Synergistically improving the yield and grain quality of rice remains a major breeding challenge.Amino acid transporters play key roles in regulating plant growth and development,but their mechanisms in synergisticall...Synergistically improving the yield and grain quality of rice remains a major breeding challenge.Amino acid transporters play key roles in regulating plant growth and development,but their mechanisms in synergistically regulating yield and quality remain unclear.Here,we report that the plasma membrane-localized transporter OsAAP18,which is more highly expressed in indica than japonica rice,positively correlates with tiller number and yield but negatively with grain width.OsAAP18 transports eight amino acids,including asparagine(Asn),proline(Pro),leucine(Leu),and valine(Val).Its overexpression increases yield through enhanced tillering and grain number per panicle while also improving rice processing and cooking quality.Transcriptome analysis showed that OsAAP18 coordinates grain development and quality formation by regulating the expression of key genes involved in starch and sucrose metabolism,nitrogen metabolism,and plant hormone signaling pathways.These findings establish OsAAP18 as a dual-function regulator that synergistically enhances yield and quality,offering a promising target for rice breeding.展开更多
Owing to the portability,cheapness and flexible deployment,the unmanned aerial vehicle-based radar and communication coexistence(RCC)systems are widely adopted in Internet of Things applications.A joint power,bandwidt...Owing to the portability,cheapness and flexible deployment,the unmanned aerial vehicle-based radar and communication coexistence(RCC)systems are widely adopted in Internet of Things applications.A joint power,bandwidth,and subchannel allocation(JPBSA)strategy is proposed for a RCC network,aiming to optimize resource utilization under mutual spectrum interference.The Cram er-Rao lower bound(CRLB)is employed to assess the target localization accuracy.The optimization model is formulated as minimizing the sum of weighted predicted CRLBs while satisfying the communication data rate requirements and constraints of power and bandwidth budget.It is shown that the JPBSA problem falls into the mixed-integer programming problem.Even worse,the three variables are coherent in the objective function and constraints.A four-phase alternating optimization framework(FPAOF)is developed to address this issue.The FPAOF incorporates the joint convexification of radar and communication power allocation via Taylor approximation,bandwidth upper bound adaptation,and the opportunistic spectrum access-based method for subchannel allocation.Numerical evaluations demonstrate the proposed strategy's superiority in terms of localization accuracy improvement and computational tractability in comparison to state-of-the-art methods.The findings also indicate the superiority of using CRLB as the optimization metric than the signal-to-interference-plus-noise and mutual information.展开更多
Understanding the patterns and drivers of biomass allocation among organs at a broad scale is crucial for predicting the responses of plant growth and carbon sequestration to environmental change.However,the extent to...Understanding the patterns and drivers of biomass allocation among organs at a broad scale is crucial for predicting the responses of plant growth and carbon sequestration to environmental change.However,the extent to which the general rules govern these patterns and the key factors affecting biomass allocation remain poorly understood.Using a global dataset of 239 tree species,we tested the two prevailing theories(i.e.,the allometric partitioning theory(APT)and the optimal partitioning theory(OPT))by investigating the scaling relationships between plant organs and how environmental factors and phylogeny shape the patterns of biomass allocation.Our results generally support APT at the global scale,with variations in biomass allocation patterns explained by OPT.As plant size increased,a significant shift in biomass allocation from leaves to roots and stems,as well as from roots to stems,was observed.Specific environmental factors(including temperature,precipitation variables,and soil properties)significantly influenced biomass allocation with distinct patterns in the angiosperms and gymnosperms,even when the allometric effects were taken into account.We conclude that tree biomass allocation among organs(i.e.,the ratios of leaf to stem,leaf to root,stem to root,and aboveground to belowground)is governed by allometry but modulated by optimization at the global scale.Our findings highlight the importance of considering both the ontogenetic and environmental effects in predicting the responses of biomass sequestration to phylogenetic and environmental factors.展开更多
Human-machine collaboration is a key feature of Single Pilot Operations(SPO).With only a single pilot in the cockpit,workload monitoring and adjustment become even more critical compared to Dual-Pilot Operations(DPO)....Human-machine collaboration is a key feature of Single Pilot Operations(SPO).With only a single pilot in the cockpit,workload monitoring and adjustment become even more critical compared to Dual-Pilot Operations(DPO).Hence,a dynamic function allocation mechanism must be established—increasing the Level of Automation(LOA)under high workload conditions and reducing it under low workload conditions to maintain situational awareness.To address the challenges of excessive subjectivity and limited knowledge transfer in the existing dynamic function allocation methods,this paper proposes a dynamic function allocation method based on Bayesianenhanced Q-Learning(BQL).First,a Bayesian Network(BN)is constructed to predict HumanMachine System(HMS)performance,determining when reallocation should be triggered.Compared to the existing trigger mechanisms,this approach enables earlier activation while maintaining non-intrusive.Then,the BN-predicted HMS performance is integrated into the reward feedback for the reinforcement learning algorithm,allowing the system to continuously refine its strategy through interaction with the environment.Finally,flight experiments conducted in a low-fidelity SPO simulator,incorporating both objective physiological monitoring and subjective assessments,validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.展开更多
Airborne Maneuvering Network(AMN)has attracted great attention in diverse practical scenarios.Low-altitude maneuvering UAV plays as the operational backbone of AMN to promote the development of an efficient,secure,and...Airborne Maneuvering Network(AMN)has attracted great attention in diverse practical scenarios.Low-altitude maneuvering UAV plays as the operational backbone of AMN to promote the development of an efficient,secure,and low-latency AMN by providing new airborne wireless nerve tracts.However,the widespread adoption of AMNs witnesses a drastic increase of mobile users and data-intensive applications,which makes it suffer from the intense spectrum competition.Spectrum sharing shows promise in alleviating the severe spectrum scarcity of AMNs.Moreover,due to the broadcast nature of wireless channels and the increasing probability of the line-of-sight transmission,the AMN is vulnerable to malicious jamming,especially encountering the coupled uncertainty and dynamic jamming.To solve these problems,UAV-assisted antijamming spectrum sharing in AMNs is investigated.We propose a joint space-power-frequency domain optimization approach to simultaneously mitigate both external malicious jamming and internal sharing interference.The sum rate maximization of the secondary network is studied by jointly optimizing the UAV transmit power,sub-band allocation,and trajectory.To tackle the formulated intractable non-convex problem,we propose a computationally efficient iterative algorithm based on alternating optimization,integrating the S-procedure to handle bounded uncertainties and the successive convex approximation to obtain near-optimal convex solutions.Extensive simulation results show that our proposed scheme can significantly increase the sum transmission rate.Moreover,it is shown that our proposed scheme is the best robust among all benchmark schemes against jammer location and power uncertainties,confirming the practicality for the next-generation UAV based airborne networks.展开更多
