1.Objective Global collisional orogenic events during the Middle to Late Paleoproterozoic(2.1-1.8 Ga)have garnered significant attention due to their potential role in assembling the Columbia supercontinent(also known...1.Objective Global collisional orogenic events during the Middle to Late Paleoproterozoic(2.1-1.8 Ga)have garnered significant attention due to their potential role in assembling the Columbia supercontinent(also known as Nuna).Having undergone a series of complex subduction-accretion-collision events,the Yangtze Craton(YTC)is critical for understanding the evolution of Columbia supercontinent.However,research remains limited because Paleoproterozoic basement rocks are largely concealed beneath Neoproterozoic to Phanerozoic sedimentary cover.The Kongling Complex,located within the Huangling Dome(HLD)in the northern YTC,preserves evidence of tectonothermal events between 2.1 Ga and 1.8 Ga.Although most scholars agree that a collision event occurred in the YTC during the Paleoproterozoic,the proposed timing varies widely,ranging from 2.15 Ga to 1.95 Ga.The HLD exposes a khondalite series(KS),composed predominantly of metasedimentary rocks,making it a crucial area for investigating the tectonic evolution of the YTC.As a major component of Early Precambrian high-grade metamorphic complexes,the KS provides a distinctive petrological record of collision processes,with its formation directly linked to collisional orogeny.Chronological studies of the KS are thus essential for constraining the timing of collision event.The Kongling khondalite series(KLKS)assemblages are predominantly composed of metapelites(including graphite schists and gneisses),interlayered with metacarbonates(such as marble)and siliceous rocks(including quartzite and leptynite).展开更多
The initial collision geometry,including the reaction plane,is crucial for interpreting the collective phenomena in relativistic heavy-ion collisions;however,it remains experimentally inaccessible through conventional...The initial collision geometry,including the reaction plane,is crucial for interpreting the collective phenomena in relativistic heavy-ion collisions;however,it remains experimentally inaccessible through conventional measurements.Recent studies have proposed the utilization of photon-induced processes as a direct probe,leveraging the complete linear polarization of emitted photons,whose orientation strongly correlates with the collision geometry.In this study,we employed a QED-based approach to systematically investigate dilepton production via two-photon processes in heavy-ion collisions at RHIC and LHC energies and detector acceptances.Our calculations reveal that dilepton emission exhibits significant sensitivity to the initial collision geometry through both the azimuthal angles of their emission(defined by the relative momentum vector of the two leptons)and the overall momentum orientation of dilepton pairs.These findings highlight the potential of twophoton-generated dileptons as a novel polarization-driven probe for quantifying the initial collision geometry and reducing uncertainties in the characterization of quark-gluon plasma properties.展开更多
Theoretical calculations serve as an effective method for determining plasma temperatures within planetary atmospheres.To simulate plasma temperature,a comprehensive implementation of the energy equation is used,which...Theoretical calculations serve as an effective method for determining plasma temperatures within planetary atmospheres.To simulate plasma temperature,a comprehensive implementation of the energy equation is used,which is governed by five terms:conductivity,heating,cooling,adiabatic expansion,and advection.The derivations mentioned are strongly dependent on the collision cross section between electrons and other particles(e.g.,neutrals,ions).It is notable that the momentum transfer cross sections between electrons and neutrals have been updated in recent decades.However,the widely used momentum average collision cross sections between electrons and neutrals,derived from the momentum transfer cross sections,are collected in studies dating back nearly half a century.Therefore,it becomes imperative to revise the momentum average collision cross sections relevant to astrophysical contexts,based on the latest studies.In this study,we summarize the momentum average collision cross sections of 13 species common in planetary atmospheres:H,H2,He,O,CH4,H2O,CO,N2,O2,Ar,CO2,N2O,and NO2.All results are derived from the latest studies concerning the electron-neutral collision cross section and are compared with previous studies.Furthermore,we present a comparison of the derived total electron-neutral collision frequency at Mars between this study and previous studies.Prominent differences in the total electron-neutral collision frequency between this and prior studies support the significance of updating the momentum average collision cross section between electrons and neutrals in studying the planetary atmospheres.展开更多
In recent years,the rapid development of mega-constellations has significantly exacerbated the deterioration of the space debris environment,posing substantial and escalating threats to the safety of spacecraft.This s...In recent years,the rapid development of mega-constellations has significantly exacerbated the deterioration of the space debris environment,posing substantial and escalating threats to the safety of spacecraft.This study aims to explore the complex evolution of the space debris environment and assess the collision risks associated with spacecraft.First,a space debris environment topological network model is proposed,which incorporates interdisciplinary methods from topological networks,fluid mechanics,and spacecraft dynamics.This model enables a structured representation of the relationships among space objects and provides rapid predictions of the space debris environment.Then,a collision probability algorithm based on the topological network model is introduced.This algorithm inherits the efficiency advantages of the topological network model and has been validated for reliability through comparison with the classical ESA’s DRAMA software.Finally,based on the above models,the collision risks of constellation satellites in Low Earth Orbit(LEO)are analyzed,including both operational and deorbit processes.The study reveals that constellation satellites face a much higher risk of internal collisions with satellites from the same constellation during operations than that with other space objects.Additionally,during the satellite deorbit process,the collision risk peaks when satellites traverse the operational region of Starlink satellites.展开更多
Long-span bridges are usually constructed over waterways that involve substantial ship traffic,resulting in a risk of collisions between the bridge girders and over-height ships.The consequences of this can be severe ...Long-span bridges are usually constructed over waterways that involve substantial ship traffic,resulting in a risk of collisions between the bridge girders and over-height ships.The consequences of this can be severe structural damage or even collapse.Accurate measurement of ship dimensions is an effective way to monitor approaching over-height ships and avoid collisions.However,the performance of current techniques for estimating the size of moving objects can be undermined by large sensor-to-object distance,limiting their applicability.In this study,we propose a digital twin-assisted ship size measurement framework that can overcome such limitations through a predictive model and virtual-to-real-world transfer learning.Specifically,a 3D synthetic environment is first established to generate a synthetic dataset,which includes ship images,positions,and dimensions.Then the pixel information and spatial coordinates of ships are adopted as regressors,and ship dimensions are selected as the output variables to pre-train deep learning models using the generated dataset.Coordinate system transformations are applied to address dataset bias between the simulated world and real-world,as well as improve the model’s generalization.The pre-trained models are compared using supervised virtual-to-real-world transfer learning to select the version with optimal real-world performance.The mean absolute percentage error is only 3.74%across varying camera-to-ship distances,which demonstrates that the proposed method is effective for over-limit ship monitoring.展开更多
