l-Methyl-3-ethyl imidazolium bromide[meim]Br/basic alumina(Al2O3) has been found to promote the cyclocondensation of chloroacetone/chloroethyl acetate with salicylaldehydes under conventional as well as microwave ir...l-Methyl-3-ethyl imidazolium bromide[meim]Br/basic alumina(Al2O3) has been found to promote the cyclocondensation of chloroacetone/chloroethyl acetate with salicylaldehydes under conventional as well as microwave irradiation to yield benzofuran derivatives.展开更多
BACKGROUND Non variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding(NVUGIB)is a life-threatening condition requiring prompt and effective hemostasis.Various endoscopic inter-ventions,including novel hemostatic powders(HP),over-th...BACKGROUND Non variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding(NVUGIB)is a life-threatening condition requiring prompt and effective hemostasis.Various endoscopic inter-ventions,including novel hemostatic powders(HP),over-the-scope clips(OTSC),and traditional approaches,have been employed to manage upper gastroin-testinal bleeding(UGIB).Despite advancements,comparative efficacy and safety of these modalities remain uncertain.AIM To evaluate the efficacy and safety of novel hemostatic interventions compared to conventional endoscopic techniques for managing UGIB.METHODS Cochrane,MEDLINE,PubMed and Scopus libraries were searched for rando-mized controlled trials(RCTs)published up to October 2024.Only RCTs compa-ring novel interventions,such as HP or OTSC,with conventional endoscopic treatments computed tomography(CT)were included.The primary outcome was the 30-day rebleeding rate.Secondary outcomes included initial hemostasis,short-term rebleeding rates,need for salvage therapy(surgical/angiographic),30-day all-cause mortality,and bleeding-related mortality.We performed pairwise and network meta-analyses for all treatments.RESULTS Seventeen studies were included in this analysis.Regarding the 30-day rebleeding rate,OTSC and HP showed superior efficacy compared with CT[OTSC vs CT:Relative risk(RR):0.47,95%confidence interval(CI):0.33-0.65;HP vs CT:RR:0.73,95%CI:0.45-1.13],while OTSC and HP had comparable efficacy(RR:0.56,95%CI:0.30-1.05).OTSC ranked the highest in the network ranking estimate for this outcome.For the secondary outcomes,OTSC demonstrated superior efficacy for the short-term rebleeding rate(OTSC vs CT:RR:0.35,95%CI:0.14-0.74;HP vs CT:RR:0.62,95%CI:0.28-1.35;OTSC vs HP:RR:0.59,95%CI:0.17-1.67).Regarding the initial hemostasis rate,OTSC was slightly more effective than CT(OTSC vs CT:RR:1.20,95%CI:1.06-1.57)and comparable to HP(OTSC vs HP:RR:1.08,95%CI:0.89-1.40).There were no significant differences among treatments for all-cause mortality,bleeding-related mortality,or the necessity of surgical or angiographic salvage therapy.OTSC consistently ranked highest across most outcomes in the network ranking estimate.展开更多
An improved shooting method was presented for solving the natural convention boundary layer equations, with a coupling of the velocity field to the temperature field. The numerical results are consistent with the appr...An improved shooting method was presented for solving the natural convention boundary layer equations, with a coupling of the velocity field to the temperature field. The numerical results are consistent with the approximate solution obtained by former researchers.展开更多
Non-conventional peptides(NCPs),which are peptides derived from previously unannotated coding sequences,play important biological roles in plants.In this study,we used peptidogenomic methods that integrated mass spect...Non-conventional peptides(NCPs),which are peptides derived from previously unannotated coding sequences,play important biological roles in plants.In this study,we used peptidogenomic methods that integrated mass spectrometry(MS)peptidomics and a six-frame translation database to extensively identify NCPs in grape.In total,188 and 2021 non-redundant peptides from the Arabidopsis thaliana and Vitis vinifera L.protein database at Ensembl/URGI and an individualized peptidogenomic database were identified.Unlike conventional peptides,these NCPs derived mainly from intergenic,intronic,upstream ORF,5'UTR,3'UTR,and downstream ORF regions.These results show that unannotated regions are translated more broadly than we thought.We also found that most NCPs were derived from regions related to phenotypic variations,LTR retrotransposons,and domestication selection,indicating that the NCPs have an important function in complex biological processes.We also found that the NCPs were developmentally specific and had transient and specific functions in grape berry development.In summary,our study is the first to extensively identify NCPs in grape.It demonstrated that there was a large amount of translation in the genome.These results lay a foundation for studying the functions of NCPs and also provide a reference for the discovery of new functional genes in grape.展开更多
