BACKGROUND Open tibial fractures with extensive soft-tissue loss represent one of the most challenging orthopedic emergencies.Delays in definitive soft-tissue coverage significantly increase the risk of deep infection...BACKGROUND Open tibial fractures with extensive soft-tissue loss represent one of the most challenging orthopedic emergencies.Delays in definitive soft-tissue coverage significantly increase the risk of deep infection,nonunion,and amputation.Although early coverage has been advocated,the precise timing for optimal outcomes remains debated.This systematic review evaluates current evidence comparing early and delayed flap coverage in Gustilo-Anderson type ⅢB and ⅢC open tibial fractures.We hypothesized that early orthoplastic intervention within the first week of injury would lead to lower infection and complication rates,while improving union and limb salvage outcomes.AIM To determine the impact of early vs delayed soft-tissue coverage on infection,union,flap survival,and limb salvage.METHODS A systematic review was performed using PubMed,Scopus,Web of Science,and Google Scholar for studies published from January 2000 to October 2025.Eligible studies included adults(≥18 years)with Gustilo-Anderson type ⅢB or ⅢC open tibial fractures comparing early(≤72 hours or≤7-12 days)and delayed flap coverage.Outcomes analyzed were infection,nonunion,flap failure,and amputation.Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and the Risk of Bias in Non-Randomized Studies of Interventions risk-of-bias tool.RESULTS Nine retrospective cohort studies comprising 900 patients were included.Early flap coverage significantly reduced deep infection rates(0%-23%vs up to 72%)and lowered reoperation frequency compared with delayed coverage.Union and limb salvage rates exceeded 90%in early coverage groups,with no increase in flap failure risk.Studies consistently highlighted improved outcomes when early coverage was performed by coordinated orthoplastic teams within specialized trauma centers.The overall methodological quality ranged from moderate to low risk of bias,supporting the clinical value of timely,multidisciplinary management.CONCLUSION Early orthoplastic soft-tissue coverage within the first week after fixation reduces infection and nonunion,improves limb salvage,and represents best practice for severe open tibial fractures.展开更多
Aiming at the problem of low node coverage during node deployment in wireless sensor network(WSN),an improved artificial rabbit optimization algorithm incorporating particle swarm optimization(ARO-PSO)is proposed for ...Aiming at the problem of low node coverage during node deployment in wireless sensor network(WSN),an improved artificial rabbit optimization algorithm incorporating particle swarm optimization(ARO-PSO)is proposed for network coverage optimization.ARO-PSO successfully combines the stochastic characteristics of ARO and the global characteristics of PSO.Firstly,to optimize the quality of the initial population,Sine chaos mapping is introduced to initialize the population;secondly,to better balance the exploration and exploitation,adaptive settings are made;finally,combined with the characteristics of the ARO energy factor,a population decreasing strategy is introduced to further accelerate the convergence speed of the algorithm.Experimental and analytical comparisons are made with ARO and PSO and 6 other excellent optimizers on 13 benchmark functions.The results show that ARO-PSO largely outperforms the original algorithm.Finally,ARO-PSO is applied to WSN coverage optimization experiments in 2D and 3D environments,and the proposed algorithm exhibits higher network coverage and improves the monitoring quality of the network compared to standard ARO and PSO and other state-of-the-art algorithms.The experimental results fully demonstrate the superiority of the ARO-PSO-based WSN node deployment optimization method.展开更多
This paper proposes a Cooperative Coverage Path Planning method for Multiple Underwater Gliders(MUG-CCPP)that considers sonar detection performance and energy efficiency.Unlike traditional phased methods that require ...This paper proposes a Cooperative Coverage Path Planning method for Multiple Underwater Gliders(MUG-CCPP)that considers sonar detection performance and energy efficiency.Unlike traditional phased methods that require task allocation or area partitioning,our method directly optimizes collaborative paths to complete coverage tasks.We establish a regional detection range model for the sonar by combining environmental data(temperature,salinity,depth)with the Bellhop3D acoustic model and the sonar equation.To balance coverage rate and energy consumption,we design a two-stage fitness function.The first stage guarantees feasible solutions that satisfy coverage rate constraints while accounting for invalid and overlapping coverage,path intersections,energy consumption,and safety.The second stage minimizes energy consumption within the coverage area.Furthermore,we present a Discrete Search-Assisted(DSA)strategy to improve initial solution quality and coverage ordering.Simulation results show that our MUG-CCpP method outperforms a state-of-the-art phased method,achieving higher coverage rates and greater energy efficiency,thereby offering a practical solution for coverage detection tasks.展开更多
Unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)are widely utilized in area coverage tasks due to their flexibility and efficiency in geo-graphic information acquisition.However,complex boundary conditions in actual water area maps oft...Unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)are widely utilized in area coverage tasks due to their flexibility and efficiency in geo-graphic information acquisition.However,complex boundary conditions in actual water area maps often reduce coverage efficiency.To address this issue,this paper proposes a map preprocessing algorithm that linearizes boundary lines and processes concave areas into concave polygons,followed by gridding the map.Additionally,a collaborative area coverage method for UAV swarms is introduced based on region partitioning,which considers the comprehensive cost of energy consumption and time.An improved Hungarian algorithm is utilized for region partitioning,and a Dubins-A*-based plow-ing area full coverage path planning method is proposed to achieve path smoothing and collaborative coverage of each partition.Two sets of simulation experiments are conducted.The first experiment verifies the effectiveness of the map preprocessing algorithm,and the second compares the proposed collaborative area coverage algorithm with other methods,demonstrating its performance advantages.展开更多
