Aiming at the poor performance of the parity check(PC) aided adaptive successive cancellation list(PC-ASCL) decoding algorithm because the PC code in the polar code can only verify odd errors, an optimized parity chec...Aiming at the poor performance of the parity check(PC) aided adaptive successive cancellation list(PC-ASCL) decoding algorithm because the PC code in the polar code can only verify odd errors, an optimized parity check(OPC) code which can verify all odd errors as well as the half even errors is proposed. The OPC code is used to improve the PC-ASCL decoding algorithm, thus an OPC aided ASCL(OPC-ASCL) decoding algorithm is proposed. In the coding stage, the algorithm divides the information sequence into multiple segments, and places an OPC code at the end of each segment to verify the current information sequence, and places a cyclic redundancy check code at the end of the entire information sequence to verify the entire information sequence. In the decoding stage, the algorithm uses the OPC-ASCL decoder to decode. Simulation results show that compared to the PC-ASCL decoding algorithm, the OPC-ASCL decoding algorithm can reduce the complexity and obtain the certain performance gain.展开更多
Considering the influence of more random atmospheric turbulence, worse pointing errors and highly dynamic link on the transmission performance of mobile multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) free space optics (FSO...Considering the influence of more random atmospheric turbulence, worse pointing errors and highly dynamic link on the transmission performance of mobile multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) free space optics (FSO) communica- tion systems, this paper establishes a channel model for the mobile platform. Based on the combination of Alamouti space-time code and time hopping ultra-wide band (TH-UWB) communications, a novel repetition space-time coding (RSTC) method for mobile 2x2 free-space optical communications with pulse position modulation (PPM) is devel- oped. In particular, two decoding methods of equal gain combining (EGC) maximum likelihood detection (MLD) and correlation matrix detection (CMD) are derived. When a quasi-static fading and weak turbulence channel model are considered, simulation results show that whether the channel state information (CSI) is known or not, the coding sys- tem demonstrates more significant performance of the symbol error rate (SER) than the uncoding. In other words, transmitting diversity can be achieved while conveying the information only through the time delays of the modulated signals transmitted from different antennas. CMD has almost the same effect of signal combining with maximal ratio combining (MRC). However, when the channel correlation increases, SER performance of the coding 2×2 system de- grades significantly.展开更多
A novel low-complexity iterative receiver for multiuser space frequency block coding (SFBC) system was proposed in this paper. Unlike the conventional linear minimum mean square error (MMSE) detector, which requires m...A novel low-complexity iterative receiver for multiuser space frequency block coding (SFBC) system was proposed in this paper. Unlike the conventional linear minimum mean square error (MMSE) detector, which requires matrix inversion at each iteration, the soft-in soft-out (SISO) detector is simply a parallel interference cancellation (PIC)-matched filter (MF) operation. The probability density function (PDF) of PIC-MF detector output is approximated as Gaussian, whose variance is calculated with a priori information fed back from the channel decoder. With this approximation, the log likelihood ratios (LLRs) of transmitted bits are under-estimated. Then the LLRs are multiplied by a constant factor to achieve a performance gain. The constant factor is optimized according to extrinsic information transfer (EXIT) chart of the SISO detector. Simulation results show that the proposed iterative receiver can significantly improve the system performance and converge to the matched filter bound (MFB) with low computational complexity at high signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs).展开更多
Lossy image coding is the art of computing that is principally bounded by the image’s rate-distortion function.This bound,though never accurately characterized,has been approached practically via deep learning techno...Lossy image coding is the art of computing that is principally bounded by the image’s rate-distortion function.This bound,though never accurately characterized,has been approached practically via deep learning technologies in recent years.Indeed,learned image coding schemes allow direct optimization of the joint rate-distortion cost,thereby outperforming the handcrafted image coding schemes by a large margin.Still,it is observed that there is room for further improvement in the rate-distortion performance of learned image coding.In this article,we identify the gap between the ideal rate-distortion function forecasted by Shannon’s information theory and the empirical rate-distortion function achieved by the state-of-the-art learned image coding schemes,revealing that the gap is incurred by five different effects:modeling effect,approximation effect,amortization effect,digitization effect,and asymptotic effect.We design simulations and experiments to quantitatively evaluate the last three effects,which demonstrates the high potential of future lossy image coding technologies.展开更多
In this work, a new method to deal with the unconnected pixels in motion compensated temporal filtering (MCTF) is presented, which is designed to improve the performance of 3D lifted wavelet coding. Furthermore, multi...In this work, a new method to deal with the unconnected pixels in motion compensated temporal filtering (MCTF) is presented, which is designed to improve the performance of 3D lifted wavelet coding. Furthermore, multiple description scalable coding (MDSC) is investigated, and novel MDSC schemes based on 3D wavelet coding are proposed, using the lifting imple- mentation of temporal filtering. The proposed MDSC schemes can avoid the mismatch problem in multiple description video coding, and have high scalability and robustness of video transmission. Experimental results showed that the proposed schemes are feasible and adequately effective.展开更多