In this study,we perform particle-resolved simulations of settling spheroidal particles,considering oblate and prolate spheroids and spheres,and investigate the shape effect on the particle dynamics in suspensions wit...In this study,we perform particle-resolved simulations of settling spheroidal particles,considering oblate and prolate spheroids and spheres,and investigate the shape effect on the particle dynamics in suspensions with volume fraction 1%and 5%.We first examine the single-point statistics of the translational and rotational motion of the settling particles.The horizontal velocity has a symmetrical distribution with standard deviation dependent on the particle shape.The greater horizontal velocity fluctuations of the non-spherical particles,compared to that of spheres,are attributed to the horizontal drift of settling spheroids with oblique orientations induced by the fluid-particle and particle-particle interactions.The fluctuation of particle vertical velocity,instead,is skewed under the effect of wake-induced hydrodynamic interactions.Further,we explore the particle pair statistics,which demonstrate the formation of column-like particle micro-structures for the lowest volume fraction considered.This clustering is more pronounced for spheroidal particles than spheres,due to the stronger attractions among vertically-aligned settling spheroids.Moreover,the particle pair statistics are directly related to the collision rate among the dispersed particles.The local accumulation of oblate/prolate spheroids serves as the major mechanism to promote the particle-particle collisions in dilute suspensions.展开更多
Multi-body separation involving collisions is common in aerospace engineering.The ability to analyze the dynamics of multi-body collisions is rarely possessed by traditional Multi-Body Separation Simulation(MBSS)metho...Multi-body separation involving collisions is common in aerospace engineering.The ability to analyze the dynamics of multi-body collisions is rarely possessed by traditional Multi-Body Separation Simulation(MBSS)methods.To methodically address this challenging issue,a research study is conducted herein based on the MBSS in conjunction with an efficient and high-accuracy collision model.First,an MBSS based on the dynamic unstructured overset grid method is performed by solving the unsteady compressible Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations with the six-degree-offreedom rigid-body motion.Second,to detect object collisions and calculate collision factors with high accuracy and efficiency,a collision detection approach and a nearest distance calculation based methodology on the basis of computational fluid dynamics data structures and bounding volume hierarchies are originally proposed.Third,a transient multiple collision model is established to simulate an unlimited number of object collisions within a single time step.Finally,collision simulation experiments with balls and those of the space shuttle's collision with foreign objects are conducted to verify the accuracy,efficiency,and robustness of the newly developed approach.展开更多
Spin-exchange(SE)and spin-destruction(SD)collisions play a central role in determining the coherence properties of alkali-metal vapors and the performance of alkali-metal magnetometers in external magnetic fields.In t...Spin-exchange(SE)and spin-destruction(SD)collisions play a central role in determining the coherence properties of alkali-metal vapors and the performance of alkali-metal magnetometers in external magnetic fields.In this work,we investigate how these collisions influence spin relaxation dynamics and magnetometric response using a generalized Bloch equation that fully accounts for the coupled evolution of spin polarizations in different hyperfine manifolds.Our results show that in the low-field regime,both SE and SD collisions contribute to the suppression of transverse spin relaxation and the slowdown of spin precession,whereas longitudinal relaxation depends weakly on the SE rate and is predominantly governed by SD interactions.Building on the established relationship between spin relaxation rates and magnetometric response,we further analyze how SE and SD collisions affect the performance of two representative magnetometer architectures:the spin-exchange relaxation-free(SERF)magnetometer and the magnetic-resonance Mx-type magnetometer.The SERF magnetometer's response is found to be primarily determined by the SD rate,with only minor dependence on the nuclear spin quantum number.In contrast,the magnetic-resonance Mx-type magnetometer's sensitivity is significantly affected by both the magnetic field strength and the SE rate.While the resonance linewidth decreases with reduced magnetic field,the associated measurement accuracy deteriorates markedly.Consequently,reliable magnetic field reconstruction is only achievable in the high-field regime,where the Larmor frequency greatly exceeds the SE rate.展开更多
This work provides an analysis of pTspectra for identified hadrons generated during gold-gold collisions at a center-of-mass energy(√SNN)of 11.5 GeV.The data,recorded by the STAR detector at the Relativistic He...This work provides an analysis of pTspectra for identified hadrons generated during gold-gold collisions at a center-of-mass energy(√SNN)of 11.5 GeV.The data,recorded by the STAR detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider,is evaluated using predictions from phenomenological models.Specifically,we compare the outcomes of Monte Carlo simulations from Pythia 8.3 and EPOS(comprising EPOS4 and EPOSLHC)with experimental observations.Our investigation focuses onπ±,K±,and(anti-)proton spectra measured at midrapidity(|y|<0.1)across nine distinct centrality classes.In the case ofπ±,EPOS4 model shows good agreement with the data only in the low pTregion.However,it successfully reproduces the results across the entire pTrange for the last three centrality classes for pions yields.In the case of K±,EPOS4 exhibit good agreement with the experimental data.For proton and(anti-)proton,this model mostly underestimates in high-pTregion,likely due to the reduced interaction volume and lower rescattering probability.In contrast,Pythia 8.3 often overpredicts pion yields and provides consistent representations for kaons and for(anti-)protons,Pythia 8.3 and EPOSLHC fails to describe the data.Pythia 8.3 mostly overestimates the data in the case of proton.EPOS4 demonstrates a good description of pion spectra compared to Pythia 8.3,largely attributable to its inclusion of hadronic rescattering effects.Meanwhile,EPOSLHC shows better alignment with experimental data in the case of kaons and proton for the entire pTrange while for pions it also better reproduced the result at higher pTonly.At higher pT,EPOSLHC exhibits a suppression relative to the experimental data,indicating limitations of the model description in a momentum region where collective flow effects are expected to be minimal.EPOS4 and EPOSLHC outperform Pythia 8.3,primarily due to their ability to incorporate correlated flow dynamics and hadronic rescattering effects.In contrast,Pythia 8.3 lacks these mechanisms,leading to less precise spectral descriptions.None of the models accurately replicate the experimental data for the(70-80)%centrality class likely due to the absence of collective effects and the increased role of non-equilibrium dynamics in these events.Additionally,the extracted freeze-out parameters indicate a rise in effective temperature and a decrease in the non-extensive parameter with increasing centrality.These trends suggest greater system excitation and more rapid thermal equilibration in highly central collisions.展开更多