In the original publication of the article(Liu et al.,2025),the first organization should be corrected as:“School of Marine Science,Sun Yat-Sen University,Zhuhai 519082,China”as it is sponsored by the National Natur...In the original publication of the article(Liu et al.,2025),the first organization should be corrected as:“School of Marine Science,Sun Yat-Sen University,Zhuhai 519082,China”as it is sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42276001).The second organization should be corrected as:“Ocean College,Hebei Agriculture University,Qinhuangdao 066000,China”.展开更多
The nature reserves have covered one third of the total area of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau(QXP),which play a core role in sustaining regional ecological security.However,there is lack of quantitative evidence on compa...The nature reserves have covered one third of the total area of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau(QXP),which play a core role in sustaining regional ecological security.However,there is lack of quantitative evidence on comparing the contribution of nature reserves on the changes of landcover and vegetation coverage for both past and future in QXP.Based on two new datasets,we compared the changes of landcover and vegetation coverage during 2000-2020 inside and outside the nature reserves in QXP.Based on Patch-generating Land Use Simulation model and Pixel-by-pixel Multiple Linear Regression,we spatialized the future landcover and vegetation coverage during 2030-2050 under SSP245 and SSP585 scenarios.The results showed the grassland increased 17.7%inside the nature reserves during 2000-2020,larger than the 12.4%rate of increase outside the nature reserves.Under the SSP245 scenario during 2030-2050,the grassland will increase 12.0%inside and 9.9%outside the nature reserves,and the bare land will decrease 16.9%inside and 19.6%outside the nature reserves.During 2000-2020,the increases of fraction vegetation coverage(FVC)were 0.0015 a−1inside and 0.0013 a−1outside the nature reserve.The FVC increases were not mostly positively correlated with temperature and precipitation,neither inside nor outside the nature reserves.Under the SSP585 scenario during 2030-2050,the increases of FVC were 0.0020 inside and 0.0016 outside the nature reserve.These findings highlight the positive contribution of nature reserves on the ecological security in QXP for both past and future under the fast climate change and increasing human activity.展开更多
A novel intelligent optimization algorithm inspired by nature,called sea otter optimization algorithm(SOOA),is proposed.The SOOA simulates the natural behaviors of sea otters,such as using tactile senses to search for...A novel intelligent optimization algorithm inspired by nature,called sea otter optimization algorithm(SOOA),is proposed.The SOOA simulates the natural behaviors of sea otters,such as using tactile senses to search for food in seawater,grooming their fur,feeding with the aid of stones,and escaping from danger.In the exploration stage,a wetness factor is introduced to control the behavior of sea otters in foraging and grooming;a danger factor is introduced to control the behavior of sea otters in feeding and avoiding dangers in the exploitation stage,and the behaviors of sea otters in responding to different dangers are mathematically modeled.The proposed algorithm is compared with 9 well-known intelligent optimization algorithms,and evaluated in 13 benchmark functions as well as wireless sensor network coverage optimization problems to verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.The experimental results show that the node coverage after SOOA optimization reaches 91.2%in 2D environment and 90.47%in 3D environment.Compared with other algorithms,SOOA is superior and possesses the ability to solve complex optimization problems.展开更多
Metabolomics is essential for analyzing small molecules in food.Effective extraction and separation technology,along with reliable and efficient analytical tools,are essential for enhancing both the quantity and accur...Metabolomics is essential for analyzing small molecules in food.Effective extraction and separation technology,along with reliable and efficient analytical tools,are essential for enhancing both the quantity and accuracy of compound analysis.Traditional methods relying on single-solvent extraction and singlecolumn separation often result in target omission and reduced annotation coverage.This study presents a'Divide,Conquer,and Integrate Strategy'for comprehensive untargeted metabolomics in fruits,vegetables,and their products.The method uses three extraction techniques to capture metabolites across a broad polarity range.Each extract is separated using specific chromatographic columns and mobile phases to ensure high annotation coverage.Data are collected via high-resolution mass spectrometry in both positive and negative ion modes,and analyzed using MS-DIAL and MetaboAnalystR.This integrated approach enhances metabolite discovery and annotation accuracy,with low overlap of metabolites annotated by different extraction methods.展开更多
The unclear decisive factors make it tricky to realize high activity and selectivity for the methanol oxidation reaction(MOR)at an industrial-level current.Using Ni-based hydroxides as model catalysts,we reveal that N...The unclear decisive factors make it tricky to realize high activity and selectivity for the methanol oxidation reaction(MOR)at an industrial-level current.Using Ni-based hydroxides as model catalysts,we reveal that Ni sites undergo a progressive dehydrogenation from NiO2H2to low-hydrogen-coverage NiO2H1-xspecies,which serve as the active centers under high current densities.This transformation shifts the rate-determining step from catalyst dehydrogenation(NOR mechanism)to*CH3O dehydrogenation,while the adsorption behavior of*HCOO dictates product selectivity.Guided by these insights,a Fe-NiCo ternary hydroxide catalyst was rationally designed to modulate intermediate adsorption energetics.The optimized Fe-NiCo-TH catalyst delivers industrially relevant MOR performance,achieving>500 mA cm-2at 1.47 V,>90%formate selectivity,and excellent long-term durability.This study establishes hydrogen-coverage-dependent active sites as a decisive factor in MOR and provides a mechanistic foundation for designing Ni-based electrocatalysts for coupled hydrogen production.展开更多