Computing Power Network(CPN)is a new paradigm that integrates communication,computing,and storage resources to provide services for tasks.However,tasks composed of non-independent subtasks have a preference for the re...Computing Power Network(CPN)is a new paradigm that integrates communication,computing,and storage resources to provide services for tasks.However,tasks composed of non-independent subtasks have a preference for the resources required at each stage,which increases the difficulty of heterogeneous resource allocation and reduces the latency performance of CPN services.Motivated by this,this paper jointly optimizes the full-service cycle of tasks,including transmission,task partitioning,and offloading.First,the transmission bandwidth is dynamically configured based on delay sensitivity of tasks.Second,with the real-time information from edge resource clusters and state resource clusters in the network,the optimal partitioning for a computation task is derived.Third,personalized resource allocation schemes are customized for computation and storage tasks respectively.Finally,the impact of resource parameter configuration on the latency violation probability of CPN is revealed.Moreover,compared with the benchmark schemes,our proposed scheme reduces the network latency violation probability by up to 1.17×in the same network setting.展开更多
In this study, a multi-location allocation problem is investigated under a temporary allocation system in light ofthe uncertain defective rate inherent to items. Based on the theoretical and modeling foundation of pre...In this study, a multi-location allocation problem is investigated under a temporary allocation system in light ofthe uncertain defective rate inherent to items. Based on the theoretical and modeling foundation of previousresearch, this study contributes in four main aspects. First, a robust optimization model is developed based on thebudget uncertainty of the defective rate of items in a multi-location inventory system. Second, given that thedetermination of uncertainty relies on the subjective judgment of decision-makers with different risk preferences,a pivotal variable method is introduced to approximate the possible thresholds of the uncertain parameter withinthe expected interval. Third, a new evaluation criterion curve, illustrating the cumulative cost differences betweenthe probabilistic and robust models, is employed through large-scale sampling to evaluate the performance of thetwo decision models. Finally, numerical experiments and sensitivity analysis are conducted to verify the performanceof the decision effects under different defective rates and stockout costs, respectively. The resultsconfirm the superior performance of the robust model, as shown through sensitivity analysis under thresholds ofvarying defective rates and stockout costs, and highlight the effectiveness of the proposed cumulative cost differenceevaluation curve. The robust model offers significant cost-control advantages over the probabilistic model,particularly in high-uncertainty scenarios. This study provides a reference method for multi-location inventoryallocation decisions with uncertain defective rates.展开更多
Determining the group forces of the thrust system is essential for trajectory control of tunnel boring machines(TBMs).Existing methods for selecting an optimal solution mainly consider the force variance among groups,...Determining the group forces of the thrust system is essential for trajectory control of tunnel boring machines(TBMs).Existing methods for selecting an optimal solution mainly consider the force variance among groups,while ignoring other constraints,such as uneven segment loading and excessive hydraulic shock.In this study,we develop a more comprehensive and robust framework for force allocation.First,a novel region-reconfigurable hydraulic system is designed,which enforces consistency among the forces acting on each segment.Then on this basis,for the ramping-up tunneling stage,quadratic programming(QP)is used to optimize force uniformity across the spatial dimension.Compared to the on-site allocation result,the improvement in force uniformity reaches up to 32.89%.Moreover,to address the hydraulic shock caused by excessive adjustment to the force,hydraulic compliance is introduced and optimized together with force uniformity using the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II(NSGA-II),which outperforms weighted QP by 1.25×106 kN2 in uniformity and 2.86 kN2 in compliance.Analyzing performance in the steady tunneling stage,the service life of the components improves significantly.To avoid a non-existent solution for the thrust force vector,a genetic algorithm-based error tolerance method is developed.Therefore,all deviation rectification commands can be answered with a minor compromise of up to 3%in the fitting accuracy of the thrust force vector.In summary,this framework enhances the adaptability and robustness of the force allocation strategy,providing a reliable foundation for TBM trajectory control.展开更多
To analyze intra-household nutrient allocation,we examine the differences in expenditure elasticities across demographic groups within rural households,employing an asymmetric model along with data from the China Heal...To analyze intra-household nutrient allocation,we examine the differences in expenditure elasticities across demographic groups within rural households,employing an asymmetric model along with data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey(CHNS)from 2004 to 2011.Our analysis reveals significant heterogeneity in household nutrient allocation:during periods of expenditure expansion,households prioritize the nutritional intake of vulnerable members,specifically children and the elderly,often at the expense of prime-age adults,particularly women.Conversely,during expenditure contraction,households shift strategies to protect the nutritional intake of prime-age adults.This asymmetry underscores the complexity of intra-household distribution and provides critical insights for designing nutrition security policies that account for economic volatility.展开更多
Allometric allocation of limiting nutrient elements at the organ level is a crucial strategy for plants to adapt to environmental changes.However,our understanding of intra-and inter-organ allocation patterns of nitro...Allometric allocation of limiting nutrient elements at the organ level is a crucial strategy for plants to adapt to environmental changes.However,our understanding of intra-and inter-organ allocation patterns of nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)in desert grassland plants remains limited.A one-year pot experiment(June 2020 to August2021)was conducted to investigate the N–P allometric scaling relationships within and between plant organs of dominant shrubs and herbaceous species cultivated in two soil types:desert eolian sand soil(DESS)and brown calcic soil(BCS).The results indicated that,overall,the leaves of both shrubs and herbaceous plants exhibited higher N and P contents compared to other plant organs.Notably,under BCS conditions,fine roots of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus exhibited higher P content than leaves.For shrubs,N content in leaves changes faster than P content,while in other organs,P content increased faster than N content.The N–P allometric exponents for herbaceous leaves and roots were 0.47 and 0.56,respectively.Additionally,N and P contents in shrub leaves and fine roots were linearly positively correlated with soil total N and P contents.Generally,changes in soil type from DESS to BCS did not alter the N–P allometric scaling relationships within specific plant organs but did affect the N and P allocation in shrub fine roots.These findings enhance our understanding of N and P allocation strategies within and between major organs of desert plants.展开更多
