We perform85Rb nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)measurements on the S=1 bilayer triangular-lattice antiferromagnet Rb2Ni2(SeO3)3in magnetic fields up to26 T.In the field range from 3 to26 T,the NMR ...We perform85Rb nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)measurements on the S=1 bilayer triangular-lattice antiferromagnet Rb2Ni2(SeO3)3in magnetic fields up to26 T.In the field range from 3 to26 T,the NMR spectral lines split,and their respective spectral weight ratios reveal the existence of the magnetic up-up-down(UUD)phase,although the 1/3-plateau phase is only attained in fields above 16 T.展开更多
As an important index to measure the degree of entanglement in quantum systems,concurrence plays an important role in practical research.In this paper,we study the concurrence between two qubits in triangular triple q...As an important index to measure the degree of entanglement in quantum systems,concurrence plays an important role in practical research.In this paper,we study the concurrence between two qubits in triangular triple quantum dot structure.Through calculation and simulation,it is found that concurrence is mainly affected by the interdot coupling strength t,Coulomb interactionU,temperature T,and electrode coupling G.Through comparative studies with parallel triple quantum dot structures,we demonstrate that the triangular geometry exhibits significantly enhanced concurrence under identical conditions.In addition,under the condition that concurrence exceeds 0.9,the functional relationship between t and U is obtained through simulation,which provides theoretical support for quantum dot regulation under high entanglement.Finally,we demonstrate the feasibility of implementing a three-qubit quantum gate,using the Toffoli gate as a representative example,under the condition that the triangular triple quantum dot system maintains high entanglement.展开更多
Separated flow at a blunt base remains a critical topic in both automotive and aerospace engineering,particularly in the context of high-speed and supersonic vehicles such as modern fighter aircraft.In the separated r...Separated flow at a blunt base remains a critical topic in both automotive and aerospace engineering,particularly in the context of high-speed and supersonic vehicles such as modern fighter aircraft.In the separated region,characterized by a recirculation zone,the local pressure is typically lower than the ambient back pressure.This reduced base pressure can account for up to 70 percent of the total drag acting on an axisymmetric body.The present study focuses on regulating the base pressure within the recirculation region to reduce base drag and thereby enhance the operational range of rockets,missiles,and related aerospace vehicles.The analysis considers key inertial and geometric parameters,including a Mach number of M=1.8,different expansion levels,an area ratio of 6.25,and duct lengths ranging from L/D=1 to 6.A triangular rib is introduced as a passive flow-control device to modulate the pressure within the duct.In the numerical simulations,the rib base is fixed at 3 mm,while its height varies from 1 mm to 5 mm.The results indicate that increasing the rib height enhances the base pressure,with the largest height producing the greatest pressure rise.A rib height of 3 mm is sufficient to raise the base pressure close to the back pressure.For applications requiring a more substantial increase in base pressure,ribs with heights of 4 or 5 mm are recommended,depending on mission constraints.Optimal performance is achieved when the rib is positioned at L/D=3 or 4,where the maximum pressure gain is observed.展开更多
Inspired by the recent discovery of metallic spin supersolidity and its giant magnetocaloric effect in the rareearth alloy EuCo2Al9,we perform a combined study through electronic structure analysis,effective spi...Inspired by the recent discovery of metallic spin supersolidity and its giant magnetocaloric effect in the rareearth alloy EuCo2Al9,we perform a combined study through electronic structure analysis,effective spin model construction,and Monte Carlo simulations on a stacked triangular lattice(STL),and reveal a novel mechanism for the emergence of 3D spin supersolid in a metallic antiferromagnet.From first-principles inputs,we derive a minimal spin model on a STL,which arises from the interplay between Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida and dipolar interactions and accurately reproduces the experimental thermodynamics.Based on the STL model,we identify a ground state that simultaneously breaks discrete lattice translational symmetry and continuous spinrotational symmetry--the hallmark of a spin supersolid.Furthermore,we present the field-temperature phase diagram of the 3D STL model and discuss the various magnetic phases and associated phase transitions.Under zero field,the spin supersolid Y order establishes in two steps:an upper transition at TN1,where an emergent U(1)symmetry appears and the system enters a fluctuating collinear regime,followed by a lower transition at TN2into the spin supersolid Y phase.In contrast,the supersolid V phase undergoes a single phase transition at T.Our results not only provide a comprehensive theoretical understanding of the metallic spin supersolid reported for EuCo2Al9but also pave the way for further experimental investigations into its supersolid transitions and universality class.展开更多
Fractal assembly in discrete structures,especially for artificial supramolecular species,has attracted significantly increased interest over the past two decades.In this study,we present the precisely controlled fract...Fractal assembly in discrete structures,especially for artificial supramolecular species,has attracted significantly increased interest over the past two decades.In this study,we present the precisely controlled fractal expanding synthesis of a novel triangular prism supramolecule featuring Sierpiński triangular face,which was achieved through a module-intervened self-expansion strategy.The homoleptic S1 was firstly synthesized through the assembly of ligand L1 with Zn2+ions.Based on the triangular-faced prism S1,we further introduced Sierpiński triangular faces on the section of the heteroleptic supramolecular cage S2 with an expanded inner cavity and more abundant active sites for photocatalytic properties.The topotactic architectures for both S1 and S2 were fully characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy,high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry,transmission electron microscopy,and atomic force microscopy.Furthermore,the enhanced photocatalytic activity of the fractal expanded S2 was performed via the superior amine oxidative efficiency over S1.This study proposes the unprecedented fractal expanding strategy for three-dimensional supramolecular species with higher complexity,potentially opening new avenues for structural regulation of artificial fractal molecules.展开更多