Fixed-point fast sweeping WENO methods are a class of efficient high-order numerical methods to solve steady-state solutions of hyperbolic partial differential equations(PDEs).The Gauss-Seidel iterations and alternati...Fixed-point fast sweeping WENO methods are a class of efficient high-order numerical methods to solve steady-state solutions of hyperbolic partial differential equations(PDEs).The Gauss-Seidel iterations and alternating sweeping strategy are used to cover characteristics of hyperbolic PDEs in each sweeping order to achieve fast convergence rate to steady-state solutions.A nice property of fixed-point fast sweeping WENO methods which distinguishes them from other fast sweeping methods is that they are explicit and do not require inverse operation of nonlinear local systems.Hence,they are easy to be applied to a general hyperbolic system.To deal with the difficulties associated with numerical boundary treatment when high-order finite difference methods on a Cartesian mesh are used to solve hyperbolic PDEs on complex domains,inverse Lax-Wendroff(ILW)procedures were developed as a very effective approach in the literature.In this paper,we combine a fifthorder fixed-point fast sweeping WENO method with an ILW procedure to solve steadystate solution of hyperbolic conservation laws on complex computing regions.Numerical experiments are performed to test the method in solving various problems including the cases with the physical boundary not aligned with the grids.Numerical results show highorder accuracy and good performance of the method.Furthermore,the method is compared with the popular third-order total variation diminishing Runge-Kutta(TVD-RK3)time-marching method for steady-state computations.Numerical examples show that for most of examples,the fixed-point fast sweeping method saves more than half CPU time costs than TVD-RK3 to converge to steady-state solutions.展开更多
In this paper, we provide an aggregate function homotopy interior point method to solve a class of Brouwer fixed-point problems. Compared with the homotopy method (proposed by Yu and Lin, Appl. Math. Comput., 74(199...In this paper, we provide an aggregate function homotopy interior point method to solve a class of Brouwer fixed-point problems. Compared with the homotopy method (proposed by Yu and Lin, Appl. Math. Comput., 74(1996), 65), the main adavantages of this method are as foUows: on the one hand, it can solve the Brouwer fixed-point problems in a broader class of nonconvex subsets Ω in R^n (in this paper, we let Ω={x∈ R^n : gi(x) ≤0, i= 1,... , m}); on the other hand, it can also deal with the subsets Ω with larger amount of constraints more effectively.展开更多
In this paper, we modify the homotopy method (proposed by Yu and Lin, Appl. Math. Comput., 74(1996), 65) and hence make the modified method be able to solve Brouwer fixed-point problems in a broader class of nonco...In this paper, we modify the homotopy method (proposed by Yu and Lin, Appl. Math. Comput., 74(1996), 65) and hence make the modified method be able to solve Brouwer fixed-point problems in a broader class of nonconvex subsets in Rn. In addition, a simple example is given to show the effectiveness of the modified method.展开更多
The conventional pseudo-dynamic(CPD)and modified pseudo-dynamic(MPD)methods are invoked to obtain the seismic bearing capacity of strip foundations using the limit equilibrium method,with a two-wedge failure mechanism...The conventional pseudo-dynamic(CPD)and modified pseudo-dynamic(MPD)methods are invoked to obtain the seismic bearing capacity of strip foundations using the limit equilibrium method,with a two-wedge failure mechanism.A spectral version of the conventional pseudo-dynamic method(SPD)is also invoked by considering the ground motion amplification factor,to be a function of the non-dimensional frequencyλ/B and soil damping.Numeric analyses show that bearing capacity results obtained by the MPD and SPD methods are generally consistent.Both experience the same general reduction in bearing capacity with the increase ofλ/B,with successive ups and downs corresponding to soil′s natural frequencies.For 5<λ/B<10,SPD and MPD results fluctuated between falling above and below CPD results.Forλ/B<2.5,SPD and MPD results were consistent with attenuation of the shear wave,while for 10<λ/B,amplification was exhibited.Results obtained by the CPD method monotonically decrease,due to the fact that CPD fails to inherently consider site effects and damping,and instead and relies on a single factor to consider the ground motion amplification.展开更多
Fire effects can be one of the most harmful conditions that any building may experience throughout its service life. Developing practical protection methods and concepts against potential fire disasters in buildings h...Fire effects can be one of the most harmful conditions that any building may experience throughout its service life. Developing practical protection methods and concepts against potential fire disasters in buildings has been an important consideration in design of buildings in recent decades. Rapid developments in technology have heightened the demand for new and innovative fire protection systems in comparison with conventional and traditional methods. Such a need for new technologies is in particular of greater importance when it comes to existing buildings. Retrofitting an existing building for fire safety is a greater challenge compared with designing a new