Purpose Triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC),characterized by the absence of estrogen receptor(ER),progesterone receptor(PR),and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)expression,remains clinically challenging d...Purpose Triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC),characterized by the absence of estrogen receptor(ER),progesterone receptor(PR),and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)expression,remains clinically challenging due to the lack of effective targeted therapies.This investigation revealed the anti-TNBC potential of Trichoderma viride ethyl acetate extract(TVEAE)from the endophytic fungus Trichoderma viride isolated from Coreopsis basalis.Methods Pharmacological validation ofTVEAE's anti-TNBC efficacy was conducted through in vitro and in vivo phar-macological models.The cell death mechanisms were systematically investigated using Hoechst staining,reactive oxygen species(ROS)detection,and lipid peroxidation assays.Potential therapeutic targets and signaling pathways were identified by integrating network pharmacology,transcriptomics,and weighted gene co-expression network analysis(WGCNA).Furthermore,this study validated key tumor-related proteins involved in tumor progression and cell death pathways via Western blotting.Finally,chemical constituents were characterized through molecular network coupled with Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking(GNPS)analysis.Results Both in vitro and in vivo models established TVEAE's significant anti-TNBC efficacy.Mechanistic interrogation established TVEAE-mediated ferroptosis induction via selective modulation of leukocyte transendothelial migration(TEM)signaling cascades.Integrative analysis combining transcriptomics,WGCNA,and network pharmacology identified IL-6/TNF-α/HSP90AA1 as core therapeutic targets regulating TEM pathway dynamics.GNPS-assisted molecular network-ing uncovered six structurally novel anti-TNBC metabolites,including N-lauryldiethanolamine,erucamide,and Gliotoxin.Conclusion This study provides the first evidence ofTVEAE's anti-TNBC activity through multi-target engagement along the leukocyteTEM signaling axis,effectively triggering ferroptosis.The mechanistic elucidation advances TNBC therapeutic development,offering a multi-dimensional targeting strategy against this recalcitrant malignancy.展开更多
The discharge of effluents containing uranium(U)ions into aquatic ecosystems poses significant risks to both human health and marine organisms.This study investigated the biosorption of U(VI)ions from aqueous solution...The discharge of effluents containing uranium(U)ions into aquatic ecosystems poses significant risks to both human health and marine organisms.This study investigated the biosorption of U(VI)ions from aqueous solutions using corncob-sodium alginate(SA)-immobilized Trichoderma aureoviride hyphal pellets.Experimental parameters,including initial solution pH,initial concentration,temperature,and contact time,were systematically examined to understand their influence on the bioadsorption process.Results showed that the corncob-SA-immobilized T.aureoviride hyphal pellets exhibited maximum uranium biosorption capacity at an initial pH of 6.23 and a contact time of 12 h.The equilibrium data aligned with the Langmuir isotherm model,with a maximum biosorption capacity of 105.60 mg/g at 301 K.Moreover,biosorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model.In terms of thermodynamic parameters,the changes in Gibbs-free energy(△G°)were determined to be-4.29 kJ/mol at 301 K,the changes in enthalpy(△H°)were 46.88 kJ/mol,and the changes in entropy(△S°)was 164.98 J/(mol·K).Notably,the adsorbed U(VI)could be efficiently desorbed using Na2CO3,with a maximum readsorption efficiency of 53.6%.Scanning electron microscopic(SEM)analysis revealed U(VI)ion binding onto the hyphal pellet surface.This study underscores the efficacy of corncob-SA-immobilized T.aureoviride hyphal pellets as a cost-effective and environmentally favorable biosorbent material for removing U(VI)from aquatic ecosystems.展开更多
The nascent polypeptide-associated complex(NAC)plays crucial roles in various biological functions in eukaryotes and has been extensively studied in animals and plants;however,its role in the biocontrol mechanisms of ...The nascent polypeptide-associated complex(NAC)plays crucial roles in various biological functions in eukaryotes and has been extensively studied in animals and plants;however,its role in the biocontrol mechanisms of microorganisms requires further investigation.This study examined the function of TbNACα,a NAC subunit,in the biocontrol activity of Trichoderma breve T069 against Sclerotium rolfsii.Following deletion of the TbNACα gene from T.breve T069,the ΔTbNACα mutant exhibited significantly reduced mycelial growth,spore production,and spore germination.While volatile substances from ΔTbNACα showed no significant effect on S.rolfsii,non-volatile substances demonstrated significant inhibition of S.rolfsii growth.Transcriptome sequencing analysis revealed 3,398 differentially expressed genes in the ΔTbNACα mutant compared to wild-type T069,primarily regulating genes associated with secondary metabolite biosynthetic enzymes,hydrolases,and membrane transport proteins.Untargeted metabolomics identified 50 upregulated metabolites(27 in positive ion mode and 23 in negative ion mode)in crude extracts from ΔTbNACα mutant metabolite broth.Among these metabolic substances,ethyl caffeate demonstrated the strongest activity against S.rolfsii,with an EC50 of 107.15μg mL-1.Quantitative real-time PCR(qPCR)analysis indicated significant upregulation of genes involved in the ethyl caffeate synthesis pathway in ΔTbNACα strains.This research establishes the negative regulation of ethyl caffeate synthesis and elucidates the antagonistic inhibition mechanism of TbNACα in T.breve T069.展开更多
This study focuses on the peptaibiome produced by different species of Trichoderma belonging to clade Viride:T.koningii SZMC 28387(CBS 979.70),T.cf.strigosellum SZMC 28007(TUCIM 4886/IQ 191),T.cf.dorothopsis SZMC 2839...This study focuses on the peptaibiome produced by different species of Trichoderma belonging to clade Viride:T.koningii SZMC 28387(CBS 979.70),T.cf.strigosellum SZMC 28007(TUCIM 4886/IQ 191),T.cf.dorothopsis SZMC 28390(TUCIM 416/TUB F-597),T.cf.strigosellum SZMC 28391(TUCIM 423/DAOM 230018),T.atroviride SZMC 28748(IMI 206040),T.hamatum SZMC 28747(TUCIM 2730)and T.cf.dorothopsis SZMC 28005(TUCIM 4882/IQ 11).We were able to identify new compounds with similarity to already known groups of peptaibiotics,as well as completely newly discovered compounds using high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)-mass spectrometry(MS).From the 367 peptaibiotics identified,216 are peptaibols and 111 are lipopeptaibols.Out of all peptaibols,55 are previously known,while 161 are newly discovered.The new peptaibol subgroups Strigosellin A,B and Dorothopsin A,B are intro-duced.Furthermore,besides 38 previously known lipopeptaibols,73 new lipopeptaibol sequences,named Lipostrigo-sellins and Lipohamatins are also reported.In addition,41 peptaibol-like compounds with unusual C-terminus were also found.Out of the 7 strains examined,5 produced both peptaibols and lipopeptaibols,while 2 only peptaibols.The well-known compound,Trikoningin KA V(TRK-V)also produced by T.koningii SZMC 28387(CBS 979.70),was stud-ied for its folding dynamics using accelerated molecular dynamics simulations(aMD)for understanding the plausible three-dimensional structures adopted by these peptaibols of clade Viride.We observed a propensity to form kinked,right-handed helical structures when simulated in an aqueous environment.展开更多