We examine the discrete Laplacian acting on a triangular lattice,introducing long-range perturbations to both the metric and the potential.Our goal is to establish a Limiting Absorption Principle away from possible em...We examine the discrete Laplacian acting on a triangular lattice,introducing long-range perturbations to both the metric and the potential.Our goal is to establish a Limiting Absorption Principle away from possible embedded eigenvalues.Our study relies on a positive commutator technique.展开更多
Thiswork explores aMagnetohydrodynamic(MHD)flowin a triangular cavitywith a thermally insulated baffle.Enclosure’s inclined wall is hotter,whereas the vertical border is adiabatic and the bottom is cooler.The study a...Thiswork explores aMagnetohydrodynamic(MHD)flowin a triangular cavitywith a thermally insulated baffle.Enclosure’s inclined wall is hotter,whereas the vertical border is adiabatic and the bottom is cooler.The study aims to clarify how geometric changes affect thermal performance and offers new perspectives on how to improve heat dissipation mechanisms.A COMSOL Multiphysics version 6.2 has been used to solve numerical solutions.Streamlines and thermal distributions are examined systematically in order to understand how the unique geometry and baffle size of triangular cavities can influence the fluid flow.This influence can result in optimized flow patterns,promoting efficient heat transfer by directing the fluid to specific areas that require more cooling.In comparison with conventional designs,this optimization results in more efficient convective heat transfer,which raises cooling efficiency and lowers thermal resistance.Furthermore,by strengthening heat transfer characteristics in heat transfer systems,these geometries increase thermal efficiency,which helps several sectors,including the production of electricity,HVAC,and the automobile industry.展开更多
A spin supersolid is characterized by the simultaneous breaking of lattice translation and continuous spin rotation symmetries.In this work,we study a spin-1 model with U(2)≌SU(2)×U(1)/Z2symmetry on the trian...A spin supersolid is characterized by the simultaneous breaking of lattice translation and continuous spin rotation symmetries.In this work,we study a spin-1 model with U(2)≌SU(2)×U(1)/Z2symmetry on the triangular lattice,and determine the phase diagram with a variational CP2approach.We identify a novel supersolid phase which contains a 3-sublattice solid order and a superfluid order with spontaneous SU(2)-symmetry breaking.Unlike usual supersolid phases having only one Goldstone mode,the SU(2)-supersolid phase has two Goldstone modes.Another important feature of this supersolid is that the spin excitation spectrum has symmetry protected double degeneracy in the whole Brillouin zone.As by-products,several other ordered phases are obtained,including the ferromagnetic and the antiferromagnetic states breaking the SU(2)symmetry,as well as genuine phases that completely break the U(2)symmetry.Furthermore,the instabilities of SU(3)-flavor linear spin-wave theory are consistent with the phase boundaries between different ordered phases.展开更多
In this paper,we identify conditions on the change of rings to induce functors between the two pure derived(resp.,pure singularity)categories.Then we construct recollements of pure derived categories and pure singular...In this paper,we identify conditions on the change of rings to induce functors between the two pure derived(resp.,pure singularity)categories.Then we construct recollements of pure derived categories and pure singularity categories for a formal triangular matrix ring,respectively.As an application,we study the pure global dimension of a formal triangular matrix ring.展开更多
Surface irregularities,such as hills and ridges,can significantly amplify ground motion caused by earthquakes.Therefore,in this study,we propose an analytical solution model to investigate the interaction between an a...Surface irregularities,such as hills and ridges,can significantly amplify ground motion caused by earthquakes.Therefore,in this study,we propose an analytical solution model to investigate the interaction between an asymmetric triangular hill on Earth and SH waves.Firstly,based on the development of wave functions and regional matching techniques,we introduce a semi-circular artificial auxiliary boundary,dividing the solution model into a semi-infinite body containing a semi-circular depression and an asymmetric fan-shaped region.Secondly,we derive the domain function form applicable to solving asymmetric problems.Utilizing the theory of complex variables,we establish a well-posed matrix for solving domain functions within the same coordinate system.Numerical results demonstrate that the scattering of SH waves by a protuberance is jointly influenced by the geometric parameters of the hill and the angle of incidence.Additionally,the frequency of the incident wave also has a certain degree of impact on the displacement amplitude.This study elucidates the scattering mechanism of SH waves by complex boundaries,providing a theoretical reference for building site selection and seismic design.In practical problems,the asymmetric assumption is more applicable than the symmetry assumption.展开更多
In endoscopic surgery,the limited field of view and the nonlinear deformation of organs caused by patient movement and respiration significantly complicate the modeling and accurate tracking of soft tissue surfaces fr...In endoscopic surgery,the limited field of view and the nonlinear deformation of organs caused by patient movement and respiration significantly complicate the modeling and accurate tracking of soft tissue surfaces from endoscopic image sequences.To address these challenges,we propose a novel Hybrid Triangular Matching(HTM)modeling framework for soft tissue feature tracking.Specifically,HTM constructs a geometric model of the detected blobs on the soft tissue surface by applying the Watershed algorithm for blob detection and integrating the Delaunay triangulation with a newly designed triangle search segmentation algorithm.By leveraging barycentric coordinate theory,HTMrapidly and accurately establishes inter-frame correspondences within the triangulated model,enabling stable feature tracking without explicit markers or extensive training data.Experimental results on endoscopic sequences demonstrate that this model-based tracking approach achieves lower computational complexity,maintains robustness against tissue deformation,and provides a scalable geometric modeling method for real-time soft tissue tracking in surgical computer vision.展开更多