In view of the problems that the encoding complexity of quasi-cyclic low-density parity-check(QC-LDPC)codes is high and the minimum distance is not large enough which leads to the degradation of the error-correction p...In view of the problems that the encoding complexity of quasi-cyclic low-density parity-check(QC-LDPC)codes is high and the minimum distance is not large enough which leads to the degradation of the error-correction performance,the new irregular type-ⅡQC-LDPC codes based on perfect cyclic difference sets(CDSs)are constructed.The parity check matrices of these type-ⅡQC-LDPC codes consist of the zero matrices with weight of 0,the circulant permutation matrices(CPMs)with weight of 1 and the circulant matrices with weight of 2(W2CMs).The introduction of W2CMs in parity check matrices makes it possible to achieve the larger minimum distance which can improve the error-correction performance of the codes.The Tanner graphs of these codes have no girth-4,thus they have the excellent decoding convergence characteristics.In addition,because the parity check matrices have the quasi-dual diagonal structure,the fast encoding algorithm can reduce the encoding complexity effectively.Simulation results show that the new type-ⅡQC-LDPC codes can achieve a more excellent error-correction performance and have no error floor phenomenon over the additive white Gaussian noise(AWGN)channel with sum-product algorithm(SPA)iterative decoding.展开更多
The pathways leading to synthesis and post-synthetic modification of DNA employed methionine as donor of atoms: the carbon that came from its –CH3 served for DNA replication and repair either in bacteria or humans;it...The pathways leading to synthesis and post-synthetic modification of DNA employed methionine as donor of atoms: the carbon that came from its –CH3 served for DNA replication and repair either in bacteria or humans;its entire –CH3 served instead for building N6-methyladenine and 5-methylcytosine on bacterial DNA and 5-methylcytosine alone on human DNA. In humans, although a slight extra-S asymmetric methylation appeared de novo yielding on parental DNA 5’-m5CpC-3’/ 3’-GpG-5’, 5’-m5CpT-3’/3’-GpA-5’ and 5’-m5CpA-3’/3’-GpT-5’ monomethylated dinucleotide pairs, a heavy symmetric methylation involved in S semiconservatively newly made DNA to guarantee genetic maintenance of –CH3 in 5’-m5CpG-3’/3’-Gpm5C-5’ dimethylated dinucleotide pairs. In this framework, an inverse correlation was found between bulk genomic DNA methylation occurring in S and bulk polyA-containing pre-mRNA transcription taking place in G1 and G2. Thus, probes of 1 × 106 Daltons (constructed using sheared by sonication newly made methylated DNA filaments) revealed a modular organization in genes: after the hypermethylated promoter, they exhibited an alternation of unmethylated coding and methylated uncoding sequences. This encouraged the search for a language that genes regulated by methylation should have in common. An initial deciphering of restriction minimaps with hypomethylatable exons vs. hypermethylatable promoters and introns was improved when the bisulfite technique allowed a direct sequencing of m5C. In lymphocytes, where the transglutaminase gene is inactive, its promoter exhibited two fully methylated CpG-rich domains at 5’ and one fully unmethylated CpG-rich domain at 3’, including the site +1 and a 5’-UTR. At variance, in HUVEC cells, where the transglutaminase gene is active, in the first CpG-rich domain of promoter few doublets lost their –CH3. Such an inverse correlation suggested new hypotheses especially in connection with repair-modification: UV radiation would cause demethylation in given loci of a promoter by chance, whilst even a partial demethylation in this promoter would be able to resume a previously silent pre-mRNA transcription.展开更多
We study the performance of high-dimensional superdense coding(HD-SDC)over an amplitude damping(AD)channel with memory and propose a protocol that leverages partial measurement and its reversal to enhance the channel ...We study the performance of high-dimensional superdense coding(HD-SDC)over an amplitude damping(AD)channel with memory and propose a protocol that leverages partial measurement and its reversal to enhance the channel capacity.By considering a two-qutrit system,we model the memory AD noise using a convex mixture of memoryless and perfectly memory AD channels.We demonstrate that the memory effect alone can mitigate the decay of the SDC capacity under noise.More significantly,we show that the application of partial measurement before the channel and its reversal after the channel can not only recover the capacity degraded by noise but,for certain non-maximally entangled initial states,even amplify it beyond the initial capacity.This amplification effect is governed by three key factors:the ground-state probability in the initial entangled state,the memory strength,and the partial measurement strength.Our results provide a practical strategy for enhancing quantum communication protocols in realistic noisy environments and highlight the synergistic benefits of memory noise and measurement-based control.展开更多
Tuber dormancy and sprouting are significant for potato cultivation,storage,and processing.Although the substantial role of microRNAs(miRNAs)in some biological processes has been recognized,the critical role of miRNA ...Tuber dormancy and sprouting are significant for potato cultivation,storage,and processing.Although the substantial role of microRNAs(miRNAs)in some biological processes has been recognized,the critical role of miRNA in breaking potato tuber dormancy is not well understood to date.In this investigation,we expand research on miRNA-mediated gene regulation in tuber dormancy release.In this work,204 known and 192 novel miRNAs were identified.One hundred thirty-six differentially expressed miRNAs(DE-miRNAs)were also screened out,of which 56 DE-miRNAs were regulated by temperature during tuber dormancy release.Additionally,degradome sequencing revealed that 821 target genes for 202 miRNAs were discovered.Among them,63 target genes and 48 miRNAs were predicted to be involved in plant hormone signaling pathways.This study used degradome sequencing,tobacco cotransformation system,and β-glucuronidase(GUS)staining technology to confirm that stu-miR319c can target StTCP26 and StTCP27 and effectively suppress their expression.The transgenic approach exhibited that stu-miR319c overexpressed tubers sprouted in advance,while silent expression of stu-miR319c showed delayed sprouting.Treatment of wild-type tubers with exogenous MeJA revealed that 1 mg/L MeJA significantly broke dormancy and enhanced potato sprouting ability.Furthermore,transgenic tubers revealed variance in jasmonic acid(JA)content and relative expression of genes associated with the JA synthesis pathway,including StAOC,StLOX2,and StLOX4,suggesting that the miR319c may participate in the JA pathway to regulate tuber dormancy release.In summary,our research offers evidence that miRNA regulates potato dormancy release and supports the idea that stu-miR319c is a unique epigenetic regulator for dormancy-sprouting transition in potatoes.展开更多