By comparing the growth trajectories of East Asia and Latin America,this study finds that during industrialization,East Asian economies actively advanced their manufacturing sectors toward high-end production and achi...By comparing the growth trajectories of East Asia and Latin America,this study finds that during industrialization,East Asian economies actively advanced their manufacturing sectors toward high-end production and achieved a higher relative density of high-skilled labor within this sector.In contrast,Latin American economies experienced a“low-end lock-in”in manufacturing,with high-skilled labor more heavily concentrated in the service sector.To provide a unified explanation of these patterns of industrial transformation and labor allocation,this paper develops a three-sector general equilibrium model that includes basic manufacturing(BM),high-end manufacturing(HM),and services,and incorporates labor heterogeneity.The model captures how,under different development thresholds for HM,the allocation of high-skilled labor across sectors leads to two distinct structural transformation paths:from BM to HM,or from BM to services.These paths,in turn,generate different trajectories of human capital accumulation and economic growth performance.Simulation analysis shows that dynamically adjusted industrial policies are more effective than static ones,and that combining education policy with industrial policy yields better outcomes than either policy alone.This study extends theoretical research on industrial structural transformation,highlights the importance of HM for latecomer economies,and offers theoretical underpinnings and decision-making insights for advancing new industrialization and deepening integration between industrial and talent chains.展开更多
The integration of wind-based DG introduces significant variability and uncertainty into the operation of distribution networks,which complicates the planning and decision-making process.This paper presents a dualobje...The integration of wind-based DG introduces significant variability and uncertainty into the operation of distribution networks,which complicates the planning and decision-making process.This paper presents a dualobjective stochastic optimization framework for the optimal allocation of wind DG,considering dynamic network reconfiguration across multiple loading conditions.Probabilistic modeling of wind speed is integrated using the Weibull distribution and the associated wind power uncertainty is discretized through a scenario-based point estimation method.Variability in load is accounted for by considering multiple loading levels,and the integrated uncertainty space is constructed as the Cartesian product of wind scenarios and load profiles.The optimization seeks to minimize the total energy losses together with the enhancement of reliability,quantified through the expected energy not supplied.For the solution of the complex,nonlinear,multi-objective problem,the Improved Multi-Objective Grey Wolf Optimizer(I-MGWO)is developed,including quasi-oppositional population seeding,adaptive stochastic coeficient strategy,and dynamic convex combination position update.Simulation results on the IEEE 33-bus system demonstrate that the proposed integrated strategy of simultaneous wind DG allocation and network reconfiguration gives synergistic improvements,yielding up to 55.7%reduction in energy losses,and a reduction of up to 61.4%in EENS over the base case.In both convergence speed and solution quality,I-MGWO consistently outperforms conventional algorithms and gives a robust and computationally efficient tool for distribution system planning under uncertainty.展开更多
The structured allocation of data rights requires a typification of data as a prerequisite.The existing tripartite framework comprising personal,corporate,and public data fails to adequately address the factual state ...The structured allocation of data rights requires a typification of data as a prerequisite.The existing tripartite framework comprising personal,corporate,and public data fails to adequately address the factual state of dynamic data generation and multi-party collaboration owing to its mixed application of criteria,such as source,subject,and function.Using generation methods as a classification criterion aligns with the essential nature of data as a procedural product.Based on differences in the structure of inter-subject collaboration,generation methods can be classified into four categories:independent generation,joint generation,collaborative generation,and integrated generation.Type identification should be based on three verifiable factual elements—control structure,contribution type,and risk bearing—and should proceed step by step through the generation process.Based on this framework,a three-tiered rights allocation system is established.At the carrier level,the right of possession is defined based on factual control and process traceability.At the value level,the rights of use and operation are flexibly allocated according to the nature and extent of actual contributions to achieve a dynamic alignment between powers and value creation.At the ethical level,personality protection,data security,and fair utilization obligations are transformed into defensive powers,thereby establishing a pre-constraint on the exercise of rights.Therefore,observable and verifiable facts arising during the generation process can be transformed into a normative basis for the allocation of data rights,thereby helping to enhance the effectiveness of judicial adjudication and administrative supervision.展开更多
Against the backdrop of advancing fiscal digitization,budget management methods and fiscal operation logic are undergoing changes.Existing studies mostly discuss the effectiveness of digital fiscal reforms from the pe...Against the backdrop of advancing fiscal digitization,budget management methods and fiscal operation logic are undergoing changes.Existing studies mostly discuss the effectiveness of digital fiscal reforms from the perspective of technological application or efficiency improvement,but pay relatively insufficient attention to how it affects the standardization of interdepartmental budget fund allocation.Based on this,taking the integrated budget management reform as the entry point,this paper explores the action path of fiscal digitization on the standardization of interdepartmental budget fund allocation from two levels:institutional foundation and operational mechanism.The study holds that fiscal digitization does not directly determine the allocation result of budget funds among departments,but changes the institutional environment relied on by budget allocation behavior by unifying budget rules,connecting budget management processes,and reconstructing budget information structure,thereby forming more stable and enforceable institutional constraints on departmental budget allocation.On this basis,fiscal digitization further exerts institutional constraints during the budget execution stage by embedding supervision and auditing functions into the budget execution process and improving the transparency of budget operation,inhibiting arbitrariness and strategic adjustments in interdepartmental budget allocation.Thus,the standardization of interdepartmental budget fund allocation is gradually strengthened,and the improvement of allocation efficiency is more reflected as a natural result under standardized constraints.The analysis of this paper helps to understand the governance effect of fiscal digitization from the perspective of institutional operation and provides theoretical reference for further improving the interdepartmental budget fund allocation mechanism.展开更多
Dear Editor,This letter deals with distributed resource allocation(DRA)over multiple interacting coalitions,where conflicts of interest may arise due to the relevance of one coalition’s decision to other coalitions’...Dear Editor,This letter deals with distributed resource allocation(DRA)over multiple interacting coalitions,where conflicts of interest may arise due to the relevance of one coalition’s decision to other coalitions’benefits.To address this challenge,a new model called intra-independent resource allocation game(IIRAG)is formulated under the framework of multi-coalition games.A new DRA algorithm is developed,which draws on techniques of variable replacement and leaderfollowing consensus.The proposed algorithm ensures linear convergence of the collective decision to the Nash equilibrium(NE)of the IIRAG,as well as satisfaction of the resource constraint throughout the iteration process.Numerical simulations validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.展开更多