This study investigates the spatiotemporal dynamics and driving factors of Fractional Vegetation Coverage(FVC)in the Taihang mountainous area from 2000 to 2022,using the Mann-Kendall test,Theil-Sen median analysis,coe...This study investigates the spatiotemporal dynamics and driving factors of Fractional Vegetation Coverage(FVC)in the Taihang mountainous area from 2000 to 2022,using the Mann-Kendall test,Theil-Sen median analysis,coefficient of variation(Cv),and the Optimal Parameter Geographic Detector(OPGD).FVC plays a critical role in mountain ecosystems by enhancing soil moisture retention,reducing erosion risk,stabilizing slopes,and indicating vegetation vitality and resilience in environmentally sensitive regions.As an essential ecological safety barrier for the North China Plain,understanding FVC variations in the Taihang Mountains is imperative for environmental protection and sustainable development in ecologically fragile mountainous areas.Results reveal a transition from low-grade to highgrade FVC,with an average annual increase of 0.004 and notable fluctuations.Improved areas accounted for 92.37%of the total,while degraded areas comprised only 6.26%.Spatially,FVC exhibits significant heterogeneity,with low coverage in the north and high coverage in the south.The coefficient of variation indicates generally low volatility,with lower Cv values in the south and east and higher values in the north and west.Mean annual temperature(Mat),mean annual precipitation(Map),and aspect(Asp)are identified as the primary driving factors.Interaction analyses demonstrate an enhancement effect,with combinations of natural environmental and socioeconomic factors exerting particularly significant impacts.展开更多
As key reaction intermediates involved in the electroreduction of carbon dioxide,*CO and*H(*represents active center)prove to be critical in regulating the selectivity toward different carbonaceous products.Howe...As key reaction intermediates involved in the electroreduction of carbon dioxide,*CO and*H(*represents active center)prove to be critical in regulating the selectivity toward different carbonaceous products.However,how the coverage of *H and*CO affects the selectivity of ethylene and ethanol remains unclear.In this work,we judiciously control the coverage of *CO or*H intermediates by introducing foreign metal into Cu nanoparticles,with the synthesis of four copper-based bimetallic catalysts,including CuAg,CuZn,CuCo,and CuPd.Four catalysts,together with Cu nanoparticles,are subjected to the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide in an H-cell.The CuZn catalyst is identified as the most effective catalyst for C-C coupling,exhibiting a Faradaic efficiency of 34.5%for C2+products at-1.09 V versus RHE and a current density of-30.4 mA cm-2.In contrast,CuPd catalyst inclines to catalyze C-C coupling toward ethanol,with an FEethanol/FEethylene ratio reaching up to 1.15.The coverage of key intermediates is investigated through in situ Raman spectroscopy.The doping of Ag and Zn metals can enhance the adsorption of*CO on the catalyst,while the doping of Co and Pd metals can enhance the adsorption of*H on the catalyst.Hence,the increased*CO coverage on Ag-and Zn-doped CuNP promotes C2+generation,and the increased*H coverage of Co-and Pd-doped CuNPs enhances the C2H5OH/C2H4ratio.展开更多
The primary objective of this study is to analyze the impact of promotional broadcasting campaigns on the view-count of YouTube videos,which is a crucial factor for revenue generation among YouTubers.To achieve this o...The primary objective of this study is to analyze the impact of promotional broadcasting campaigns on the view-count of YouTube videos,which is a crucial factor for revenue generation among YouTubers.To achieve this objective,various mathematical models are proposed and rigorously tested to understand the effects of these promotional strategies on video view-counts.Additionally,Distance-Based Analysis(DBA)is employed to rank the effectiveness of the proposed models.This dual approach ensures a robust assessment of how different broadcasting strategies influence view-counts.The analysis reveals that different broadcasting strategies yield varying levels of effectiveness,with some approaches leading to a more substantial increase in view-count than others.This study addresses a gap in the existing literature by focusing specifically on the broadcasting phenomenon,which has been scarcely explored.The findings provide valuable insights for content creators and marketers,with Model IV outperforming others across several datasets,demonstrating its robustness in capturing promotional impact.展开更多
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus remains an important occupational risk for healthcare trainees.Objective serology can verify protection and inform pre-placement clearance policies.AIM To assess hepatitis B vaccination st...BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus remains an important occupational risk for healthcare trainees.Objective serology can verify protection and inform pre-placement clearance policies.AIM To assess hepatitis B vaccination status,occupational exposure,and serological protection among health sciences students in Albania.METHODS Cross-sectional study(April-June 2024)at the University of Vlore.Students completed a structured questionnaire(n=152);a consenting subset provided blood samples for hepatitis B surface antigen and anti-hepatitis B surface antibody(HBs)testing(n=134).Group comparisons usedχ2/Fisher’s exact tests and multivariable logistic regression for seroprotection(anti-HBs≥10 IU/L).RESULTS All tested participants were hepatitis B surface antigen negative(n=134).Overall,86.6%had protective anti-HBs(≥10 IU/L),including 76.2%with titers>100 IU/L;13.4%had anti-HBs<10 IU/L.Needlestick/sharps injuries were reported during training,supporting the need for standardized clearance and reporting pathways.CONCLUSION Most students had serological protection,but a meaningful minority lacked protective titers.Universities and training sites should implement pre-placement HB clearance with documented vaccination,mandatory anti-HBs testing,and structured catch-up/booster pathways.展开更多