This article investigates the distributed recursive filtering problem for discrete-time stochastic cyber–physical systems.A particular feature of our work is that we consider systems in which the state is constrained...This article investigates the distributed recursive filtering problem for discrete-time stochastic cyber–physical systems.A particular feature of our work is that we consider systems in which the state is constrained by saturation.Measurements are transmitted to nodes of a sensor network over unreliable wireless channels.We propose a linear coding mechanism,together with a distributed method for obtaining a state estimate at each node.These designs aim to minimize the state estimation error covariance.In addition,we derive a bound on this covariance,and accommodate the design parameters to minimize this bound.The resulting design depends on the packet loss probabilities of the wireless channels.This permits applying the proposed scheme to systems in which communications suffer from denial-of-service attacks,as such attacks typically affect those probabilities.Finally,we present a numerical example illustrating this application.展开更多
A new arithmetic coding system combining source channel coding and maximum a posteriori decoding were proposed. It combines source coding and error correction tasks into one unified process by introducing an adaptive ...A new arithmetic coding system combining source channel coding and maximum a posteriori decoding were proposed. It combines source coding and error correction tasks into one unified process by introducing an adaptive forbidden symbol. The proposed system achieves fixed length code words by adaptively adjusting the probability of the forbidden symbol and adding tail digits of variable length. The corresponding improved MAP decoding metric was derived. The proposed system can improve the performance. Simulations were performed on AWGN channels with various noise levels by using both hard and soft decision with BPSK modulation.The results show its performance is slightly better than that of our adaptive arithmetic error correcting coding system using a forbidden symbol.展开更多
In this work,we propose a multi-attempt successive cancellation list(MA-SCL)decoder for polar codes that achieves identical error-correction performance to standard SCL decoding while reducing average complexity.Unlik...In this work,we propose a multi-attempt successive cancellation list(MA-SCL)decoder for polar codes that achieves identical error-correction performance to standard SCL decoding while reducing average complexity.Unlike CRC-aided SCL,the proposed MA-SCL progressively restarts decoding with increasing list sizes and reuses information from previous attempts.This design eliminates the need for outer CRC codes.The decoder features dynamic searchspace pruning and an early stopping criterion based on path metrics.Simulations show MA-SCL matches SCL performance with lower average complexity,particularly for short polar-like codes with reed-muller(RM)rate profiles and dynamic frozen constraints.Compared to existing adaptive decoders,MA-SCL offers implementation advantages by eliminating the need for stack-/heap management while providing relatively stable latency bounds(1×to|Λ|×SCL latency).展开更多
An iterative transmit power allocation (PA) algorithm was proposed for group-wise space-time block coding (G-STBC) systems with group-wise successive interference cancellation (GSIC) receivers. Group-wise interference...An iterative transmit power allocation (PA) algorithm was proposed for group-wise space-time block coding (G-STBC) systems with group-wise successive interference cancellation (GSIC) receivers. Group-wise interference suppression (GIS) filters are employed to separate each group's transmit signals from other interferences and noise. While the total power on all transmit symbols is constrained, all transmit PA coefficients are updated jointly according to the channel information at each iteration. Through PA, each detection symbol has the same post-detection signal to interference-and-noise ratio (SINR). The simulation results verify that the proposed PA algorithm converges at the equilibrium quickly after few iterations, and it achieves much lower bit error rates than the previous single symbol SIC PA and the fixed ratio PA algorithms for G-STBC systems with GSIC receivers .展开更多
Pear ring rot disease(Botryosphaeria dothidea)is a significant threat to the healthy development of the pear industry.Recent research has identified the functional role of long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)in various biolo...Pear ring rot disease(Botryosphaeria dothidea)is a significant threat to the healthy development of the pear industry.Recent research has identified the functional role of long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)in various biological processes of plants.The role of lncRNAs in the pear defense response remains unknown.In this study,transcriptome sequencing was used to analyze lncRNAs in pear stem infected with B.dothidea.It identified 3555 lncRNAs,of which 286 were significantly differentially expressed.GO and KEGG analyses showed that cis-and trans-regulated target genes were enriched in multiple disease resistance-related pathways.More specifically,MSTRG.32189,predicted as an endogenous target mimic(eTM),was significantly down-regulated in response to B.dothidea infection,and was confirmed to inhibit the cleavage effect of PcmiR399b on PcUBC24.OE-MSTRG.32189 transgenic Arabidopsis exhibited lower Pi content and weaker disease resistance to Botrytis cinerea compared with wild type.In pear callus,overexpression of MSTRG.32189 negatively regulated PcmiR399b,which decreased Pi content and reduced disease resistance.Overexpressing PcmiR399b in pear callus exhibited the opposite effects compared with OE-MSTRG.32189.Overexpression and knockout of PcUBC24 further clarified that PcUBC24 negatively regulates Pi content and disease resistance to B.dothidea infection.Furthermore,the ROS levels and expressions of disease resistance pathway-related genes were regulated by the MSTRG.32189-PcmiR399b-PcUBC24 module in transgenic pear callus,which contributed to disease resistance.Overall,our results demonstrated the role of lncRNAs in the pear defense response,revealing that the MSTRG.32189-PcmiR399b-PcUBC24 module regulates phosphate accumulation and disease resistance to B.dothidea infection in pear.展开更多