The Airborne Maneuvering Network(AMN)is becoming an emerging field due to its wide-area coverage and localized service enhancement characteristics,in which Low-altitude Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(LUAVs)interact directly...The Airborne Maneuvering Network(AMN)is becoming an emerging field due to its wide-area coverage and localized service enhancement characteristics,in which Low-altitude Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(LUAVs)interact directly with ground-based devices after receiving commands from upper layers.However,the exponential increase in communication devices has led to a severe scarcity of spectrum for LUAVs.Furthermore,LUAVs communications are highly susceptible to interception by Eavesdroppers(Eves)due to the open characteristic of the wireless environment.Therefore,a secure spectrum sharing at LUAVs layer in AMN is studied.Moreover,to address the issue that the dynamic and heterogeneous characteristic of wireless environments presents significant challenges for resource allocation,a Digital Cousin based Q-learning(DCQ)method is proposed.Specifically,the original Probability Transition Matrix(PTM)obtained from sampling in the environment is transformed using the co-link method to obtain multiple virtual environments.Multiple agents are trained in parallel in multiple environments and the training results are fused to obtain the final Q function to output the policy of the original environment.The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme can achieve more robust policies and faster convergence compared to conventional Deep Reinforcement Learning(DRL)methods.展开更多
Nowadays,advances in communication technology and cloud computing have spawned a variety of smart mobile devices,which will generate a great amount of computing-intensive businesses,and require corresponding resources...Nowadays,advances in communication technology and cloud computing have spawned a variety of smart mobile devices,which will generate a great amount of computing-intensive businesses,and require corresponding resources of computation and communication.Multiaccess edge computing(MEC)can offload computing-intensive tasks to the nearby edge servers,which alleviates the pressure of devices.Ultra-dense network(UDN)can provide effective spectrum resources by deploying a large number of micro base stations.Furthermore,network slicing can support various applications in different communication scenarios.Therefore,this paper integrates the ultra-dense network slicing and the MEC technology,and introduces a hybrid computing offloading strategy in order to satisfy various quality of service(QoS)of edge devices.In order to dynamically allocate limited resources,the above problem is formulated as multiagent distributed deep reinforcement learning(DRL),which will achieve low overhead computation offloading strategy and real-time resource allocation decisions.In this context,federated learning is added to train DRL agents in a distributed manner,where each agent is dedicated to exploring actions composed of offloading decisions and allocating resources,so as to jointly optimize system delay and energy consumption.Simulation results show that the proposed learning algorithm has better performance compared with other strategies in literature.展开更多
This paper aims to improve energy efficiency(EE)of the integrated access and backhaul(IAB)aerial-terrestrial network,facilitating rapid and adjustable network infrastructure deployment.This is challenging,as interfere...This paper aims to improve energy efficiency(EE)of the integrated access and backhaul(IAB)aerial-terrestrial network,facilitating rapid and adjustable network infrastructure deployment.This is challenging,as interference generated by backhaul and access links degrades network throughput,and power imbalance between these links increases overall energy consumption.To this end,we jointly optimize aerial base station(ABS)deployment,user association,and downlink power allocation for both terrestrial base station and ABSs to maximize network EE.Specifically,using fractional programming,the EE maximization problem is transformed into a subtractive-form parametric problem,and then decomposed into ABS deployment and resource allocation subproblems.A hybrid algorithm combining particle swarm optimization and simulated annealing is proposed to solve the ABS deployment subproblem,determining ABS spatial configurations and updating power allocation given fixed user association.Meanwhile,a dynamic power allocation in response to network load is designed to solve the resource allocation subproblem.Furthermore,considering the quality of service requirements of ground users and the transmit power constraints of base stations,a joint EE optimization algorithm is proposed to enhance the network EE.Simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed methods in improving network EE,especially in scenarios involving more deployed ABSs.展开更多
Recently,the Internet of Things(IoT)technology has been utilized in a wide range of services and applications which significantly transforms digital ecosystems through seamless interconnectivity between various smart ...Recently,the Internet of Things(IoT)technology has been utilized in a wide range of services and applications which significantly transforms digital ecosystems through seamless interconnectivity between various smart devices.Furthermore,the IoT plays a key role in multiple domains,including industrial automation,smart homes,and intelligent transportation systems.However,an increasing number of connected devices presents significant challenges related to efficient resource allocation and system responsiveness.To address these issue,this research proposes a Modified Walrus Optimization Algorithm(MWaOA)for effective resource management in smart IoT systems.In the proposed MWaOA,a crowding process is incorporated to maintain diversity and avoid premature convergence thereby enhancing the global search capability.During resource allocation,the MWaOA prevents early convergence,which aids in achieving a better balance between the exploration and exploitation phases during optimization.Empirical evaluations show that the MWaOA reduces energy consumption by approximately 4% to 34%and minimizes the response time by 6% to 33% across different service arrival rates.Compared to traditional optimization algorithms,MWaOA reduces energy consumption by 5% to 30%and minimizes the response time by 4% to 28% across different simulation epochs.The proposed MWaOA provides adaptive and robust resource allocation,thereby minimizing transmission cost while considering network constraints and real-time performance parameters.展开更多
With the integration of clean energy,the increasing penetration of distributed power sources,controllable loads,and energy-storage resources in smart grids is causing substantial difficulties in the safe,stable,and co...With the integration of clean energy,the increasing penetration of distributed power sources,controllable loads,and energy-storage resources in smart grids is causing substantial difficulties in the safe,stable,and cost-effective operation of power systems.Existing research often fails to consider the interconnections among optimal dispatching and the distribution capacities of wind,solar,and energy-storage systems(ESSs).This increases the costs and dispatching difficulties.In response to this situation,a two-stage capacity-allocation approach for wind and solar power and storage in an active distribution network(ADN)is proposed in this paper.This approach is founded based on the whale migration algorithm(WMA).First,an optimization dispatch model that considers controllable loads and energy storage is formulated to minimize the dispatch operation costs of the ADN.In this optimization model,the overall cost of the ADN is taken as the objective function.The optimal configuration for wind–solar–storage capacities is obtained through the WMA.Simulation results confirm that the WMA effectively balances the solution accuracy and computational efficiency,while the proposed scheme enhances the economic performance of active distribution grids.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32560065 and 32572249)the Guizhou Provincial Excellent Young Talents Project of Science and Technology,China(Grant No.qiankehepingtairencai-YQK(2023)002)+4 种基金the Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Projects,China(Grant Nos.qiankehechengguo(2024)General 116 and qiankehejichu-ZK(2022)Key 008)the Key Laboratory of High Quality,High Efficiency,and Yield Enhancement in Grain and Oil Crops,China(Grant No.Qiankehe-Platform ZSYS(2025)037)the Key Laboratory of Functional Agriculture of Guizhou Provincial Department of Education,China(Grant No.Qianjiaoji(2023)007)Guizhou Provincial Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System Construction Special Program(Grant No.GZSDCYJSTX-202602)the Qiandongnan Science and Technology Support Project,China(Grant No.Qiandongnan Kehe Support(2023)07).