The effects of climate change are becoming more evident nowadays,and the environmental stress imposed on crops has become more severe.Farmers around the globe continually seek ways to gain insights into crop health an...The effects of climate change are becoming more evident nowadays,and the environmental stress imposed on crops has become more severe.Farmers around the globe continually seek ways to gain insights into crop health and provide mitigation as early as possible.Phenotyping is a non-destructive method for assessing crop responses to environmental stresses and can be performed using airborne systems.Unmanned Aerial Systems(UAS)have significantly contributed to high-throughput phenotyping andmade the process rapid,efficient,and non-invasive for collecting large-scale agronomic data.Because of the high complexity and cost of specialized equipment used in aerial phenotyping,such as multispectral and hyperspectral cameras as well as lidar,this study proposes a framework for implementing aerial phenotyping where chlorophyll estimation,leaf count,and coverage are determined using the RGB(Red,Green and Blue)camera native to a UAS.Thestudy proposes the Dynamic Coefficient Triangular Greenness Index(DCTGI)for aerial phenotyping.Evaluation of the proposed DCTGI includes the correlation with chlorophyll content estimated using a Soil Plant Analysis Development(SPAD)chlorophyll meter on randomly sampled Liberica coffee seedlings.Analysis revealed a strong relationship between DCTGI values and chlorophyll estimates derived from SPAD measurements,with a Pearson’s correlation coefficient of 0.912.However,the study didn’t implement tissue-level validation and field-scale temporal analysis to assess seasonal variability.In addition,the SPAD meter provided the approximate nitrogen content together with the chlorohyll estimate.展开更多
Working memory is an executive memory process that includes encoding,maintenance,and retrieval.These processes can be modulated by transcranial alternating current stimulation(tACS)with sinusoidal waves.However,little...Working memory is an executive memory process that includes encoding,maintenance,and retrieval.These processes can be modulated by transcranial alternating current stimulation(tACS)with sinusoidal waves.However,little is known about the impact of the rate of current change on working memory.In this study,we aimed to investigate the effects of two types of tACS with different rates of current change on working memory performance and brain activity.We applied a randomized,single-blind design and divided 81 young participants who received triangular wave tACS,sinusoidal wave tACS,or sham stimulation into three groups.Participants performed n-back tasks,and electroencephalograms were recorded before,during,and after active or sham stimulation.Compared to the baseline,working memory performance(accuracy and response time)improved after stimulation under all stimulation conditions.According to drift-diffusion model analysis,triangular wave tACS significantly increased the efficiency of non-target information processing.In addition,compared with sham conditions,triangular wave tACS reduced alpha power oscillations in the occipital lobe throughout the encoding period,while sinusoidal wave tACS increased theta power in the central frontal region only during the later encoding period.The brain network connectivity results showed that triangular wave tACS improved the clustering coefficient,local efficiency,and node degree intensity in the early encoding stage,and these parameters were positively correlated with the non-target drift rate and decision starting point.Our findings on how tACS modulates working memory indicate that triangular wave tACS significantly enhances brain network connectivity during the early encoding stage,demonstrating an improvement in the efficiency of working memory processing.In contrast,sinusoidal wave tACS increased the theta power during the later encoding stage,suggesting its potential critical role in late-stage information processing.These findings provide valuable insights into the potential mechanisms by which tACS modulates working memory.展开更多
Let R be a commutative ring with unity and T be a triangular algebra over R.Let a sequence G={G_n}n∈Nof nonlinear mappings G_n:T→T associated with nonlinear Lie triple higher derivations∆={δ_n}n∈Nby local ac...Let R be a commutative ring with unity and T be a triangular algebra over R.Let a sequence G={G_n}n∈Nof nonlinear mappings G_n:T→T associated with nonlinear Lie triple higher derivations∆={δ_n}n∈Nby local actions be a generalized Lie triple higher derivation by local actions satisfying Gn([[x,y],z])=Σi+j+k=n[[Gi(x),δj(y)],δk(z)]for all x,y,z∈T with xyz=0.Under some mild conditions on T,we prove in this paper that every nonlinear generalized Lie triple higher derivation by local actions on triangular algebras is proper.As an application we shall give a characterization of nonlinear generalized Lie triple higher derivations by local actions on upper triangular matrix algebras and nest algebras,respectively.At the same time,it also improves some interesting conclusions,such as[J.Algebra Appl.22(3),2023,Paper No.2350059],[Axioms,11,2022,1–16].展开更多
This paper proposes anoptimal fuzzy-based model for obtaining crisp priorities for Fuzzy-AHP comparison matrices.Crisp judgments cannot be given for real-life situations,as most of these include some level of fuzzines...This paper proposes anoptimal fuzzy-based model for obtaining crisp priorities for Fuzzy-AHP comparison matrices.Crisp judgments cannot be given for real-life situations,as most of these include some level of fuzziness and com-plexity.In these situations,judgments are represented by the set of fuzzy numbers.Most of the fuzzy optimization models derive crisp priorities for judgments repre-sented with Triangular Fuzzy Numbers(TFNs)only.They do not work for other types of Triangular Shaped Fuzzy Numbers(TSFNs)and Trapezoidal Fuzzy Numbers(TrFNs).To overcome this problem,a sum of squared error(SSE)based optimization model is proposed.Unlike some other methods,the proposed model derives crisp weights from all of the above-mentioned fuzzy judgments.A fuzzy number is simulated using the Monte Carlo method.A threshold-based constraint is also applied to minimize the deviation from the initial judgments.Genetic Algorithm(GA)is used to solve the optimization model.We have also conducted casestudiesto show the proposed approach’s advantages over the existingmethods.Results show that the proposed model outperforms other models to minimize SSE and deviation from initial judgments.Thus,the proposed model can be applied in various real time scenarios as it can reduce the SSE value upto 29%compared to the existing studies.展开更多