Cataracts are the leading cause of blindness worldwide.Fortunately,a highly effective and cost-efficient surgical treatment is available that can restore functional vision in most patients when performed with appropri...Cataracts are the leading cause of blindness worldwide.Fortunately,a highly effective and cost-efficient surgical treatment is available that can restore functional vision in most patients when performed with appropriate quality and followed by optical correction.The persistent global burden of cataracts reflects not a lack of effective treatment but rather limitations in access,quality,and continuity of care.In 2021,the World Health Assembly set a target of a 30 percentage-point increase in effective cataract surgical coverage(eCSC)by 2030[1].Cataract surgical coverage(CSC)measures the volume of surgeries performed based on the need for cataract surgery.eCSC incorporates postoperative visual outcomes,making it a more comprehensive measure of both access and quality.Therefore,it is a more appropriate indicator of health system performance than CSC.展开更多
As informal environmental regulation,green news coverage plays an increasingly significant role in corporate environmental governance and green innovation.However,current academic research on corporate green innovatio...As informal environmental regulation,green news coverage plays an increasingly significant role in corporate environmental governance and green innovation.However,current academic research on corporate green innovation primarily focuses on formal environmental regulation,with limited attention paid to the influence of green news coverage,particularly lacking in-depth studies on its impact mechanisms.Using a sample of Chinese A-share listed companies from 2008 to 2023,this study employs text analysis and fixed-effects models to comprehensively examine the impact of green news coverage on corporate green innovation and its transmission mechanisms.Empirical results indicate that green news coverage significantly promotes corporate green innovation,with positive coverage demonstrating particularly pronounced effects.Specifically,corporate environmental investment and environmental information disclosure levels serve as key internal mechanisms through which green news coverage influences green innovation.Environmental investment and disclosure act as partial or full mediators depending on the specific context.Heterogeneity analysis reveals that green news coverage significantly boosts green innovation in heavily polluting enterprises and those with environmental executives.Positive coverage exerts greater effects on mature firms,while negative coverage impacts growth-stage enterprises more profoundly.Against the backdrop of synergistic integration between the dual carbon goals and new productive forces,green news should fully leverage its incentive and oversight functions as informal environmental rules.This will help build a multi-stakeholder governance system to advance the transition toward a green ecological civilization.展开更多
Complex multi-area collaborative coverage path planning in dynamic environments poses a significant challenge for multi-fixed-wing UAVs(multi-UAV).This study establishes a comprehensive framework that incorporates UAV...Complex multi-area collaborative coverage path planning in dynamic environments poses a significant challenge for multi-fixed-wing UAVs(multi-UAV).This study establishes a comprehensive framework that incorporates UAV capabilities,terrain,complex areas,and mission dynamics.A novel dynamic collaborative path planning algorithm is introduced,designed to ensure complete coverage of designated areas.This algorithm meticulously optimizes the operation,entry,and transition paths for each UAV,while also establishing evaluation metrics to refine coverage sequences for each area.Additionally,a three-dimensional path is computed utilizing an altitude descent method,effectively integrating twodimensional coverage paths with altitude constraints.The efficacy of the proposed approach is validated through digital simulations and mixed-reality semi-physical experiments across a variety of dynamic scenarios,including both single-area and multi-area coverage by multi-UAV.Results show that the coverage paths generated by this method significantly reduce both computation time and path length,providing a reliable solution for dynamic multi-UAV mission planning in semi-physical environments.展开更多
In this article,a three-dimensional cooperative guidance problem for highly maneuvering targets is investigated under the assumption of perfect information.Inspired by the coverage strategy,the cooperative guidance pr...In this article,a three-dimensional cooperative guidance problem for highly maneuvering targets is investigated under the assumption of perfect information.Inspired by the coverage strategy,the cooperative guidance problem is decomposed into one-on-one guidance problems against predictive interception points.To expand the coverage area of each missile,these one-on-one guidance problems are formulated as flight path angle tracking problems,and the optimal error dynamics is extended to derive the guidance law analytically.In addition,through the introduction of the coverage probability model,the dynamic coverage strategy is proposed.The predictive interception points are updated online by maximizing the coverage probability,which aims to achieve successful interception despite variations in target acceleration.Furthermore,a switching strategy of the guidance command is designed for collision avoidance.Simulation results demonstrate that the missile group can cooperatively intercept a highly maneuvering target under the proposed guidance law.展开更多