摘要Synergistically improving the yield and grain quality of rice remains a major breeding challenge.Amino acid transporters play key roles in regulating plant growth and development,but their mechanisms in synergistically regulating yield and quality remain unclear.Here,we report that the plasma membrane-localized transporter OsAAP18,which is more highly expressed in indica than japonica rice,positively correlates with tiller number and yield but negatively with grain width.OsAAP18 transports eight amino acids,including asparagine(Asn),proline(Pro),leucine(Leu),and valine(Val).Its overexpression increases yield through enhanced tillering and grain number per panicle while also improving rice processing and cooking quality.Transcriptome analysis showed that OsAAP18 coordinates grain development and quality formation by regulating the expression of key genes involved in starch and sucrose metabolism,nitrogen metabolism,and plant hormone signaling pathways.These findings establish OsAAP18 as a dual-function regulator that synergistically enhances yield and quality,offering a promising target for rice breeding.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.62571544,62071482,62471348Shaanxi Association of Science and Technology Youth Talent Support Program Project,No.20230137Innovative Talents Cultivate Program for Technology Innovation Team of Shaanxi Province Under Grant No.2024RS-CXTD-08。
摘要Owing to the portability,cheapness and flexible deployment,the unmanned aerial vehicle-based radar and communication coexistence(RCC)systems are widely adopted in Internet of Things applications.A joint power,bandwidth,and subchannel allocation(JPBSA)strategy is proposed for a RCC network,aiming to optimize resource utilization under mutual spectrum interference.The Cram er-Rao lower bound(CRLB)is employed to assess the target localization accuracy.The optimization model is formulated as minimizing the sum of weighted predicted CRLBs while satisfying the communication data rate requirements and constraints of power and bandwidth budget.It is shown that the JPBSA problem falls into the mixed-integer programming problem.Even worse,the three variables are coherent in the objective function and constraints.A four-phase alternating optimization framework(FPAOF)is developed to address this issue.The FPAOF incorporates the joint convexification of radar and communication power allocation via Taylor approximation,bandwidth upper bound adaptation,and the opportunistic spectrum access-based method for subchannel allocation.Numerical evaluations demonstrate the proposed strategy's superiority in terms of localization accuracy improvement and computational tractability in comparison to state-of-the-art methods.The findings also indicate the superiority of using CRLB as the optimization metric than the signal-to-interference-plus-noise and mutual information.
基金supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023M733712)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31971491,32571862 and 32571830)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(A)。
摘要Understanding the patterns and drivers of biomass allocation among organs at a broad scale is crucial for predicting the responses of plant growth and carbon sequestration to environmental change.However,the extent to which the general rules govern these patterns and the key factors affecting biomass allocation remain poorly understood.Using a global dataset of 239 tree species,we tested the two prevailing theories(i.e.,the allometric partitioning theory(APT)and the optimal partitioning theory(OPT))by investigating the scaling relationships between plant organs and how environmental factors and phylogeny shape the patterns of biomass allocation.Our results generally support APT at the global scale,with variations in biomass allocation patterns explained by OPT.As plant size increased,a significant shift in biomass allocation from leaves to roots and stems,as well as from roots to stems,was observed.Specific environmental factors(including temperature,precipitation variables,and soil properties)significantly influenced biomass allocation with distinct patterns in the angiosperms and gymnosperms,even when the allometric effects were taken into account.We conclude that tree biomass allocation among organs(i.e.,the ratios of leaf to stem,leaf to root,stem to root,and aboveground to belowground)is governed by allometry but modulated by optimization at the global scale.Our findings highlight the importance of considering both the ontogenetic and environmental effects in predicting the responses of biomass sequestration to phylogenetic and environmental factors.
摘要Human-machine collaboration is a key feature of Single Pilot Operations(SPO).With only a single pilot in the cockpit,workload monitoring and adjustment become even more critical compared to Dual-Pilot Operations(DPO).Hence,a dynamic function allocation mechanism must be established—increasing the Level of Automation(LOA)under high workload conditions and reducing it under low workload conditions to maintain situational awareness.To address the challenges of excessive subjectivity and limited knowledge transfer in the existing dynamic function allocation methods,this paper proposes a dynamic function allocation method based on Bayesianenhanced Q-Learning(BQL).First,a Bayesian Network(BN)is constructed to predict HumanMachine System(HMS)performance,determining when reallocation should be triggered.Compared to the existing trigger mechanisms,this approach enables earlier activation while maintaining non-intrusive.Then,the BN-predicted HMS performance is integrated into the reward feedback for the reinforcement learning algorithm,allowing the system to continuously refine its strategy through interaction with the environment.Finally,flight experiments conducted in a low-fidelity SPO simulator,incorporating both objective physiological monitoring and subjective assessments,validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
基金supported in part by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFB2904500)in part by the Yangtze River Delta Science and Technology Innovation Community Joint Research(Basic Research)Project,China(No.1030-POB24004)+1 种基金in part by the postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province,China(No.KYCX25_0589)in part by the Funding for Outstanding Doctoral Dissertation in Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,China(No.BCXJ25-09)。
摘要Airborne Maneuvering Network(AMN)has attracted great attention in diverse practical scenarios.Low-altitude maneuvering UAV plays as the operational backbone of AMN to promote the development of an efficient,secure,and low-latency AMN by providing new airborne wireless nerve tracts.However,the widespread adoption of AMNs witnesses a drastic increase of mobile users and data-intensive applications,which makes it suffer from the intense spectrum competition.Spectrum sharing shows promise in alleviating the severe spectrum scarcity of AMNs.Moreover,due to the broadcast nature of wireless channels and the increasing probability of the line-of-sight transmission,the AMN is vulnerable to malicious jamming,especially encountering the coupled uncertainty and dynamic jamming.To solve these problems,UAV-assisted antijamming spectrum sharing in AMNs is investigated.We propose a joint space-power-frequency domain optimization approach to simultaneously mitigate both external malicious jamming and internal sharing interference.The sum rate maximization of the secondary network is studied by jointly optimizing the UAV transmit power,sub-band allocation,and trajectory.To tackle the formulated intractable non-convex problem,we propose a computationally efficient iterative algorithm based on alternating optimization,integrating the S-procedure to handle bounded uncertainties and the successive convex approximation to obtain near-optimal convex solutions.Extensive simulation results show that our proposed scheme can significantly increase the sum transmission rate.Moreover,it is shown that our proposed scheme is the best robust among all benchmark schemes against jammer location and power uncertainties,confirming the practicality for the next-generation UAV based airborne networks.
