The original intention of Model Predictive Control(MPC)was to bridge the gap between advanced control theories and the application of complex practical engineering systems.Since its emergence in the 1970s,it has been ...The original intention of Model Predictive Control(MPC)was to bridge the gap between advanced control theories and the application of complex practical engineering systems.Since its emergence in the 1970s,it has been one of the core technologies in the Advanced Process Control(APC)system.Owing to its receding horizon optimization mechanism and capability to handle constraints,MPC has consistently attracted attention from both academia and industry,and has been successfully applied in numerous industries such as petrochemicals,metallurgy,pharmaceuticals,electric power,water treatment,and power electronics.According to statistics from the International Federation of Automatic Control and industrial data,MPC has been deployed in some form in more than 50% of large-scale industrial control systems worldwide.展开更多
As a closed-loop learning control method,repetitive control has been widely used in a variety of areas from appliances to aviation.A repetitive control system features perfect reference tracking and disturbance reject...As a closed-loop learning control method,repetitive control has been widely used in a variety of areas from appliances to aviation.A repetitive control system features perfect reference tracking and disturbance rejection in the steady state for periodic signals with a fixed period.This characteristic is important not only for conventional technologies and conventional industries but also for advanced technologies and emerging industries.This paper first explains the concept of repetitive control from its original idea.Next,it describes the structure of a repetitive controller as an internal model and shows the respective points of continuous-and discrete-time repetitive control.It presents a categorized list of practical applications of repetitive control.Moreover,two concrete applications,namely the control of a robotic manipulator and a rotating system,demonstrate the validity of the method with experimental results.Several current studies in this field are also reviewed,and some challenges and future studies for repetitive control are provided.展开更多
Dear Editor,This letter proposes a distributed iterative learning model predictive control(LMPC)strategy for coordinated trajectory tracking of multiple unmanned surface vehicles(USVs).By learning from previously feas...Dear Editor,This letter proposes a distributed iterative learning model predictive control(LMPC)strategy for coordinated trajectory tracking of multiple unmanned surface vehicles(USVs).By learning from previously feasible control and state trajectories,each USV iteratively refines its input sequence to improve the accuracy of trajectory tracking and formation control.To tackle challenges such as system coupling,limited onboard computational resources,and communication constraints,the method integrates the alternating direction method of multipliers(ADMM)with iterative learning.The effectiveness and advantages of the proposed approach are demonstrated through comparison results.展开更多
Learning-based control is an important advancement in intelligent control theory,integrating data-driven learning,feedback optimization,and complex system control.In modern industrial applications,it is widely deploye...Learning-based control is an important advancement in intelligent control theory,integrating data-driven learning,feedback optimization,and complex system control.In modern industrial applications,it is widely deployed in robotic manipulation,autonomous driving,power electronics,and process industries.Given that real-world systems are frequently subject to unknown dynamics,strong nonlinearities,and external disturbances,traditional model-based approaches often fail to ensure high precision,robustness,and adaptive optimization,leading to performance degradation or even instability.Learning-based control has received significant attention,as it can overcome the challenges faced by modelbased control.This paper presents a review of learning-based control techniques.First,learning-based control problems are formulated for nonlinear dynamic systems.Second,this paper overviews three typical categories of learning-based control methods including model-informed learning-based control,model-free learning-based control,and integrated learning-based control,with particular attention to their theoretical foundations and algorithmic implementations.Third,the applications of each learning-based control method across different engineering domains are discussed.Finally,this paper concludes by outlining future research directions.展开更多
This paper solves the problem of model-free dual-arm space robot maneuvering after non-cooperative target capture under high control quality requirements.The explicit system model is unavailable,and the maneuvering mi...This paper solves the problem of model-free dual-arm space robot maneuvering after non-cooperative target capture under high control quality requirements.The explicit system model is unavailable,and the maneuvering mission is disturbed by the measurement noise and the target adversarial behavior.To address these problems,a model-free Combined Adaptive-length Datadriven Predictive Controller(CADPC)is proposed.It consists of a separated subsystem identification method and a combined predictive control strategy.The subsystem identification method is composed of an adaptive data length,thereby reducing sensitivity to undetermined measurement noises and disturbances.Based on the subsystem identification,the combined predictive controller is established,reducing calculating resource.The stability of the CADPC is rigorously proven using the Input-to-State Stable(ISS)theorem and the small-gain theorem.Simulations demonstrate that CADPC effectively handles the model-free space robot post operation in the presence of significant disturbances,state measurement noise,and control input errors.It achieves improved steady-state accuracy,reduced steady-state control consumption,and minimized control input chattering.展开更多