building using materials and components that have more desirable and superior fire rating to begin with. Furthermore, strategies to design a new building that includes state-of-the-art fire safety features are also different from solutions that may be more suitable for retrofitting an existing building. This paper presents a review of the literature concerning conventional and new or innovative retrofitting methods for fire safety of buildings. Advantages and disadvantages of different fire protection devices and methods as available and understood from the literature are mentioned. Study of fire safety systems shows that each has its drawbacks. Comparison of the results shows that disadvantages of a solitary system for retrofitting against fire can be improved by using a combination of several fire safety concepts or methods simultaneously.展开更多
We study a special type of Boussinesq equations{δtu+u・∇u+∇P=νtα△u+θe2,δt+u・∇θ=κ△θ,∇・u=0with time-dependent viscosity coefficients,termed as tα-type Boussinesq equations.By skillfully combinin...We study a special type of Boussinesq equations{δtu+u・∇u+∇P=νtα△u+θe2,δt+u・∇θ=κ△θ,∇・u=0with time-dependent viscosity coefficients,termed as tα-type Boussinesq equations.By skillfully combining Schauder's fixed-point theorem with integrating factor techniques under the parameter constraint 0<α<1,we establish the existence and uniqueness of classical solutions for H3initial data.The analytical framework developed in this work provides a self-contained methodology with independent theoretical value.展开更多
Natural gas hydrate(NGH)has attracted much attention as a new alternative energy globally.However,evaluations of global NGH resources in the past few decades have casted a decreasing trend,where the estimate as of tod...Natural gas hydrate(NGH)has attracted much attention as a new alternative energy globally.However,evaluations of global NGH resources in the past few decades have casted a decreasing trend,where the estimate as of today is less than one ten-thousandth of the estimate forty years ago.The NGH researches in China started relatively late,but achievements have been made in the South China Sea(SCS)in the past two decades.Thirty-five studies had been carried out to evaluate NGH resource,and results showed a flat trend,ranging from 60 to 90 billion tons of oil equivalent,which was 2-3 times of the evaluation results of technical recoverable oil and gas resources in the SCS.The big difference is that the previous 35 group of NGH resource evaluations for the SCS only refers to the prospective gas resource with low grade level and high uncertainty,which cannot be used to guide exploration or researches on development strategies.Based on the analogy with the genetic mechanism of conventional oil and gas resources,this study adopts the newly proposed genetic method and geological analogy method to evaluate the NGH resource.Results show that the conventional oil and gas resources are 346.29×108t,the volume of NGH and free dynamic field are 25.19×104km3 and(2.05-2.48)×106km3,and the total amount of in-situ NGH resources in the SCS is about(4.47-6.02)×1012m3.It is considered that the resource of hydrate should not exceed that of conventional oil and gas,so it is 30 times lower than the previous estimate.This study provides a more reliable geological basis for further NGH exploration and development.展开更多
Two series of CeO2 materials were prepared by two different synthetic routes,i.e.the conventional ammonia precipitation route(CR)and the ammonium carbonate hydrolysis route(HA)using(NH4)=CO3 in the presence of hydroge...Two series of CeO2 materials were prepared by two different synthetic routes,i.e.the conventional ammonia precipitation route(CR)and the ammonium carbonate hydrolysis route(HA)using(NH4)=CO3 in the presence of hydrogen peroxide.The formation process and decomposition behavior of the precipitates were investigated by FTIR,Raman,thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis(TG/DTA)and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).The results show that the as-prepared precipitate obtained by HA consists of 022-,CO3z-and OH-species.However,after hydrothermal digestion at 80~C,the CO32-species is gradually hydrolyzed into OH-species.Although the chemical components of the digested precipitates prepared by these two routes are almost the same,the agglomeration of CeOa particles is markedly modified.The CeO2 powder produced by HA exhibits higher thermal stability and better reduction property compared to that obtained by CR.After the heat treatment at 900℃for 3 h,the CeO2 powder from HA route still remains a surface area of 27 m2.g-1.展开更多