In the article“Silencing of the long non-coding RNA LINC00265 triggers autophagy and apoptosis in lung cancer by reducing protein stability of SIN3A oncogene”(Oncology Research.2024,Vol.32,No.7,pp.1185–1195.doi:10....In the article“Silencing of the long non-coding RNA LINC00265 triggers autophagy and apoptosis in lung cancer by reducing protein stability of SIN3A oncogene”(Oncology Research.2024,Vol.32,No.7,pp.1185–1195.doi:10.32604/or.2023.030771,http://gffzz9e48629005df441asw909fq6kx5ox6qcu.ffgz.tsg.suse.edu.cn/or/v32n7/57163),an inadvertent error occurred during the compilation of Fig.3H.This needed corrections to ensure the accuracy and integrity of the data presented.展开更多
Aiming at the problem that the bit error rate(BER)of asymmetrically clipped optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(ACO-OFDM)space optical communication system is significantly affected by different turbule...Aiming at the problem that the bit error rate(BER)of asymmetrically clipped optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(ACO-OFDM)space optical communication system is significantly affected by different turbulence intensities,the deep learning technique is proposed to the polarization code decoding in ACO-OFDM space optical communication system.Moreover,this system realizes the polarization code decoding and signal demodulation without frequency conduction with superior performance and robustness compared with the performance of traditional decoder.Simulations under different turbulence intensities as well as different mapping orders show that the convolutional neural network(CNN)decoder trained under weak-medium-strong turbulence atmospheric channels achieves a performance improvement of about 102compared to the conventional decoder at 4-quadrature amplitude modulation(4QAM),and the BERs for both 16QAM and 64QAM are in between those of the conventional decoder.展开更多
Along with the proliferating research interest in semantic communication(Sem Com),joint source channel coding(JSCC)has dominated the attention due to the widely assumed existence in efficiently delivering information ...Along with the proliferating research interest in semantic communication(Sem Com),joint source channel coding(JSCC)has dominated the attention due to the widely assumed existence in efficiently delivering information semantics.Nevertheless,this paper challenges the conventional JSCC paradigm and advocates for adopting separate source channel coding(SSCC)to enjoy a more underlying degree of freedom for optimization.We demonstrate that SSCC,after leveraging the strengths of the Large Language Model(LLM)for source coding and Error Correction Code Transformer(ECCT)complemented for channel coding,offers superior performance over JSCC.Our proposed framework also effectively highlights the compatibility challenges between Sem Com approaches and digital communication systems,particularly concerning the resource costs associated with the transmission of high-precision floating point numbers.Through comprehensive evaluations,we establish that assisted by LLM-based compression and ECCT-enhanced error correction,SSCC remains a viable and effective solution for modern communication systems.In other words,separate source channel coding is still what we need.展开更多
Space-time coding radar has been recently proposed and investigated.It is a radar framework which can perform transmit beamforming at the receiver.However,the range resolution decreases when the number of the transmit...Space-time coding radar has been recently proposed and investigated.It is a radar framework which can perform transmit beamforming at the receiver.However,the range resolution decreases when the number of the transmit element increases.A subarray-based space-time coding(sub-STC)radar is explored to alleviate the range resolution reduction.For the proposed radar configuration,an identical waveform is transmitted and it introduces a small time offset in different subarrays.The multidimensional ambiguity function of sub-STC radar is defined by considering resolutions in multiple domains including the range,Doppler,angle and probing direction.Analyses on properties of the multi-dimensional ambiguity function of the sub-STC radar with regard to the spatial coverage,resolution performance and low sidelobes are also given.Results reveal that the range resolution and low sidelobes performance are improved with the proposed approach.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U21A20447 and 61971079)。
摘要Aiming at the poor performance of the parity check(PC) aided adaptive successive cancellation list(PC-ASCL) decoding algorithm because the PC code in the polar code can only verify odd errors, an optimized parity check(OPC) code which can verify all odd errors as well as the half even errors is proposed. The OPC code is used to improve the PC-ASCL decoding algorithm, thus an OPC aided ASCL(OPC-ASCL) decoding algorithm is proposed. In the coding stage, the algorithm divides the information sequence into multiple segments, and places an OPC code at the end of each segment to verify the current information sequence, and places a cyclic redundancy check code at the end of the entire information sequence to verify the entire information sequence. In the decoding stage, the algorithm uses the OPC-ASCL decoder to decode. Simulation results show that compared to the PC-ASCL decoding algorithm, the OPC-ASCL decoding algorithm can reduce the complexity and obtain the certain performance gain.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61205106)