基金supported in part by the Chongqing Postgraduate Research and Innovation Project(CYB22250)National Natural Science Foundation of China(62271096,U20A20157)+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing-China(CSTB2023NSCQ-LZX0134,CSTB2024NSCQ-LZX0124)University Innovation Research Group of Chongqing(CXQT20017)Youth Innovation Group Support Program of ICE Discipline of CQUPT(SCIE-QN-2022-04)。
摘要Computing Power Network(CPN)is a new paradigm that integrates communication,computing,and storage resources to provide services for tasks.However,tasks composed of non-independent subtasks have a preference for the resources required at each stage,which increases the difficulty of heterogeneous resource allocation and reduces the latency performance of CPN services.Motivated by this,this paper jointly optimizes the full-service cycle of tasks,including transmission,task partitioning,and offloading.First,the transmission bandwidth is dynamically configured based on delay sensitivity of tasks.Second,with the real-time information from edge resource clusters and state resource clusters in the network,the optimal partitioning for a computation task is derived.Third,personalized resource allocation schemes are customized for computation and storage tasks respectively.Finally,the impact of resource parameter configuration on the latency violation probability of CPN is revealed.Moreover,compared with the benchmark schemes,our proposed scheme reduces the network latency violation probability by up to 1.17×in the same network setting.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.72172022)Humanities and Social Science Research of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission(Grant No.24SKGH119)+2 种基金Construction Project of Supervisor Team for Graduate Students of Chongqing(Grant No.JDDSTD2022005)Technical Foresight and Institutional Innovation Project of Chongqing Science and Technology Bureau(Grant No.CSTB2023TFII-OFX0016)Graduate Research Innovation Project of Chongqing(Grant Nos.CYB23260 and CYB240264).
摘要In this study, a multi-location allocation problem is investigated under a temporary allocation system in light ofthe uncertain defective rate inherent to items. Based on the theoretical and modeling foundation of previousresearch, this study contributes in four main aspects. First, a robust optimization model is developed based on thebudget uncertainty of the defective rate of items in a multi-location inventory system. Second, given that thedetermination of uncertainty relies on the subjective judgment of decision-makers with different risk preferences,a pivotal variable method is introduced to approximate the possible thresholds of the uncertain parameter withinthe expected interval. Third, a new evaluation criterion curve, illustrating the cumulative cost differences betweenthe probabilistic and robust models, is employed through large-scale sampling to evaluate the performance of thetwo decision models. Finally, numerical experiments and sensitivity analysis are conducted to verify the performanceof the decision effects under different defective rates and stockout costs, respectively. The resultsconfirm the superior performance of the robust model, as shown through sensitivity analysis under thresholds ofvarying defective rates and stockout costs, and highlight the effectiveness of the proposed cumulative cost differenceevaluation curve. The robust model offers significant cost-control advantages over the probabilistic model,particularly in high-uncertainty scenarios. This study provides a reference method for multi-location inventoryallocation decisions with uncertain defective rates.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022 YFC 3802302)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52475075).
摘要Determining the group forces of the thrust system is essential for trajectory control of tunnel boring machines(TBMs).Existing methods for selecting an optimal solution mainly consider the force variance among groups,while ignoring other constraints,such as uneven segment loading and excessive hydraulic shock.In this study,we develop a more comprehensive and robust framework for force allocation.First,a novel region-reconfigurable hydraulic system is designed,which enforces consistency among the forces acting on each segment.Then on this basis,for the ramping-up tunneling stage,quadratic programming(QP)is used to optimize force uniformity across the spatial dimension.Compared to the on-site allocation result,the improvement in force uniformity reaches up to 32.89%.Moreover,to address the hydraulic shock caused by excessive adjustment to the force,hydraulic compliance is introduced and optimized together with force uniformity using the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II(NSGA-II),which outperforms weighted QP by 1.25×106 kN2 in uniformity and 2.86 kN2 in compliance.Analyzing performance in the steady tunneling stage,the service life of the components improves significantly.To avoid a non-existent solution for the thrust force vector,a genetic algorithm-based error tolerance method is developed.Therefore,all deviation rectification commands can be answered with a minor compromise of up to 3%in the fitting accuracy of the thrust force vector.In summary,this framework enhances the adaptability and robustness of the force allocation strategy,providing a reliable foundation for TBM trajectory control.
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(72403111)the Social Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(23EYC007)。
摘要To analyze intra-household nutrient allocation,we examine the differences in expenditure elasticities across demographic groups within rural households,employing an asymmetric model along with data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey(CHNS)from 2004 to 2011.Our analysis reveals significant heterogeneity in household nutrient allocation:during periods of expenditure expansion,households prioritize the nutritional intake of vulnerable members,specifically children and the elderly,often at the expense of prime-age adults,particularly women.Conversely,during expenditure contraction,households shift strategies to protect the nutritional intake of prime-age adults.This asymmetry underscores the complexity of intra-household distribution and provides critical insights for designing nutrition security policies that account for economic volatility.