Purpose: To observe the clinical therapeutic effect of different needling methods in the treatment of peripheral facial paralysis. Methods: A total of 158 cases of peripheral facial palsy patients are randomly divided...Purpose: To observe the clinical therapeutic effect of different needling methods in the treatment of peripheral facial paralysis. Methods: A total of 158 cases of peripheral facial palsy patients are randomly divided into treatment group (n=116 cases, who are treated by penetration needling method) and control group (n=42 cases, who are treated with traditional acupuncture method). In treatment group, main acupoint pairs for penetration needling are Yangbai (GB 14) -Yuyao (EX-HN 4), Tongziliao (GB 1) -Taiyang (EX-HN 5), Jiache (ST 6) -Dicang (ST 4) and Chengjiang (CV 24) -Jiachengjiang (EX-HN) on the affected side, and in control group, the main acupoints used are Yifeng (TE 17), Yangbai (GB 14), Sibai (ST 2), Dicang (ST 4), Jiache (ST 6), Jingming (BL 1) and Chengjiang (CV 24). The treatment is given once daily with 10 sessions being a therapeutic course. Results: After 3 courses of treatment, the cure rates of treatment group and control group are 81.8% and 66.7% separately, showing a significant difference between two groups (P<0.05). The total effective rates of treatment and control groups are 96.5% and 88.1% separately, presenting a significant difference between two groups (P<0.01). Conclusion: The therapeutic effect of penetration needling method is better than that of traditional acupuncture method.展开更多
The resistivity difference between oil and gas layers and the water layers in low contrast tight sandstone reservoirs is subtle. Fluid identification and saturation calculation based on conventional logging methods ar...The resistivity difference between oil and gas layers and the water layers in low contrast tight sandstone reservoirs is subtle. Fluid identification and saturation calculation based on conventional logging methods are facing challenges in such reservoirs. In this paper, a new method is proposed for fluid identification and saturation calculation in low contrast tight sandstone reservoirs. First, a model for calculating apparent formation water resistivity is constructed, which takes into account the influence of shale on the resistivity calculation and avoids apparent formation water resistivity abnormal values.Based on the distribution of the apparent formation water resistivity obtained by the new model, the water spectrum is determined for fluid identification in low contrast tight sandstone reservoirs.Following this, according to the average, standard deviation, and endpoints of the water spectrum, a new four-parameter model for calculating reservoir oil and gas saturation is built. The methods proposed in this paper are applied to the low contrast tight sandstone reservoirs in the Q4 formation of the X53 block and X70 block in the south of Songliao Basin, China. The results show that the water spectrum method can effectively distinguish oil-water layers and water layers in the study area. The standard deviation of the water spectrum in the oil-water layer is generally greater than that in the water layer. The new four-parameter model yields more accurate oil and gas saturation. These findings verify the effectiveness of the proposed methods.展开更多
摘要l-Methyl-3-ethyl imidazolium bromide[meim]Br/basic alumina(Al2O3) has been found to promote the cyclocondensation of chloroacetone/chloroethyl acetate with salicylaldehydes under conventional as well as microwave irradiation to yield benzofuran derivatives.
摘要BACKGROUND Non variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding(NVUGIB)is a life-threatening condition requiring prompt and effective hemostasis.Various endoscopic inter-ventions,including novel hemostatic powders(HP),over-the-scope clips(OTSC),and traditional approaches,have been employed to manage upper gastroin-testinal bleeding(UGIB).Despite advancements,comparative efficacy and safety of these modalities remain uncertain.AIM To evaluate the efficacy and safety of novel hemostatic interventions compared to conventional endoscopic techniques for managing UGIB.METHODS Cochrane,MEDLINE,PubMed and Scopus libraries were searched for rando-mized controlled trials(RCTs)published up to October 2024.Only RCTs compa-ring novel interventions,such as HP or OTSC,with conventional endoscopic treatments computed tomography(CT)were included.The primary outcome was the 30-day rebleeding rate.Secondary outcomes included initial hemostasis,short-term rebleeding rates,need for salvage therapy(surgical/angiographic),30-day all-cause mortality,and bleeding-related mortality.We performed pairwise and network meta-analyses for all treatments.RESULTS Seventeen studies were included in this analysis.Regarding the 30-day rebleeding rate,OTSC and HP showed superior efficacy compared with CT[OTSC vs CT:Relative risk(RR):0.47,95%confidence interval(CI):0.33-0.65;HP vs CT:RR:0.73,95%CI:0.45-1.13],while OTSC and HP had comparable efficacy(RR:0.56,95%CI:0.30-1.05).OTSC ranked the highest in the network ranking estimate for this outcome.For the secondary outcomes,OTSC demonstrated superior efficacy for the short-term rebleeding rate(OTSC vs CT:RR:0.35,95%CI:0.14-0.74;HP vs CT:RR:0.62,95%CI:0.28-1.35;OTSC vs HP:RR:0.59,95%CI:0.17-1.67).Regarding the initial hemostasis rate,OTSC was slightly more effective than CT(OTSC vs CT:RR:1.20,95%CI:1.06-1.57)and comparable to HP(OTSC vs HP:RR:1.08,95%CI:0.89-1.40).There were no significant differences among treatments for all-cause mortality,bleeding-related mortality,or the necessity of surgical or angiographic salvage therapy.OTSC consistently ranked highest across most outcomes in the network ranking estimate.
