Conventional cathode material (LiCoO2) was modified by coating with a thin layer of La2O3/Li2O/TiO2 for improving its performance for lithium ion battery. The morphology and structure of the modified cathode materia...Conventional cathode material (LiCoO2) was modified by coating with a thin layer of La2O3/Li2O/TiO2 for improving its performance for lithium ion battery. The morphology and structure of the modified cathode material was characterized by SEM, XRD, and Auger electron spectroscopy. The performance of the cells with the modified cathode material was examined, including the cycling stability, the diffusion coefficient under different voltages, and the C-rate discharge. The results showed that the cell composed of the coated cathode material discharged at a large current density, and possesses a stable cycle performance in the range from 3.0 to 4.4 V. It was explained that the rate of Li ion diffusion increased in the cell while using La2O3/Li2O/TiO2-coated LiCoO2 as the cathode and the coating layer may act as a faster ion conductor (La2O3/Li2O/TiO2).展开更多
Commercial cathode material (LiCoO2) was modified by coating with a thin layer of SrO/Li2O/La2O3/Ta2O5/TiO2 for improving its performance in lithium ion battery. The morphology and structure of the modified cathode ...Commercial cathode material (LiCoO2) was modified by coating with a thin layer of SrO/Li2O/La2O3/Ta2O5/TiO2 for improving its performance in lithium ion battery. The morphology and structure of the modified cathode material were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The performance including cycling stability, diffusion coefficient under different voltage, C-rate discharge of the batteries with this modified cathode material was examined. The results showed that the battery with the coated cathode material could discharge at a large current density, and it possessed a stable cycle performance in the range from 3.0 V to 4.2 V. It was explained that the rate of Li ion diffusion increased in the batteries using SrO/Li2O/La2O3/Ta2O5/TiO2-coated LiCoO2 as the cathode and the coated layer could act as a fast ion conductor (SrO/Li2O/La2O3/Ta2O5/TiO2) and as a protecting shell to prevent LiCoO2particles from being attacked by the acidic electrolyte.展开更多
Synergistic interplays involving multiple active centers originating from TiO2 nanotube layers(TNT)and ruthenium(Ru)species comprising of both single atoms(SAs)and nanoparticles(NPs)augment the alkaline hydrogen evolu...Synergistic interplays involving multiple active centers originating from TiO2 nanotube layers(TNT)and ruthenium(Ru)species comprising of both single atoms(SAs)and nanoparticles(NPs)augment the alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)by enhancing Volmer kinetics from rapid water dissociation and improving Tafel kinetics from efficient H*desorption.Atomic layer deposition of Ru with 50 process cycles results in a mixture of Ru SAs and 2.8-0.4 nm NPs present on TNT layers,and it emerges with the highest HER activity among all the electrodes synthesized.A detailed study of the Ti and Ru species using different high-resolution techniques confirmed the presence of Ti3+states and the coexistence of Ru SAs and NPs.With insights from literature,the role of Ti3+,appropriate work functions of TNT layers and Ru,and the synergistic effect of Ru SAs and Ru NPs in improving the performance of alkaline HER were elaborated and justified.The aforementioned characteristics led to a remarkable performance by having 9mV onset potentials and 33 mV dec-1 of Tafel slopes and a higher turnover frequency of 1.72 H2 s-1 at 30 mV.Besides,a notable stability from 28 h staircase chronopotentiometric measurements for TNT@Ru surpasses TNT@Pt in comparison.展开更多
TiO2-coated SnO2 (TCS) hollow spheres, which are new anode materials for lithium ion (Li-ion) batteries, were prepared and characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transm...TiO2-coated SnO2 (TCS) hollow spheres, which are new anode materials for lithium ion (Li-ion) batteries, were prepared and characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and galvanostatic charge/discharge tests. The results obtained from XRD, SEM, and TEM show that TiO2 can be uniforrrdy coated on the surface of SnO2 hollow spheres with the assistance of anionic surfactant. The cyclic voltammograms indicate that both TiO2 and SnO2 exhibit the activity for Li-ion storage. The charge/discharge tests show that the prepared TCS hollow spheres have a higher reversible coulomb efficiency and a better cycling stability than the uncoated SnO2 hollow spheres.展开更多