The objective of this study was to identify antifungal secondary metabolites produced during the early spore germination stage of Trichoderma harzianum,T.virens,and T.atroviride and evaluate their inhibitory effects o...The objective of this study was to identify antifungal secondary metabolites produced during the early spore germination stage of Trichoderma harzianum,T.virens,and T.atroviride and evaluate their inhibitory effects on spore germination for 18 postharvest fungal species including Alternaria,Aspergillus,Botrytis cinerea,Cladosporium,Fusarium,and Penicillium on PDA medium supplemented with 200μg/mL of secondary metabolites derived from each Trichoderma species.Secondary metabolites were extracted with ethyl acetate,diluted in n-hexane,and identified by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry(GC-MS)using a non-polar column and NIST23 library matching(≥85%).In comparation with control(p≤0.05),T.atroviride showed the highest inhibition of spore germination in A.alternata(39.93%),and A.tenuissima(37.97%).T.harzianum was most effective against F.oxysporum(40.84%);and T.virens inhibited F.oxysporum(37.02%),A.alternata(35.05%),A.tenuissima(37.05%),and A.arborescens(35.06%).Among 39 identified metabolites,30.76%,12.82%,and 15.38%originated from T.atroviride,T.virens,and T.harzianum,respectively.Furthermore,23.07%were common to all three species.Additionally,12.82%of the compounds were shared between T.virens and T.harzianum,while only 5.12%were shared between T.atroviride and T.virens.Several antifungal metabolites,including lauric acid,palmitic acid methyl ester,undecanoic acid,decanoic acid,itaconic acid,and hexadecanoic acid methyl ester,were identified during the initial spore germination stage of Trichoderma spp.The antifungal metabolites identified likely contribute to the ecological competitiveness of Trichoderma in the natural environment and underscore their potential in suppressing plant pathogens in agriculture.展开更多
Several Trichoderma species serve as biocontrol agents in agriculture through their phytopathogen growth inhibition capabilities.However,the antagonistic mechanism of certain strains primarily operates through direct ...Several Trichoderma species serve as biocontrol agents in agriculture through their phytopathogen growth inhibition capabilities.However,the antagonistic mechanism of certain strains primarily operates through direct action.This study aims to explore an effective strain with comprehensive capabilities and elucidate its practical viability and action mechanism.Trichoderma gamsii strain TC959,exhibiting robust antagonistic and plant growth-promoting properties,was identified.The strain directly inhibits plant pathogen through the production of secondary metabolites,siderophores,and chitinase/xylanase,while promotes plant growth via indole-3-acetic acid/gibberellin release.Additionally,the strain activates induced systemic resistance by enhancing the chlorophyll a/b ratio and jasmonic acid content in pepper seedlings through root colonization,leading to elevated defense-related gene expression,antioxidant enzyme activity,and indole-3-acetic acid/gibberellin production.These mechanisms collectively enhance disease resistance and promote plant growth.Moreover,TC959 demonstrates superior resistance to oxidation and chemical fungicides,facilitating strain viability maintenance and ensuring healthy pepper seedling development.The study concludes that strain TC959 exhibits significant biocontrol potential and comprehensive functions against pepper damping-off disease,warranting further practical applications.展开更多
Basal stem rot,caused by Ganoderma boninense is a serious disease in oil palm plantations in North Sumatra,Indonesia.However,the use of fungicides to control this pathogen can cause instability in terrestrial ecosyste...Basal stem rot,caused by Ganoderma boninense is a serious disease in oil palm plantations in North Sumatra,Indonesia.However,the use of fungicides to control this pathogen can cause instability in terrestrial ecosystems and decrease the number of beneficial microorganisms.Therefore,identifying other effective and environmentally friendly control methods,such as Trichoderma,is essential.Trichoderma was previously isolated from the leaf,rachis,stem,and root tissues of oil palms but not from the rhizosphere soil.Therefore,this study aimed to assess the potency of indigenous Trichoderma isolates from the rhizosphere soil of oil palm seedling plantations in Bukit Kijang,North Sumatra,Indonesia,as biocontrol agents to reduce G.boninense infection.Four Trichoderma isolates were isolated from healthy oil palm rhizospheres in Bukit Kijang and screened in vitro.Based on molecular identification,the Trichoderma isolates were identified as T.asperellum1,T.virens1,T.asperellum2,and T.virens2.All Trichoderma species inhibited the development of Ganoderma and stimulated the vegetative growth of oil palm seedlings.Therefore,T.asperellum and T.virens can be used as biocontrol agents to control G.boninense and stimulate the vegetative growth of oil palm seedlings.To our knowledge,this is the first report of indigenous Trichoderma isolates from Bukit Kijang that can be used as biocontrol agents to control G.boninense.展开更多
Background:Momordica charantia L.var.abbreviata Ser.(MCA),locally known as“ampalayang ligaw”,is a wild variety of Momordica charantia L.,and a valuable medicinal plant possessing hypoglycemic activity.However,it onl...Background:Momordica charantia L.var.abbreviata Ser.(MCA),locally known as“ampalayang ligaw”,is a wild variety of Momordica charantia L.,and a valuable medicinal plant possessing hypoglycemic activity.However,it only grows in open fields and is not widely cultivated due to slow growth and low productivity.Methods:To enhance its overall plant health,a consortium of three Trichoderma spp.was inoculated into MCA.The effects on growth,floral biology,productivity,and total triterpenes were assessed to determine the efficacy of Trichoderma spp.as a sustainable and environment-friendly plant growth promoter.A consortium of three Trichoderma spp.(T.ghanense,T.pseudokoningii,and T.harzianum)mixed in equal proportions were applied as seed coat and soil drench according to previous recommendations.Results:Results show that Trichoderma-treated MCA exhibited significantly(P<0.05)greater leaf area and growth rate compared to the untreated control.Trichoderma likewise affected the floral biology of MCA with bigger flower sizes(P<0.01),earlier male flower emergence,and increased number of female flowers(P<0.05).Regarding productivity,Trichoderma significantly increased the fruit set,dry weight and length of fruits(P<0.01),number of fruits per plant,and seed germination percentage(P<0.05).An increase in shoot length was significantly correlated to a greater number of fruits hence with higher productivity.Trichoderma also significantly enhanced(22%increase)the total triterpenes in MCA leaves,probably owing to hormonal modulation of gene expression changes as previous studies have shown.The increased triterpene content suggests an enhanced pharmacological potential of Trichoderma-treated MCA for diabetes management,warranting further bioactivity studies.Conclusion:Therefore,these results reveal the efficacy of Trichoderma on MCA productivity enhancement,demonstrating the potential of Trichoderma-treated MCA to become more amenable to commercial cultivation.展开更多