Dear Editor,The crafted generalized replay attacks(GRAs)can bypass traditional multiplicative watermarking(MW)-based active detection in networked control systems(NCSs),which will seriously destroy system stability or...Dear Editor,The crafted generalized replay attacks(GRAs)can bypass traditional multiplicative watermarking(MW)-based active detection in networked control systems(NCSs),which will seriously destroy system stability or even crash.To address this problem,this letter proposes a novel secure control method by using MW-based detection and data compensation.First,the limitation of traditional MW-based detection method is analysed,and a novel MW-based active detection scheme is proposed by adding an irreversible watermarking detection unit.Then,according to the detection result,an online data compensation scheme based on cubic spline interpolation algorithm is provided,and the maximum allowed attack rate of GRAs is given to maintain the exponential stability of NCSs.Finally,experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method.展开更多
The aircrafts have many structural components that withstand repeated impact loads,which may accumulate fatigue and potentially cause major accidents.To simulate repeated impact loads,it is imperative to design an imp...The aircrafts have many structural components that withstand repeated impact loads,which may accumulate fatigue and potentially cause major accidents.To simulate repeated impact loads,it is imperative to design an impact load cyclic fatigue simulator that applies repeated impact loads to structural components,such as landing gears.Furthermore,the impact load simulator must simulate various loads,and the identical set of parameters employed in conventional controllers are challenging to apply to varying operational conditions.Consequently,the controller must possess learning and adaptive capabilities.Based on the characteristics of repeated impact loads,an Adaptive Iterative Learning Control(AILC)based on the backstepping method is developed in this study.This AILC comprises backstepping control law,parameter adaptation law,iterative learning law,and robust dynamical control term.The adaptation law is not only utilized to estimate unknown system parameters,but also for online identification of system parameters.The iterative learning law can be utilized to learn the characteristics of the system under repeated operating conditions.The robust dynamical control term ensures the stability of the entire system.The experimental results indicate that the AILC can achieve tracking error convergence within a finite time and effectively achieve high-precision torque command tracking.展开更多
Dear Editor,This letter proposes a reinforcement learning-based predictive learning algorithm for unknown continuous-time nonlinear systems with observation loss.Firstly,we construct a temporal nonzero-sum game over p...Dear Editor,This letter proposes a reinforcement learning-based predictive learning algorithm for unknown continuous-time nonlinear systems with observation loss.Firstly,we construct a temporal nonzero-sum game over predictive control input sequences,deriving multiple optimal predictive control input sequences from its solution.展开更多
Over the past decades,rapid diagnostic tests(RDTs)have become the most widely deployed diagnostic tool,enabling timely treatment in resource-limited and remote settings[1].Their reliability,however,depends on rigorous...Over the past decades,rapid diagnostic tests(RDTs)have become the most widely deployed diagnostic tool,enabling timely treatment in resource-limited and remote settings[1].Their reliability,however,depends on rigorous quality assurance frameworks,with the World Health Organization(WHO)-endorsed quality control panels serving as the cornerstone for monitoring RDT performance and ensuring diagnostic fidelity across diverse epidemiological landscapes[2].Quality control panels are standardized,parasite-based reference materials used to evaluate antigen detection by RDTs under controlled conditions.They play an essential role in detecting lot-to-lot variations,guiding procurement decisions,and safeguarding programmatic confidence in RDTs[3].Despite this centrality,the practical and operational realities of quality control panel preparation in malaria-endemic regions remain underexplored.展开更多
This paper presents a model-free adaptive fuzzy control(MFAFC)scheme for discrete-time Takagi-Sugeno(T-S)fuzzy systems with local nonlinear models.First,the T-S fuzzy system is transformed into a linearized model usin...This paper presents a model-free adaptive fuzzy control(MFAFC)scheme for discrete-time Takagi-Sugeno(T-S)fuzzy systems with local nonlinear models.First,the T-S fuzzy system is transformed into a linearized model using a dynamic linearization technique.Then,a model-free adaptive control scheme is developed for T-S fuzzy systems.Next,a rigorous convergence analysis of the tracking error is carried out using the contraction mapping theory.Finally,to validate the theoretical results,the scheme is tested by two numerical simulations and a mass-spring damper mechanical system.The results show that the proposed MFAFC strategy is effective in ensuring that the system output tracks the desired trajectory.展开更多
The dynamic characteristics of the steering actuator,including response time-delay and calibration deviation,are crucial to a vehicle’s path tracking performance.This study proposes a novel vehicle path tracking cont...The dynamic characteristics of the steering actuator,including response time-delay and calibration deviation,are crucial to a vehicle’s path tracking performance.This study proposes a novel vehicle path tracking control strategy by combining nonlinear model predictive control(NMPC),time-delay model control,and calibration deviation compensation control.In the first stage,the path tracking NMPC strategy is designed without considering the steering actuator’s dynamic characteristics.In the second stage,by combining polynomial fitting with linear matrix inequality(LMI)techniques,a nonlinear time-delay model control algorithm is designed to address the response time-delay.In the third stage,based on the inverse model of the calibration deviation,a nonlinear compensation algorithm is designed for steering actuator’s calibration deviation.Finally,simulation and real vehicle experiment results are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed vehicle path tracking control strategy.展开更多