基金supported by the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation under Grant Number GZC20232948the National Science and Technology Basic Resources Survey Program of China under Grant Number 2017FY100200。
摘要Allometric allocation of limiting nutrient elements at the organ level is a crucial strategy for plants to adapt to environmental changes.However,our understanding of intra-and inter-organ allocation patterns of nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)in desert grassland plants remains limited.A one-year pot experiment(June 2020 to August2021)was conducted to investigate the N–P allometric scaling relationships within and between plant organs of dominant shrubs and herbaceous species cultivated in two soil types:desert eolian sand soil(DESS)and brown calcic soil(BCS).The results indicated that,overall,the leaves of both shrubs and herbaceous plants exhibited higher N and P contents compared to other plant organs.Notably,under BCS conditions,fine roots of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus exhibited higher P content than leaves.For shrubs,N content in leaves changes faster than P content,while in other organs,P content increased faster than N content.The N–P allometric exponents for herbaceous leaves and roots were 0.47 and 0.56,respectively.Additionally,N and P contents in shrub leaves and fine roots were linearly positively correlated with soil total N and P contents.Generally,changes in soil type from DESS to BCS did not alter the N–P allometric scaling relationships within specific plant organs but did affect the N and P allocation in shrub fine roots.These findings enhance our understanding of N and P allocation strategies within and between major organs of desert plants.
摘要By comparing the growth trajectories of East Asia and Latin America,this study finds that during industrialization,East Asian economies actively advanced their manufacturing sectors toward high-end production and achieved a higher relative density of high-skilled labor within this sector.In contrast,Latin American economies experienced a“low-end lock-in”in manufacturing,with high-skilled labor more heavily concentrated in the service sector.To provide a unified explanation of these patterns of industrial transformation and labor allocation,this paper develops a three-sector general equilibrium model that includes basic manufacturing(BM),high-end manufacturing(HM),and services,and incorporates labor heterogeneity.The model captures how,under different development thresholds for HM,the allocation of high-skilled labor across sectors leads to two distinct structural transformation paths:from BM to HM,or from BM to services.These paths,in turn,generate different trajectories of human capital accumulation and economic growth performance.Simulation analysis shows that dynamically adjusted industrial policies are more effective than static ones,and that combining education policy with industrial policy yields better outcomes than either policy alone.This study extends theoretical research on industrial structural transformation,highlights the importance of HM for latecomer economies,and offers theoretical underpinnings and decision-making insights for advancing new industrialization and deepening integration between industrial and talent chains.
基金the appreciation to the Deanship of Postgraduate Studies and Scientic Research at Majmaah University for funding this research work through the project number(R-2026-141).
摘要The integration of wind-based DG introduces significant variability and uncertainty into the operation of distribution networks,which complicates the planning and decision-making process.This paper presents a dualobjective stochastic optimization framework for the optimal allocation of wind DG,considering dynamic network reconfiguration across multiple loading conditions.Probabilistic modeling of wind speed is integrated using the Weibull distribution and the associated wind power uncertainty is discretized through a scenario-based point estimation method.Variability in load is accounted for by considering multiple loading levels,and the integrated uncertainty space is constructed as the Cartesian product of wind scenarios and load profiles.The optimization seeks to minimize the total energy losses together with the enhancement of reliability,quantified through the expected energy not supplied.For the solution of the complex,nonlinear,multi-objective problem,the Improved Multi-Objective Grey Wolf Optimizer(I-MGWO)is developed,including quasi-oppositional population seeding,adaptive stochastic coeficient strategy,and dynamic convex combination position update.Simulation results on the IEEE 33-bus system demonstrate that the proposed integrated strategy of simultaneous wind DG allocation and network reconfiguration gives synergistic improvements,yielding up to 55.7%reduction in energy losses,and a reduction of up to 61.4%in EENS over the base case.In both convergence speed and solution quality,I-MGWO consistently outperforms conventional algorithms and gives a robust and computationally efficient tool for distribution system planning under uncertainty.
基金funded by the National Social Science Fund of China(Major Project):Research on the Modernization of China’s National Security Legal System and Capacity in the New Era(24&ZD120)。
摘要The structured allocation of data rights requires a typification of data as a prerequisite.The existing tripartite framework comprising personal,corporate,and public data fails to adequately address the factual state of dynamic data generation and multi-party collaboration owing to its mixed application of criteria,such as source,subject,and function.Using generation methods as a classification criterion aligns with the essential nature of data as a procedural product.Based on differences in the structure of inter-subject collaboration,generation methods can be classified into four categories:independent generation,joint generation,collaborative generation,and integrated generation.Type identification should be based on three verifiable factual elements—control structure,contribution type,and risk bearing—and should proceed step by step through the generation process.Based on this framework,a three-tiered rights allocation system is established.At the carrier level,the right of possession is defined based on factual control and process traceability.At the value level,the rights of use and operation are flexibly allocated according to the nature and extent of actual contributions to achieve a dynamic alignment between powers and value creation.At the ethical level,personality protection,data security,and fair utilization obligations are transformed into defensive powers,thereby establishing a pre-constraint on the exercise of rights.Therefore,observable and verifiable facts arising during the generation process can be transformed into a normative basis for the allocation of data rights,thereby helping to enhance the effectiveness of judicial adjudication and administrative supervision.
摘要Against the backdrop of advancing fiscal digitization,budget management methods and fiscal operation logic are undergoing changes.Existing studies mostly discuss the effectiveness of digital fiscal reforms from the perspective of technological application or efficiency improvement,but pay relatively insufficient attention to how it affects the standardization of interdepartmental budget fund allocation.Based on this,taking the integrated budget management reform as the entry point,this paper explores the action path of fiscal digitization on the standardization of interdepartmental budget fund allocation from two levels:institutional foundation and operational mechanism.The study holds that fiscal digitization does not directly determine the allocation result of budget funds among departments,but changes the institutional environment relied on by budget allocation behavior by unifying budget rules,connecting budget management processes,and reconstructing budget information structure,thereby forming more stable and enforceable institutional constraints on departmental budget allocation.On this basis,fiscal digitization further exerts institutional constraints during the budget execution stage by embedding supervision and auditing functions into the budget execution process and improving the transparency of budget operation,inhibiting arbitrariness and strategic adjustments in interdepartmental budget allocation.Thus,the standardization of interdepartmental budget fund allocation is gradually strengthened,and the improvement of allocation efficiency is more reflected as a natural result under standardized constraints.The analysis of this paper helps to understand the governance effect of fiscal digitization from the perspective of institutional operation and provides theoretical reference for further improving the interdepartmental budget fund allocation mechanism.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62003167,62376029,62325304,U22B2046,62073079,62088101,62133003,61991403)the General Joint Fund of the Equipment Advance Research Program of Ministry of Education(8091B022114)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023M730255).