As the problem of surface garbage pollution becomes more serious,it is necessary to improve the efficiency of garbage inspection and picking rather than traditional manual methods.Due to lightness,Unmanned Aerial Vehi...As the problem of surface garbage pollution becomes more serious,it is necessary to improve the efficiency of garbage inspection and picking rather than traditional manual methods.Due to lightness,Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAVs)can traverse the entire water surface in a short time through their flight field of view.In addition,Unmanned Surface Vessels(USVs)can provide battery replacement and pick up garbage.In this paper,we innovatively establish a system framework for the collaboration between UAV and USVs,and develop an automatic water cleaning strategy.First,on the basis of the partition principle,we propose a collaborative coverage path algorithm based on UAV off-site takeoff and landing to achieve global inspection.Second,we design a task scheduling and assignment algorithm for USVs to balance the garbage loads based on the particle swarm optimization algorithm.Finally,based on the swarm intelligence algorithm,we also design an autonomous obstacle avoidance path planning algorithm for USVs to realize autonomous navigation and collaborative cleaning.The system can simultaneously perform inspection and clearance tasks under certain constraints.The simulation results show that the proposed algorithms have higher generality and flexibility while effectively improving computational efficiency and reducing actual cleaning costs compared with other schemes.展开更多
Research has shown considerable variability in whitecap coverage(W)under low to moderate wind conditions.During an expedition to the Northwestern Pacific,oceanographic variables and photographic measurements were coll...Research has shown considerable variability in whitecap coverage(W)under low to moderate wind conditions.During an expedition to the Northwestern Pacific,oceanographic variables and photographic measurements were collected to investigate the influence of wave-induced stress on W within these wind ranges.The friction velocity was recalculated based on turbulent stress,and wind profiles were modified to account for wave-induced stress and swell presence on the sea surface.The study examined W’s relationship with multiple parameters,including friction velocity(u*),breaking wave Reynolds numbers,wavesea Reynolds numbers,and wave age.The analysis utilized both conventional u*and turbulent stress-based friction velocity(u*turb).When utilizing u*turb rather than u*,the estimation model’s fitting results revealed an increase in correlation coefficient(R2)from 0.51 to 0.62,and a decrease in root mean square error(RMSE)from 0.0652 to 0.0574.Additionally,when parameterizing W using the windsea Reynolds number,with u*turb replacing u*and wind wave height substituting mixed wave height,the R2 increased from 0.38 to 0.53,and the RMSE decreased from 0.0737 to 0.0668.The results demonstrate that calculating u*using the turbulent stress-based method,along with wind wave height and peak wave speed of mixed waves,yields stronger correlation with W.This correlation improvement stems from the inhibition of wave breaking by swell and wave-induced stress.The integration of turbulent stress and wind wave field measurements enhances the understanding of relationships between W and various parameters.However,swell effects on wind profiles do not substantially affect W estimation using wind speed-related parameters.展开更多
Influenza is a significant global public health challenge,with seasonal epidemics imposing substantial burdens on healthcare systems and vulnerable populations,causing 3 to 5 million severe cases and 290,000 to 650,00...Influenza is a significant global public health challenge,with seasonal epidemics imposing substantial burdens on healthcare systems and vulnerable populations,causing 3 to 5 million severe cases and 290,000 to 650,000 respiratory-related deaths worldwide each year[1].Vaccines are an effective means of preventing influenza.In recent years,China has made progress in vaccine development and immunization strategies.The population is recommended to receive influenza vaccines annually;however,their coverage remain suboptimal[2].The World Health Organization(WHO)highlights that all countries should consider implementing seasonal influenza immunization programs,with priority groups determined based on local epidemiological contexts.In alignment with the Immunization Agenda 2030,the use of seasonal influenza vaccines contributes to strengthening the life course of immunization and serves as a critical component for addressing influenza pandemics,as outlined in the WHO Global Influenza Strategy 2019-2030.展开更多
摘要BACKGROUND Open tibial fractures with extensive soft-tissue loss represent one of the most challenging orthopedic emergencies.Delays in definitive soft-tissue coverage significantly increase the risk of deep infection,nonunion,and amputation.Although early coverage has been advocated,the precise timing for optimal outcomes remains debated.This systematic review evaluates current evidence comparing early and delayed flap coverage in Gustilo-Anderson type ⅢB and ⅢC open tibial fractures.We hypothesized that early orthoplastic intervention within the first week of injury would lead to lower infection and complication rates,while improving union and limb salvage outcomes.AIM To determine the impact of early vs delayed soft-tissue coverage on infection,union,flap survival,and limb salvage.METHODS A systematic review was performed using PubMed,Scopus,Web of Science,and Google Scholar for studies published from January 2000 to October 2025.Eligible studies included adults(≥18 years)with Gustilo-Anderson type ⅢB or ⅢC open tibial fractures comparing early(≤72 hours or≤7-12 days)and delayed flap coverage.Outcomes analyzed were infection,nonunion,flap failure,and amputation.Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and the Risk of Bias in Non-Randomized Studies of Interventions risk-of-bias tool.RESULTS Nine retrospective cohort studies comprising 900 patients were included.Early flap coverage significantly reduced deep infection rates(0%-23%vs up to 72%)and lowered reoperation frequency compared with delayed coverage.Union and limb salvage rates exceeded 90%in early coverage groups,with no increase in flap failure risk.Studies consistently highlighted improved outcomes when early coverage was performed by coordinated orthoplastic teams within specialized trauma centers.The overall methodological quality ranged from moderate to low risk of bias,supporting the clinical value of timely,multidisciplinary management.CONCLUSION Early orthoplastic soft-tissue coverage within the first week after fixation reduces infection and nonunion,improves limb salvage,and represents best practice for severe open tibial fractures.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022ZD0119001)。