In order to enhance the omnidirectional stealth and maneuvering control capability of tailless flying wings,the fluidic flight attitude control scheme that combines Fluidic Thrust Vectoring(FTV)yaw control and longitu...In order to enhance the omnidirectional stealth and maneuvering control capability of tailless flying wings,the fluidic flight attitude control scheme that combines Fluidic Thrust Vectoring(FTV)yaw control and longitudinal and lateral Circulation Control(CC)is proposed to realize three-axis moment decoupling control.Constrained by the mass flow rate of 30 kgf(1 kgf=9.8 N)thrust turbojet engine bleed air,the equivalent rudder deflection control variables of mass flow combination and jet pressure ratio are proposed respectively by adopting the circulation actuator design of co-directional FTV nozzle and convergent nozzle+backstep.A control model is established to form a 10-channel jet actuation system scheme,and is integrated with the flight control system of a tailless flying wing with a wingspan of 4 m and a medium aspect ratio of 100 kg to realize three-axis attitude closed-loop control based on fluidic flight control.Through wind tunnel force measurement and powered virtual flight test at 35 m/s wind speed,the control characteristics and effectiveness of CC and the attitude control performance of fluidic flight control are quantitatively studied.The results show that the incremental range of pitch moment coefficient generated by the jet with a mass flow rate of 37 g/s of the jet elevator is-0.01812 to 0.01848,and the CC efficiency is greater than 30;the incremental range of roll moment coefficient generated by the jet with a mass flow rate of 34 g/s of the jet aileron is-0.01485 to 0.01358;the fluidic flight control scheme based on compressor bleed air is first used to realize the fluidic flight of tailless flying wing with three-axis attitude control decoupling,at a maximum pitch rate of 19.2(°)/s,a roll rate of 13.8(°)/s,and a yaw rate of 5.4(°)/s;the constructed 10-channel jet actuation system and gas supply pipeline have good robustness and anti-interference characteristics.展开更多
This paper is concerned with adaptive consensus tracking control of nonlinear multi-agent systems with actuator faults and unknown nonidentical control directions under double semi-Markovian switching topologies.Consi...This paper is concerned with adaptive consensus tracking control of nonlinear multi-agent systems with actuator faults and unknown nonidentical control directions under double semi-Markovian switching topologies.Considering the complex working environment and the stability differences in communication links between leaders and followers,a double semi-Markov process is first introduced to describe the random switching of communication topologies in the leader-follower structure.In order to address challenges from the unknown nonidentical control directions and partial loss of effectiveness actuator faults,a completely independent parameter is introduced into the Nussbaum function to overcome the inherent obstacle of mutual cancellation and avoid the rapid growth rate.Considering only the state information of agents is transmitted among the agents,an adaptive distributed fault-tolerant consensus tracking control is proposed based on the double semi-Markovian switching topologies using the designed Nussbaum function.Furthermore,the stability of the closed-loop nonlinear multi-agent systems is analyzed using contradiction argument and Lyapunov theorem,from which the asymptotic consensus tracking in mean square sense can be obtained.A numerical simulation example is provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.展开更多
This study establishes a high-speed nano-positioning stage composed of a symmetrically driven structure with multiple parallel-bonded thin piezoelectric ceramic layers capable of performing micro-or nanoscale manipula...This study establishes a high-speed nano-positioning stage composed of a symmetrically driven structure with multiple parallel-bonded thin piezoelectric ceramic layers capable of performing micro-or nanoscale manipulations.Accordingly,a neural-network-based switching output regulation controller(NNSORC)was developed to compensate for the associated hysteresis nonlinearity.To address the challenges of slow floating-point computation speeds and low compilation efficiency,a closed-loop control system with a field-programmable gate array–central processing unit(FPGA–CPU)dual-layer data-processing framework was developed.A feedback linearization method was designed to linearize the hysteresis nonlinearity of the framework,resulting in a switching-tracking error system.With the assistance of Lyapunov theory and an average dwell time technique,sufficient conditions were derived to ensure the asymptotic stability of the NN-SORC governing closed-loop system using the switching reference signals often encountered in realistic micro-ano-scale detection and manufacturing processes.Finally,extensive comparative experiments were conducted to verify the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed NN-SORC scheme.展开更多
Steady speed control of agricultural machinery can improve operating quality and efficiency.To address the impact of farmland slope variations on the speed stability of unmanned operation agricultural machinery,a hybr...Steady speed control of agricultural machinery can improve operating quality and efficiency.To address the impact of farmland slope variations on the speed stability of unmanned operation agricultural machinery,a hybrid control method was proposed.This method included a hybrid controller composed of a slope-based controller and a proportional-integral-derivative(PID)controller.The speed of agricultural machinery was influenced by longitudinal forces,which were divided into two parts:one part was slope-related forces and conventional resistance,and the other was hard-to-estimate forces,such as sliding friction.For the first part,a slope-based controller was designed;for the second part,a PID controller was implemented.By combining these two controllers,the system can dynamically adjust the throttle opening and the brake master cylinder pressure,ensuring steady speed travel on sloping farmland.Simulation tests at a target speed of 7 km/h demonstrated that the proposed controller maintained a stable speed,achieving a root mean square error of 0.13 km/h and a mean absolute percentage error of 1.6%.Field tests on a practical experimental platform validated the method’s effectiveness,with results showing consistent control performance across varying slope conditions.The proposed controller demonstrated superior control performance.Experimental data verified that this method can achieve precise control of the agricultural machinery’s movement speed,meeting the stability requirements for agricultural operations.展开更多