Collision avoidance is recognized as a critical challenge in Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks(VANETs),which demand real-time decision-making.It plays a vital role in ensuring road safety and traffic efficiency.Traditional ap...Collision avoidance is recognized as a critical challenge in Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks(VANETs),which demand real-time decision-making.It plays a vital role in ensuring road safety and traffic efficiency.Traditional approaches like rule-based systems and heuristic methods fail to provide optimal solutions in dynamic and unpredictable traffic scenarios.They cannot balance multiple objectives like minimizing collision risk,ensuring passenger comfort,and optimizing fuel efficiency,leading to suboptimal performance in real-world conditions.To tackle collision avoidance,this paper introduces a novel approach by defining the issue as an optimal control problem and solving it using the Convex Optimization model,which results in autonomous braking and acceleration control in smart vehicles.The model begins by collecting real-time vehicle data from its environment,which includes speed,position,and distance.It then uses this information to generate optimal driving profiles for each vehicle and calculate optimal responses.The informational data guides the vehicle to adjust its braking and acceleration autonomously,ensuring that safe distances are maintained among vehicles without compromising comfort.This approach empowers individual vehicles to make real-time decisions independently and adapt swiftly to changing traffic conditions.The performance of the proposed method is evaluated using a simulation study in MATLAB using the CVX optimization toolbox,comparing Adaptive Cruise Control(ACC)and Fuzzy Logic-Based Collision Avoidance(FLCA)using various performance metrics.Compared to these baseline protocols,our approach achieves a higher success rate in preventing collisions by maintaining smoother acceleration profiles and lower fuel consumption,yielding up to a 32%reduction in collision likelihood and a 19%improvement in fuel efficiency.Additionally,unlike existing rule-based and model-predictive approaches,the proposed method introduces a unified cost function that jointly minimizes collision risk,acceleration jerk,and energy consumption in decentralized VANET scenarios.This integration enables real-time decision-making while maintaining safety,comfort,and efficiency across varying traffic densities.展开更多
Considering the Hamaker constant,inclusion size,and distance between inclusions on the surface of the molten steel,a new collision model of the inclusions on the surface of the molten steel was established based on in...Considering the Hamaker constant,inclusion size,and distance between inclusions on the surface of the molten steel,a new collision model of the inclusions on the surface of the molten steel was established based on in-situ observed results of the collision process of different types of inclusions on the surface of the molten steel.The developed model can be used to calculate the attraction of inclusions on the surface of the molten steel including Al2O3MgO,SiO2,etc.展开更多
We study the impact of neutron-skin thickness on J/ψphotoproduction in ultra-peripheral208Pb+208Pb collisions.Within the color glass condensate framework,we calculate coherent and incoherent cross sections and ...We study the impact of neutron-skin thickness on J/ψphotoproduction in ultra-peripheral208Pb+208Pb collisions.Within the color glass condensate framework,we calculate coherent and incoherent cross sections and examine their dependence on the momentum transfer|t|for different neutron-skin thicknesses.We find a clear imprint of the neutron skin on the|t|spectra:a larger neutron skin leads to a smoother and more extended colordensity profile,suppressing the coherent cross section at large|t|while enhancing the incoherent cross section through increased event-by-event configurational fluctuations in the nuclear periphery.We further show that the ratio of incoherent to coherent integrated cross sections provides a particularly sensitive and robust observable,with reduced theoretical uncertainties.These results establish diffractive vector-meson photoproduction in ultraperipheral collisions as a powerful tomographic tool to constrain the neutron-skin thickness and the transverse gluon distribution at the LHC and future electronśion colliders.展开更多
An important feature of quantum chromodynamics(QCD)is that the strong force grows as the distance between partons increases,which confines partons into hadrons,commonly known as QCD confinement.Perturbative QCD(pQCD)d...An important feature of quantum chromodynamics(QCD)is that the strong force grows as the distance between partons increases,which confines partons into hadrons,commonly known as QCD confinement.Perturbative QCD(pQCD)does not work at large distance,such as the length scale of a hadron,which is the regime of non-perturbative QCD.The detailed QCD mechanisms through which confinement occurs from partons to hadrons(usually known as hadronization),and how it manifests itself in partonic structure of hadrons(usually known as parton distribution),remain unresolved puzzles of first-principle QCD calculations.展开更多
The Internet of Vehicles(IoV)is an emerging technology that aims to connect vehicles,infrastructure,and other devices to enable intelligent transportation systems.One of the key challenges in IoV is to ensure safe and...The Internet of Vehicles(IoV)is an emerging technology that aims to connect vehicles,infrastructure,and other devices to enable intelligent transportation systems.One of the key challenges in IoV is to ensure safe and efficient communication among vehicles of different types and capabilities.This paper proposes a data-driven vehicular heterogeneity-based intelligent collision avoidance system for IoV.The system leverages Vehicle-to-Vehicle(V2V)and Vehicle-to-Infrastructure(V2I)communication to collect real-time data about the environment and the vehicles.The data is collected to acknowledge the heterogeneity of vehicles and human behavior.The data is analyzed using machine learning algorithms to identify potential collision risks and recommend appropriate actions to avoid collisions.The system takes into account the heterogeneity of vehicles,such as their size,speed,and maneuverability,to optimize collision avoidance strategies.The proposed system is experimented with real-time datasets and compared with existing collision avoidance systems.The results are shown using the evaluation metrics that show the proposed system can significantly reduce the number of collisions and improve the overall safety and efficiency of IoV with an accuracy of 96.5%using the SVM algorithm.The trial outcomes demonstrated that the new system,incorporating vehicular,weather,and human behavior factors,outperformed previous systems that only considered vehicular and weather aspects.This innovative approach is poised to lead transportation efforts,reducing accident rates and improving the quality of transportation systems in smart cities.By offering predictive capabilities,the proposed model not only helps control accident rates but also prevents them in advance,ensuring road safety.展开更多
Long-term fault slip rates are fundamental to active tectonic studies,as they provide direct constraints on earthquake recurrence,seismic hazard assessment,and risk mitigation.However,slip-rate estimates in northeaste...Long-term fault slip rates are fundamental to active tectonic studies,as they provide direct constraints on earthquake recurrence,seismic hazard assessment,and risk mitigation.However,slip-rate estimates in northeastern Iran remain limited due to sparse independent chronological constraints on displaced geomorphic markers.Moreover,few studies have tested whether quartz optically stimulated luminescence(OSL)dating yields slip-rate estimates consistent with terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide(TCN)and geodetic data in arid fluvial settings.The Abr and Khij faults,major strands of the Shahrud fault system in northeastern Iran,accommodate significant left-lateral strike-slip motion within the Arabia–Eurasia collision zone.In this study,we measured cumulative offsets of 331±7 m(Abr)and 193±4 m(Khij)from displaced alluvial-fan and erosional-surface deposits.Quartz OSL dating of four sediment samples-supported by dose recovery tests,decay curve analyses,and equivalent dose distribution modeling-yielded depositional ages of 111.0±8.6 ka(Abr)and 118.4±6.9 ka(Khij),providing maximum estimates for surface formation.Using these data,we calculated slip rates of 3.00±0.24 mm/yr and 1.63±0.11 mm/yr for the Abr and Khij faults,respectively.These rates fall within or slightly below previous estimates from TCN dating(Abr:3-4 mm/yr;Khij:1-3 mm/yr),indicating overall methodological agreement while highlighting the importance of refining displacement and age constraints.The complementary use of OSL and TCN dating offers a robust chronological framework that reconciles depositional and exposure histories,thereby refining slip-rate estimates for active faults in northeastern Iran.Together,the Abr and Khij faults accommodate~4.4 mm/yr of left-lateral slip,consistent with regional geodetic strain estimates from InSAR and GPS.This result supports the active tectonic role of the eastern Alborz Mountains within the Arabia-Eurasia collision zone.The study further demonstrates the reliability of quartz OSL dating in arid,fluvial depositional contexts,where weak luminescence signals,early saturation,partial bleaching,and sediment mixing are common challenges.The measured slip rates underscore the key role of the Abr and Khij faults in accommodating Arabia-Eurasia plate convergence and provide new constraints on strain partitioning across northeastern Iran.Our findings also have important implications for seismic hazard assessment and for refining fault activity rates in other transpressional orogenic settings.展开更多