摘要Aiming at the problem of low node coverage during node deployment in wireless sensor network(WSN),an improved artificial rabbit optimization algorithm incorporating particle swarm optimization(ARO-PSO)is proposed for network coverage optimization.ARO-PSO successfully combines the stochastic characteristics of ARO and the global characteristics of PSO.Firstly,to optimize the quality of the initial population,Sine chaos mapping is introduced to initialize the population;secondly,to better balance the exploration and exploitation,adaptive settings are made;finally,combined with the characteristics of the ARO energy factor,a population decreasing strategy is introduced to further accelerate the convergence speed of the algorithm.Experimental and analytical comparisons are made with ARO and PSO and 6 other excellent optimizers on 13 benchmark functions.The results show that ARO-PSO largely outperforms the original algorithm.Finally,ARO-PSO is applied to WSN coverage optimization experiments in 2D and 3D environments,and the proposed algorithm exhibits higher network coverage and improves the monitoring quality of the network compared to standard ARO and PSO and other state-of-the-art algorithms.The experimental results fully demonstrate the superiority of the ARO-PSO-based WSN node deployment optimization method.
基金unded by the Science and Technology Innovation Yongjiang 2035 Key Technology Breakthrough Plan(Grant No.2024Z137)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62402356)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.ZYTS24004)the Innova-tion Foundation for Doctor Dissertation of Northwestern Poly-technical University(Grant No.CX2024051).
摘要This paper proposes a Cooperative Coverage Path Planning method for Multiple Underwater Gliders(MUG-CCPP)that considers sonar detection performance and energy efficiency.Unlike traditional phased methods that require task allocation or area partitioning,our method directly optimizes collaborative paths to complete coverage tasks.We establish a regional detection range model for the sonar by combining environmental data(temperature,salinity,depth)with the Bellhop3D acoustic model and the sonar equation.To balance coverage rate and energy consumption,we design a two-stage fitness function.The first stage guarantees feasible solutions that satisfy coverage rate constraints while accounting for invalid and overlapping coverage,path intersections,energy consumption,and safety.The second stage minimizes energy consumption within the coverage area.Furthermore,we present a Discrete Search-Assisted(DSA)strategy to improve initial solution quality and coverage ordering.Simulation results show that our MUG-CCpP method outperforms a state-of-the-art phased method,achieving higher coverage rates and greater energy efficiency,thereby offering a practical solution for coverage detection tasks.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(62402020,62303022)Beijing Nova Program(20240484720)+1 种基金Project of Cultivation for Young Top-Notch Talents of Beijing Municipal Institutions(BPHR202203043)BTBU Digital Business Platform Project byBMEC.
摘要Unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)are widely utilized in area coverage tasks due to their flexibility and efficiency in geo-graphic information acquisition.However,complex boundary conditions in actual water area maps often reduce coverage efficiency.To address this issue,this paper proposes a map preprocessing algorithm that linearizes boundary lines and processes concave areas into concave polygons,followed by gridding the map.Additionally,a collaborative area coverage method for UAV swarms is introduced based on region partitioning,which considers the comprehensive cost of energy consumption and time.An improved Hungarian algorithm is utilized for region partitioning,and a Dubins-A*-based plow-ing area full coverage path planning method is proposed to achieve path smoothing and collaborative coverage of each partition.Two sets of simulation experiments are conducted.The first experiment verifies the effectiveness of the map preprocessing algorithm,and the second compares the proposed collaborative area coverage algorithm with other methods,demonstrating its performance advantages.
摘要In the original publication of the article(Liu et al.,2025),the first organization should be corrected as:“School of Marine Science,Sun Yat-Sen University,Zhuhai 519082,China”as it is sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42276001).The second organization should be corrected as:“Ocean College,Hebei Agriculture University,Qinhuangdao 066000,China”.
基金supported by the Second Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program(2019QZKK0405)the Natural Science Research Projects of Dezhou University(2021xjrc106).
摘要The nature reserves have covered one third of the total area of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau(QXP),which play a core role in sustaining regional ecological security.However,there is lack of quantitative evidence on comparing the contribution of nature reserves on the changes of landcover and vegetation coverage for both past and future in QXP.Based on two new datasets,we compared the changes of landcover and vegetation coverage during 2000-2020 inside and outside the nature reserves in QXP.Based on Patch-generating Land Use Simulation model and Pixel-by-pixel Multiple Linear Regression,we spatialized the future landcover and vegetation coverage during 2030-2050 under SSP245 and SSP585 scenarios.The results showed the grassland increased 17.7%inside the nature reserves during 2000-2020,larger than the 12.4%rate of increase outside the nature reserves.Under the SSP245 scenario during 2030-2050,the grassland will increase 12.0%inside and 9.9%outside the nature reserves,and the bare land will decrease 16.9%inside and 19.6%outside the nature reserves.During 2000-2020,the increases of fraction vegetation coverage(FVC)were 0.0015 a−1inside and 0.0013 a−1outside the nature reserve.The FVC increases were not mostly positively correlated with temperature and precipitation,neither inside nor outside the nature reserves.Under the SSP585 scenario during 2030-2050,the increases of FVC were 0.0020 inside and 0.0016 outside the nature reserve.These findings highlight the positive contribution of nature reserves on the ecological security in QXP for both past and future under the fast climate change and increasing human activity.