Dear Editor,This letter concerns the design of sliding mode control(SMC)for semi-Markov switching systems with time-varying transmission and impulse delay.The difficulties of this problem are:1)Time-varying transmissi...Dear Editor,This letter concerns the design of sliding mode control(SMC)for semi-Markov switching systems with time-varying transmission and impulse delay.The difficulties of this problem are:1)Time-varying transmission and impulse delay bring more nonlinear dynamic characteristics and lag effects;2)Semi-Markov mode switching introduces uncertainty;3)The reachable stage and sliding stage are affected by two types of impulses in the system,which increases the complexity of theoretical derivation.展开更多
The increasing interconnection of modern industrial control systems(ICSs)with the Internet has enhanced operational efficiency,but alsomade these systemsmore vulnerable to cyberattacks.This heightened exposure has dri...The increasing interconnection of modern industrial control systems(ICSs)with the Internet has enhanced operational efficiency,but alsomade these systemsmore vulnerable to cyberattacks.This heightened exposure has driven a growing need for robust ICS security measures.Among the key defences,intrusion detection technology is critical in identifying threats to ICS networks.This paper provides an overview of the distinctive characteristics of ICS network security,highlighting standard attack methods.It then examines various intrusion detection methods,including those based on misuse detection,anomaly detection,machine learning,and specialised requirements.This paper concludes by exploring future directions for developing intrusion detection systems to advance research and ensure the continued security and reliability of ICS operations.展开更多
Fluidic Thrust Vectoring(FTV)is used for the yaw attitude control of tailless flying wing,which can significantly improve stealth performance,maneuverability and lateral/heading maneuverability.The FTV control scheme ...Fluidic Thrust Vectoring(FTV)is used for the yaw attitude control of tailless flying wing,which can significantly improve stealth performance,maneuverability and lateral/heading maneuverability.The FTV control scheme of co-directional secondary flow was designed based on a 30 kgf thrust turbojet engine,an equivalent rudder deflection control variable of Mass Flow Combination(MFC)was proposed,and a control model was established to form a FTV control system scheme,which was integrated with the flight control system of a 100 kg tailless flying wing with medium aspect ratio to achieve closed-loop control of the yaw attitude based on FTV.The heading stability augmentation and maneuvering control characteristics and time response characteristics of tailless flying wing by FTV were quantitatively studied through virtual flight test in a wind tunnel at a wind speed of 35 m/s.The results show that the control strategy based on MFC achieves bidirectional continuous and stable control of thrust vector angle in a range of±11°,and the thrust vector angle varies monotonically with MFC;the co-directional FTV realizes bidirectional continuous and stable control of the yaw attitude of tailless flying wing,without longitudinal/lateral coupling moment.The increment of the maximum yawing moment coefficient is 0.0029,the maximum yaw rate is 7.55(°)/s,and the response time of the yaw rate of the vectoring nozzle actuated by the secondary flow is about 0.06 s,which satisfies the heading stability augmentation and maneuvering control response requirements of the aircraft with statically unstable heading,and provides new control means for the heading rudderless attitude control of tailless flying wing.展开更多
Mode shift is a special mechanism for a power-split hybrid electric vehicle(HEV)to realise electrically variable transmission,but the sudden change of equivalent inertia caused by topological configuration recombinati...Mode shift is a special mechanism for a power-split hybrid electric vehicle(HEV)to realise electrically variable transmission,but the sudden change of equivalent inertia caused by topological configuration recombination during mode shift induces a significant torque shock.Therefore,a smooth transient process,among other concerns,typically associated with this category of vehicles,is of great importance.The present research aims to introduce a novel control strategy to manage the dynamic torque of multiple power sources and therefore im-prove ride comfort.To this end,a dynamic model of the objective power-split HEV is first built.To resolve the contention between vehicle jerk and clutch friction loss,a model predictive control(MPC)combined with control allocation(CA)is then designed for the clutch-engaged phase.To reduce the torque fluctuation caused by the inertia torques of multiple power sources,a dynamic compensation control strategy(DCcs)that coordinates motorgenerator torque to compensate for the transition torque is proposed for the brake-disengaged phase.Finally,the proposed control strategy is validated by simulation and bench test,and results show great potential in reducing shift duration,torque variation,vehicle jerk and friction loss(the simulation results show decreases of 22%,39%,83%and 53%,and the experimental results show decreases of 21%,74%,77%,and 59%,re-spectively),thereby improving shift quality.展开更多
Existing control systems for coiling temperature struggle with significant time lags and multi-objective synchronous control during cooling,limiting their temperature control accuracy.To overcome these drawbacks,an on...Existing control systems for coiling temperature struggle with significant time lags and multi-objective synchronous control during cooling,limiting their temperature control accuracy.To overcome these drawbacks,an online cooling system featuring multi-objective collaborative control is proposed.The proposed system achieves the synchronous control of the ultra-fast cooling temperature,middle temperature,and coiling temperature.First,the run-out table cooling zone is divided into multiple logical control zones,and traditional mechanism models are improved by introducing multiple heat flux adaptive coefficients.Then,a dynamic feedforward control method is developed to correct potential deviations in the calculation process.Finally,to enhance the proposed control system’s accuracy and self-learning capability,a multi-objective real-time adaptation strategy is introduced for dynamic heat flux adaptive coefficients adjustment.Analysis and application results show that the proposed multi-objective collaborative control system significantly improves the temperature control accuracy while ensuring the consistency of mechanical properties.Comparison results indicate that,under the proposed control system,the coiling temperature control accuracy within ±20℃ for segments located at 50 m from the strip head is improved by 26%,compared with the original control system.In addition,using the proposed system,the standard deviation of the yield strength is decreased by 38%,compared with the original control system.展开更多