Mycelium-based blocks(MBBs)represent an innovative and eco-friendly approach to composite material design,combining fungal mycelium with lignocellulosic biomass to produce sustainable,rapidly regenerating materials wi...Mycelium-based blocks(MBBs)represent an innovative and eco-friendly approach to composite material design,combining fungal mycelium with lignocellulosic biomass to produce sustainable,rapidly regenerating materials with intrinsic hydrophobic properties.This study investigates the fabrication and characterization of MBBs using Pleurotus ostreatus(Basidiomycota)as the mycelial binding agent and compares its performance with Trichoderma virens(Ascomycota),a non-mushroom mycelial alternative.The performance of both fungal species was assessed using three lignocellulosic substrates:bamboo residues(BRs),spent coffee grounds(SCGs),and rice husks(RHs).Substrates were evaluated individually(100%BRs,SCGs,or RHs)and in binary mixtures at a 50:50 ratio(BRs:SCGs,BRs:RHs,and SCGs:RHs).The physical and mechanical properties—including density,water absorption,compressive strength,and modulus of rupture—were systematically evaluated.Results demonstrated that MBBs composed of BRs and P.ostreatus mycelium achieved the highest average compressive strength(0.190 MPa),outperforming T.virens-based blocks and other MBB formulations.Additionally,blocks incorporating RHs,SCGs,and P.ostreatus exhibited the highest density,reaching 379 kg/m³.In contrast,RH-based blocks with T.virens mycelium showed the highest water absorption,at 294.25%.Overall,MBBs utilizing P.ostreatus mycelium outperformed those with T.virens in key metrics such as density,compressive strength,and modulus of rupture,though water absorption was a notable exception.These findings underscore the potential of MBBs—particularly those incorporating SCGs,BRs,and RHs—as sustainable,non-load-bearing construction materials.Their reduced reliance on conventional resources highlights their promise as eco-friendly alternatives for sustainable applications.展开更多
Trichoderma strains possessing biological control functions have been used in agriculture against phytopathogens.Currently,only very few species of the genus were applied to or involved in plant disease control.Discov...Trichoderma strains possessing biological control functions have been used in agriculture against phytopathogens.Currently,only very few species of the genus were applied to or involved in plant disease control.Discovery of additional useful resources is desperately needed.In this study,biocontrol effect of Trichoderma vermifimicola strain TC467 was evaluated by dual confrontation culture,cellophane and two-compartment culture,pot experiments,and resistance to chemical fungicides.The results demonstrated that TC467 produced substances essential to phytopathogen control(including siderophore,xylanase and chitinase)and plant growth promoters(producing indole-3-acetic acid and gibberellin).The strain displayed a high inhibition rate against Botrytis cinerea reaching 85.26%;and its non-volatile and volatile secondary metabolites showed the inhibition rates to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and B.cinerea as high as 84.67%and 47.62%,respectively.In pot experiments,comparing with untreated plants TC467 significantly enhanced the height and fresh weight of lettuce(Lactuca sativa var.ramosa)by 46.69%and 15.33%,respectively.Its fermentation broth effectively minimized the lettuce disease caused by B.cinerea with inhibition rate of 87.76%.In addition,the strain showed higher tolerance to hymexazol water-dispersible granule than that to other tested fungicides;at the concentration of 0.42 mg/L the growth rate of TC467 can even approach 98.19%.T.vermifimicola strain TC467 has the potential for practical application in biocontrol especially plant diseases caused by B.cinerea,which extends our knowledge of nature beneficial resources.展开更多
Maize is one of the major crops in China, but maize stalk rot occurs nationwide and has become one of the major challenges in maize production in China. In order to find an environment-friendly and feasible technology...Maize is one of the major crops in China, but maize stalk rot occurs nationwide and has become one of the major challenges in maize production in China. In order to find an environment-friendly and feasible technology to control this disease, a Trichoderma-based biocontrol agent was selected. Forty-eight strains with various inhibition activities to Fusarium graminearum, and Fusarium verticillioides were tested. A group of Trichoderma strains(DLY31, SG3403, DLY1303 and GDFS1009) were found to provide an inhibition rate to pathogen growth in vitro of over 70%. These strains also prevented pathogen infection over 65% and promoted the maize seedling growth for the main root in vivo by over 50%. Due to its advantage in antifungal activity against pathogens and promotion activity to maize, Trichoderma asperellum GDSF1009 was selected as the most promising strain of the biocontrol agent in the Trichoderma spectrum. Pot experiments showed that the Trichoderma agent at 2–3 g/pot could achieve the best control of seedling stalk rot and promotion of maize seedling growth. In the field experiments, 8–10 g/hole was able to achieve over 65% control to stalk rot, and yield increased by 2–11%. In the case of natural morbidity, the control efficiency ranged from 27.23 to 48.84%, and the rate of yield increase reached 11.70%, with a dosage of Trichoderma granules at 75 kg ha^-1. Based on these results, we concluded that the Trichoderma agent is a promising biocontrol approach to stalk rot in maize.展开更多
Plant secondary metabolites play vital role in plant stress response. In this study we investigated whether root colonization of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) infected by Trichoderma harzianum leads to alterations in ...Plant secondary metabolites play vital role in plant stress response. In this study we investigated whether root colonization of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) infected by Trichoderma harzianum leads to alterations in the biosynthesis of secondary plant metabolites including phytohormones and osmolyte proline under drought stress. Exposure of tomato to drought caused a drastic decline in plant growth and physiological parameters. Tomato inoculated with T. harzianum showed increased root and shoot growth and chlorophyll pigments as compared to uninoculated controls as well as drought stressed plants. Proline and total soluble protein content was increased in plants inoculated with T. harzianum under both normal as well as drought conditions. An obvious increase in phenol and flavonoid content was observed due to T. haczianum. In addition, T. hat-zianum inoculated plants maintained higher levels of growth regulators indole acetic acid, indole butyric acid, and gibberellic acid under drought stress. Improved secondary metabolites which play an important role in plant stress tolerance by T. hat-zianum may have coordinately worked for bringing the growth regulation by protecting membranes from reactive oxygen species (ROS) and enhance plant growth through accessing more nutrients by root system.展开更多