基金The work is financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundations of China (No.50476083).
摘要An improved shooting method was presented for solving the natural convention boundary layer equations, with a coupling of the velocity field to the temperature field. The numerical results are consistent with the approximate solution obtained by former researchers.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFD1000105)the Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC:U1904113)+1 种基金the Program for Innovative Research Team(in Science and Technology)at the University of Henan Province(21IRTSTHN021)the Program for Science&Technology Innovation Talents in Universities of Henan Province(21HASTIT035).
摘要Non-conventional peptides(NCPs),which are peptides derived from previously unannotated coding sequences,play important biological roles in plants.In this study,we used peptidogenomic methods that integrated mass spectrometry(MS)peptidomics and a six-frame translation database to extensively identify NCPs in grape.In total,188 and 2021 non-redundant peptides from the Arabidopsis thaliana and Vitis vinifera L.protein database at Ensembl/URGI and an individualized peptidogenomic database were identified.Unlike conventional peptides,these NCPs derived mainly from intergenic,intronic,upstream ORF,5'UTR,3'UTR,and downstream ORF regions.These results show that unannotated regions are translated more broadly than we thought.We also found that most NCPs were derived from regions related to phenotypic variations,LTR retrotransposons,and domestication selection,indicating that the NCPs have an important function in complex biological processes.We also found that the NCPs were developmentally specific and had transient and specific functions in grape berry development.In summary,our study is the first to extensively identify NCPs in grape.It demonstrated that there was a large amount of translation in the genome.These results lay a foundation for studying the functions of NCPs and also provide a reference for the discovery of new functional genes in grape.
基金Research was supported by the NSFC Grant 11872210Research was supported by the NSFC Grant 11872210 and Grant No.MCMS-I-0120G01+1 种基金Research supported in part by the AFOSR Grant FA9550-20-1-0055NSF Grant DMS-2010107.
摘要Fixed-point fast sweeping WENO methods are a class of efficient high-order numerical methods to solve steady-state solutions of hyperbolic partial differential equations(PDEs).The Gauss-Seidel iterations and alternating sweeping strategy are used to cover characteristics of hyperbolic PDEs in each sweeping order to achieve fast convergence rate to steady-state solutions.A nice property of fixed-point fast sweeping WENO methods which distinguishes them from other fast sweeping methods is that they are explicit and do not require inverse operation of nonlinear local systems.Hence,they are easy to be applied to a general hyperbolic system.To deal with the difficulties associated with numerical boundary treatment when high-order finite difference methods on a Cartesian mesh are used to solve hyperbolic PDEs on complex domains,inverse Lax-Wendroff(ILW)procedures were developed as a very effective approach in the literature.In this paper,we combine a fifthorder fixed-point fast sweeping WENO method with an ILW procedure to solve steadystate solution of hyperbolic conservation laws on complex computing regions.Numerical experiments are performed to test the method in solving various problems including the cases with the physical boundary not aligned with the grids.Numerical results show highorder accuracy and good performance of the method.Furthermore,the method is compared with the popular third-order total variation diminishing Runge-Kutta(TVD-RK3)time-marching method for steady-state computations.Numerical examples show that for most of examples,the fixed-point fast sweeping method saves more than half CPU time costs than TVD-RK3 to converge to steady-state solutions.