Because of the limited space of the launch rockets, deployable mechanisms are always used to solve the phenomenon. One dimensional deployable mast can deploy and support antenna, solar sail and space optical camera. T...Because of the limited space of the launch rockets, deployable mechanisms are always used to solve the phenomenon. One dimensional deployable mast can deploy and support antenna, solar sail and space optical camera. Tape-spring hyperelastic hinges can be folded and extended into a rod like configuration. It utilizes the strain energy to realize self-deploying and drive the other structures. One kind of triangular prism mast with tape-spring hyperelastic hinges is proposed and developed. Stretching and compression stiffness theoretical model are established with considering the tape-spring hyperelastic hinges based on static theory. The finite element model of ten-module triangular prism mast is set up by ABAQUS with the tape-spring hyperelastic hinge and parameter study is performed to investigate the influence of thickness, section angle and radius. Two-module TPM is processed and tested the compression stiffness by the laser displacement sensor, deploying repeat accuracy by the high speed camera, modal shape and fundamental frequency at cantilever position by LMS multi-channel vibration test and analysis system, which are used to verify precision of the theoretical and finite element models of ten-module triangular prism mast with the tape-spring hyperelastic hinges. This research proposes an innovative one dimensional triangular prism with tape-spring hyperelastic hinge which has great application value to the space deployable mechanisms.展开更多
Feature extraction of symmetrical triangular linear frequency modulation continuous wave (LFM- CW) signal is studied. Combined with its peculiar charaeteristics, a novel algorithm based on Wigner-Hough transform (...Feature extraction of symmetrical triangular linear frequency modulation continuous wave (LFM- CW) signal is studied. Combined with its peculiar charaeteristics, a novel algorithm based on Wigner-Hough transform (WHT) is presented for the deteetion and parameter estimation of this type of waveform. The initial frequency and chirp rate of each segment of this wave are estimated, and the peak-value searching steps in the parameter spaee is given. Compared with Wigner-Ville distribution (WVD), Pseudo-Wigner-Ville distri- bution (PWD) and Smoothed-Peseudo-Wigner-Ville distribution (SPWD), WHT has proven itself to be the best method for feature extraetion of symmetrical triangular LFMCW signal. In the end, Monte-Carlo simulations under different SNRs are earried out, with validating results on this method.展开更多
The InGaN/GaN blue light emitting diode(LED) is numerically investigated using a triangular-shaped quantum well model,which involves analysis on its energy band,carrier concentration,overlap of electron and hole wav...The InGaN/GaN blue light emitting diode(LED) is numerically investigated using a triangular-shaped quantum well model,which involves analysis on its energy band,carrier concentration,overlap of electron and hole wave functions,radiative recombination rate,and internal quantum efficiency.The simulation results reveal that the InGaN/GaN blue light emitting diode with triangular quantum wells exhibits a higher radiative recombination rate than the conventional light emitting diode with rectangular quantum wells due to the enhanced overlap of electron and hole wave functions(above 90%) under the polarization field.Consequently,the efficiency droop is only 18% in the light emitting diode with triangular-shaped quantum wells,which is three times lower than that in a conventional LED.展开更多
We designed and constructed a new family of 608 dendritic dipyridyl donors, from which two novel triangular metallodendrimers were successfully prepared via coordination-driven self-assembly.Inspired by the existence ...We designed and constructed a new family of 608 dendritic dipyridyl donors, from which two novel triangular metallodendrimers were successfully prepared via coordination-driven self-assembly.Inspired by the existence of multiple intermolecular interactions(e.g., p–p stacking and CH–p interactions) imposed by the DMIP-functionalized poly(benzyl ether) dendrons, their hierarchical selfassembly behaviors were studied in various mixed solvents by using scanning electron microscopy(SEM). Interestingly, it was found that the morphologies of the obtained metallodendrimers were highly depended on the dendron generation. For example, the first-generation metallodendrimer was able to hierarchically self-assemble into the spherical nanostructures in various mixed solvents. However, the nanofibers were observed for the second-generation metallodendrimer under the similar conditions.Furthermore, the driven force for the formation of such ordered nanostructures was investigated by using1 H NMR and fluorescence spectroscopy.展开更多
In computer aided geometric design (CAGD), B′ezier-like bases receive more andmore considerations as new modeling tools in recent years. But those existing B′ezier-like basesare all defined over the rectangular do...In computer aided geometric design (CAGD), B′ezier-like bases receive more andmore considerations as new modeling tools in recent years. But those existing B′ezier-like basesare all defined over the rectangular domain. In this paper, we extend the algebraic trigono-metric B′ezier-like basis of order 4 to the triangular domain. The new basis functions definedover the triangular domain are proved to fulfill non-negativity, partition of unity, symmetry,boundary representation, linear independence and so on. We also prove some properties of thecorresponding B′ezier-like surfaces. Finally, some applications of the proposed basis are shown.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2023YFA1406500 and 2024YFA1409200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12374156,12134020,12334008,12374142,and 12304170)+2 种基金the Scientific Research Innovation Capability Support Project for Young Faculty(Grant No.ZYGXQNJSKYCXNLZCXM-M26)the National Key Research and Development Projects of China(Grant No.2022YFA1403402)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB1270100)。
摘要We perform85Rb nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)measurements on the S=1 bilayer triangular-lattice antiferromagnet Rb2Ni2(SeO3)3in magnetic fields up to26 T.In the field range from 3 to26 T,the NMR spectral lines split,and their respective spectral weight ratios reveal the existence of the magnetic up-up-down(UUD)phase,although the 1/3-plateau phase is only attained in fields above 16 T.