摘要Considering the influence of more random atmospheric turbulence, worse pointing errors and highly dynamic link on the transmission performance of mobile multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) free space optics (FSO) communica- tion systems, this paper establishes a channel model for the mobile platform. Based on the combination of Alamouti space-time code and time hopping ultra-wide band (TH-UWB) communications, a novel repetition space-time coding (RSTC) method for mobile 2x2 free-space optical communications with pulse position modulation (PPM) is devel- oped. In particular, two decoding methods of equal gain combining (EGC) maximum likelihood detection (MLD) and correlation matrix detection (CMD) are derived. When a quasi-static fading and weak turbulence channel model are considered, simulation results show that whether the channel state information (CSI) is known or not, the coding sys- tem demonstrates more significant performance of the symbol error rate (SER) than the uncoding. In other words, transmitting diversity can be achieved while conveying the information only through the time delays of the modulated signals transmitted from different antennas. CMD has almost the same effect of signal combining with maximal ratio combining (MRC). However, when the channel correlation increases, SER performance of the coding 2×2 system de- grades significantly.
基金The Science and Technology Committee of Shanghai Municipality ( No 06DZ15013,No03DZ15010)
摘要A novel low-complexity iterative receiver for multiuser space frequency block coding (SFBC) system was proposed in this paper. Unlike the conventional linear minimum mean square error (MMSE) detector, which requires matrix inversion at each iteration, the soft-in soft-out (SISO) detector is simply a parallel interference cancellation (PIC)-matched filter (MF) operation. The probability density function (PDF) of PIC-MF detector output is approximated as Gaussian, whose variance is calculated with a priori information fed back from the channel decoder. With this approximation, the log likelihood ratios (LLRs) of transmitted bits are under-estimated. Then the LLRs are multiplied by a constant factor to achieve a performance gain. The constant factor is optimized according to extrinsic information transfer (EXIT) chart of the SISO detector. Simulation results show that the proposed iterative receiver can significantly improve the system performance and converge to the matched filter bound (MFB) with low computational complexity at high signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs).
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(WK3490000006).
摘要Lossy image coding is the art of computing that is principally bounded by the image’s rate-distortion function.This bound,though never accurately characterized,has been approached practically via deep learning technologies in recent years.Indeed,learned image coding schemes allow direct optimization of the joint rate-distortion cost,thereby outperforming the handcrafted image coding schemes by a large margin.Still,it is observed that there is room for further improvement in the rate-distortion performance of learned image coding.In this article,we identify the gap between the ideal rate-distortion function forecasted by Shannon’s information theory and the empirical rate-distortion function achieved by the state-of-the-art learned image coding schemes,revealing that the gap is incurred by five different effects:modeling effect,approximation effect,amortization effect,digitization effect,and asymptotic effect.We design simulations and experiments to quantitatively evaluate the last three effects,which demonstrates the high potential of future lossy image coding technologies.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation ofChina (No. 60472100), the Natural Science Foundation of ZhejiangProvince (Nos. RC01057, Y105577, 601017), the Ningbo Scienceand Technology Project (Nos. 2003A61001, 2004A610001,2004A630002), and the Zhejiang Science and Technology Project(No. 2004C31105), China
摘要In this work, a new method to deal with the unconnected pixels in motion compensated temporal filtering (MCTF) is presented, which is designed to improve the performance of 3D lifted wavelet coding. Furthermore, multiple description scalable coding (MDSC) is investigated, and novel MDSC schemes based on 3D wavelet coding are proposed, using the lifting imple- mentation of temporal filtering. The proposed MDSC schemes can avoid the mismatch problem in multiple description video coding, and have high scalability and robustness of video transmission. Experimental results showed that the proposed schemes are feasible and adequately effective.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61472464)the Research Foundation of Education Bureau of Hunan Province in China(No.16C0686)the Key Discipline Construction Project Funding for Hunan University of Science and Engineering(Electrical systems)
摘要In view of the problems that the encoding complexity of quasi-cyclic low-density parity-check(QC-LDPC)codes is high and the minimum distance is not large enough which leads to the degradation of the error-correction performance,the new irregular type-ⅡQC-LDPC codes based on perfect cyclic difference sets(CDSs)are constructed.The parity check matrices of these type-ⅡQC-LDPC codes consist of the zero matrices with weight of 0,the circulant permutation matrices(CPMs)with weight of 1 and the circulant matrices with weight of 2(W2CMs).The introduction of W2CMs in parity check matrices makes it possible to achieve the larger minimum distance which can improve the error-correction performance of the codes.The Tanner graphs of these codes have no girth-4,thus they have the excellent decoding convergence characteristics.In addition,because the parity check matrices have the quasi-dual diagonal structure,the fast encoding algorithm can reduce the encoding complexity effectively.Simulation results show that the new type-ⅡQC-LDPC codes can achieve a more excellent error-correction performance and have no error floor phenomenon over the additive white Gaussian noise(AWGN)channel with sum-product algorithm(SPA)iterative decoding.