TiO2-coated activated carbon surface (TAs) composites were prepared by a sol-gel method with supercritical pretreatment. The photocatalytic degradation of acid yellow (AY) was investigated under UV radiation to es...TiO2-coated activated carbon surface (TAs) composites were prepared by a sol-gel method with supercritical pretreatment. The photocatalytic degradation of acid yellow (AY) was investigated under UV radiation to estimate activity of catalysts and determine the kinetics. And the effects of parameters including the initial concentration of AY, light intensity and TiO2 content in catalysts were examined. The results indicate that TAs has a higher efficiency in decomposition of AY than P25, pure TiO2 particles as well as the mixture of TiO2 powder and active carbon. The photocatalytic degradation rate is found to follow the pseudo-first order kinetics with respect to the AY concentration. The new kinetic model fairly resembles the classic Langmuir-Hinshelwood equation, and the rate constant is proportional to the square root of the light intensity in a wide range. However, its absorption performance depends on the surface areas of catalysts. The model fits quite well with the experimental data and elucidates phenomena about the effects of the TiO2 content in TAs on the degradation rate.展开更多
Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) with ZnO spin-coated TiO2 photo-electrodes are compared to DSSC with a bare TiO2 photo-electrode. It is demonstrated that the deposited ZnO of controlled amount, by varying the precu...Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) with ZnO spin-coated TiO2 photo-electrodes are compared to DSSC with a bare TiO2 photo-electrode. It is demonstrated that the deposited ZnO of controlled amount, by varying the precursor concentration in the coating sol, can indeed enhance the performance of the DSSC. The measured power conversion efficiency shows a maximum around the precursor concentration 0.1 M and falls down sharply to 0% beyond this point. The results are interpreted on the basis of two competing factors: At ZnO concentrations less than 0.1 M, the formation of an energy barrier increases the photocurrent by reducing the rate of interfacial back-recombination. At ZnO concentrations greater than 0.1 M, the screening of the TiO2 film by thicker ZnO layers decreases the photocurrent through the reduction of TiO2 dye-adsorption efficiency.展开更多
The anti-bacterial adhesion properties of TiO2-coated polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) surfaces are investigated systematically. In detail, the adhesion of S. aureus (gram positive) and E. coli (gram negative) to ...The anti-bacterial adhesion properties of TiO2-coated polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) surfaces are investigated systematically. In detail, the adhesion of S. aureus (gram positive) and E. coli (gram negative) to TiO2-coated and uncoated PMMA surfaces are performed by the plate counting method. Afterwards, the adhesion free energy of bacteria on both supporting materials is quantified using the thermodynamic approach of Lifshitz van der Waals and acid/base interactions. The superior anti-adhesion capability of TiO2-coated PMMA is demonstrated when compared to native PMMA, both experimentally and theoretically.展开更多
The core-shell structured TiO2/SiO2 @Fe3O4 photocatalysts were prepared using Fe3O4 as magnetic core,tetraethoxysilane(TEOS) as silica source and tetrabutyl titanate(TBOT) as titanium sources.The as-obtained struc...The core-shell structured TiO2/SiO2 @Fe3O4 photocatalysts were prepared using Fe3O4 as magnetic core,tetraethoxysilane(TEOS) as silica source and tetrabutyl titanate(TBOT) as titanium sources.The as-obtained structure was composed of a SiO2@Fe3O4 core and a porous TiO2 shell.The diameter of SiO2@Fe3O4 core was about 205 nm with thickness of porous TiO2 of about 5-6 nm.The 9%TiO2/6%SiO2@Fe3O4 microspheres possess the highest BET surface area and the BJH pore volume,which are 373.5 m2.g-1 and 0.28 cm3.g-1,respectively.The 9%TiO2/6%SiO2@Fe3O4 photocatalyst exhibited an excellent performance for the degradation of methyl orange and methylene blue dyes.Two different dyes were completely decolorized in 60 min under UV irradiation.The photocatalytic activity and the amount of catalyst were almost not decrease after recycling for 6 times by using external magnetic field.展开更多
