters on weld quality under constant heat input,offering new insights for optimizing Mg alloy welding to meet diverse structural needs.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2020YFB2008701).
摘要Wafer-scale fabrication of high-performance microelectro-mechanical systems(MEMS)bio/chemical sensing chips remains constrained by the absence of reliable methods for integrating high-performance nanomaterials into suspended MEMS architectures.Here,a wafer-level manufacturing strategy is presented that redefines the MEMS process flow as“film first,cantilever later.”Through kinetically controlled self-assembly,wet-chemically synthesized Pd/SnO2nanospheres are transferred as dense,uniform monolithic films onto 8-inch wafers.An HfO2interface passivation patterning technology resolves long-standing incompatibility between functional sensing films and silicon substrates,enabling precise patterning and reliable integration on suspended MEMS cantilevers.The resulting Pd/SnO2MEMS H2 chips are fabricated onto an 8-inch wafer,demonstrating high sensitivity and consistency.This approach overcomes long-standing wafer-level manufacturing challenges in the formation and patterning of high-performance nanomaterials film,establishing a fully integrated wafer-level process that fundamentally redefines the manufacturing route for tetramethylammonium hydroxide-resistant nanomaterial-based MEMS sensing chips.
基金supported by the Program for Shanghai High-Level Local University Innovation Team(SZY20220315,China)Shanghai Sailing Program(23YF1447300,China).
摘要Microneedle(MN)technology has emerged as a transformative approach for treating ocular diseases,addressing the limitations of conventional drug delivery methods such as low bioavailability and poor patient compliance.This review highlights the advancements and applications of MNs in managing both anterior and posterior segment ocular diseases.MNs overcome physiological barriers,enabling precise,minimally invasive drug delivery with enhanced efficacy.Various MN designs,such as solid,coated,soluble,hollow,hydrogel and cryo-MNs,are tailored for specific therapeutic needs,offering rapid or sustained drug release.Applications include treating keratitis,glaucoma,age-relatedmacular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy,demonstrating improved drug penetration and reduced side effects.Despite challenges in manufacturing and clinical translation,MN technology holds promise for revolutionizing ocular therapeutics through innovations in materials,design,and personalized medicine.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42090041,42030502,and 42406143)Guangxi Science and Technology Program(AD25069075)+1 种基金Guangxi Natural Science Foundation(2025GXNSFBA069587)the Guangxi Youth Talent Training Program.
摘要During the third United Nations(UN)Ocean Conference,the UN Educational,Scientific,and Cultural Organization(UNESCO)called for strengthening the global ocean observation network and utilizing citizen science to study marine biodiversity.Coral reefs are ecosystems renowned for their exceptional ecological value,indispensable role in sustaining human societies,and inherent vulnerability to anthropogenic and climatic disturbances.
基金supported by the National Key Laboratory of Plasma Physics,Laser Fusion Research Center,China Academy of Engineering Physics under the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12127810 and 12475242).
摘要Laser-driven inertial confinement fusion(ICF)is an important experimental platform for high-energy-density physics research under extreme conditions.In ICF research,high-quality shock waves are key to fusion energy release.The velocity interferometer system for any reflector(VISAR)is the most important diagnostic technique for measuring quantities such as shock wave and particle velocities with high precision and high spatiotemporal resolution.This paper provides a detailed introduction to the various configurations of VISAR on 10 and 100 kJ-level laser facilities in China,including Line VISAR,Dual-Axis VISAR,Wide-Angle VISAR,and Compressed Ultrafast Photography-VISAR.Recent advances and applications of VISAR diagnostics at these laser facilities are presented,and the future trend of development of high-spatiotemporal-resolution velocity diagnostic technology is described.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52105330,52175307)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China(No.ZR2023JQ021)。
摘要The Sn−2Al filler metal was utilized to bond W90 tungsten heavy alloys by the ultrasonic-assisted coating technology in atmospheric environment at 250℃.The effects of ultrasonic power and ultrasonic time on microstructure and interfacial strength of Sn−2Al/W90 interface were investigated.The ultrasound improved the wettability of Sn−2Al filler metal on W90 surface.As the ultrasonic power increased and ultrasonic time increased,the size of Al phase in seam decreased.The maximum value of Sn−2Al/W90 interfacial strength reached 30.1 MPa.Based on the acoustic pressure simulation and bubble dynamics,the intensity of cavitation effect was proportional to ultrasonic power.The generated high temperature and high pressure by cavitation effect reached 83799.6 K and 1.26×1014 Pa,respectively.