Southern corn leaf blight(SCLB)disease caused by Cochliobolus heterostrophus is one of the major threats to corn production worldwide.The synergistic application of low toxic chemical fungicide and biocontrol agents c...Southern corn leaf blight(SCLB)disease caused by Cochliobolus heterostrophus is one of the major threats to corn production worldwide.The synergistic application of low toxic chemical fungicide and biocontrol agents could improve biocontrol stability and efficiency against plant diseases,which ultimately reduce use of chemical fungicide.Trichoderma spp.,well-known biocontrol fungi have been used to control some foliar diseases.However,few works have been reported on synergistic application of chemical fungicide and Trichoderma against foliar diseases.This study was aimed to investigate the control effect on the synergistic application of Trichoderma harzianum SH2303 and difenoconazole-propiconazole(DP)against SCLB.Results showed that the synergistic application of DP and SH2303 reduced the leaf spot area compared to the control.The efficacy of synergistic application of DP+SH2303 against SCLB could last for 15–20 d in pot trial under the greenhouse condition.Under the natural field condition,maize treated with DP+DP and DP+SH2303 showed 60%control,which was higher than that of SH2303+DP(45%)and SH2303+SH2303(35%).All these treatments induced the synthesis of defense-related enzymes(phenylalanine ammonia lyase(PAL),catalase(CAT),and superoxide dismutase(SOD))and the defence-related gene expression of SA pathway(PR1).Taken together the in-vitro leaf test and field trial,the control of SCLB by synergistic application of DP+SH2303 was similar to that of DP+DP.Among synergistic application,the sequential application of DP+SH2303 showed better control than the sequential application of SH2303+DP.It was concluded that the synergistic application of chemical fungicide(DP)and biocontrol agent(T.harzianum SH2303)could be used to reduce the chemical fungicide and to reduce the SCLB diseases in maize,which provided alternative approach to realize an eco-friendly controlling of the foliar disease.展开更多
In our previous studies, we identified 3 Trichoderma strains with anti-Fusarium oxysporum activity, including T. asperellum 525, T. harzianum 610, and T. pseudokoningii 886. Here, we evaluated the effects of these 3 T...In our previous studies, we identified 3 Trichoderma strains with anti-Fusarium oxysporum activity, including T. asperellum 525, T. harzianum 610, and T. pseudokoningii 886. Here, we evaluated the effects of these 3 Trichoderma strains on preventing cucumber fusarium wilt through pot culture and greenhouse culture experiments. All 3 Trichoderma strains demonstrated higher control effects toward cucumber fusarium wilt than previous studies, with efficacies over 78%. Additionally, inoculation with the 3 Trichoderma strains significantly promoted the quality and yield of cucumbers. Among the 3 strains, Trichoderma 866 was the most effective, with disease control efficacy of 78.64% and a cucumber yield increase of 33%. Furthermore, seedlings inoculated with Trichoderma exhibited significantly increased measures of plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, aboveground fresh weight, underground fresh weight, chlorophyll content, and nitric nitrogen content, as well as the activities of several stress-resistance enzymes, including superoxide dismutase(SOD), peroxidase(POD), catalase(CAT), polyphenol oxidase(PPO), and ascorbate oxidase(AAO). In addition, the plants inoculated with Trichoderma showed decreased cell membrane permeability and malondialdehyde(MDA) content in the leaves. Together, our results suggest that T. asperellum 525, T. harzianum 610, and T. pseudokoningii 886 inoculations inhibit F. oxysporum infection, stimulate the metabolism in cucumbers, and enhance the activities of stress-resistance enzymes, which consequently promote the growth of cucumber plants, prevent cucumber fusarium wilt, and improve the yield and quality of cucumbers. T. harzianum is a commonly used biocontrol fungus, while few studies have focused on T. asperellum or T. koningense. In this study, strains of T. asperellum and T. pseudokoningii showed excellent plant disease prevention and growth promoting effects on cucumber, indicating that they also have great potential as biocontrol fungi.展开更多
Korean spruce (Picea koraiensis Sieb. E1 Zucc.) is one of the main afforestation species in northern China. Seedling quality is a critical factor at planting time. To test whether the synergistic growth enhancement ...Korean spruce (Picea koraiensis Sieb. E1 Zucc.) is one of the main afforestation species in northern China. Seedling quality is a critical factor at planting time. To test whether the synergistic growth enhancement of Scotch pine (P. sylvestris var. mongolica) seedlings brought by the plant beneficial fungus Trichoderma virens (J.H. Mill., Giddens and A.A. Foster) Arx and ectomycorrhizal fungus (Suillus luteus (L.) Roussel.) can also benefit Korean spruce seed- lings, we examined the effects of S. luteus and T. virens on the growth of P. koraiensis seedlings and drought resistance of P. sylvestris var. mongolica in peat soils. The two fungi were added to sterilized peat soil in pots, and the plants were grown for 4 months. Seedling growth and physiological variables, including mycorrhizal colonization rate of roots, biomass, and chlorophyll content, were examined. The colonization rate of the mycorrhizal fungus on P. koraiensis exceeded 65 %, and the synergism between S. luteus and T. virens enhanced most of the variables for P. koraiensis seedlings after inoculation with S. luteus then 30 days later with T. virens as in our published results for seedlings of P. sylvestris var. mongolica. When seedlings of P. sylvestris var. mongolica were inoculated with this sequence, they became more drought tolerant. T. virens also induced S. luteus to produce -l,3-glucanase and chitinase. This inocu- lation sequence at planting can thus improve the quality of P. sylvestris var. mongolica and P. koraiensis seedlings and substantiates our previous results.展开更多
Two new harziane diterpenoids, named(9R,10R)-dihydro-harzianone(1) and harzianelactone(2), were isolated from the endophytic fungus Trichoderma sp. Xy24 by using various column chromatography techniques. Their s...Two new harziane diterpenoids, named(9R,10R)-dihydro-harzianone(1) and harzianelactone(2), were isolated from the endophytic fungus Trichoderma sp. Xy24 by using various column chromatography techniques. Their structures were determined on the basis of extensive spectroscopic(HR-ESI-MS, 1D NMR, 2D NMR and CD) analyses. Among them, 1 was the reductive product of harzianone and 2 was the Baeyer–Villiger monooxygenase catalyzed oxidation product of harzianone. Compound 1 exhibited cytotoxic activity against He La and MCF-7 cell lines with IC(50) values of 30.1 μmol/L and 30.7 μmol/L,respectively.展开更多
Of diseases affecting maize(Zea mays), Fusarium graminearum is one of the most common pathogenic fungi that cause stalk rot. In the present study, the Trichoderma asperellum GDFS1009 strain was shown to be an effectiv...Of diseases affecting maize(Zea mays), Fusarium graminearum is one of the most common pathogenic fungi that cause stalk rot. In the present study, the Trichoderma asperellum GDFS1009 strain was shown to be an effective biocontrol agent against stalk rot. In a confrontation culture test, Trichoderma strain displayed an approximately 60% inhibition rate on the mycelial growth of F. graminearum. In pot trials, the application of 2 g/pot of T. asperellum GDFS1009 granules had the best control effect on stalk rot at the seedling stage(up to 53.7%), while the average plant height and fresh weight were also significantly improved. Additionally when fertilizer was added at 8 g/pot, the application of 3 g/pot of Trichoderma granules had the best control effect on maize stalk rot(40.95%). In field trials, when inoculating F. graminearum alone, the disease index for inoculating was 62.45, but only 31.43 after treatment with T. asperellum GDFS1009 granules, suggesting a control efficiency of 49.67%. Furthermore, in a naturally F. graminearum-infected field, Trichoderma granules, when applied for 3 consecutive years, showed significant control of stalk rot and increased yields.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant number 82404451,82473805)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of South-Central Minzu University(grant number CZQ24025,CZH25030,YZY25002)+1 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China(grant number 2023YFF1104001)Supported by the Fund for Academic Innovation Teams of South-Central Minzu University(Grant Number:XTZ24029).