The Indian,Arabian and Eurasian continental plate collision zones are tectonically active regions on Earth,characterized by intense seismicity and complex faulting patterns.In this study,teleseismic body-waveform inve...The Indian,Arabian and Eurasian continental plate collision zones are tectonically active regions on Earth,characterized by intense seismicity and complex faulting patterns.In this study,teleseismic body-waveform inversion is applied to determine source parameters of 98 moderate to large earthquakes distributed across the Indian and Eurasian(IE)plates collision zone,the Arabian and Eurasian(AE)plates collision zone,and the transitional Makran accretionary wedge.The IE collision,initiated during the Paleocene-Eocene following closure of the Neo-Tethys Ocean,and the younger AE collision,active since the Early Miocene,exhibit contrasting tectonic styles.Earthquakes in both collision zones are dominated by reverse faulting within the upper and middle crust.However,the average dip of north-dipping thrust faults in the AE zone(~35°)is much steeper than that in the IE zone(~15°),indicating differences in lithospheric structure and mechanical coupling during continental convergence.In contrast,the Makran transition zone exhibits a mixture of reverse,strike-slip,and normal faulting mechanisms,with seismicity extending to depths of~70 km,reflecting deformation within the subducting Arabian slab and complex stress partitioning within the accretionary wedge.These results provide improved regional constraints on earthquake depth distributions and faulting styles,offering new insights into tectonic processes and seismic hazard potential across collision subduction transition systems.展开更多
This study employed time-resolved coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering to investigate the vibrational relaxation mechanism of N2(v=6)molecules in N2-M systems,where M denotes N2,O2,or CO.At 297 K,the rela...This study employed time-resolved coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering to investigate the vibrational relaxation mechanism of N2(v=6)molecules in N2-M systems,where M denotes N2,O2,or CO.At 297 K,the relaxation rate coefficients for collisions between N2(v=6)and N2,O2,and CO were determined to be(2.85±0.07)×10-14 cm3·s-1,(6.29±0.12)×10-14cm3·s-1,and(11.21±0.20)×10-14cm3·s-1,respectively.The results demonstrated that the relaxation rate coefficient for N2(v=6)-CO collisions was 1.8 times higher than that for N2-O2collisions and 3.9 times greater than that for homonuclear N2-N2collisions,indicating that CO significantly enhances the vibrational relaxation of N2(v=6).Furthermore,by analyzing the time-resolved population evolution of N2(v≤6)in N2-O2and N2-CO systems under varying buffer gas molar ratios and integrating these data with kinetic analysis,the vibrational relaxation mechanism of N2(v=6)in different collisional environments was systematically elucidated.The findings indicate that in the N2-O2system,increasing the molar ratio of acceptor molecules leads to a gradual shift from single-quantum to multi-quantum relaxation dominance,whereas the N2-CO system exhibits a transition from multi-quantum to single-quantum dominance.In addition,a systematic study examined the vibrational relaxation mechanism of N2(v=6)in two gas mixtures between 297 K and 573 K.The results indicate that elevated temperature significantly enhances the efficiency of near-resonance energy transfer associated with the dominant relaxation pathway.展开更多
Dual-arm robots operating in dynamic,human-centered environments must be reactive,dexterous,and safe while intelligently coordinating both arms to perform task-space-constrained manipulations.To address this challenge...Dual-arm robots operating in dynamic,human-centered environments must be reactive,dexterous,and safe while intelligently coordinating both arms to perform task-space-constrained manipulations.To address this challenge,we propose a general framework comprising three interrelated modules for dual-arm robots,which integrates tightly coupled coordinated bimanual manipulation with reactive collision-free motion:i)The multiple task-priority joint control module achieves tightly coupled bimanual coordination by taking advantage of the cooperative dual task space,including the fixed relative pose of the dual-arm end-effectors,the flexible absolute pose control of the end-effectors,and satisfying joint limits.ii)The nominal trajectory module,based on the vector field that combines the target attraction force and the manipulability force,dynamically generates nominal reference trajectory for the end-effectors.ii)The safety filter module,based on control barrier function,locally reshapes the nominal reference trajectory in real time to generate collision-free reference trajectory.Various planning methods are thoroughly validated in cluttered and dynamic simulation scenarios.The proposed method is able to reliably accomplish constrained tasks while existing solutions perform poorly.In real-world experiments,a 14-degree-of-freedom dual-arm robot transports multiple cups by grasping a tray in an environment with random disturbances.Experimental results demonstrate that the robot prevents the cups from sliding off by adaptively adjusting the tray's tilt angle.Simultaneously,bimanual reactive motion enables the robot to successfully avoid dynamic obstacles while maintaining task execution.展开更多
In small overlap collision,rear-seat occupants face elevated injury risks.This study conducts multi-objective opti-mization of the rear-seat occupant restraint system to reduce these injury risks and enhance overall v...In small overlap collision,rear-seat occupants face elevated injury risks.This study conducts multi-objective opti-mization of the rear-seat occupant restraint system to reduce these injury risks and enhance overall vehicle safety performance.Based on real-world traffic accident data,a full-vehicle crash simulation model was established and validated with the actual injury data.Weighted injury criteria(WIC)and neck injury metrics(Nij)were selected as optimization objectives.The rear-seat restraint system was optimized using NSGA-Ⅱ and TOPSIS algorithms to determine the optimal parameter configurations.The optimized parameters were subsequently reintegrated into the simulation model for validation.The results demonstrate a significant reduction in occupant injuries,with WIC and Nij reduced by 30.3%and 20.7%,respectively.展开更多
Maritime collision accidents occur frequently and result in severe consequences,constituting approximately 60%of maritime incidents.Human error accounts for 75%−96%of these collisions,emphasizing the necessity for int...Maritime collision accidents occur frequently and result in severe consequences,constituting approximately 60%of maritime incidents.Human error accounts for 75%−96%of these collisions,emphasizing the necessity for intelligent decision-making systems.This study proposes a fuzzy inference system for multi-ship collision avoidance decisionmaking based on dynamic collision risk assessment incorporating multiple ship interactions.The proposed method enhances collision avoidance through two primary innovations:a finite state mechanism for dynamic multi-ship interaction analysis and game-theoretic collision-avoidance strategies that integrate real-time behavioural responses with Convention on the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea(COLREGs)compliance.The IFTHEN rule incorporates action strategies,ship behaviour,and navigation rules,with collision avoidance decisions derived through the fuzzy inference system.This framework uniquely addresses collision risk evaluation by integrating dynamic risk assessment and ship interaction strategies,enabling proactive adjustments that maintain safety margins while adhering to maritime regulations.Simulation experiments assess multi-ship collision-avoidance maneuvers under various interaction scenarios,demonstrating the model’s ability to execute timely adjustments and effectively mitigate collision risks among multiple target vessels,thereby ensuring minimal exposure during encounters.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42372083,41772229).