摘要As an important index to measure the degree of entanglement in quantum systems,concurrence plays an important role in practical research.In this paper,we study the concurrence between two qubits in triangular triple quantum dot structure.Through calculation and simulation,it is found that concurrence is mainly affected by the interdot coupling strength t,Coulomb interactionU,temperature T,and electrode coupling G.Through comparative studies with parallel triple quantum dot structures,we demonstrate that the triangular geometry exhibits significantly enhanced concurrence under identical conditions.In addition,under the condition that concurrence exceeds 0.9,the functional relationship between t and U is obtained through simulation,which provides theoretical support for quantum dot regulation under high entanglement.Finally,we demonstrate the feasibility of implementing a three-qubit quantum gate,using the Toffoli gate as a representative example,under the condition that the triangular triple quantum dot system maintains high entanglement.
基金supported by the Structures and Materials(S&M)Research Lab of Prince Sultan University.
摘要Separated flow at a blunt base remains a critical topic in both automotive and aerospace engineering,particularly in the context of high-speed and supersonic vehicles such as modern fighter aircraft.In the separated region,characterized by a recirculation zone,the local pressure is typically lower than the ambient back pressure.This reduced base pressure can account for up to 70 percent of the total drag acting on an axisymmetric body.The present study focuses on regulating the base pressure within the recirculation region to reduce base drag and thereby enhance the operational range of rockets,missiles,and related aerospace vehicles.The analysis considers key inertial and geometric parameters,including a Mach number of M=1.8,different expansion levels,an area ratio of 6.25,and duct lengths ranging from L/D=1 to 6.A triangular rib is introduced as a passive flow-control device to modulate the pressure within the duct.In the numerical simulations,the rib base is fixed at 3 mm,while its height varies from 1 mm to 5 mm.The results indicate that increasing the rib height enhances the base pressure,with the largest height producing the greatest pressure rise.A rib height of 3 mm is sufficient to raise the base pressure close to the back pressure.For applications requiring a more substantial increase in base pressure,ribs with heights of 4 or 5 mm are recommended,depending on mission constraints.Optimal performance is achieved when the rib is positioned at L/D=3 or 4,where the maximum pressure gain is observed.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2024YFA1409200,2024YFA1611101,and 2024YFA1408303)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12504186,12534009,12447101,12374129,and 12374124)+5 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)(Grant No.XDB1270101)the CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research(Grant No.YSBR-084)the CAS Project(Grant No.JZHKYPT-2021-08)supported by Anhui Provincial Major S&T Project(Grant No.s202305a12020005)Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Grant Nos.2508085ZD013 and 2408085J025)supported by the High Magnetic Field Laboratory of Anhui Province(Contract No.AHHM-FX-2020-02)。
摘要Inspired by the recent discovery of metallic spin supersolidity and its giant magnetocaloric effect in the rareearth alloy EuCo2Al9,we perform a combined study through electronic structure analysis,effective spin model construction,and Monte Carlo simulations on a stacked triangular lattice(STL),and reveal a novel mechanism for the emergence of 3D spin supersolid in a metallic antiferromagnet.From first-principles inputs,we derive a minimal spin model on a STL,which arises from the interplay between Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida and dipolar interactions and accurately reproduces the experimental thermodynamics.Based on the STL model,we identify a ground state that simultaneously breaks discrete lattice translational symmetry and continuous spinrotational symmetry--the hallmark of a spin supersolid.Furthermore,we present the field-temperature phase diagram of the 3D STL model and discuss the various magnetic phases and associated phase transitions.Under zero field,the spin supersolid Y order establishes in two steps:an upper transition at TN1,where an emergent U(1)symmetry appears and the system enters a fluctuating collinear regime,followed by a lower transition at TN2into the spin supersolid Y phase.In contrast,the supersolid V phase undergoes a single phase transition at T.Our results not only provide a comprehensive theoretical understanding of the metallic spin supersolid reported for EuCo2Al9but also pave the way for further experimental investigations into its supersolid transitions and universality class.