基金the Special Research Fund for the Na-tional Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022ZD0119001)。
摘要A novel intelligent optimization algorithm inspired by nature,called sea otter optimization algorithm(SOOA),is proposed.The SOOA simulates the natural behaviors of sea otters,such as using tactile senses to search for food in seawater,grooming their fur,feeding with the aid of stones,and escaping from danger.In the exploration stage,a wetness factor is introduced to control the behavior of sea otters in foraging and grooming;a danger factor is introduced to control the behavior of sea otters in feeding and avoiding dangers in the exploitation stage,and the behaviors of sea otters in responding to different dangers are mathematically modeled.The proposed algorithm is compared with 9 well-known intelligent optimization algorithms,and evaluated in 13 benchmark functions as well as wireless sensor network coverage optimization problems to verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.The experimental results show that the node coverage after SOOA optimization reaches 91.2%in 2D environment and 90.47%in 3D environment.Compared with other algorithms,SOOA is superior and possesses the ability to solve complex optimization problems.
基金funded by National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFD2100805).
摘要Metabolomics is essential for analyzing small molecules in food.Effective extraction and separation technology,along with reliable and efficient analytical tools,are essential for enhancing both the quantity and accuracy of compound analysis.Traditional methods relying on single-solvent extraction and singlecolumn separation often result in target omission and reduced annotation coverage.This study presents a'Divide,Conquer,and Integrate Strategy'for comprehensive untargeted metabolomics in fruits,vegetables,and their products.The method uses three extraction techniques to capture metabolites across a broad polarity range.Each extract is separated using specific chromatographic columns and mobile phases to ensure high annotation coverage.Data are collected via high-resolution mass spectrometry in both positive and negative ion modes,and analyzed using MS-DIAL and MetaboAnalystR.This integrated approach enhances metabolite discovery and annotation accuracy,with low overlap of metabolites annotated by different extraction methods.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52562032,22579073)the Xingdian Talent Program of Yunnan Province。
摘要The unclear decisive factors make it tricky to realize high activity and selectivity for the methanol oxidation reaction(MOR)at an industrial-level current.Using Ni-based hydroxides as model catalysts,we reveal that Ni sites undergo a progressive dehydrogenation from NiO2H2to low-hydrogen-coverage NiO2H1-xspecies,which serve as the active centers under high current densities.This transformation shifts the rate-determining step from catalyst dehydrogenation(NOR mechanism)to*CH3O dehydrogenation,while the adsorption behavior of*HCOO dictates product selectivity.Guided by these insights,a Fe-NiCo ternary hydroxide catalyst was rationally designed to modulate intermediate adsorption energetics.The optimized Fe-NiCo-TH catalyst delivers industrially relevant MOR performance,achieving>500 mA cm-2at 1.47 V,>90%formate selectivity,and excellent long-term durability.This study establishes hydrogen-coverage-dependent active sites as a decisive factor in MOR and provides a mechanistic foundation for designing Ni-based electrocatalysts for coupled hydrogen production.
基金financial support provided by the National Natural Science Foundation Youth Program,China(42101258)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China(ZR2024MD073)the National Innovation Training Program for College Students(202410446007)。
摘要This study investigates the spatiotemporal dynamics and driving factors of Fractional Vegetation Coverage(FVC)in the Taihang mountainous area from 2000 to 2022,using the Mann-Kendall test,Theil-Sen median analysis,coefficient of variation(Cv),and the Optimal Parameter Geographic Detector(OPGD).FVC plays a critical role in mountain ecosystems by enhancing soil moisture retention,reducing erosion risk,stabilizing slopes,and indicating vegetation vitality and resilience in environmentally sensitive regions.As an essential ecological safety barrier for the North China Plain,understanding FVC variations in the Taihang Mountains is imperative for environmental protection and sustainable development in ecologically fragile mountainous areas.Results reveal a transition from low-grade to highgrade FVC,with an average annual increase of 0.004 and notable fluctuations.Improved areas accounted for 92.37%of the total,while degraded areas comprised only 6.26%.Spatially,FVC exhibits significant heterogeneity,with low coverage in the north and high coverage in the south.The coefficient of variation indicates generally low volatility,with lower Cv values in the south and east and higher values in the north and west.Mean annual temperature(Mat),mean annual precipitation(Map),and aspect(Asp)are identified as the primary driving factors.Interaction analyses demonstrate an enhancement effect,with combinations of natural environmental and socioeconomic factors exerting particularly significant impacts.
基金the Young Scientist Funding(22409158,D.R.)from the National Natural Science Foundation of Chinathe Qinchuangyuan Funding Program(QCYRCXM-2022-122,D.R.)from Shaanxi Provincial Department of Science and Technology.