摘要1.Objective Global collisional orogenic events during the Middle to Late Paleoproterozoic(2.1-1.8 Ga)have garnered significant attention due to their potential role in assembling the Columbia supercontinent(also known as Nuna).Having undergone a series of complex subduction-accretion-collision events,the Yangtze Craton(YTC)is critical for understanding the evolution of Columbia supercontinent.However,research remains limited because Paleoproterozoic basement rocks are largely concealed beneath Neoproterozoic to Phanerozoic sedimentary cover.The Kongling Complex,located within the Huangling Dome(HLD)in the northern YTC,preserves evidence of tectonothermal events between 2.1 Ga and 1.8 Ga.Although most scholars agree that a collision event occurred in the YTC during the Paleoproterozoic,the proposed timing varies widely,ranging from 2.15 Ga to 1.95 Ga.The HLD exposes a khondalite series(KS),composed predominantly of metasedimentary rocks,making it a crucial area for investigating the tectonic evolution of the YTC.As a major component of Early Precambrian high-grade metamorphic complexes,the KS provides a distinctive petrological record of collision processes,with its formation directly linked to collisional orogeny.Chronological studies of the KS are thus essential for constraining the timing of collision event.The Kongling khondalite series(KLKS)assemblages are predominantly composed of metapelites(including graphite schists and gneisses),interlayered with metacarbonates(such as marble)and siliceous rocks(including quartzite and leptynite).
基金supported in part by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFA1604900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(Nos.12175223,124B2103,and 12005220)+1 种基金Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation(No.2208085J23)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)(No.YSBR-088)。
摘要The initial collision geometry,including the reaction plane,is crucial for interpreting the collective phenomena in relativistic heavy-ion collisions;however,it remains experimentally inaccessible through conventional measurements.Recent studies have proposed the utilization of photon-induced processes as a direct probe,leveraging the complete linear polarization of emitted photons,whose orientation strongly correlates with the collision geometry.In this study,we employed a QED-based approach to systematically investigate dilepton production via two-photon processes in heavy-ion collisions at RHIC and LHC energies and detector acceptances.Our calculations reveal that dilepton emission exhibits significant sensitivity to the initial collision geometry through both the azimuthal angles of their emission(defined by the relative momentum vector of the two leptons)and the overall momentum orientation of dilepton pairs.These findings highlight the potential of twophoton-generated dileptons as a novel polarization-driven probe for quantifying the initial collision geometry and reducing uncertainties in the characterization of quark-gluon plasma properties.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China through Grants 42261160643,42441806,42241114,and 42304166supported by the open project funded by the Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences,University of Science and Technology of China.
摘要Theoretical calculations serve as an effective method for determining plasma temperatures within planetary atmospheres.To simulate plasma temperature,a comprehensive implementation of the energy equation is used,which is governed by five terms:conductivity,heating,cooling,adiabatic expansion,and advection.The derivations mentioned are strongly dependent on the collision cross section between electrons and other particles(e.g.,neutrals,ions).It is notable that the momentum transfer cross sections between electrons and neutrals have been updated in recent decades.However,the widely used momentum average collision cross sections between electrons and neutrals,derived from the momentum transfer cross sections,are collected in studies dating back nearly half a century.Therefore,it becomes imperative to revise the momentum average collision cross sections relevant to astrophysical contexts,based on the latest studies.In this study,we summarize the momentum average collision cross sections of 13 species common in planetary atmospheres:H,H2,He,O,CH4,H2O,CO,N2,O2,Ar,CO2,N2O,and NO2.All results are derived from the latest studies concerning the electron-neutral collision cross section and are compared with previous studies.Furthermore,we present a comparison of the derived total electron-neutral collision frequency at Mars between this study and previous studies.Prominent differences in the total electron-neutral collision frequency between this and prior studies support the significance of updating the momentum average collision cross section between electrons and neutrals in studying the planetary atmospheres.
基金supported by the National Level Project of China(No.KJSP2023020201)the Foundation of Science and Technology on Aerospace Flight Dynamics Laboratory of China(No.kjw6142210240202)+1 种基金the Beijing Institute of Technology Research Fund Program for Young Scholars of Chinathe Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities of China。
摘要In recent years,the rapid development of mega-constellations has significantly exacerbated the deterioration of the space debris environment,posing substantial and escalating threats to the safety of spacecraft.This study aims to explore the complex evolution of the space debris environment and assess the collision risks associated with spacecraft.First,a space debris environment topological network model is proposed,which incorporates interdisciplinary methods from topological networks,fluid mechanics,and spacecraft dynamics.This model enables a structured representation of the relationships among space objects and provides rapid predictions of the space debris environment.Then,a collision probability algorithm based on the topological network model is introduced.This algorithm inherits the efficiency advantages of the topological network model and has been validated for reliability through comparison with the classical ESA’s DRAMA software.Finally,based on the above models,the collision risks of constellation satellites in Low Earth Orbit(LEO)are analyzed,including both operational and deorbit processes.The study reveals that constellation satellites face a much higher risk of internal collisions with satellites from the same constellation during operations than that with other space objects.Additionally,during the satellite deorbit process,the collision risk peaks when satellites traverse the operational region of Starlink satellites.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52338011 and 52108274)the Start-up Research Fund of Southeast University(No.RF1028624058),Chinasupport from the SEU Innovation Capability Enhancement Plan for Doctoral Students(No.CXJH_SEU 26112),China.
摘要Long-span bridges are usually constructed over waterways that involve substantial ship traffic,resulting in a risk of collisions between the bridge girders and over-height ships.The consequences of this can be severe structural damage or even collapse.Accurate measurement of ship dimensions is an effective way to monitor approaching over-height ships and avoid collisions.However,the performance of current techniques for estimating the size of moving objects can be undermined by large sensor-to-object distance,limiting their applicability.In this study,we propose a digital twin-assisted ship size measurement framework that can overcome such limitations through a predictive model and virtual-to-real-world transfer learning.Specifically,a 3D synthetic environment is first established to generate a synthetic dataset,which includes ship images,positions,and dimensions.Then the pixel information and spatial coordinates of ships are adopted as regressors,and ship dimensions are selected as the output variables to pre-train deep learning models using the generated dataset.Coordinate system transformations are applied to address dataset bias between the simulated world and real-world,as well as improve the model’s generalization.The pre-trained models are compared using supervised virtual-to-real-world transfer learning to select the version with optimal real-world performance.The mean absolute percentage error is only 3.74%across varying camera-to-ship distances,which demonstrates that the proposed method is effective for over-limit ship monitoring.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.92252104,12388101,and 12472224).