Growth of single-crystal Sn O_2 nanowires using a fluorine-doped Sn O_2(FTO) thin film as both the source and substrate is demonstrated for the first time at relatively low temperature(580 °C) which preserves the...Growth of single-crystal Sn O_2 nanowires using a fluorine-doped Sn O_2(FTO) thin film as both the source and substrate is demonstrated for the first time at relatively low temperature(580 °C) which preserves the integrity of the underlying glass support and improves scalability to devices. Furthermore, a microwave hydrothermal process is shown to grow Ti O_2 nanorods on these nanowires to create a hierarchical nanoheterostructure that will lead to efficient photogenerated charge carrier separation and rapid transport of electrons to the substrate. This process simplifies nanowire growth by using commercially available and widely used FTO substrates without the need for an additional upstream Sn source and can be used as a high surface area host structure to many other hierarchical structures.展开更多
For the first time the preparation of the N-doped TiO2-coated NaY zeolite membrane(N-doped TiO2/NaY zeolite membrane) as an electrode material for photoelectrocatalysis has been achieved and reported.The XRD, SEM, U...For the first time the preparation of the N-doped TiO2-coated NaY zeolite membrane(N-doped TiO2/NaY zeolite membrane) as an electrode material for photoelectrocatalysis has been achieved and reported.The XRD, SEM, UV–vis and XPS techniques were used to characterize the structure of the N-doped TiO2/NaY zeolite membrane. The results verified that the surface of the N-doped TiO2/NaY zeolite membrane was coated by TiO2 nanoparticles of ca. 20 nm size and exhibited a distinct red-shift in the UV–vis spectra compared to N-doped TiO2. The photoelectrocatalysis performance of the N-doped TiO2/NaY zeolite membrane electrode was evaluated by phenol degradation. The results revealed it is a promising novel electrode material for application of photoelectrocatalysis in the removal of organic contaminants in waste water.展开更多
Several lithium-ion batteries of 18650-type were assembled with pristine or Al2O3-coated LiNi0.4Co0.2Mn0.4O2(NCM) as cathode material and mesocarbon microbeads(MCMB) as anode material.The cycling performance of th...Several lithium-ion batteries of 18650-type were assembled with pristine or Al2O3-coated LiNi0.4Co0.2Mn0.4O2(NCM) as cathode material and mesocarbon microbeads(MCMB) as anode material.The cycling performance of the batteries was examined under 25 °C at a 2C rate within a potential range of 2.75―4.20 V.The changes of the crystal structure,the lattice parameter,the mean crystallite size,and the mean micro-strain of pristine NCM and Al2O3-coated NCM during the charge-discharge cycling were determined by X-ray diffraction(XRD).The results indicate that the bulk structure of Al2O3-coated NCM is more stable than that of pristine NCM,which leads to the better cycling performance of Al2O3-coated NCM compared to that of pristine NCM.展开更多
TiO2 nanotubes on Ti metal surface were prepared by the electrochemical anodization method. Then, nanosilver was deposited onto the nanotubes by the electroless dip coating and the anodization. The obtained TiO2 nanot...TiO2 nanotubes on Ti metal surface were prepared by the electrochemical anodization method. Then, nanosilver was deposited onto the nanotubes by the electroless dip coating and the anodization. The obtained TiO2 nanotubes were examined by using scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, cyclic voltammetry, and UV–Vis. The electrochemical band gap(Eg^CV) of the nanosilver-coated TiO2 nanotubes prepared by the anodization was found as 1.54 eV. Using the UV–Vis measurements, the optical band gap energy(Eg^op.) was calculated as 1.51 eV for the Ag/TiO2 nanotubes obtained by electroless dip coating. The electrical conductivity of the TiO2 nanotubes also increased from 3.0 × 10^-4 to 34.7 S/cm after nano Ag deposition by the anodization method.These Ag/TiO2 nanotubes with low band gap and high electrical conductivity are desirable for the applications in electronics, Li-ion batteries, and solar cells.展开更多
基金Key Program Project of Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (06105562)