摘要In this paper, we provide an aggregate function homotopy interior point method to solve a class of Brouwer fixed-point problems. Compared with the homotopy method (proposed by Yu and Lin, Appl. Math. Comput., 74(1996), 65), the main adavantages of this method are as foUows: on the one hand, it can solve the Brouwer fixed-point problems in a broader class of nonconvex subsets Ω in R^n (in this paper, we let Ω={x∈ R^n : gi(x) ≤0, i= 1,... , m}); on the other hand, it can also deal with the subsets Ω with larger amount of constraints more effectively.
摘要In this paper, we modify the homotopy method (proposed by Yu and Lin, Appl. Math. Comput., 74(1996), 65) and hence make the modified method be able to solve Brouwer fixed-point problems in a broader class of nonconvex subsets in Rn. In addition, a simple example is given to show the effectiveness of the modified method.
摘要The conventional pseudo-dynamic(CPD)and modified pseudo-dynamic(MPD)methods are invoked to obtain the seismic bearing capacity of strip foundations using the limit equilibrium method,with a two-wedge failure mechanism.A spectral version of the conventional pseudo-dynamic method(SPD)is also invoked by considering the ground motion amplification factor,to be a function of the non-dimensional frequencyλ/B and soil damping.Numeric analyses show that bearing capacity results obtained by the MPD and SPD methods are generally consistent.Both experience the same general reduction in bearing capacity with the increase ofλ/B,with successive ups and downs corresponding to soil′s natural frequencies.For 5<λ/B<10,SPD and MPD results fluctuated between falling above and below CPD results.Forλ/B<2.5,SPD and MPD results were consistent with attenuation of the shear wave,while for 10<λ/B,amplification was exhibited.Results obtained by the CPD method monotonically decrease,due to the fact that CPD fails to inherently consider site effects and damping,and instead and relies on a single factor to consider the ground motion amplification.
摘要Fire effects can be one of the most harmful conditions that any building may experience throughout its service life. Developing practical protection methods and concepts against potential fire disasters in buildings has been an important consideration in design of buildings in recent decades. Rapid developments in technology have heightened the demand for new and innovative fire protection systems in comparison with conventional and traditional methods. Such a need for new technologies is in particular of greater importance when it comes to existing buildings. Retrofitting an existing building for fire safety is a greater challenge compared with designing a new building using materials and components that have more desirable and superior fire rating to begin with. Furthermore, strategies to design a new building that includes state-of-the-art fire safety features are also different from solutions that may be more suitable for retrofitting an existing building. This paper presents a review of the literature concerning conventional and new or innovative retrofitting methods for fire safety of buildings. Advantages and disadvantages of different fire protection devices and methods as available and understood from the literature are mentioned. Study of fire safety systems shows that each has its drawbacks. Comparison of the results shows that disadvantages of a solitary system for retrofitting against fire can be improved by using a combination of several fire safety concepts or methods simultaneously.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(Grant No.2023JJ0007)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12001064)+1 种基金the Research Project on Teaching Reform in Colleges and Universities of Hunan Province(Grant No.HNJG-2021-0462)the National First-class Offline Undergraduate Course Complex Variable Functions and Integral Transformations and Major Scientific and Technological Innovation Platform Project of Hunan Province(Grant No.2024JC1003)。
摘要We study a special type of Boussinesq equations{δtu+u・∇u+∇P=νtα△u+θe2,δt+u・∇θ=κ△θ,∇・u=0with time-dependent viscosity coefficients,termed as tα-type Boussinesq equations.By skillfully combining Schauder's fixed-point theorem with integrating factor techniques under the parameter constraint 0<α<1,we establish the existence and uniqueness of classical solutions for H3initial data.The analytical framework developed in this work provides a self-contained methodology with independent theoretical value.