摘要In this study,we perform particle-resolved simulations of settling spheroidal particles,considering oblate and prolate spheroids and spheres,and investigate the shape effect on the particle dynamics in suspensions with volume fraction 1%and 5%.We first examine the single-point statistics of the translational and rotational motion of the settling particles.The horizontal velocity has a symmetrical distribution with standard deviation dependent on the particle shape.The greater horizontal velocity fluctuations of the non-spherical particles,compared to that of spheres,are attributed to the horizontal drift of settling spheroids with oblique orientations induced by the fluid-particle and particle-particle interactions.The fluctuation of particle vertical velocity,instead,is skewed under the effect of wake-induced hydrodynamic interactions.Further,we explore the particle pair statistics,which demonstrate the formation of column-like particle micro-structures for the lowest volume fraction considered.This clustering is more pronounced for spheroidal particles than spheres,due to the stronger attractions among vertically-aligned settling spheroids.Moreover,the particle pair statistics are directly related to the collision rate among the dispersed particles.The local accumulation of oblate/prolate spheroids serves as the major mechanism to promote the particle-particle collisions in dilute suspensions.
基金supported by the National Numerical Windtunnel Project,China(No.NNW2019ZT7-B31)。
摘要Multi-body separation involving collisions is common in aerospace engineering.The ability to analyze the dynamics of multi-body collisions is rarely possessed by traditional Multi-Body Separation Simulation(MBSS)methods.To methodically address this challenging issue,a research study is conducted herein based on the MBSS in conjunction with an efficient and high-accuracy collision model.First,an MBSS based on the dynamic unstructured overset grid method is performed by solving the unsteady compressible Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations with the six-degree-offreedom rigid-body motion.Second,to detect object collisions and calculate collision factors with high accuracy and efficiency,a collision detection approach and a nearest distance calculation based methodology on the basis of computational fluid dynamics data structures and bounding volume hierarchies are originally proposed.Third,a transient multiple collision model is established to simulate an unlimited number of object collisions within a single time step.Finally,collision simulation experiments with balls and those of the space shuttle's collision with foreign objects are conducted to verify the accuracy,efficiency,and robustness of the newly developed approach.
基金supported by the Science Challenge Project(Grant No.TZ2025017)。
摘要Spin-exchange(SE)and spin-destruction(SD)collisions play a central role in determining the coherence properties of alkali-metal vapors and the performance of alkali-metal magnetometers in external magnetic fields.In this work,we investigate how these collisions influence spin relaxation dynamics and magnetometric response using a generalized Bloch equation that fully accounts for the coupled evolution of spin polarizations in different hyperfine manifolds.Our results show that in the low-field regime,both SE and SD collisions contribute to the suppression of transverse spin relaxation and the slowdown of spin precession,whereas longitudinal relaxation depends weakly on the SE rate and is predominantly governed by SD interactions.Building on the established relationship between spin relaxation rates and magnetometric response,we further analyze how SE and SD collisions affect the performance of two representative magnetometer architectures:the spin-exchange relaxation-free(SERF)magnetometer and the magnetic-resonance Mx-type magnetometer.The SERF magnetometer's response is found to be primarily determined by the SD rate,with only minor dependence on the nuclear spin quantum number.In contrast,the magnetic-resonance Mx-type magnetometer's sensitivity is significantly affected by both the magnetic field strength and the SE rate.While the resonance linewidth decreases with reduced magnetic field,the associated measurement accuracy deteriorates markedly.Consequently,reliable magnetic field reconstruction is only achievable in the high-field regime,where the Larmor frequency greatly exceeds the SE rate.
基金supported by Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project number(PNURSP2026R106)Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabiathe Deanship of Scientific Research at Northern Border University,Arar,KSA,for funding this research work through project number NBU-FFR-2025-2099-09。
摘要This work provides an analysis of pTspectra for identified hadrons generated during gold-gold collisions at a center-of-mass energy(√SNN)of 11.5 GeV.The data,recorded by the STAR detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider,is evaluated using predictions from phenomenological models.Specifically,we compare the outcomes of Monte Carlo simulations from Pythia 8.3 and EPOS(comprising EPOS4 and EPOSLHC)with experimental observations.Our investigation focuses onπ±,K±,and(anti-)proton spectra measured at midrapidity(|y|<0.1)across nine distinct centrality classes.In the case ofπ±,EPOS4 model shows good agreement with the data only in the low pTregion.However,it successfully reproduces the results across the entire pTrange for the last three centrality classes for pions yields.In the case of K±,EPOS4 exhibit good agreement with the experimental data.For proton and(anti-)proton,this model mostly underestimates in high-pTregion,likely due to the reduced interaction volume and lower rescattering probability.In contrast,Pythia 8.3 often overpredicts pion yields and provides consistent representations for kaons and for(anti-)protons,Pythia 8.3 and EPOSLHC fails to describe the data.Pythia 8.3 mostly overestimates the data in the case of proton.EPOS4 demonstrates a good description of pion spectra compared to Pythia 8.3,largely attributable to its inclusion of hadronic rescattering effects.Meanwhile,EPOSLHC shows better alignment with experimental data in the case of kaons and proton for the entire pTrange while for pions it also better reproduced the result at higher pTonly.At higher pT,EPOSLHC exhibits a suppression relative to the experimental data,indicating limitations of the model description in a momentum region where collective flow effects are expected to be minimal.EPOS4 and EPOSLHC outperform Pythia 8.3,primarily due to their ability to incorporate correlated flow dynamics and hadronic rescattering effects.In contrast,Pythia 8.3 lacks these mechanisms,leading to less precise spectral descriptions.None of the models accurately replicate the experimental data for the(70-80)%centrality class likely due to the absence of collective effects and the increased role of non-equilibrium dynamics in these events.Additionally,the extracted freeze-out parameters indicate a rise in effective temperature and a decrease in the non-extensive parameter with increasing centrality.These trends suggest greater system excitation and more rapid thermal equilibration in highly central collisions.