基金supported by the Major Science and Technology Projects of Yunnan Province(No.202302AB080016)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22101060,22371056,and 52303269)the Science and Technology Research Project of Guangzhou(Nos.202201020201 and 2023A03J0624)。
摘要Fractal assembly in discrete structures,especially for artificial supramolecular species,has attracted significantly increased interest over the past two decades.In this study,we present the precisely controlled fractal expanding synthesis of a novel triangular prism supramolecule featuring Sierpiński triangular face,which was achieved through a module-intervened self-expansion strategy.The homoleptic S1 was firstly synthesized through the assembly of ligand L1 with Zn2+ions.Based on the triangular-faced prism S1,we further introduced Sierpiński triangular faces on the section of the heteroleptic supramolecular cage S2 with an expanded inner cavity and more abundant active sites for photocatalytic properties.The topotactic architectures for both S1 and S2 were fully characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy,high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry,transmission electron microscopy,and atomic force microscopy.Furthermore,the enhanced photocatalytic activity of the fractal expanded S2 was performed via the superior amine oxidative efficiency over S1.This study proposes the unprecedented fractal expanding strategy for three-dimensional supramolecular species with higher complexity,potentially opening new avenues for structural regulation of artificial fractal molecules.
摘要We examine the discrete Laplacian acting on a triangular lattice,introducing long-range perturbations to both the metric and the potential.Our goal is to establish a Limiting Absorption Principle away from possible embedded eigenvalues.Our study relies on a positive commutator technique.
摘要Thiswork explores aMagnetohydrodynamic(MHD)flowin a triangular cavitywith a thermally insulated baffle.Enclosure’s inclined wall is hotter,whereas the vertical border is adiabatic and the bottom is cooler.The study aims to clarify how geometric changes affect thermal performance and offers new perspectives on how to improve heat dissipation mechanisms.A COMSOL Multiphysics version 6.2 has been used to solve numerical solutions.Streamlines and thermal distributions are examined systematically in order to understand how the unique geometry and baffle size of triangular cavities can influence the fluid flow.This influence can result in optimized flow patterns,promoting efficient heat transfer by directing the fluid to specific areas that require more cooling.In comparison with conventional designs,this optimization results in more efficient convective heat transfer,which raises cooling efficiency and lowers thermal resistance.Furthermore,by strengthening heat transfer characteristics in heat transfer systems,these geometries increase thermal efficiency,which helps several sectors,including the production of electricity,HVAC,and the automobile industry.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2023YFA1406500 and 2022YFA1405300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12374166 and 12134020)。
摘要A spin supersolid is characterized by the simultaneous breaking of lattice translation and continuous spin rotation symmetries.In this work,we study a spin-1 model with U(2)≌SU(2)×U(1)/Z2symmetry on the triangular lattice,and determine the phase diagram with a variational CP2approach.We identify a novel supersolid phase which contains a 3-sublattice solid order and a superfluid order with spontaneous SU(2)-symmetry breaking.Unlike usual supersolid phases having only one Goldstone mode,the SU(2)-supersolid phase has two Goldstone modes.Another important feature of this supersolid is that the spin excitation spectrum has symmetry protected double degeneracy in the whole Brillouin zone.As by-products,several other ordered phases are obtained,including the ferromagnetic and the antiferromagnetic states breaking the SU(2)symmetry,as well as genuine phases that completely break the U(2)symmetry.Furthermore,the instabilities of SU(3)-flavor linear spin-wave theory are consistent with the phase boundaries between different ordered phases.
基金Supported by Scientific and Technological Innovation Programs of Higher Education Institutions in Shanxi(Grant No.2025L092)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12071120).
摘要In this paper,we identify conditions on the change of rings to induce functors between the two pure derived(resp.,pure singularity)categories.Then we construct recollements of pure derived categories and pure singularity categories for a formal triangular matrix ring,respectively.As an application,we study the pure global dimension of a formal triangular matrix ring.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFC3003601)Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China Project on Earthquake Science(Grant No.U2239252)the program of the Innovative Research Team in China Earthquake Administration.
摘要Surface irregularities,such as hills and ridges,can significantly amplify ground motion caused by earthquakes.Therefore,in this study,we propose an analytical solution model to investigate the interaction between an asymmetric triangular hill on Earth and SH waves.Firstly,based on the development of wave functions and regional matching techniques,we introduce a semi-circular artificial auxiliary boundary,dividing the solution model into a semi-infinite body containing a semi-circular depression and an asymmetric fan-shaped region.Secondly,we derive the domain function form applicable to solving asymmetric problems.Utilizing the theory of complex variables,we establish a well-posed matrix for solving domain functions within the same coordinate system.Numerical results demonstrate that the scattering of SH waves by a protuberance is jointly influenced by the geometric parameters of the hill and the angle of incidence.Additionally,the frequency of the incident wave also has a certain degree of impact on the displacement amplitude.This study elucidates the scattering mechanism of SH waves by complex boundaries,providing a theoretical reference for building site selection and seismic design.In practical problems,the asymmetric assumption is more applicable than the symmetry assumption.
基金Support by Sichuan Science and Technology Program[2023YFSY0026,2023YFH0004].