摘要Purpose Triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC),characterized by the absence of estrogen receptor(ER),progesterone receptor(PR),and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)expression,remains clinically challenging due to the lack of effective targeted therapies.This investigation revealed the anti-TNBC potential of Trichoderma viride ethyl acetate extract(TVEAE)from the endophytic fungus Trichoderma viride isolated from Coreopsis basalis.Methods Pharmacological validation ofTVEAE's anti-TNBC efficacy was conducted through in vitro and in vivo phar-macological models.The cell death mechanisms were systematically investigated using Hoechst staining,reactive oxygen species(ROS)detection,and lipid peroxidation assays.Potential therapeutic targets and signaling pathways were identified by integrating network pharmacology,transcriptomics,and weighted gene co-expression network analysis(WGCNA).Furthermore,this study validated key tumor-related proteins involved in tumor progression and cell death pathways via Western blotting.Finally,chemical constituents were characterized through molecular network coupled with Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking(GNPS)analysis.Results Both in vitro and in vivo models established TVEAE's significant anti-TNBC efficacy.Mechanistic interrogation established TVEAE-mediated ferroptosis induction via selective modulation of leukocyte transendothelial migration(TEM)signaling cascades.Integrative analysis combining transcriptomics,WGCNA,and network pharmacology identified IL-6/TNF-α/HSP90AA1 as core therapeutic targets regulating TEM pathway dynamics.GNPS-assisted molecular network-ing uncovered six structurally novel anti-TNBC metabolites,including N-lauryldiethanolamine,erucamide,and Gliotoxin.Conclusion This study provides the first evidence ofTVEAE's anti-TNBC activity through multi-target engagement along the leukocyteTEM signaling axis,effectively triggering ferroptosis.The mechanistic elucidation advances TNBC therapeutic development,offering a multi-dimensional targeting strategy against this recalcitrant malignancy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.21968001).
摘要The discharge of effluents containing uranium(U)ions into aquatic ecosystems poses significant risks to both human health and marine organisms.This study investigated the biosorption of U(VI)ions from aqueous solutions using corncob-sodium alginate(SA)-immobilized Trichoderma aureoviride hyphal pellets.Experimental parameters,including initial solution pH,initial concentration,temperature,and contact time,were systematically examined to understand their influence on the bioadsorption process.Results showed that the corncob-SA-immobilized T.aureoviride hyphal pellets exhibited maximum uranium biosorption capacity at an initial pH of 6.23 and a contact time of 12 h.The equilibrium data aligned with the Langmuir isotherm model,with a maximum biosorption capacity of 105.60 mg/g at 301 K.Moreover,biosorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model.In terms of thermodynamic parameters,the changes in Gibbs-free energy(△G°)were determined to be-4.29 kJ/mol at 301 K,the changes in enthalpy(△H°)were 46.88 kJ/mol,and the changes in entropy(△S°)was 164.98 J/(mol·K).Notably,the adsorbed U(VI)could be efficiently desorbed using Na2CO3,with a maximum readsorption efficiency of 53.6%.Scanning electron microscopic(SEM)analysis revealed U(VI)ion binding onto the hyphal pellet surface.This study underscores the efficacy of corncob-SA-immobilized T.aureoviride hyphal pellets as a cost-effective and environmentally favorable biosorbent material for removing U(VI)from aquatic ecosystems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32060589).
摘要The nascent polypeptide-associated complex(NAC)plays crucial roles in various biological functions in eukaryotes and has been extensively studied in animals and plants;however,its role in the biocontrol mechanisms of microorganisms requires further investigation.This study examined the function of TbNACα,a NAC subunit,in the biocontrol activity of Trichoderma breve T069 against Sclerotium rolfsii.Following deletion of the TbNACα gene from T.breve T069,the ΔTbNACα mutant exhibited significantly reduced mycelial growth,spore production,and spore germination.While volatile substances from ΔTbNACα showed no significant effect on S.rolfsii,non-volatile substances demonstrated significant inhibition of S.rolfsii growth.Transcriptome sequencing analysis revealed 3,398 differentially expressed genes in the ΔTbNACα mutant compared to wild-type T069,primarily regulating genes associated with secondary metabolite biosynthetic enzymes,hydrolases,and membrane transport proteins.Untargeted metabolomics identified 50 upregulated metabolites(27 in positive ion mode and 23 in negative ion mode)in crude extracts from ΔTbNACα mutant metabolite broth.Among these metabolic substances,ethyl caffeate demonstrated the strongest activity against S.rolfsii,with an EC50 of 107.15μg mL-1.Quantitative real-time PCR(qPCR)analysis indicated significant upregulation of genes involved in the ethyl caffeate synthesis pathway in ΔTbNACα strains.This research establishes the negative regulation of ethyl caffeate synthesis and elucidates the antagonistic inhibition mechanism of TbNACα in T.breve T069.
基金T.M.and D.B.was supported by the Sholarship Program of the Ministry of Culture and Innovation,Financed from the National Research,Development and Innovation Fund(EKÖP-24-4SZTE-629,EKÖP-24-4-SZTE-605,respectively)C.T.is supported by the short-term KGYNK-2024 grant from the Hungarian Academy of Sciences(HAS)S.K.,C.V.and T.P.were supported by the grants HUN-REN 2001007 and TKP2021-EGA-28.
摘要This study focuses on the peptaibiome produced by different species of Trichoderma belonging to clade Viride:T.koningii SZMC 28387(CBS 979.70),T.cf.strigosellum SZMC 28007(TUCIM 4886/IQ 191),T.cf.dorothopsis SZMC 28390(TUCIM 416/TUB F-597),T.cf.strigosellum SZMC 28391(TUCIM 423/DAOM 230018),T.atroviride SZMC 28748(IMI 206040),T.hamatum SZMC 28747(TUCIM 2730)and T.cf.dorothopsis SZMC 28005(TUCIM 4882/IQ 11).We were able to identify new compounds with similarity to already known groups of peptaibiotics,as well as completely newly discovered compounds using high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)-mass spectrometry(MS).From the 367 peptaibiotics identified,216 are peptaibols and 111 are lipopeptaibols.Out of all peptaibols,55 are previously known,while 161 are newly discovered.The new peptaibol subgroups Strigosellin A,B and Dorothopsin A,B are intro-duced.Furthermore,besides 38 previously known lipopeptaibols,73 new lipopeptaibol sequences,named Lipostrigo-sellins and Lipohamatins are also reported.In addition,41 peptaibol-like compounds with unusual C-terminus were also found.Out of the 7 strains examined,5 produced both peptaibols and lipopeptaibols,while 2 only peptaibols.The well-known compound,Trikoningin KA V(TRK-V)also produced by T.koningii SZMC 28387(CBS 979.70),was stud-ied for its folding dynamics using accelerated molecular dynamics simulations(aMD)for understanding the plausible three-dimensional structures adopted by these peptaibols of clade Viride.We observed a propensity to form kinked,right-handed helical structures when simulated in an aqueous environment.