摘要The pathways leading to synthesis and post-synthetic modification of DNA employed methionine as donor of atoms: the carbon that came from its –CH3 served for DNA replication and repair either in bacteria or humans;its entire –CH3 served instead for building N6-methyladenine and 5-methylcytosine on bacterial DNA and 5-methylcytosine alone on human DNA. In humans, although a slight extra-S asymmetric methylation appeared de novo yielding on parental DNA 5’-m5CpC-3’/ 3’-GpG-5’, 5’-m5CpT-3’/3’-GpA-5’ and 5’-m5CpA-3’/3’-GpT-5’ monomethylated dinucleotide pairs, a heavy symmetric methylation involved in S semiconservatively newly made DNA to guarantee genetic maintenance of –CH3 in 5’-m5CpG-3’/3’-Gpm5C-5’ dimethylated dinucleotide pairs. In this framework, an inverse correlation was found between bulk genomic DNA methylation occurring in S and bulk polyA-containing pre-mRNA transcription taking place in G1 and G2. Thus, probes of 1 × 106 Daltons (constructed using sheared by sonication newly made methylated DNA filaments) revealed a modular organization in genes: after the hypermethylated promoter, they exhibited an alternation of unmethylated coding and methylated uncoding sequences. This encouraged the search for a language that genes regulated by methylation should have in common. An initial deciphering of restriction minimaps with hypomethylatable exons vs. hypermethylatable promoters and introns was improved when the bisulfite technique allowed a direct sequencing of m5C. In lymphocytes, where the transglutaminase gene is inactive, its promoter exhibited two fully methylated CpG-rich domains at 5’ and one fully unmethylated CpG-rich domain at 3’, including the site +1 and a 5’-UTR. At variance, in HUVEC cells, where the transglutaminase gene is active, in the first CpG-rich domain of promoter few doublets lost their –CH3. Such an inverse correlation suggested new hypotheses especially in connection with repair-modification: UV radiation would cause demethylation in given loci of a promoter by chance, whilst even a partial demethylation in this promoter would be able to resume a previously silent pre-mRNA transcription.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12265004 and 12534020)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(Grant No.20242BAB26010)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12565001 and 12205054)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(Grant No.20252BAC200163)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12365003)the Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Multidimensional Intelligent Perception and Control of China(Grant No.2024SSY03161)。
摘要We study the performance of high-dimensional superdense coding(HD-SDC)over an amplitude damping(AD)channel with memory and propose a protocol that leverages partial measurement and its reversal to enhance the channel capacity.By considering a two-qutrit system,we model the memory AD noise using a convex mixture of memoryless and perfectly memory AD channels.We demonstrate that the memory effect alone can mitigate the decay of the SDC capacity under noise.More significantly,we show that the application of partial measurement before the channel and its reversal after the channel can not only recover the capacity degraded by noise but,for certain non-maximally entangled initial states,even amplify it beyond the initial capacity.This amplification effect is governed by three key factors:the ground-state probability in the initial entangled state,the memory strength,and the partial measurement strength.Our results provide a practical strategy for enhancing quantum communication protocols in realistic noisy environments and highlight the synergistic benefits of memory noise and measurement-based control.
基金funded by the Gansu Science and Technology Major Project(No.22ZD6NA009)National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFD1602103)the Gansu Science and Technology Major Project(No.23ZDNA006).