摘要In endoscopic surgery,the limited field of view and the nonlinear deformation of organs caused by patient movement and respiration significantly complicate the modeling and accurate tracking of soft tissue surfaces from endoscopic image sequences.To address these challenges,we propose a novel Hybrid Triangular Matching(HTM)modeling framework for soft tissue feature tracking.Specifically,HTM constructs a geometric model of the detected blobs on the soft tissue surface by applying the Watershed algorithm for blob detection and integrating the Delaunay triangulation with a newly designed triangle search segmentation algorithm.By leveraging barycentric coordinate theory,HTMrapidly and accurately establishes inter-frame correspondences within the triangulated model,enabling stable feature tracking without explicit markers or extensive training data.Experimental results on endoscopic sequences demonstrate that this model-based tracking approach achieves lower computational complexity,maintains robustness against tissue deformation,and provides a scalable geometric modeling method for real-time soft tissue tracking in surgical computer vision.
摘要The effects of climate change are becoming more evident nowadays,and the environmental stress imposed on crops has become more severe.Farmers around the globe continually seek ways to gain insights into crop health and provide mitigation as early as possible.Phenotyping is a non-destructive method for assessing crop responses to environmental stresses and can be performed using airborne systems.Unmanned Aerial Systems(UAS)have significantly contributed to high-throughput phenotyping andmade the process rapid,efficient,and non-invasive for collecting large-scale agronomic data.Because of the high complexity and cost of specialized equipment used in aerial phenotyping,such as multispectral and hyperspectral cameras as well as lidar,this study proposes a framework for implementing aerial phenotyping where chlorophyll estimation,leaf count,and coverage are determined using the RGB(Red,Green and Blue)camera native to a UAS.Thestudy proposes the Dynamic Coefficient Triangular Greenness Index(DCTGI)for aerial phenotyping.Evaluation of the proposed DCTGI includes the correlation with chlorophyll content estimated using a Soil Plant Analysis Development(SPAD)chlorophyll meter on randomly sampled Liberica coffee seedlings.Analysis revealed a strong relationship between DCTGI values and chlorophyll estimates derived from SPAD measurements,with a Pearson’s correlation coefficient of 0.912.However,the study didn’t implement tissue-level validation and field-scale temporal analysis to assess seasonal variability.In addition,the SPAD meter provided the approximate nitrogen content together with the chlorohyll estimate.
基金supported by the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(2023B0303030002)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(IS23114,7242274)+4 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023TQ0027 and 2024M754099)the STI 2030-Major Projects(2022ZD0208500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62336002,82071912,62406025,82202291,62373056,62306035)the Beijing Nova Program(20230484465)the Shenzhen Basic Research Program(JCYJ20241202124804007).
摘要Working memory is an executive memory process that includes encoding,maintenance,and retrieval.These processes can be modulated by transcranial alternating current stimulation(tACS)with sinusoidal waves.However,little is known about the impact of the rate of current change on working memory.In this study,we aimed to investigate the effects of two types of tACS with different rates of current change on working memory performance and brain activity.We applied a randomized,single-blind design and divided 81 young participants who received triangular wave tACS,sinusoidal wave tACS,or sham stimulation into three groups.Participants performed n-back tasks,and electroencephalograms were recorded before,during,and after active or sham stimulation.Compared to the baseline,working memory performance(accuracy and response time)improved after stimulation under all stimulation conditions.According to drift-diffusion model analysis,triangular wave tACS significantly increased the efficiency of non-target information processing.In addition,compared with sham conditions,triangular wave tACS reduced alpha power oscillations in the occipital lobe throughout the encoding period,while sinusoidal wave tACS increased theta power in the central frontal region only during the later encoding period.The brain network connectivity results showed that triangular wave tACS improved the clustering coefficient,local efficiency,and node degree intensity in the early encoding stage,and these parameters were positively correlated with the non-target drift rate and decision starting point.Our findings on how tACS modulates working memory indicate that triangular wave tACS significantly enhances brain network connectivity during the early encoding stage,demonstrating an improvement in the efficiency of working memory processing.In contrast,sinusoidal wave tACS increased the theta power during the later encoding stage,suggesting its potential critical role in late-stage information processing.These findings provide valuable insights into the potential mechanisms by which tACS modulates working memory.
基金Supported by Open Research Fund of Hubei Key Laboratory of Mathematical Sciences(Central China Normal University)the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province(Grant No.2008085QA01)the University Natural Science Research Project of Anhui Province(Grant No.KJ2019A0107)。
摘要Let R be a commutative ring with unity and T be a triangular algebra over R.Let a sequence G={G_n}n∈Nof nonlinear mappings G_n:T→T associated with nonlinear Lie triple higher derivations∆={δ_n}n∈Nby local actions be a generalized Lie triple higher derivation by local actions satisfying Gn([[x,y],z])=Σi+j+k=n[[Gi(x),δj(y)],δk(z)]for all x,y,z∈T with xyz=0.Under some mild conditions on T,we prove in this paper that every nonlinear generalized Lie triple higher derivation by local actions on triangular algebras is proper.As an application we shall give a characterization of nonlinear generalized Lie triple higher derivations by local actions on upper triangular matrix algebras and nest algebras,respectively.At the same time,it also improves some interesting conclusions,such as[J.Algebra Appl.22(3),2023,Paper No.2350059],[Axioms,11,2022,1–16].