基金supported by the Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project under grant number(PNURSP2026R751)Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
摘要Collision avoidance is recognized as a critical challenge in Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks(VANETs),which demand real-time decision-making.It plays a vital role in ensuring road safety and traffic efficiency.Traditional approaches like rule-based systems and heuristic methods fail to provide optimal solutions in dynamic and unpredictable traffic scenarios.They cannot balance multiple objectives like minimizing collision risk,ensuring passenger comfort,and optimizing fuel efficiency,leading to suboptimal performance in real-world conditions.To tackle collision avoidance,this paper introduces a novel approach by defining the issue as an optimal control problem and solving it using the Convex Optimization model,which results in autonomous braking and acceleration control in smart vehicles.The model begins by collecting real-time vehicle data from its environment,which includes speed,position,and distance.It then uses this information to generate optimal driving profiles for each vehicle and calculate optimal responses.The informational data guides the vehicle to adjust its braking and acceleration autonomously,ensuring that safe distances are maintained among vehicles without compromising comfort.This approach empowers individual vehicles to make real-time decisions independently and adapt swiftly to changing traffic conditions.The performance of the proposed method is evaluated using a simulation study in MATLAB using the CVX optimization toolbox,comparing Adaptive Cruise Control(ACC)and Fuzzy Logic-Based Collision Avoidance(FLCA)using various performance metrics.Compared to these baseline protocols,our approach achieves a higher success rate in preventing collisions by maintaining smoother acceleration profiles and lower fuel consumption,yielding up to a 32%reduction in collision likelihood and a 19%improvement in fuel efficiency.Additionally,unlike existing rule-based and model-predictive approaches,the proposed method introduces a unified cost function that jointly minimizes collision risk,acceleration jerk,and energy consumption in decentralized VANET scenarios.This integration enables real-time decision-making while maintaining safety,comfort,and efficiency across varying traffic densities.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U22A20171)the National Key Research and Development Program Project(2023YFB3709901)+3 种基金the China Baowu Low Carbon Metallurgical Innovation Fund(BWLCF202315)the Pangang-USTB Vanadium and Titanium Research Institute Research Projectthe High Steel Center(HSC)at North China University of TechnologyYanshan University and University of Science and Technology Beijing,China.
摘要Considering the Hamaker constant,inclusion size,and distance between inclusions on the surface of the molten steel,a new collision model of the inclusions on the surface of the molten steel was established based on in-situ observed results of the collision process of different types of inclusions on the surface of the molten steel.The developed model can be used to calculate the attraction of inclusions on the surface of the molten steel including Al2O3MgO,SiO2,etc.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2024YFA1612600 and 2022YFA1604900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12025501 and 12547102)+2 种基金Shanghai Pujiang Talents Program(Grant No.24PJA009)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2024M750489)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(Grant No.23JC1400200)。
摘要We study the impact of neutron-skin thickness on J/ψphotoproduction in ultra-peripheral208Pb+208Pb collisions.Within the color glass condensate framework,we calculate coherent and incoherent cross sections and examine their dependence on the momentum transfer|t|for different neutron-skin thicknesses.We find a clear imprint of the neutron skin on the|t|spectra:a larger neutron skin leads to a smoother and more extended colordensity profile,suppressing the coherent cross section at large|t|while enhancing the incoherent cross section through increased event-by-event configurational fluctuations in the nuclear periphery.We further show that the ratio of incoherent to coherent integrated cross sections provides a particularly sensitive and robust observable,with reduced theoretical uncertainties.These results establish diffractive vector-meson photoproduction in ultraperipheral collisions as a powerful tomographic tool to constrain the neutron-skin thickness and the transverse gluon distribution at the LHC and future electronśion colliders.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12575145)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFA1604900)。
摘要An important feature of quantum chromodynamics(QCD)is that the strong force grows as the distance between partons increases,which confines partons into hadrons,commonly known as QCD confinement.Perturbative QCD(pQCD)does not work at large distance,such as the length scale of a hadron,which is the regime of non-perturbative QCD.The detailed QCD mechanisms through which confinement occurs from partons to hadrons(usually known as hadronization),and how it manifests itself in partonic structure of hadrons(usually known as parton distribution),remain unresolved puzzles of first-principle QCD calculations.
摘要The Internet of Vehicles(IoV)is an emerging technology that aims to connect vehicles,infrastructure,and other devices to enable intelligent transportation systems.One of the key challenges in IoV is to ensure safe and efficient communication among vehicles of different types and capabilities.This paper proposes a data-driven vehicular heterogeneity-based intelligent collision avoidance system for IoV.The system leverages Vehicle-to-Vehicle(V2V)and Vehicle-to-Infrastructure(V2I)communication to collect real-time data about the environment and the vehicles.The data is collected to acknowledge the heterogeneity of vehicles and human behavior.The data is analyzed using machine learning algorithms to identify potential collision risks and recommend appropriate actions to avoid collisions.The system takes into account the heterogeneity of vehicles,such as their size,speed,and maneuverability,to optimize collision avoidance strategies.The proposed system is experimented with real-time datasets and compared with existing collision avoidance systems.The results are shown using the evaluation metrics that show the proposed system can significantly reduce the number of collisions and improve the overall safety and efficiency of IoV with an accuracy of 96.5%using the SVM algorithm.The trial outcomes demonstrated that the new system,incorporating vehicular,weather,and human behavior factors,outperformed previous systems that only considered vehicular and weather aspects.This innovative approach is poised to lead transportation efforts,reducing accident rates and improving the quality of transportation systems in smart cities.By offering predictive capabilities,the proposed model not only helps control accident rates but also prevents them in advance,ensuring road safety.
摘要Long-term fault slip rates are fundamental to active tectonic studies,as they provide direct constraints on earthquake recurrence,seismic hazard assessment,and risk mitigation.However,slip-rate estimates in northeastern Iran remain limited due to sparse independent chronological constraints on displaced geomorphic markers.Moreover,few studies have tested whether quartz optically stimulated luminescence(OSL)dating yields slip-rate estimates consistent with terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide(TCN)and geodetic data in arid fluvial settings.The Abr and Khij faults,major strands of the Shahrud fault system in northeastern Iran,accommodate significant left-lateral strike-slip motion within the Arabia–Eurasia collision zone.In this study,we measured cumulative offsets of 331±7 m(Abr)and 193±4 m(Khij)from displaced alluvial-fan and erosional-surface deposits.Quartz OSL dating of four sediment samples-supported by dose recovery tests,decay curve analyses,and equivalent dose distribution modeling-yielded depositional ages of 111.0±8.6 ka(Abr)and 118.4±6.9 ka(Khij),providing maximum estimates for surface formation.Using these data,we calculated slip rates of 3.00±0.24 mm/yr and 1.63±0.11 mm/yr for the Abr and Khij faults,respectively.These rates fall within or slightly below previous estimates from TCN dating(Abr:3-4 mm/yr;Khij:1-3 mm/yr),indicating overall methodological agreement while highlighting the importance of refining displacement and age constraints.The complementary use of OSL and TCN dating offers a robust chronological framework that reconciles depositional and exposure histories,thereby refining slip-rate estimates for active faults in northeastern Iran.Together,the Abr and Khij faults accommodate~4.4 mm/yr of left-lateral slip,consistent with regional geodetic strain estimates from InSAR and GPS.This result supports the active tectonic role of the eastern Alborz Mountains within the Arabia-Eurasia collision zone.The study further demonstrates the reliability of quartz OSL dating in arid,fluvial depositional contexts,where weak luminescence signals,early saturation,partial bleaching,and sediment mixing are common challenges.The measured slip rates underscore the key role of the Abr and Khij faults in accommodating Arabia-Eurasia plate convergence and provide new constraints on strain partitioning across northeastern Iran.Our findings also have important implications for seismic hazard assessment and for refining fault activity rates in other transpressional orogenic settings.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Key Program:no.42130312,Excellent Research Group for Tibetan Plateau Earth System:no.42588201)by the Department of Science and Technology of the Xizang Autonomous Region(no.XZ202601ZY0168)。
摘要The Indian,Arabian and Eurasian continental plate collision zones are tectonically active regions on Earth,characterized by intense seismicity and complex faulting patterns.In this study,teleseismic body-waveform inversion is applied to determine source parameters of 98 moderate to large earthquakes distributed across the Indian and Eurasian(IE)plates collision zone,the Arabian and Eurasian(AE)plates collision zone,and the transitional Makran accretionary wedge.The IE collision,initiated during the Paleocene-Eocene following closure of the Neo-Tethys Ocean,and the younger AE collision,active since the Early Miocene,exhibit contrasting tectonic styles.Earthquakes in both collision zones are dominated by reverse faulting within the upper and middle crust.However,the average dip of north-dipping thrust faults in the AE zone(~35°)is much steeper than that in the IE zone(~15°),indicating differences in lithospheric structure and mechanical coupling during continental convergence.In contrast,the Makran transition zone exhibits a mixture of reverse,strike-slip,and normal faulting mechanisms,with seismicity extending to depths of~70 km,reflecting deformation within the subducting Arabian slab and complex stress partitioning within the accretionary wedge.These results provide improved regional constraints on earthquake depth distributions and faulting styles,offering new insights into tectonic processes and seismic hazard potential across collision subduction transition systems.