基金funded by the Key Science Foundation of Laboratory of Marine Oil&Gas Reservoirs Production,Sinopec(33550000-22-ZC0613-0332).
摘要Microfluidic technology,as an advanced experimental technique at the microscale,demonstrates significant potential for application in oil and gas reservoir development.By constructing microscopic models with varying pore structures and surface chemical properties,this technology can simulate fluid displacement behaviors in different types of reservoirs.Through the modification of fluid properties and displacement conditions in experiments,it allows for the quantitative analysis of fluid distribution characteristics during displacement processes.This provides valuable technical tools for studying the microscopic mechanisms of CO2 flooding,chemical flooding,and other enhanced oil/gas recovery techniques.This paper reviews the unique advantages of microfluidic technology in revealing pore-scale transport behaviors and optimizing development strategies,while also analyzing the current challenges associated with its application.With advancements in materials science and manufacturing technologies,microfluidic technology is expected to play an increasingly prominent role in reservoir development,offering new technical support for the efficient development of oil and gas reservoirs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52388102,52478474,52472458,and U23A20666)the Major Program of Sichuan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.2025NSFTD0013,2024NSFSC0003,and 2025YFHZ0035).
摘要The performance of rail welded joints significantly affects the safety of railways.In this study,we compare the fatigue damage of U75V thermite welded joints(TWJs)and flash-butt welded joints(FWJs),and subsequently explore the effect of laminar plasma quenching(LPQ)on the anti-wear and anti-fatigue properties of these two types of joints.The results indicate that LPQ reduced the wear of the FWJs by 78%-85%.Crack propagation in quenched thermite welded joints(QTJs)is observed to be controlled by the subsurface defect-initiated crack(SDIC)mechanism,whereas the crack propagation in quenched flash-butt welded joints(QFJs)involves two mechanisms:surface-originated fatigue crack(SOFC)and SDIC.Elemental fluctuations and changes in dislocation density account for the differences in wear mechanisms and fatigue damage between these two forms of quenched welded joints.
摘要Dear Editor,We read with interest the article titled“Advances in the application of virtual reality technology in ophthalmic surgical skills training”[1].We congratulate the authors on their comprehensive review of an important and rapidly evolving topic:the use of virtual reality(VR)in cataract surgical training.We would like to expand on the discussion surrounding the“assessment of the cataract surgery training system’s effectiveness”.