摘要Conventional cathode material (LiCoO2) was modified by coating with a thin layer of La2O3/Li2O/TiO2 for improving its performance for lithium ion battery. The morphology and structure of the modified cathode material was characterized by SEM, XRD, and Auger electron spectroscopy. The performance of the cells with the modified cathode material was examined, including the cycling stability, the diffusion coefficient under different voltages, and the C-rate discharge. The results showed that the cell composed of the coated cathode material discharged at a large current density, and possesses a stable cycle performance in the range from 3.0 to 4.4 V. It was explained that the rate of Li ion diffusion increased in the cell while using La2O3/Li2O/TiO2-coated LiCoO2 as the cathode and the coating layer may act as a faster ion conductor (La2O3/Li2O/TiO2).
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,China (06105562)the Foundation of Manyang Bureau of Sci-ence and Technology,China (07Y003-1)
摘要Commercial cathode material (LiCoO2) was modified by coating with a thin layer of SrO/Li2O/La2O3/Ta2O5/TiO2 for improving its performance in lithium ion battery. The morphology and structure of the modified cathode material were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The performance including cycling stability, diffusion coefficient under different voltage, C-rate discharge of the batteries with this modified cathode material was examined. The results showed that the battery with the coated cathode material could discharge at a large current density, and it possessed a stable cycle performance in the range from 3.0 V to 4.2 V. It was explained that the rate of Li ion diffusion increased in the batteries using SrO/Li2O/La2O3/Ta2O5/TiO2-coated LiCoO2 as the cathode and the coated layer could act as a fast ion conductor (SrO/Li2O/La2O3/Ta2O5/TiO2) and as a protecting shell to prevent LiCoO2particles from being attacked by the acidic electrolyte.
基金support from the European Union Horizon 2020 program(project HERMES,nr.952184)the Ministry of Education,Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic for supporting CEMNAT(LM2023037)+1 种基金Czech-NanoLab(LM2023051)infrastructures for providing ALD,SEM,EDX,XPS,TEM,and XRDCzech Science Foundation(project 23-08019X,EXPRO).
摘要Synergistic interplays involving multiple active centers originating from TiO2 nanotube layers(TNT)and ruthenium(Ru)species comprising of both single atoms(SAs)and nanoparticles(NPs)augment the alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)by enhancing Volmer kinetics from rapid water dissociation and improving Tafel kinetics from efficient H*desorption.Atomic layer deposition of Ru with 50 process cycles results in a mixture of Ru SAs and 2.8-0.4 nm NPs present on TNT layers,and it emerges with the highest HER activity among all the electrodes synthesized.A detailed study of the Ti and Ru species using different high-resolution techniques confirmed the presence of Ti3+states and the coexistence of Ru SAs and NPs.With insights from literature,the role of Ti3+,appropriate work functions of TNT layers and Ru,and the synergistic effect of Ru SAs and Ru NPs in improving the performance of alkaline HER were elaborated and justified.The aforementioned characteristics led to a remarkable performance by having 9mV onset potentials and 33 mV dec-1 of Tafel slopes and a higher turnover frequency of 1.72 H2 s-1 at 30 mV.Besides,a notable stability from 28 h staircase chronopotentiometric measurements for TNT@Ru surpasses TNT@Pt in comparison.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.20873046)the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of HigherEducation (No.200805740004)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (No.10351063101000001)
摘要TiO2-coated SnO2 (TCS) hollow spheres, which are new anode materials for lithium ion (Li-ion) batteries, were prepared and characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and galvanostatic charge/discharge tests. The results obtained from XRD, SEM, and TEM show that TiO2 can be uniforrrdy coated on the surface of SnO2 hollow spheres with the assistance of anionic surfactant. The cyclic voltammograms indicate that both TiO2 and SnO2 exhibit the activity for Li-ion storage. The charge/discharge tests show that the prepared TCS hollow spheres have a higher reversible coulomb efficiency and a better cycling stability than the uncoated SnO2 hollow spheres.