摘要The original intention of Model Predictive Control(MPC)was to bridge the gap between advanced control theories and the application of complex practical engineering systems.Since its emergence in the 1970s,it has been one of the core technologies in the Advanced Process Control(APC)system.Owing to its receding horizon optimization mechanism and capability to handle constraints,MPC has consistently attracted attention from both academia and industry,and has been successfully applied in numerous industries such as petrochemicals,metallurgy,pharmaceuticals,electric power,water treatment,and power electronics.According to statistics from the International Federation of Automatic Control and industrial data,MPC has been deployed in some form in more than 50% of large-scale industrial control systems worldwide.
基金supported in part by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research(B)(23K25252,24K03325)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61873348)the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province,China(2020CFA031)。
摘要As a closed-loop learning control method,repetitive control has been widely used in a variety of areas from appliances to aviation.A repetitive control system features perfect reference tracking and disturbance rejection in the steady state for periodic signals with a fixed period.This characteristic is important not only for conventional technologies and conventional industries but also for advanced technologies and emerging industries.This paper first explains the concept of repetitive control from its original idea.Next,it describes the structure of a repetitive controller as an internal model and shows the respective points of continuous-and discrete-time repetitive control.It presents a categorized list of practical applications of repetitive control.Moreover,two concrete applications,namely the control of a robotic manipulator and a rotating system,demonstrate the validity of the method with experimental results.Several current studies in this field are also reviewed,and some challenges and future studies for repetitive control are provided.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U24B20183,U22B2039,62273281)。
摘要Dear Editor,This letter proposes a distributed iterative learning model predictive control(LMPC)strategy for coordinated trajectory tracking of multiple unmanned surface vehicles(USVs).By learning from previously feasible control and state trajectories,each USV iteratively refines its input sequence to improve the accuracy of trajectory tracking and formation control.To tackle challenges such as system coupling,limited onboard computational resources,and communication constraints,the method integrates the alternating direction method of multipliers(ADMM)with iterative learning.The effectiveness and advantages of the proposed approach are demonstrated through comparison results.
基金supported in part by the National Key R&D Program of China under Grant No.2024YFA1012700,the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)under Grant Nos.62373090 and 62521001the Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program under Grant No.XLYC2403177。
摘要Learning-based control is an important advancement in intelligent control theory,integrating data-driven learning,feedback optimization,and complex system control.In modern industrial applications,it is widely deployed in robotic manipulation,autonomous driving,power electronics,and process industries.Given that real-world systems are frequently subject to unknown dynamics,strong nonlinearities,and external disturbances,traditional model-based approaches often fail to ensure high precision,robustness,and adaptive optimization,leading to performance degradation or even instability.Learning-based control has received significant attention,as it can overcome the challenges faced by modelbased control.This paper presents a review of learning-based control techniques.First,learning-based control problems are formulated for nonlinear dynamic systems.Second,this paper overviews three typical categories of learning-based control methods including model-informed learning-based control,model-free learning-based control,and integrated learning-based control,with particular attention to their theoretical foundations and algorithmic implementations.Third,the applications of each learning-based control method across different engineering domains are discussed.Finally,this paper concludes by outlining future research directions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12372045)the National Key Research and the Development Program of China(Nos.2023YFC2205900,2023YFC2205901)。
摘要This paper solves the problem of model-free dual-arm space robot maneuvering after non-cooperative target capture under high control quality requirements.The explicit system model is unavailable,and the maneuvering mission is disturbed by the measurement noise and the target adversarial behavior.To address these problems,a model-free Combined Adaptive-length Datadriven Predictive Controller(CADPC)is proposed.It consists of a separated subsystem identification method and a combined predictive control strategy.The subsystem identification method is composed of an adaptive data length,thereby reducing sensitivity to undetermined measurement noises and disturbances.Based on the subsystem identification,the combined predictive controller is established,reducing calculating resource.The stability of the CADPC is rigorously proven using the Input-to-State Stable(ISS)theorem and the small-gain theorem.Simulations demonstrate that CADPC effectively handles the model-free space robot post operation in the presence of significant disturbances,state measurement noise,and control input errors.It achieves improved steady-state accuracy,reduced steady-state control consumption,and minimized control input chattering.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62373240,62273224,U24A20259)Fundamental Research Project of Shanghai Science and Technology Commission(25TS1414700)。