基金Project supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China(Grant No.2024D01C51)。
摘要This study employed time-resolved coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering to investigate the vibrational relaxation mechanism of N2(v=6)molecules in N2-M systems,where M denotes N2,O2,or CO.At 297 K,the relaxation rate coefficients for collisions between N2(v=6)and N2,O2,and CO were determined to be(2.85±0.07)×10-14 cm3·s-1,(6.29±0.12)×10-14cm3·s-1,and(11.21±0.20)×10-14cm3·s-1,respectively.The results demonstrated that the relaxation rate coefficient for N2(v=6)-CO collisions was 1.8 times higher than that for N2-O2collisions and 3.9 times greater than that for homonuclear N2-N2collisions,indicating that CO significantly enhances the vibrational relaxation of N2(v=6).Furthermore,by analyzing the time-resolved population evolution of N2(v≤6)in N2-O2and N2-CO systems under varying buffer gas molar ratios and integrating these data with kinetic analysis,the vibrational relaxation mechanism of N2(v=6)in different collisional environments was systematically elucidated.The findings indicate that in the N2-O2system,increasing the molar ratio of acceptor molecules leads to a gradual shift from single-quantum to multi-quantum relaxation dominance,whereas the N2-CO system exhibits a transition from multi-quantum to single-quantum dominance.In addition,a systematic study examined the vibrational relaxation mechanism of N2(v=6)in two gas mixtures between 297 K and 573 K.The results indicate that elevated temperature significantly enhances the efficiency of near-resonance energy transfer associated with the dominant relaxation pathway.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under the Basic Science Center Program for Space Robot Intelligent Manipulation(T2388101)in part by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(HIT-XTCX-4)+1 种基金in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51875114)in part by the Self-Planned Task(SKLRS202204B)of State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System,Harbin Institute of Technology,China。
摘要Dual-arm robots operating in dynamic,human-centered environments must be reactive,dexterous,and safe while intelligently coordinating both arms to perform task-space-constrained manipulations.To address this challenge,we propose a general framework comprising three interrelated modules for dual-arm robots,which integrates tightly coupled coordinated bimanual manipulation with reactive collision-free motion:i)The multiple task-priority joint control module achieves tightly coupled bimanual coordination by taking advantage of the cooperative dual task space,including the fixed relative pose of the dual-arm end-effectors,the flexible absolute pose control of the end-effectors,and satisfying joint limits.ii)The nominal trajectory module,based on the vector field that combines the target attraction force and the manipulability force,dynamically generates nominal reference trajectory for the end-effectors.ii)The safety filter module,based on control barrier function,locally reshapes the nominal reference trajectory in real time to generate collision-free reference trajectory.Various planning methods are thoroughly validated in cluttered and dynamic simulation scenarios.The proposed method is able to reliably accomplish constrained tasks while existing solutions perform poorly.In real-world experiments,a 14-degree-of-freedom dual-arm robot transports multiple cups by grasping a tray in an environment with random disturbances.Experimental results demonstrate that the robot prevents the cups from sliding off by adaptively adjusting the tray's tilt angle.Simultaneously,bimanual reactive motion enables the robot to successfully avoid dynamic obstacles while maintaining task execution.
基金supported by the Action Plan for High Quality De-velopment of Graduate Education of Chongqing University of Tech-nology(Grant No.gzlcx20252050)Toyota Motor(China)Investment Co.,Ltd.,(Grant No.2022Q493)the Science and Technology Re-search Program of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission(Grant No.KJQN202403238).
摘要In small overlap collision,rear-seat occupants face elevated injury risks.This study conducts multi-objective opti-mization of the rear-seat occupant restraint system to reduce these injury risks and enhance overall vehicle safety performance.Based on real-world traffic accident data,a full-vehicle crash simulation model was established and validated with the actual injury data.Weighted injury criteria(WIC)and neck injury metrics(Nij)were selected as optimization objectives.The rear-seat restraint system was optimized using NSGA-Ⅱ and TOPSIS algorithms to determine the optimal parameter configurations.The optimized parameters were subsequently reintegrated into the simulation model for validation.The results demonstrate a significant reduction in occupant injuries,with WIC and Nij reduced by 30.3%and 20.7%,respectively.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2023YFB4301802)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52272422)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Department Program of Hubei Province of China(Grant No.2024CSA093)the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region(Project No.GRF PolyU 15214221).
摘要Maritime collision accidents occur frequently and result in severe consequences,constituting approximately 60%of maritime incidents.Human error accounts for 75%−96%of these collisions,emphasizing the necessity for intelligent decision-making systems.This study proposes a fuzzy inference system for multi-ship collision avoidance decisionmaking based on dynamic collision risk assessment incorporating multiple ship interactions.The proposed method enhances collision avoidance through two primary innovations:a finite state mechanism for dynamic multi-ship interaction analysis and game-theoretic collision-avoidance strategies that integrate real-time behavioural responses with Convention on the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea(COLREGs)compliance.The IFTHEN rule incorporates action strategies,ship behaviour,and navigation rules,with collision avoidance decisions derived through the fuzzy inference system.This framework uniquely addresses collision risk evaluation by integrating dynamic risk assessment and ship interaction strategies,enabling proactive adjustments that maintain safety margins while adhering to maritime regulations.Simulation experiments assess multi-ship collision-avoidance maneuvers under various interaction scenarios,demonstrating the model’s ability to execute timely adjustments and effectively mitigate collision risks among multiple target vessels,thereby ensuring minimal exposure during encounters.