基金supported by a major consulting project of"South China Sea Oil and Gas Comprehensive Development Strategy Research"led by Academician Gao Deli and the Faculty of Chinese Academy of SciencesCounsulting Project of Chinese Academy of Science(Approval Number:2019-ZW11-Z-035)+1 种基金National Key Basic Research and Development Program(973)(Nos:2006CB202300,2011CB201100)China High-tech R&D Program(863)(2013AA092600)。
摘要Natural gas hydrate(NGH)has attracted much attention as a new alternative energy globally.However,evaluations of global NGH resources in the past few decades have casted a decreasing trend,where the estimate as of today is less than one ten-thousandth of the estimate forty years ago.The NGH researches in China started relatively late,but achievements have been made in the South China Sea(SCS)in the past two decades.Thirty-five studies had been carried out to evaluate NGH resource,and results showed a flat trend,ranging from 60 to 90 billion tons of oil equivalent,which was 2-3 times of the evaluation results of technical recoverable oil and gas resources in the SCS.The big difference is that the previous 35 group of NGH resource evaluations for the SCS only refers to the prospective gas resource with low grade level and high uncertainty,which cannot be used to guide exploration or researches on development strategies.Based on the analogy with the genetic mechanism of conventional oil and gas resources,this study adopts the newly proposed genetic method and geological analogy method to evaluate the NGH resource.Results show that the conventional oil and gas resources are 346.29×108t,the volume of NGH and free dynamic field are 25.19×104km3 and(2.05-2.48)×106km3,and the total amount of in-situ NGH resources in the SCS is about(4.47-6.02)×1012m3.It is considered that the resource of hydrate should not exceed that of conventional oil and gas,so it is 30 times lower than the previous estimate.This study provides a more reliable geological basis for further NGH exploration and development.
摘要Two series of CeO2 materials were prepared by two different synthetic routes,i.e.the conventional ammonia precipitation route(CR)and the ammonium carbonate hydrolysis route(HA)using(NH4)=CO3 in the presence of hydrogen peroxide.The formation process and decomposition behavior of the precipitates were investigated by FTIR,Raman,thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis(TG/DTA)and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).The results show that the as-prepared precipitate obtained by HA consists of 022-,CO3z-and OH-species.However,after hydrothermal digestion at 80~C,the CO32-species is gradually hydrolyzed into OH-species.Although the chemical components of the digested precipitates prepared by these two routes are almost the same,the agglomeration of CeOa particles is markedly modified.The CeO2 powder produced by HA exhibits higher thermal stability and better reduction property compared to that obtained by CR.After the heat treatment at 900℃for 3 h,the CeO2 powder from HA route still remains a surface area of 27 m2.g-1.
摘要Purpose: To observe the clinical therapeutic effect of different needling methods in the treatment of peripheral facial paralysis. Methods: A total of 158 cases of peripheral facial palsy patients are randomly divided into treatment group (n=116 cases, who are treated by penetration needling method) and control group (n=42 cases, who are treated with traditional acupuncture method). In treatment group, main acupoint pairs for penetration needling are Yangbai (GB 14) -Yuyao (EX-HN 4), Tongziliao (GB 1) -Taiyang (EX-HN 5), Jiache (ST 6) -Dicang (ST 4) and Chengjiang (CV 24) -Jiachengjiang (EX-HN) on the affected side, and in control group, the main acupoints used are Yifeng (TE 17), Yangbai (GB 14), Sibai (ST 2), Dicang (ST 4), Jiache (ST 6), Jingming (BL 1) and Chengjiang (CV 24). The treatment is given once daily with 10 sessions being a therapeutic course. Results: After 3 courses of treatment, the cure rates of treatment group and control group are 81.8% and 66.7% separately, showing a significant difference between two groups (P<0.05). The total effective rates of treatment and control groups are 96.5% and 88.1% separately, presenting a significant difference between two groups (P<0.01). Conclusion: The therapeutic effect of penetration needling method is better than that of traditional acupuncture method.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (42174131)。
摘要The resistivity difference between oil and gas layers and the water layers in low contrast tight sandstone reservoirs is subtle. Fluid identification and saturation calculation based on conventional logging methods are facing challenges in such reservoirs. In this paper, a new method is proposed for fluid identification and saturation calculation in low contrast tight sandstone reservoirs. First, a model for calculating apparent formation water resistivity is constructed, which takes into account the influence of shale on the resistivity calculation and avoids apparent formation water resistivity abnormal values.Based on the distribution of the apparent formation water resistivity obtained by the new model, the water spectrum is determined for fluid identification in low contrast tight sandstone reservoirs.Following this, according to the average, standard deviation, and endpoints of the water spectrum, a new four-parameter model for calculating reservoir oil and gas saturation is built. The methods proposed in this paper are applied to the low contrast tight sandstone reservoirs in the Q4 formation of the X53 block and X70 block in the south of Songliao Basin, China. The results show that the water spectrum method can effectively distinguish oil-water layers and water layers in the study area. The standard deviation of the water spectrum in the oil-water layer is generally greater than that in the water layer. The new four-parameter model yields more accurate oil and gas saturation. These findings verify the effectiveness of the proposed methods.