摘要Dear Editor,The crafted generalized replay attacks(GRAs)can bypass traditional multiplicative watermarking(MW)-based active detection in networked control systems(NCSs),which will seriously destroy system stability or even crash.To address this problem,this letter proposes a novel secure control method by using MW-based detection and data compensation.First,the limitation of traditional MW-based detection method is analysed,and a novel MW-based active detection scheme is proposed by adding an irreversible watermarking detection unit.Then,according to the detection result,an online data compensation scheme based on cubic spline interpolation algorithm is provided,and the maximum allowed attack rate of GRAs is given to maintain the exponential stability of NCSs.Finally,experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52275045)。
摘要The aircrafts have many structural components that withstand repeated impact loads,which may accumulate fatigue and potentially cause major accidents.To simulate repeated impact loads,it is imperative to design an impact load cyclic fatigue simulator that applies repeated impact loads to structural components,such as landing gears.Furthermore,the impact load simulator must simulate various loads,and the identical set of parameters employed in conventional controllers are challenging to apply to varying operational conditions.Consequently,the controller must possess learning and adaptive capabilities.Based on the characteristics of repeated impact loads,an Adaptive Iterative Learning Control(AILC)based on the backstepping method is developed in this study.This AILC comprises backstepping control law,parameter adaptation law,iterative learning law,and robust dynamical control term.The adaptation law is not only utilized to estimate unknown system parameters,but also for online identification of system parameters.The iterative learning law can be utilized to learn the characteristics of the system under repeated operating conditions.The robust dynamical control term ensures the stability of the entire system.The experimental results indicate that the AILC can achieve tracking error convergence within a finite time and effectively achieve high-precision torque command tracking.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62433014,62373287,62573324,62333005,62273255)in part by the International Exchange Program for Graduate Students of Tongji University(4360143306)+3 种基金in part by the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities(22120230311)supported by DeutscheForschungsgemeinschaft(DFG,German Research Foundation)under Germany’s Excellence Strategy(EXC 2075390740016,468094890)support by the Stuttgart Center for Simulation Science(SimTech)the International Max Planck Research School for Intelligent Systems(IMPRS-IS)for supporting Y.Xie。
摘要Dear Editor,This letter proposes a reinforcement learning-based predictive learning algorithm for unknown continuous-time nonlinear systems with observation loss.Firstly,we construct a temporal nonzero-sum game over predictive control input sequences,deriving multiple optimal predictive control input sequences from its solution.
摘要Over the past decades,rapid diagnostic tests(RDTs)have become the most widely deployed diagnostic tool,enabling timely treatment in resource-limited and remote settings[1].Their reliability,however,depends on rigorous quality assurance frameworks,with the World Health Organization(WHO)-endorsed quality control panels serving as the cornerstone for monitoring RDT performance and ensuring diagnostic fidelity across diverse epidemiological landscapes[2].Quality control panels are standardized,parasite-based reference materials used to evaluate antigen detection by RDTs under controlled conditions.They play an essential role in detecting lot-to-lot variations,guiding procurement decisions,and safeguarding programmatic confidence in RDTs[3].Despite this centrality,the practical and operational realities of quality control panel preparation in malaria-endemic regions remain underexplored.
基金supported in part by the Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation(4262063)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62363002)。
摘要This paper presents a model-free adaptive fuzzy control(MFAFC)scheme for discrete-time Takagi-Sugeno(T-S)fuzzy systems with local nonlinear models.First,the T-S fuzzy system is transformed into a linearized model using a dynamic linearization technique.Then,a model-free adaptive control scheme is developed for T-S fuzzy systems.Next,a rigorous convergence analysis of the tracking error is carried out using the contraction mapping theory.Finally,to validate the theoretical results,the scheme is tested by two numerical simulations and a mass-spring damper mechanical system.The results show that the proposed MFAFC strategy is effective in ensuring that the system output tracks the desired trajectory.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52172390)in part by the National Key Research and Development Project of China(No.2022YFB4300400).
摘要The dynamic characteristics of the steering actuator,including response time-delay and calibration deviation,are crucial to a vehicle’s path tracking performance.This study proposes a novel vehicle path tracking control strategy by combining nonlinear model predictive control(NMPC),time-delay model control,and calibration deviation compensation control.In the first stage,the path tracking NMPC strategy is designed without considering the steering actuator’s dynamic characteristics.In the second stage,by combining polynomial fitting with linear matrix inequality(LMI)techniques,a nonlinear time-delay model control algorithm is designed to address the response time-delay.In the third stage,based on the inverse model of the calibration deviation,a nonlinear compensation algorithm is designed for steering actuator’s calibration deviation.Finally,simulation and real vehicle experiment results are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed vehicle path tracking control strategy.