摘要Tuber dormancy and sprouting are significant for potato cultivation,storage,and processing.Although the substantial role of microRNAs(miRNAs)in some biological processes has been recognized,the critical role of miRNA in breaking potato tuber dormancy is not well understood to date.In this investigation,we expand research on miRNA-mediated gene regulation in tuber dormancy release.In this work,204 known and 192 novel miRNAs were identified.One hundred thirty-six differentially expressed miRNAs(DE-miRNAs)were also screened out,of which 56 DE-miRNAs were regulated by temperature during tuber dormancy release.Additionally,degradome sequencing revealed that 821 target genes for 202 miRNAs were discovered.Among them,63 target genes and 48 miRNAs were predicted to be involved in plant hormone signaling pathways.This study used degradome sequencing,tobacco cotransformation system,and β-glucuronidase(GUS)staining technology to confirm that stu-miR319c can target StTCP26 and StTCP27 and effectively suppress their expression.The transgenic approach exhibited that stu-miR319c overexpressed tubers sprouted in advance,while silent expression of stu-miR319c showed delayed sprouting.Treatment of wild-type tubers with exogenous MeJA revealed that 1 mg/L MeJA significantly broke dormancy and enhanced potato sprouting ability.Furthermore,transgenic tubers revealed variance in jasmonic acid(JA)content and relative expression of genes associated with the JA synthesis pathway,including StAOC,StLOX2,and StLOX4,suggesting that the miR319c may participate in the JA pathway to regulate tuber dormancy release.In summary,our research offers evidence that miRNA regulates potato dormancy release and supports the idea that stu-miR319c is a unique epigenetic regulator for dormancy-sprouting transition in potatoes.
基金supported by the KGJ Basic Research Fund(JCKY2023110C080)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62322306,62173057,62033006)+2 种基金Aviation Science Foundation Project(2022Z018063001)the Argentinean Agency for Scientific and Technological Promotion(PICT-2021-I-A-00730)the National Foreign Expert Individual Project(H20240983).
摘要This article investigates the distributed recursive filtering problem for discrete-time stochastic cyber–physical systems.A particular feature of our work is that we consider systems in which the state is constrained by saturation.Measurements are transmitted to nodes of a sensor network over unreliable wireless channels.We propose a linear coding mechanism,together with a distributed method for obtaining a state estimate at each node.These designs aim to minimize the state estimation error covariance.In addition,we derive a bound on this covariance,and accommodate the design parameters to minimize this bound.The resulting design depends on the packet loss probabilities of the wireless channels.This permits applying the proposed scheme to systems in which communications suffer from denial-of-service attacks,as such attacks typically affect those probabilities.Finally,we present a numerical example illustrating this application.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation ofChina(No60332030)
摘要A new arithmetic coding system combining source channel coding and maximum a posteriori decoding were proposed. It combines source coding and error correction tasks into one unified process by introducing an adaptive forbidden symbol. The proposed system achieves fixed length code words by adaptively adjusting the probability of the forbidden symbol and adding tail digits of variable length. The corresponding improved MAP decoding metric was derived. The proposed system can improve the performance. Simulations were performed on AWGN channels with various noise levels by using both hard and soft decision with BPSK modulation.The results show its performance is slightly better than that of our adaptive arithmetic error correcting coding system using a forbidden symbol.
基金supported by the 2025 Start-up Research Fund(Grant No.JIH2333002Y)from Fudan Universitysupported in part by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities+3 种基金the Yangtze River Delta Science and Technology Innovation Community Joint Research(Basic Research)Project under Grant BK20244006111 project BP0719010STCSM 22DZ2229005supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Grant No.62595745
摘要In this work,we propose a multi-attempt successive cancellation list(MA-SCL)decoder for polar codes that achieves identical error-correction performance to standard SCL decoding while reducing average complexity.Unlike CRC-aided SCL,the proposed MA-SCL progressively restarts decoding with increasing list sizes and reuses information from previous attempts.This design eliminates the need for outer CRC codes.The decoder features dynamic searchspace pruning and an early stopping criterion based on path metrics.Simulations show MA-SCL matches SCL performance with lower average complexity,particularly for short polar-like codes with reed-muller(RM)rate profiles and dynamic frozen constraints.Compared to existing adaptive decoders,MA-SCL offers implementation advantages by eliminating the need for stack-/heap management while providing relatively stable latency bounds(1×to|Λ|×SCL latency).
基金The National High Technology ResearchDevelopment Program of China (863 Pro-gram) (No003aa12331007)National Nat-ural Science Foudation of China ( No60572157,60332030)
摘要An iterative transmit power allocation (PA) algorithm was proposed for group-wise space-time block coding (G-STBC) systems with group-wise successive interference cancellation (GSIC) receivers. Group-wise interference suppression (GIS) filters are employed to separate each group's transmit signals from other interferences and noise. While the total power on all transmit symbols is constrained, all transmit PA coefficients are updated jointly according to the channel information at each iteration. Through PA, each detection symbol has the same post-detection signal to interference-and-noise ratio (SINR). The simulation results verify that the proposed PA algorithm converges at the equilibrium quickly after few iterations, and it achieves much lower bit error rates than the previous single symbol SIC PA and the fixed ratio PA algorithms for G-STBC systems with GSIC receivers .