摘要This paper proposes anoptimal fuzzy-based model for obtaining crisp priorities for Fuzzy-AHP comparison matrices.Crisp judgments cannot be given for real-life situations,as most of these include some level of fuzziness and com-plexity.In these situations,judgments are represented by the set of fuzzy numbers.Most of the fuzzy optimization models derive crisp priorities for judgments repre-sented with Triangular Fuzzy Numbers(TFNs)only.They do not work for other types of Triangular Shaped Fuzzy Numbers(TSFNs)and Trapezoidal Fuzzy Numbers(TrFNs).To overcome this problem,a sum of squared error(SSE)based optimization model is proposed.Unlike some other methods,the proposed model derives crisp weights from all of the above-mentioned fuzzy judgments.A fuzzy number is simulated using the Monte Carlo method.A threshold-based constraint is also applied to minimize the deviation from the initial judgments.Genetic Algorithm(GA)is used to solve the optimization model.We have also conducted casestudiesto show the proposed approach’s advantages over the existingmethods.Results show that the proposed model outperforms other models to minimize SSE and deviation from initial judgments.Thus,the proposed model can be applied in various real time scenarios as it can reduce the SSE value upto 29%compared to the existing studies.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51605001)Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U1637207)Anhui University Research Foundation for Doctor(Grant No.J01003222)
摘要Because of the limited space of the launch rockets, deployable mechanisms are always used to solve the phenomenon. One dimensional deployable mast can deploy and support antenna, solar sail and space optical camera. Tape-spring hyperelastic hinges can be folded and extended into a rod like configuration. It utilizes the strain energy to realize self-deploying and drive the other structures. One kind of triangular prism mast with tape-spring hyperelastic hinges is proposed and developed. Stretching and compression stiffness theoretical model are established with considering the tape-spring hyperelastic hinges based on static theory. The finite element model of ten-module triangular prism mast is set up by ABAQUS with the tape-spring hyperelastic hinge and parameter study is performed to investigate the influence of thickness, section angle and radius. Two-module TPM is processed and tested the compression stiffness by the laser displacement sensor, deploying repeat accuracy by the high speed camera, modal shape and fundamental frequency at cantilever position by LMS multi-channel vibration test and analysis system, which are used to verify precision of the theoretical and finite element models of ten-module triangular prism mast with the tape-spring hyperelastic hinges. This research proposes an innovative one dimensional triangular prism with tape-spring hyperelastic hinge which has great application value to the space deployable mechanisms.
基金Sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (6023201060572094)the National Natural Science Foundation of China for Distinguished Young Scholars (60625104)
摘要Feature extraction of symmetrical triangular linear frequency modulation continuous wave (LFM- CW) signal is studied. Combined with its peculiar charaeteristics, a novel algorithm based on Wigner-Hough transform (WHT) is presented for the deteetion and parameter estimation of this type of waveform. The initial frequency and chirp rate of each segment of this wave are estimated, and the peak-value searching steps in the parameter spaee is given. Compared with Wigner-Ville distribution (WVD), Pseudo-Wigner-Ville distri- bution (PWD) and Smoothed-Peseudo-Wigner-Ville distribution (SPWD), WHT has proven itself to be the best method for feature extraetion of symmetrical triangular LFMCW signal. In the end, Monte-Carlo simulations under different SNRs are earried out, with validating results on this method.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61076013,51102003,and 60990313)the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2012CB619304)the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education,China (Grant No. 20100001120014)
摘要The InGaN/GaN blue light emitting diode(LED) is numerically investigated using a triangular-shaped quantum well model,which involves analysis on its energy band,carrier concentration,overlap of electron and hole wave functions,radiative recombination rate,and internal quantum efficiency.The simulation results reveal that the InGaN/GaN blue light emitting diode with triangular quantum wells exhibits a higher radiative recombination rate than the conventional light emitting diode with rectangular quantum wells due to the enhanced overlap of electron and hole wave functions(above 90%) under the polarization field.Consequently,the efficiency droop is only 18% in the light emitting diode with triangular-shaped quantum wells,which is three times lower than that in a conventional LED.
基金financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21302058)the financial support of the Key Basic Research Project of Shanghai Science and Technology Commission (No. 13JC1402200)
摘要We designed and constructed a new family of 608 dendritic dipyridyl donors, from which two novel triangular metallodendrimers were successfully prepared via coordination-driven self-assembly.Inspired by the existence of multiple intermolecular interactions(e.g., p–p stacking and CH–p interactions) imposed by the DMIP-functionalized poly(benzyl ether) dendrons, their hierarchical selfassembly behaviors were studied in various mixed solvents by using scanning electron microscopy(SEM). Interestingly, it was found that the morphologies of the obtained metallodendrimers were highly depended on the dendron generation. For example, the first-generation metallodendrimer was able to hierarchically self-assemble into the spherical nanostructures in various mixed solvents. However, the nanofibers were observed for the second-generation metallodendrimer under the similar conditions.Furthermore, the driven force for the formation of such ordered nanostructures was investigated by using1 H NMR and fluorescence spectroscopy.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China( 60933008,60970079)
摘要In computer aided geometric design (CAGD), B′ezier-like bases receive more andmore considerations as new modeling tools in recent years. But those existing B′ezier-like basesare all defined over the rectangular domain. In this paper, we extend the algebraic trigono-metric B′ezier-like basis of order 4 to the triangular domain. The new basis functions definedover the triangular domain are proved to fulfill non-negativity, partition of unity, symmetry,boundary representation, linear independence and so on. We also prove some properties of thecorresponding B′ezier-like surfaces. Finally, some applications of the proposed basis are shown.