摘要In order to enhance the omnidirectional stealth and maneuvering control capability of tailless flying wings,the fluidic flight attitude control scheme that combines Fluidic Thrust Vectoring(FTV)yaw control and longitudinal and lateral Circulation Control(CC)is proposed to realize three-axis moment decoupling control.Constrained by the mass flow rate of 30 kgf(1 kgf=9.8 N)thrust turbojet engine bleed air,the equivalent rudder deflection control variables of mass flow combination and jet pressure ratio are proposed respectively by adopting the circulation actuator design of co-directional FTV nozzle and convergent nozzle+backstep.A control model is established to form a 10-channel jet actuation system scheme,and is integrated with the flight control system of a tailless flying wing with a wingspan of 4 m and a medium aspect ratio of 100 kg to realize three-axis attitude closed-loop control based on fluidic flight control.Through wind tunnel force measurement and powered virtual flight test at 35 m/s wind speed,the control characteristics and effectiveness of CC and the attitude control performance of fluidic flight control are quantitatively studied.The results show that the incremental range of pitch moment coefficient generated by the jet with a mass flow rate of 37 g/s of the jet elevator is-0.01812 to 0.01848,and the CC efficiency is greater than 30;the incremental range of roll moment coefficient generated by the jet with a mass flow rate of 34 g/s of the jet aileron is-0.01485 to 0.01358;the fluidic flight control scheme based on compressor bleed air is first used to realize the fluidic flight of tailless flying wing with three-axis attitude control decoupling,at a maximum pitch rate of 19.2(°)/s,a roll rate of 13.8(°)/s,and a yaw rate of 5.4(°)/s;the constructed 10-channel jet actuation system and gas supply pipeline have good robustness and anti-interference characteristics.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62333011,62020106003)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China(BK20222012)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(NE2024005)the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(KYCX24_0594)。
摘要This paper is concerned with adaptive consensus tracking control of nonlinear multi-agent systems with actuator faults and unknown nonidentical control directions under double semi-Markovian switching topologies.Considering the complex working environment and the stability differences in communication links between leaders and followers,a double semi-Markov process is first introduced to describe the random switching of communication topologies in the leader-follower structure.In order to address challenges from the unknown nonidentical control directions and partial loss of effectiveness actuator faults,a completely independent parameter is introduced into the Nussbaum function to overcome the inherent obstacle of mutual cancellation and avoid the rapid growth rate.Considering only the state information of agents is transmitted among the agents,an adaptive distributed fault-tolerant consensus tracking control is proposed based on the double semi-Markovian switching topologies using the designed Nussbaum function.Furthermore,the stability of the closed-loop nonlinear multi-agent systems is analyzed using contradiction argument and Lyapunov theorem,from which the asymptotic consensus tracking in mean square sense can be obtained.A numerical simulation example is provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
基金supported in part by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022ZD0119601)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52188102,62225306,and U2141235)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Research Foundation(2022B1515120069)。
摘要This study establishes a high-speed nano-positioning stage composed of a symmetrically driven structure with multiple parallel-bonded thin piezoelectric ceramic layers capable of performing micro-or nanoscale manipulations.Accordingly,a neural-network-based switching output regulation controller(NNSORC)was developed to compensate for the associated hysteresis nonlinearity.To address the challenges of slow floating-point computation speeds and low compilation efficiency,a closed-loop control system with a field-programmable gate array–central processing unit(FPGA–CPU)dual-layer data-processing framework was developed.A feedback linearization method was designed to linearize the hysteresis nonlinearity of the framework,resulting in a switching-tracking error system.With the assistance of Lyapunov theory and an average dwell time technique,sufficient conditions were derived to ensure the asymptotic stability of the NN-SORC governing closed-loop system using the switching reference signals often encountered in realistic micro-ano-scale detection and manufacturing processes.Finally,extensive comparative experiments were conducted to verify the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed NN-SORC scheme.
摘要Steady speed control of agricultural machinery can improve operating quality and efficiency.To address the impact of farmland slope variations on the speed stability of unmanned operation agricultural machinery,a hybrid control method was proposed.This method included a hybrid controller composed of a slope-based controller and a proportional-integral-derivative(PID)controller.The speed of agricultural machinery was influenced by longitudinal forces,which were divided into two parts:one part was slope-related forces and conventional resistance,and the other was hard-to-estimate forces,such as sliding friction.For the first part,a slope-based controller was designed;for the second part,a PID controller was implemented.By combining these two controllers,the system can dynamically adjust the throttle opening and the brake master cylinder pressure,ensuring steady speed travel on sloping farmland.Simulation tests at a target speed of 7 km/h demonstrated that the proposed controller maintained a stable speed,achieving a root mean square error of 0.13 km/h and a mean absolute percentage error of 1.6%.Field tests on a practical experimental platform validated the method’s effectiveness,with results showing consistent control performance across varying slope conditions.The proposed controller demonstrated superior control performance.Experimental data verified that this method can achieve precise control of the agricultural machinery’s movement speed,meeting the stability requirements for agricultural operations.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62236005,61936004)。
摘要Dear Editor,This letter concerns the design of sliding mode control(SMC)for semi-Markov switching systems with time-varying transmission and impulse delay.The difficulties of this problem are:1)Time-varying transmission and impulse delay bring more nonlinear dynamic characteristics and lag effects;2)Semi-Markov mode switching introduces uncertainty;3)The reachable stage and sliding stage are affected by two types of impulses in the system,which increases the complexity of theoretical derivation.