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant 31972321)the Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System(grant CARS-28).
摘要Pear ring rot disease(Botryosphaeria dothidea)is a significant threat to the healthy development of the pear industry.Recent research has identified the functional role of long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)in various biological processes of plants.The role of lncRNAs in the pear defense response remains unknown.In this study,transcriptome sequencing was used to analyze lncRNAs in pear stem infected with B.dothidea.It identified 3555 lncRNAs,of which 286 were significantly differentially expressed.GO and KEGG analyses showed that cis-and trans-regulated target genes were enriched in multiple disease resistance-related pathways.More specifically,MSTRG.32189,predicted as an endogenous target mimic(eTM),was significantly down-regulated in response to B.dothidea infection,and was confirmed to inhibit the cleavage effect of PcmiR399b on PcUBC24.OE-MSTRG.32189 transgenic Arabidopsis exhibited lower Pi content and weaker disease resistance to Botrytis cinerea compared with wild type.In pear callus,overexpression of MSTRG.32189 negatively regulated PcmiR399b,which decreased Pi content and reduced disease resistance.Overexpressing PcmiR399b in pear callus exhibited the opposite effects compared with OE-MSTRG.32189.Overexpression and knockout of PcUBC24 further clarified that PcUBC24 negatively regulates Pi content and disease resistance to B.dothidea infection.Furthermore,the ROS levels and expressions of disease resistance pathway-related genes were regulated by the MSTRG.32189-PcmiR399b-PcUBC24 module in transgenic pear callus,which contributed to disease resistance.Overall,our results demonstrated the role of lncRNAs in the pear defense response,revealing that the MSTRG.32189-PcmiR399b-PcUBC24 module regulates phosphate accumulation and disease resistance to B.dothidea infection in pear.
摘要In the article“Silencing of the long non-coding RNA LINC00265 triggers autophagy and apoptosis in lung cancer by reducing protein stability of SIN3A oncogene”(Oncology Research.2024,Vol.32,No.7,pp.1185–1195.doi:10.32604/or.2023.030771,http://gffzz9e48629005df441asw909fq6kx5ox6qcu.ffgz.tsg.suse.edu.cn/or/v32n7/57163),an inadvertent error occurred during the compilation of Fig.3H.This needed corrections to ensure the accuracy and integrity of the data presented.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12104141).
摘要Aiming at the problem that the bit error rate(BER)of asymmetrically clipped optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(ACO-OFDM)space optical communication system is significantly affected by different turbulence intensities,the deep learning technique is proposed to the polarization code decoding in ACO-OFDM space optical communication system.Moreover,this system realizes the polarization code decoding and signal demodulation without frequency conduction with superior performance and robustness compared with the performance of traditional decoder.Simulations under different turbulence intensities as well as different mapping orders show that the convolutional neural network(CNN)decoder trained under weak-medium-strong turbulence atmospheric channels achieves a performance improvement of about 102compared to the conventional decoder at 4-quadrature amplitude modulation(4QAM),and the BERs for both 16QAM and 64QAM are in between those of the conventional decoder.
基金supported in part by the National Key Research and Development Program of China under Grant No.2024YFE0200600the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.LR23F010005the Huawei Cooperation Project under Grant No.TC20240829036。
摘要Along with the proliferating research interest in semantic communication(Sem Com),joint source channel coding(JSCC)has dominated the attention due to the widely assumed existence in efficiently delivering information semantics.Nevertheless,this paper challenges the conventional JSCC paradigm and advocates for adopting separate source channel coding(SSCC)to enjoy a more underlying degree of freedom for optimization.We demonstrate that SSCC,after leveraging the strengths of the Large Language Model(LLM)for source coding and Error Correction Code Transformer(ECCT)complemented for channel coding,offers superior performance over JSCC.Our proposed framework also effectively highlights the compatibility challenges between Sem Com approaches and digital communication systems,particularly concerning the resource costs associated with the transmission of high-precision floating point numbers.Through comprehensive evaluations,we establish that assisted by LLM-based compression and ECCT-enhanced error correction,SSCC remains a viable and effective solution for modern communication systems.In other words,separate source channel coding is still what we need.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFE0200400)the Key R&D Program of Shaanxi Province(2017KW-ZD-12)+1 种基金the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of Shaanxi Provincethe Nature Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province
摘要Space-time coding radar has been recently proposed and investigated.It is a radar framework which can perform transmit beamforming at the receiver.However,the range resolution decreases when the number of the transmit element increases.A subarray-based space-time coding(sub-STC)radar is explored to alleviate the range resolution reduction.For the proposed radar configuration,an identical waveform is transmitted and it introduces a small time offset in different subarrays.The multidimensional ambiguity function of sub-STC radar is defined by considering resolutions in multiple domains including the range,Doppler,angle and probing direction.Analyses on properties of the multi-dimensional ambiguity function of the sub-STC radar with regard to the spatial coverage,resolution performance and low sidelobes are also given.Results reveal that the range resolution and low sidelobes performance are improved with the proposed approach.