基金Project(50802034) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(11A093) supported by the Key Project Foundation by the Education Department of Hunan Province,China
摘要TiO2-coated activated carbon surface (TAs) composites were prepared by a sol-gel method with supercritical pretreatment. The photocatalytic degradation of acid yellow (AY) was investigated under UV radiation to estimate activity of catalysts and determine the kinetics. And the effects of parameters including the initial concentration of AY, light intensity and TiO2 content in catalysts were examined. The results indicate that TAs has a higher efficiency in decomposition of AY than P25, pure TiO2 particles as well as the mixture of TiO2 powder and active carbon. The photocatalytic degradation rate is found to follow the pseudo-first order kinetics with respect to the AY concentration. The new kinetic model fairly resembles the classic Langmuir-Hinshelwood equation, and the rate constant is proportional to the square root of the light intensity in a wide range. However, its absorption performance depends on the surface areas of catalysts. The model fits quite well with the experimental data and elucidates phenomena about the effects of the TiO2 content in TAs on the degradation rate.
摘要Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) with ZnO spin-coated TiO2 photo-electrodes are compared to DSSC with a bare TiO2 photo-electrode. It is demonstrated that the deposited ZnO of controlled amount, by varying the precursor concentration in the coating sol, can indeed enhance the performance of the DSSC. The measured power conversion efficiency shows a maximum around the precursor concentration 0.1 M and falls down sharply to 0% beyond this point. The results are interpreted on the basis of two competing factors: At ZnO concentrations less than 0.1 M, the formation of an energy barrier increases the photocurrent by reducing the rate of interfacial back-recombination. At ZnO concentrations greater than 0.1 M, the screening of the TiO2 film by thicker ZnO layers decreases the photocurrent through the reduction of TiO2 dye-adsorption efficiency.
基金Supported by the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University (PCSIR0818)Health Ministry Foundation of China (WKJ2005-2-003)Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province (2008H0089 and 2009J01025)
摘要The anti-bacterial adhesion properties of TiO2-coated polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) surfaces are investigated systematically. In detail, the adhesion of S. aureus (gram positive) and E. coli (gram negative) to TiO2-coated and uncoated PMMA surfaces are performed by the plate counting method. Afterwards, the adhesion free energy of bacteria on both supporting materials is quantified using the thermodynamic approach of Lifshitz van der Waals and acid/base interactions. The superior anti-adhesion capability of TiO2-coated PMMA is demonstrated when compared to native PMMA, both experimentally and theoretically.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21173018,20473009)
摘要The core-shell structured TiO2/SiO2 @Fe3O4 photocatalysts were prepared using Fe3O4 as magnetic core,tetraethoxysilane(TEOS) as silica source and tetrabutyl titanate(TBOT) as titanium sources.The as-obtained structure was composed of a SiO2@Fe3O4 core and a porous TiO2 shell.The diameter of SiO2@Fe3O4 core was about 205 nm with thickness of porous TiO2 of about 5-6 nm.The 9%TiO2/6%SiO2@Fe3O4 microspheres possess the highest BET surface area and the BJH pore volume,which are 373.5 m2.g-1 and 0.28 cm3.g-1,respectively.The 9%TiO2/6%SiO2@Fe3O4 photocatalyst exhibited an excellent performance for the degradation of methyl orange and methylene blue dyes.Two different dyes were completely decolorized in 60 min under UV irradiation.The photocatalytic activity and the amount of catalyst were almost not decrease after recycling for 6 times by using external magnetic field.