摘要Dear Editor,This letter deals with distributed resource allocation(DRA)over multiple interacting coalitions,where conflicts of interest may arise due to the relevance of one coalition’s decision to other coalitions’benefits.To address this challenge,a new model called intra-independent resource allocation game(IIRAG)is formulated under the framework of multi-coalition games.A new DRA algorithm is developed,which draws on techniques of variable replacement and leaderfollowing consensus.The proposed algorithm ensures linear convergence of the collective decision to the Nash equilibrium(NE)of the IIRAG,as well as satisfaction of the resource constraint throughout the iteration process.Numerical simulations validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
基金co-supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62222107)the National Key Research and Development Project of China(No.2023YFB2904500)the Yangtze River Delta Science and Technology Innovation Community Joint Research(Basic Research)Project of China(No.2024CSJZN00300)。
摘要The Airborne Maneuvering Network(AMN)is becoming an emerging field due to its wide-area coverage and localized service enhancement characteristics,in which Low-altitude Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(LUAVs)interact directly with ground-based devices after receiving commands from upper layers.However,the exponential increase in communication devices has led to a severe scarcity of spectrum for LUAVs.Furthermore,LUAVs communications are highly susceptible to interception by Eavesdroppers(Eves)due to the open characteristic of the wireless environment.Therefore,a secure spectrum sharing at LUAVs layer in AMN is studied.Moreover,to address the issue that the dynamic and heterogeneous characteristic of wireless environments presents significant challenges for resource allocation,a Digital Cousin based Q-learning(DCQ)method is proposed.Specifically,the original Probability Transition Matrix(PTM)obtained from sampling in the environment is transformed using the co-link method to obtain multiple virtual environments.Multiple agents are trained in parallel in multiple environments and the training results are fused to obtain the final Q function to output the policy of the original environment.The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme can achieve more robust policies and faster convergence compared to conventional Deep Reinforcement Learning(DRL)methods.
摘要Nowadays,advances in communication technology and cloud computing have spawned a variety of smart mobile devices,which will generate a great amount of computing-intensive businesses,and require corresponding resources of computation and communication.Multiaccess edge computing(MEC)can offload computing-intensive tasks to the nearby edge servers,which alleviates the pressure of devices.Ultra-dense network(UDN)can provide effective spectrum resources by deploying a large number of micro base stations.Furthermore,network slicing can support various applications in different communication scenarios.Therefore,this paper integrates the ultra-dense network slicing and the MEC technology,and introduces a hybrid computing offloading strategy in order to satisfy various quality of service(QoS)of edge devices.In order to dynamically allocate limited resources,the above problem is formulated as multiagent distributed deep reinforcement learning(DRL),which will achieve low overhead computation offloading strategy and real-time resource allocation decisions.In this context,federated learning is added to train DRL agents in a distributed manner,where each agent is dedicated to exploring actions composed of offloading decisions and allocating resources,so as to jointly optimize system delay and energy consumption.Simulation results show that the proposed learning algorithm has better performance compared with other strategies in literature.
基金supported in part by Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62121001)in part by Key Research and Development Program of Shannxi(Grant No.2024CY2-GJHX-82)in part by the Qin Chuangyuan“Scientist+Engineer”Team Construction Program of Shaanxi(Grant No.2024QCYKXJ-156).
摘要This paper aims to improve energy efficiency(EE)of the integrated access and backhaul(IAB)aerial-terrestrial network,facilitating rapid and adjustable network infrastructure deployment.This is challenging,as interference generated by backhaul and access links degrades network throughput,and power imbalance between these links increases overall energy consumption.To this end,we jointly optimize aerial base station(ABS)deployment,user association,and downlink power allocation for both terrestrial base station and ABSs to maximize network EE.Specifically,using fractional programming,the EE maximization problem is transformed into a subtractive-form parametric problem,and then decomposed into ABS deployment and resource allocation subproblems.A hybrid algorithm combining particle swarm optimization and simulated annealing is proposed to solve the ABS deployment subproblem,determining ABS spatial configurations and updating power allocation given fixed user association.Meanwhile,a dynamic power allocation in response to network load is designed to solve the resource allocation subproblem.Furthermore,considering the quality of service requirements of ground users and the transmit power constraints of base stations,a joint EE optimization algorithm is proposed to enhance the network EE.Simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed methods in improving network EE,especially in scenarios involving more deployed ABSs.
摘要Recently,the Internet of Things(IoT)technology has been utilized in a wide range of services and applications which significantly transforms digital ecosystems through seamless interconnectivity between various smart devices.Furthermore,the IoT plays a key role in multiple domains,including industrial automation,smart homes,and intelligent transportation systems.However,an increasing number of connected devices presents significant challenges related to efficient resource allocation and system responsiveness.To address these issue,this research proposes a Modified Walrus Optimization Algorithm(MWaOA)for effective resource management in smart IoT systems.In the proposed MWaOA,a crowding process is incorporated to maintain diversity and avoid premature convergence thereby enhancing the global search capability.During resource allocation,the MWaOA prevents early convergence,which aids in achieving a better balance between the exploration and exploitation phases during optimization.Empirical evaluations show that the MWaOA reduces energy consumption by approximately 4% to 34%and minimizes the response time by 6% to 33% across different service arrival rates.Compared to traditional optimization algorithms,MWaOA reduces energy consumption by 5% to 30%and minimizes the response time by 4% to 28% across different simulation epochs.The proposed MWaOA provides adaptive and robust resource allocation,thereby minimizing transmission cost while considering network constraints and real-time performance parameters.
摘要With the integration of clean energy,the increasing penetration of distributed power sources,controllable loads,and energy-storage resources in smart grids is causing substantial difficulties in the safe,stable,and cost-effective operation of power systems.Existing research often fails to consider the interconnections among optimal dispatching and the distribution capacities of wind,solar,and energy-storage systems(ESSs).This increases the costs and dispatching difficulties.In response to this situation,a two-stage capacity-allocation approach for wind and solar power and storage in an active distribution network(ADN)is proposed in this paper.This approach is founded based on the whale migration algorithm(WMA).First,an optimization dispatch model that considers controllable loads and energy storage is formulated to minimize the dispatch operation costs of the ADN.In this optimization model,the overall cost of the ADN is taken as the objective function.The optimal configuration for wind–solar–storage capacities is obtained through the WMA.Simulation results confirm that the WMA effectively balances the solution accuracy and computational efficiency,while the proposed scheme enhances the economic performance of active distribution grids.