基金supported by Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources(Grant No.00-45-666).
摘要The objective of this study was to identify antifungal secondary metabolites produced during the early spore germination stage of Trichoderma harzianum,T.virens,and T.atroviride and evaluate their inhibitory effects on spore germination for 18 postharvest fungal species including Alternaria,Aspergillus,Botrytis cinerea,Cladosporium,Fusarium,and Penicillium on PDA medium supplemented with 200μg/mL of secondary metabolites derived from each Trichoderma species.Secondary metabolites were extracted with ethyl acetate,diluted in n-hexane,and identified by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry(GC-MS)using a non-polar column and NIST23 library matching(≥85%).In comparation with control(p≤0.05),T.atroviride showed the highest inhibition of spore germination in A.alternata(39.93%),and A.tenuissima(37.97%).T.harzianum was most effective against F.oxysporum(40.84%);and T.virens inhibited F.oxysporum(37.02%),A.alternata(35.05%),A.tenuissima(37.05%),and A.arborescens(35.06%).Among 39 identified metabolites,30.76%,12.82%,and 15.38%originated from T.atroviride,T.virens,and T.harzianum,respectively.Furthermore,23.07%were common to all three species.Additionally,12.82%of the compounds were shared between T.virens and T.harzianum,while only 5.12%were shared between T.atroviride and T.virens.Several antifungal metabolites,including lauric acid,palmitic acid methyl ester,undecanoic acid,decanoic acid,itaconic acid,and hexadecanoic acid methyl ester,were identified during the initial spore germination stage of Trichoderma spp.The antifungal metabolites identified likely contribute to the ecological competitiveness of Trichoderma in the natural environment and underscore their potential in suppressing plant pathogens in agriculture.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC2303000).
摘要Several Trichoderma species serve as biocontrol agents in agriculture through their phytopathogen growth inhibition capabilities.However,the antagonistic mechanism of certain strains primarily operates through direct action.This study aims to explore an effective strain with comprehensive capabilities and elucidate its practical viability and action mechanism.Trichoderma gamsii strain TC959,exhibiting robust antagonistic and plant growth-promoting properties,was identified.The strain directly inhibits plant pathogen through the production of secondary metabolites,siderophores,and chitinase/xylanase,while promotes plant growth via indole-3-acetic acid/gibberellin release.Additionally,the strain activates induced systemic resistance by enhancing the chlorophyll a/b ratio and jasmonic acid content in pepper seedlings through root colonization,leading to elevated defense-related gene expression,antioxidant enzyme activity,and indole-3-acetic acid/gibberellin production.These mechanisms collectively enhance disease resistance and promote plant growth.Moreover,TC959 demonstrates superior resistance to oxidation and chemical fungicides,facilitating strain viability maintenance and ensuring healthy pepper seedling development.The study concludes that strain TC959 exhibits significant biocontrol potential and comprehensive functions against pepper damping-off disease,warranting further practical applications.
基金supported by The Ministry of Research and Technology/National Agency for Research and Innovation and Universitas Sumatera Utara(USU).
摘要Basal stem rot,caused by Ganoderma boninense is a serious disease in oil palm plantations in North Sumatra,Indonesia.However,the use of fungicides to control this pathogen can cause instability in terrestrial ecosystems and decrease the number of beneficial microorganisms.Therefore,identifying other effective and environmentally friendly control methods,such as Trichoderma,is essential.Trichoderma was previously isolated from the leaf,rachis,stem,and root tissues of oil palms but not from the rhizosphere soil.Therefore,this study aimed to assess the potency of indigenous Trichoderma isolates from the rhizosphere soil of oil palm seedling plantations in Bukit Kijang,North Sumatra,Indonesia,as biocontrol agents to reduce G.boninense infection.Four Trichoderma isolates were isolated from healthy oil palm rhizospheres in Bukit Kijang and screened in vitro.Based on molecular identification,the Trichoderma isolates were identified as T.asperellum1,T.virens1,T.asperellum2,and T.virens2.All Trichoderma species inhibited the development of Ganoderma and stimulated the vegetative growth of oil palm seedlings.Therefore,T.asperellum and T.virens can be used as biocontrol agents to control G.boninense and stimulate the vegetative growth of oil palm seedlings.To our knowledge,this is the first report of indigenous Trichoderma isolates from Bukit Kijang that can be used as biocontrol agents to control G.boninense.
摘要Background:Momordica charantia L.var.abbreviata Ser.(MCA),locally known as“ampalayang ligaw”,is a wild variety of Momordica charantia L.,and a valuable medicinal plant possessing hypoglycemic activity.However,it only grows in open fields and is not widely cultivated due to slow growth and low productivity.Methods:To enhance its overall plant health,a consortium of three Trichoderma spp.was inoculated into MCA.The effects on growth,floral biology,productivity,and total triterpenes were assessed to determine the efficacy of Trichoderma spp.as a sustainable and environment-friendly plant growth promoter.A consortium of three Trichoderma spp.(T.ghanense,T.pseudokoningii,and T.harzianum)mixed in equal proportions were applied as seed coat and soil drench according to previous recommendations.Results:Results show that Trichoderma-treated MCA exhibited significantly(P<0.05)greater leaf area and growth rate compared to the untreated control.Trichoderma likewise affected the floral biology of MCA with bigger flower sizes(P<0.01),earlier male flower emergence,and increased number of female flowers(P<0.05).Regarding productivity,Trichoderma significantly increased the fruit set,dry weight and length of fruits(P<0.01),number of fruits per plant,and seed germination percentage(P<0.05).An increase in shoot length was significantly correlated to a greater number of fruits hence with higher productivity.Trichoderma also significantly enhanced(22%increase)the total triterpenes in MCA leaves,probably owing to hormonal modulation of gene expression changes as previous studies have shown.The increased triterpene content suggests an enhanced pharmacological potential of Trichoderma-treated MCA for diabetes management,warranting further bioactivity studies.Conclusion:Therefore,these results reveal the efficacy of Trichoderma on MCA productivity enhancement,demonstrating the potential of Trichoderma-treated MCA to become more amenable to commercial cultivation.
基金funded by the Budget Bureau and NSTDA under project code PG2400015,as well as the Thailand Science Research and Innovation(TSRI)through the Fundamental Fund:FF68(P2451576)Nattawut Boonyuen sincerely acknowledges BIOTECNSTDA(Project Nos P2450748,P2451951,and P2451576)for their partial financial support of the manuscript+2 种基金funding from the Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies,Mahidol University(SeedGrant No.01-2567)from Grant No.RGNS 65-157,provided by the Office of the Permanent Secretary,Ministry of Higher Education,Science,Research,and Innovation(OPS MHESI)and TSRIYuwei Hu would like to acknowledge the Department of Science and Technology of Yunnan,China(Grant No:202303AP14000).