基金funded by a NASA Space Technology Research Fellowshipa Facilities Grant from the Institute for Materials Research(IMR)at The Ohio State University
摘要Growth of single-crystal Sn O_2 nanowires using a fluorine-doped Sn O_2(FTO) thin film as both the source and substrate is demonstrated for the first time at relatively low temperature(580 °C) which preserves the integrity of the underlying glass support and improves scalability to devices. Furthermore, a microwave hydrothermal process is shown to grow Ti O_2 nanorods on these nanowires to create a hierarchical nanoheterostructure that will lead to efficient photogenerated charge carrier separation and rapid transport of electrons to the substrate. This process simplifies nanowire growth by using commercially available and widely used FTO substrates without the need for an additional upstream Sn source and can be used as a high surface area host structure to many other hierarchical structures.
基金supported by the Talent Introduction Fund of Yangzhou University(2012),Jiangsu Province Science and Technology Support Project(No.BE2014613)Six Big Peak Talent in Jiangsu Province(No.2014-XCL-013)the Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions
摘要For the first time the preparation of the N-doped TiO2-coated NaY zeolite membrane(N-doped TiO2/NaY zeolite membrane) as an electrode material for photoelectrocatalysis has been achieved and reported.The XRD, SEM, UV–vis and XPS techniques were used to characterize the structure of the N-doped TiO2/NaY zeolite membrane. The results verified that the surface of the N-doped TiO2/NaY zeolite membrane was coated by TiO2 nanoparticles of ca. 20 nm size and exhibited a distinct red-shift in the UV–vis spectra compared to N-doped TiO2. The photoelectrocatalysis performance of the N-doped TiO2/NaY zeolite membrane electrode was evaluated by phenol degradation. The results revealed it is a promising novel electrode material for application of photoelectrocatalysis in the removal of organic contaminants in waste water.
基金Supported by the Project of Shanghai Committee of Science and Technology,China(Nos.1052nm00100,09ZR1437600)
摘要Several lithium-ion batteries of 18650-type were assembled with pristine or Al2O3-coated LiNi0.4Co0.2Mn0.4O2(NCM) as cathode material and mesocarbon microbeads(MCMB) as anode material.The cycling performance of the batteries was examined under 25 °C at a 2C rate within a potential range of 2.75―4.20 V.The changes of the crystal structure,the lattice parameter,the mean crystallite size,and the mean micro-strain of pristine NCM and Al2O3-coated NCM during the charge-discharge cycling were determined by X-ray diffraction(XRD).The results indicate that the bulk structure of Al2O3-coated NCM is more stable than that of pristine NCM,which leads to the better cycling performance of Al2O3-coated NCM compared to that of pristine NCM.
基金supported by Sakarya University with Project No. BAPK-2012-50-01-018
摘要TiO2 nanotubes on Ti metal surface were prepared by the electrochemical anodization method. Then, nanosilver was deposited onto the nanotubes by the electroless dip coating and the anodization. The obtained TiO2 nanotubes were examined by using scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, cyclic voltammetry, and UV–Vis. The electrochemical band gap(Eg^CV) of the nanosilver-coated TiO2 nanotubes prepared by the anodization was found as 1.54 eV. Using the UV–Vis measurements, the optical band gap energy(Eg^op.) was calculated as 1.51 eV for the Ag/TiO2 nanotubes obtained by electroless dip coating. The electrical conductivity of the TiO2 nanotubes also increased from 3.0 × 10^-4 to 34.7 S/cm after nano Ag deposition by the anodization method.These Ag/TiO2 nanotubes with low band gap and high electrical conductivity are desirable for the applications in electronics, Li-ion batteries, and solar cells.