摘要The increasing interconnection of modern industrial control systems(ICSs)with the Internet has enhanced operational efficiency,but alsomade these systemsmore vulnerable to cyberattacks.This heightened exposure has driven a growing need for robust ICS security measures.Among the key defences,intrusion detection technology is critical in identifying threats to ICS networks.This paper provides an overview of the distinctive characteristics of ICS network security,highlighting standard attack methods.It then examines various intrusion detection methods,including those based on misuse detection,anomaly detection,machine learning,and specialised requirements.This paper concludes by exploring future directions for developing intrusion detection systems to advance research and ensure the continued security and reliability of ICS operations.
摘要Fluidic Thrust Vectoring(FTV)is used for the yaw attitude control of tailless flying wing,which can significantly improve stealth performance,maneuverability and lateral/heading maneuverability.The FTV control scheme of co-directional secondary flow was designed based on a 30 kgf thrust turbojet engine,an equivalent rudder deflection control variable of Mass Flow Combination(MFC)was proposed,and a control model was established to form a FTV control system scheme,which was integrated with the flight control system of a 100 kg tailless flying wing with medium aspect ratio to achieve closed-loop control of the yaw attitude based on FTV.The heading stability augmentation and maneuvering control characteristics and time response characteristics of tailless flying wing by FTV were quantitatively studied through virtual flight test in a wind tunnel at a wind speed of 35 m/s.The results show that the control strategy based on MFC achieves bidirectional continuous and stable control of thrust vector angle in a range of±11°,and the thrust vector angle varies monotonically with MFC;the co-directional FTV realizes bidirectional continuous and stable control of the yaw attitude of tailless flying wing,without longitudinal/lateral coupling moment.The increment of the maximum yawing moment coefficient is 0.0029,the maximum yaw rate is 7.55(°)/s,and the response time of the yaw rate of the vectoring nozzle actuated by the secondary flow is about 0.06 s,which satisfies the heading stability augmentation and maneuvering control response requirements of the aircraft with statically unstable heading,and provides new control means for the heading rudderless attitude control of tailless flying wing.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52005039,51575043,51975048,U1764257).
摘要Mode shift is a special mechanism for a power-split hybrid electric vehicle(HEV)to realise electrically variable transmission,but the sudden change of equivalent inertia caused by topological configuration recombination during mode shift induces a significant torque shock.Therefore,a smooth transient process,among other concerns,typically associated with this category of vehicles,is of great importance.The present research aims to introduce a novel control strategy to manage the dynamic torque of multiple power sources and therefore im-prove ride comfort.To this end,a dynamic model of the objective power-split HEV is first built.To resolve the contention between vehicle jerk and clutch friction loss,a model predictive control(MPC)combined with control allocation(CA)is then designed for the clutch-engaged phase.To reduce the torque fluctuation caused by the inertia torques of multiple power sources,a dynamic compensation control strategy(DCcs)that coordinates motorgenerator torque to compensate for the transition torque is proposed for the brake-disengaged phase.Finally,the proposed control strategy is validated by simulation and bench test,and results show great potential in reducing shift duration,torque variation,vehicle jerk and friction loss(the simulation results show decreases of 22%,39%,83%and 53%,and the experimental results show decreases of 21%,74%,77%,and 59%,re-spectively),thereby improving shift quality.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB3304800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52074085 and U21A20117).
摘要Existing control systems for coiling temperature struggle with significant time lags and multi-objective synchronous control during cooling,limiting their temperature control accuracy.To overcome these drawbacks,an online cooling system featuring multi-objective collaborative control is proposed.The proposed system achieves the synchronous control of the ultra-fast cooling temperature,middle temperature,and coiling temperature.First,the run-out table cooling zone is divided into multiple logical control zones,and traditional mechanism models are improved by introducing multiple heat flux adaptive coefficients.Then,a dynamic feedforward control method is developed to correct potential deviations in the calculation process.Finally,to enhance the proposed control system’s accuracy and self-learning capability,a multi-objective real-time adaptation strategy is introduced for dynamic heat flux adaptive coefficients adjustment.Analysis and application results show that the proposed multi-objective collaborative control system significantly improves the temperature control accuracy while ensuring the consistency of mechanical properties.Comparison results indicate that,under the proposed control system,the coiling temperature control accuracy within ±20℃ for segments located at 50 m from the strip head is improved by 26%,compared with the original control system.In addition,using the proposed system,the standard deviation of the yield strength is decreased by 38%,compared with the original control system.