摘要Mycelium-based blocks(MBBs)represent an innovative and eco-friendly approach to composite material design,combining fungal mycelium with lignocellulosic biomass to produce sustainable,rapidly regenerating materials with intrinsic hydrophobic properties.This study investigates the fabrication and characterization of MBBs using Pleurotus ostreatus(Basidiomycota)as the mycelial binding agent and compares its performance with Trichoderma virens(Ascomycota),a non-mushroom mycelial alternative.The performance of both fungal species was assessed using three lignocellulosic substrates:bamboo residues(BRs),spent coffee grounds(SCGs),and rice husks(RHs).Substrates were evaluated individually(100%BRs,SCGs,or RHs)and in binary mixtures at a 50:50 ratio(BRs:SCGs,BRs:RHs,and SCGs:RHs).The physical and mechanical properties—including density,water absorption,compressive strength,and modulus of rupture—were systematically evaluated.Results demonstrated that MBBs composed of BRs and P.ostreatus mycelium achieved the highest average compressive strength(0.190 MPa),outperforming T.virens-based blocks and other MBB formulations.Additionally,blocks incorporating RHs,SCGs,and P.ostreatus exhibited the highest density,reaching 379 kg/m³.In contrast,RH-based blocks with T.virens mycelium showed the highest water absorption,at 294.25%.Overall,MBBs utilizing P.ostreatus mycelium outperformed those with T.virens in key metrics such as density,compressive strength,and modulus of rupture,though water absorption was a notable exception.These findings underscore the potential of MBBs—particularly those incorporating SCGs,BRs,and RHs—as sustainable,non-load-bearing construction materials.Their reduced reliance on conventional resources highlights their promise as eco-friendly alternatives for sustainable applications.
摘要Trichoderma strains possessing biological control functions have been used in agriculture against phytopathogens.Currently,only very few species of the genus were applied to or involved in plant disease control.Discovery of additional useful resources is desperately needed.In this study,biocontrol effect of Trichoderma vermifimicola strain TC467 was evaluated by dual confrontation culture,cellophane and two-compartment culture,pot experiments,and resistance to chemical fungicides.The results demonstrated that TC467 produced substances essential to phytopathogen control(including siderophore,xylanase and chitinase)and plant growth promoters(producing indole-3-acetic acid and gibberellin).The strain displayed a high inhibition rate against Botrytis cinerea reaching 85.26%;and its non-volatile and volatile secondary metabolites showed the inhibition rates to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and B.cinerea as high as 84.67%and 47.62%,respectively.In pot experiments,comparing with untreated plants TC467 significantly enhanced the height and fresh weight of lettuce(Lactuca sativa var.ramosa)by 46.69%and 15.33%,respectively.Its fermentation broth effectively minimized the lettuce disease caused by B.cinerea with inhibition rate of 87.76%.In addition,the strain showed higher tolerance to hymexazol water-dispersible granule than that to other tested fungicides;at the concentration of 0.42 mg/L the growth rate of TC467 can even approach 98.19%.T.vermifimicola strain TC467 has the potential for practical application in biocontrol especially plant diseases caused by B.cinerea,which extends our knowledge of nature beneficial resources.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFD0200403)the Key International Intergove rnmental Scientific and Technological Innovation Cooperation Project, China (2017YFE0104900)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31750110455, 31672072)the Agriculture Research System of Shanghai, China (201710)the earmarked fund for the China Agriculture Research System (CARS-02)
摘要Maize is one of the major crops in China, but maize stalk rot occurs nationwide and has become one of the major challenges in maize production in China. In order to find an environment-friendly and feasible technology to control this disease, a Trichoderma-based biocontrol agent was selected. Forty-eight strains with various inhibition activities to Fusarium graminearum, and Fusarium verticillioides were tested. A group of Trichoderma strains(DLY31, SG3403, DLY1303 and GDFS1009) were found to provide an inhibition rate to pathogen growth in vitro of over 70%. These strains also prevented pathogen infection over 65% and promoted the maize seedling growth for the main root in vivo by over 50%. Due to its advantage in antifungal activity against pathogens and promotion activity to maize, Trichoderma asperellum GDSF1009 was selected as the most promising strain of the biocontrol agent in the Trichoderma spectrum. Pot experiments showed that the Trichoderma agent at 2–3 g/pot could achieve the best control of seedling stalk rot and promotion of maize seedling growth. In the field experiments, 8–10 g/hole was able to achieve over 65% control to stalk rot, and yield increased by 2–11%. In the case of natural morbidity, the control efficiency ranged from 27.23 to 48.84%, and the rate of yield increase reached 11.70%, with a dosage of Trichoderma granules at 75 kg ha^-1. Based on these results, we concluded that the Trichoderma agent is a promising biocontrol approach to stalk rot in maize.
基金the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Saud University,Saudi Arabia(RGP-271)
摘要Plant secondary metabolites play vital role in plant stress response. In this study we investigated whether root colonization of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) infected by Trichoderma harzianum leads to alterations in the biosynthesis of secondary plant metabolites including phytohormones and osmolyte proline under drought stress. Exposure of tomato to drought caused a drastic decline in plant growth and physiological parameters. Tomato inoculated with T. harzianum showed increased root and shoot growth and chlorophyll pigments as compared to uninoculated controls as well as drought stressed plants. Proline and total soluble protein content was increased in plants inoculated with T. harzianum under both normal as well as drought conditions. An obvious increase in phenol and flavonoid content was observed due to T. haczianum. In addition, T. hat-zianum inoculated plants maintained higher levels of growth regulators indole acetic acid, indole butyric acid, and gibberellic acid under drought stress. Improved secondary metabolites which play an important role in plant stress tolerance by T. hat-zianum may have coordinately worked for bringing the growth regulation by protecting membranes from reactive oxygen species (ROS) and enhance plant growth through accessing more nutrients by root system.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFD0201108, 2017YFD0200901)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31672072, 31872015, 31750110455)+2 种基金the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System (CARS-02)the Key National R&D Programs of China-Key International Intergovernmental Scientific and Technological Innovation Cooperation Projects (2017YFE0104900)the Agriculture Research System of Shanghai, China (201710)
摘要Southern corn leaf blight(SCLB)disease caused by Cochliobolus heterostrophus is one of the major threats to corn production worldwide.The synergistic application of low toxic chemical fungicide and biocontrol agents could improve biocontrol stability and efficiency against plant diseases,which ultimately reduce use of chemical fungicide.Trichoderma spp.,well-known biocontrol fungi have been used to control some foliar diseases.However,few works have been reported on synergistic application of chemical fungicide and Trichoderma against foliar diseases.This study was aimed to investigate the control effect on the synergistic application of Trichoderma harzianum SH2303 and difenoconazole-propiconazole(DP)against SCLB.Results showed that the synergistic application of DP and SH2303 reduced the leaf spot area compared to the control.The efficacy of synergistic application of DP+SH2303 against SCLB could last for 15–20 d in pot trial under the greenhouse condition.Under the natural field condition,maize treated with DP+DP and DP+SH2303 showed 60%control,which was higher than that of SH2303+DP(45%)and SH2303+SH2303(35%).All these treatments induced the synthesis of defense-related enzymes(phenylalanine ammonia lyase(PAL),catalase(CAT),and superoxide dismutase(SOD))and the defence-related gene expression of SA pathway(PR1).Taken together the in-vitro leaf test and field trial,the control of SCLB by synergistic application of DP+SH2303 was similar to that of DP+DP.Among synergistic application,the sequential application of DP+SH2303 showed better control than the sequential application of SH2303+DP.It was concluded that the synergistic application of chemical fungicide(DP)and biocontrol agent(T.harzianum SH2303)could be used to reduce the chemical fungicide and to reduce the SCLB diseases in maize,which provided alternative approach to realize an eco-friendly controlling of the foliar disease.