基金Supported by Fundamental and Forward-Looking Science and Technology Special Project of PetroChina(2026ZZ001,2024DJ86)Science and Technology Special Project of Oil&Gas and New Energy Company of PetroChina(2023YQX10501)。
摘要Starting from the first principle thinking,this study systematically reviews the development mechanisms of gas reservoirs and proposes the development concept of“full life cycle enhanced gas recovery(EGR)”.Following the principles of scientificity,practicality and comparability,a generational classification system for EGR technologies is established.The research indicates that the properties of natural gas dictate a development mechanism primarily driven by pressure depletion to release the elastic expansion energy of gas.This leads to a development model centered on primary depletion,supplemented by limited adjustments in late stages.Early development essentially lies in well pattern optimization and risk pre-control,while late development focuses on targeted local adjustments and integrated collaborative control.Primary gas recovery,relying on natural energy depletion,achieves a recovery factor of 25%–55%.Secondary gas recovery,through active regulation of the reservoir pressure field via techniques like blockage removal,and injection-production optimization,can enhance the recovery factor by 10–15 percentage points.Tertiary gas recovery,employing multiple mechanisms to alter the reservoir's physical and chemical fields synergistically,offers a potential further increase of 5–10 percentage points.Currently,primary recovery technologies are mature and well-established.Synergistic optimization of well patterns and fracture networks enables effective production from gas-drive reservoirs,while optimized development strategies facilitate orderly production from water-drive gas reservoirs.Secondary recovery technologies,in the field pilot stage currently,adopt active measures like enhanced water drainage,water shutoff,and gas injection to effectively control water influx and release trapped gas.Tertiary recovery remains largely in the laboratory or pilot test stage.Future efforts should focus on cross-generational technologies,such as“primary+secondary”and“primary+tertiary”combinations,to continuously improve recovery factors throughout the full lifecycle of gas reservoirs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U23A20671 and 12302344)the Creative Groups of Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province,China(Grant No.2021CFA030).
摘要In recent years,microfluidic technology has emerged as a powerful and innovative tool,attracting significant attention for its ability to provide real-time visualization of CO2flow,mass transfer,and reaction processes in porous media.This review examines the application of microfluidic technology in CO2sequestration in saline aquifers,emphasizing the advantages of saline aquifer for geological sequestration,including safety,high storage capacity,stability,and cost-effectiveness.The materials used for microfluidic chips and the design of microchannels are systematically reviewed,offering forward-looking recommendations for chip selection and microchannel characterization in future research on CO2sequestration in saline aquifer.Based on a detailed analysis of advancements in microfluidic technology,this review highlights key findings related to CO2trapping mechanisms,salt precipitation,and CO2-water-rock chemical interactions within saline aquifers.Although microfluidic technology shows great promise in these areas,this review identifies limitations in current studies and outlines future research directions,aiming to promote further innovation and broader application of microfluidic technology in the field of CO2sequestration in saline aquifer.
基金Science and Technology Department of Zhejiang Province(Grant No.2023C01231)Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(Grant No.LD25E020003,LQ23E020009)+7 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52372235,U20A20253,22379020,22279116)Key Scientific Research Project of Hangzhou(Grant No.2024SzD1B12)State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies(Grant No.FZ2024009)Science and Technology Project of Huzhou(Grant No.2024GZ02)National Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(Grant No.2024NSFSC0951)Zhejiang Provincial Postdoctoral Research Project(Grant No.ZJ2023080)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2024M750347)Key Laboratory of Engineering Dielectrics and Its Application(Harbin University of Science and Technology),Ministry of Education(Grant No.KFM 202303)。
摘要Ultrasonic imaging technology(UIT) has emerged as a pivotal non-destructive detection method for lithium ion batteries(LIBs),addressing critical challenges in ensuring battery safety and performance.This review comprehensively explores the working principles of UIT, including ultrasonic reflection,refraction,and attenuation,and its applications in LIB inspection.It systematically elaborates on the advancements and applications of UIT for high-resolution imaging of electrode microstructures,realtime monitoring of electrolyte wetting and dry-out,and precise detection of defects such as lithium plating,gas evolution,and electrode delamination.We also discuss the non-invasive assessment of state-ofcharge and state-of-health of LIBs by correlating acoustic properties with structural changes during battery cycling.Comparative analyses highlight the superiority of UIT over traditional destructive methods and complementary technologies.Furthermore,this review rigorously examines the current challenges and future development prospects of UIT.Despite challenges in resolving nanoscale defects and adapting to complex battery architectures,UIT shows promise when integrated with AI-driven data analysis and advanced transducers.Finally,we also envision emerging applications of UIT in the broader renewable energy sector,aiming to provide scientific insights for optimizing manufacturing,lifecycle management,and safety assurance of the battery industry.