基金support from the National Key R&D Program of China (2018YFD0201202)the National Science and Technology Basic Work, China (2014FY120900)the 948 Program of China (2011-G4)
摘要In our previous studies, we identified 3 Trichoderma strains with anti-Fusarium oxysporum activity, including T. asperellum 525, T. harzianum 610, and T. pseudokoningii 886. Here, we evaluated the effects of these 3 Trichoderma strains on preventing cucumber fusarium wilt through pot culture and greenhouse culture experiments. All 3 Trichoderma strains demonstrated higher control effects toward cucumber fusarium wilt than previous studies, with efficacies over 78%. Additionally, inoculation with the 3 Trichoderma strains significantly promoted the quality and yield of cucumbers. Among the 3 strains, Trichoderma 866 was the most effective, with disease control efficacy of 78.64% and a cucumber yield increase of 33%. Furthermore, seedlings inoculated with Trichoderma exhibited significantly increased measures of plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, aboveground fresh weight, underground fresh weight, chlorophyll content, and nitric nitrogen content, as well as the activities of several stress-resistance enzymes, including superoxide dismutase(SOD), peroxidase(POD), catalase(CAT), polyphenol oxidase(PPO), and ascorbate oxidase(AAO). In addition, the plants inoculated with Trichoderma showed decreased cell membrane permeability and malondialdehyde(MDA) content in the leaves. Together, our results suggest that T. asperellum 525, T. harzianum 610, and T. pseudokoningii 886 inoculations inhibit F. oxysporum infection, stimulate the metabolism in cucumbers, and enhance the activities of stress-resistance enzymes, which consequently promote the growth of cucumber plants, prevent cucumber fusarium wilt, and improve the yield and quality of cucumbers. T. harzianum is a commonly used biocontrol fungus, while few studies have focused on T. asperellum or T. koningense. In this study, strains of T. asperellum and T. pseudokoningii showed excellent plant disease prevention and growth promoting effects on cucumber, indicating that they also have great potential as biocontrol fungi.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31170597, 31200484)the National Fiveyear Science and Technology Research Project (2012BAD19B0801)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2572014AA30)the National Forestry Bureau ‘‘948’’ Project (2009-4-39) for financial support
摘要Korean spruce (Picea koraiensis Sieb. E1 Zucc.) is one of the main afforestation species in northern China. Seedling quality is a critical factor at planting time. To test whether the synergistic growth enhancement of Scotch pine (P. sylvestris var. mongolica) seedlings brought by the plant beneficial fungus Trichoderma virens (J.H. Mill., Giddens and A.A. Foster) Arx and ectomycorrhizal fungus (Suillus luteus (L.) Roussel.) can also benefit Korean spruce seed- lings, we examined the effects of S. luteus and T. virens on the growth of P. koraiensis seedlings and drought resistance of P. sylvestris var. mongolica in peat soils. The two fungi were added to sterilized peat soil in pots, and the plants were grown for 4 months. Seedling growth and physiological variables, including mycorrhizal colonization rate of roots, biomass, and chlorophyll content, were examined. The colonization rate of the mycorrhizal fungus on P. koraiensis exceeded 65 %, and the synergism between S. luteus and T. virens enhanced most of the variables for P. koraiensis seedlings after inoculation with S. luteus then 30 days later with T. virens as in our published results for seedlings of P. sylvestris var. mongolica. When seedlings of P. sylvestris var. mongolica were inoculated with this sequence, they became more drought tolerant. T. virens also induced S. luteus to produce -l,3-glucanase and chitinase. This inocu- lation sequence at planting can thus improve the quality of P. sylvestris var. mongolica and P. koraiensis seedlings and substantiates our previous results.
基金supported by the Science & Technology Project of Guangdong Province (No. 2011A080403020)
摘要Two new harziane diterpenoids, named(9R,10R)-dihydro-harzianone(1) and harzianelactone(2), were isolated from the endophytic fungus Trichoderma sp. Xy24 by using various column chromatography techniques. Their structures were determined on the basis of extensive spectroscopic(HR-ESI-MS, 1D NMR, 2D NMR and CD) analyses. Among them, 1 was the reductive product of harzianone and 2 was the Baeyer–Villiger monooxygenase catalyzed oxidation product of harzianone. Compound 1 exhibited cytotoxic activity against He La and MCF-7 cell lines with IC(50) values of 30.1 μmol/L and 30.7 μmol/L,respectively.
基金supported by the grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFD0200403, 2017YFD0201108, and 2017YFE0104900)the "948" Project of China (2016-X48)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31750110455, 31872015)the earmarked fund for China Agricultural Research System (CARS-02-26)
摘要Of diseases affecting maize(Zea mays), Fusarium graminearum is one of the most common pathogenic fungi that cause stalk rot. In the present study, the Trichoderma asperellum GDFS1009 strain was shown to be an effective biocontrol agent against stalk rot. In a confrontation culture test, Trichoderma strain displayed an approximately 60% inhibition rate on the mycelial growth of F. graminearum. In pot trials, the application of 2 g/pot of T. asperellum GDFS1009 granules had the best control effect on stalk rot at the seedling stage(up to 53.7%), while the average plant height and fresh weight were also significantly improved. Additionally when fertilizer was added at 8 g/pot, the application of 3 g/pot of Trichoderma granules had the best control effect on maize stalk rot(40.95%). In field trials, when inoculating F. graminearum alone, the disease index for inoculating was 62.45, but only 31.43 after treatment with T. asperellum GDFS1009 granules, suggesting a control efficiency of 49.67%. Furthermore, in a naturally F. graminearum-infected field, Trichoderma granules, when applied for 3 consecutive years, showed significant control of stalk rot and increased yields.