摘要As key reaction intermediates involved in the electroreduction of carbon dioxide,*CO and*H(*represents active center)prove to be critical in regulating the selectivity toward different carbonaceous products.However,how the coverage of *H and*CO affects the selectivity of ethylene and ethanol remains unclear.In this work,we judiciously control the coverage of *CO or*H intermediates by introducing foreign metal into Cu nanoparticles,with the synthesis of four copper-based bimetallic catalysts,including CuAg,CuZn,CuCo,and CuPd.Four catalysts,together with Cu nanoparticles,are subjected to the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide in an H-cell.The CuZn catalyst is identified as the most effective catalyst for C-C coupling,exhibiting a Faradaic efficiency of 34.5%for C2+products at-1.09 V versus RHE and a current density of-30.4 mA cm-2.In contrast,CuPd catalyst inclines to catalyze C-C coupling toward ethanol,with an FEethanol/FEethylene ratio reaching up to 1.15.The coverage of key intermediates is investigated through in situ Raman spectroscopy.The doping of Ag and Zn metals can enhance the adsorption of*CO on the catalyst,while the doping of Co and Pd metals can enhance the adsorption of*H on the catalyst.Hence,the increased*CO coverage on Ag-and Zn-doped CuNP promotes C2+generation,and the increased*H coverage of Co-and Pd-doped CuNPs enhances the C2H5OH/C2H4ratio.
基金supported by grants sanctioned to the first author from UGC NET(No.220510230085)grants received by the second and third authors from Institute of Eminence,DU,India as a part of the Faculty Research Program(no./IOE/2025-26/12/FRP).
摘要The primary objective of this study is to analyze the impact of promotional broadcasting campaigns on the view-count of YouTube videos,which is a crucial factor for revenue generation among YouTubers.To achieve this objective,various mathematical models are proposed and rigorously tested to understand the effects of these promotional strategies on video view-counts.Additionally,Distance-Based Analysis(DBA)is employed to rank the effectiveness of the proposed models.This dual approach ensures a robust assessment of how different broadcasting strategies influence view-counts.The analysis reveals that different broadcasting strategies yield varying levels of effectiveness,with some approaches leading to a more substantial increase in view-count than others.This study addresses a gap in the existing literature by focusing specifically on the broadcasting phenomenon,which has been scarcely explored.The findings provide valuable insights for content creators and marketers,with Model IV outperforming others across several datasets,demonstrating its robustness in capturing promotional impact.
摘要BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus remains an important occupational risk for healthcare trainees.Objective serology can verify protection and inform pre-placement clearance policies.AIM To assess hepatitis B vaccination status,occupational exposure,and serological protection among health sciences students in Albania.METHODS Cross-sectional study(April-June 2024)at the University of Vlore.Students completed a structured questionnaire(n=152);a consenting subset provided blood samples for hepatitis B surface antigen and anti-hepatitis B surface antibody(HBs)testing(n=134).Group comparisons usedχ2/Fisher’s exact tests and multivariable logistic regression for seroprotection(anti-HBs≥10 IU/L).RESULTS All tested participants were hepatitis B surface antigen negative(n=134).Overall,86.6%had protective anti-HBs(≥10 IU/L),including 76.2%with titers>100 IU/L;13.4%had anti-HBs<10 IU/L.Needlestick/sharps injuries were reported during training,supporting the need for standardized clearance and reporting pathways.CONCLUSION Most students had serological protection,but a meaningful minority lacked protective titers.Universities and training sites should implement pre-placement HB clearance with documented vaccination,mandatory anti-HBs testing,and structured catch-up/booster pathways.
摘要Cataracts are the leading cause of blindness worldwide.Fortunately,a highly effective and cost-efficient surgical treatment is available that can restore functional vision in most patients when performed with appropriate quality and followed by optical correction.The persistent global burden of cataracts reflects not a lack of effective treatment but rather limitations in access,quality,and continuity of care.In 2021,the World Health Assembly set a target of a 30 percentage-point increase in effective cataract surgical coverage(eCSC)by 2030[1].Cataract surgical coverage(CSC)measures the volume of surgeries performed based on the need for cataract surgery.eCSC incorporates postoperative visual outcomes,making it a more comprehensive measure of both access and quality.Therefore,it is a more appropriate indicator of health system performance than CSC.
基金National Social Science Fund project(Grant No.24FKSB033).
摘要As informal environmental regulation,green news coverage plays an increasingly significant role in corporate environmental governance and green innovation.However,current academic research on corporate green innovation primarily focuses on formal environmental regulation,with limited attention paid to the influence of green news coverage,particularly lacking in-depth studies on its impact mechanisms.Using a sample of Chinese A-share listed companies from 2008 to 2023,this study employs text analysis and fixed-effects models to comprehensively examine the impact of green news coverage on corporate green innovation and its transmission mechanisms.Empirical results indicate that green news coverage significantly promotes corporate green innovation,with positive coverage demonstrating particularly pronounced effects.Specifically,corporate environmental investment and environmental information disclosure levels serve as key internal mechanisms through which green news coverage influences green innovation.Environmental investment and disclosure act as partial or full mediators depending on the specific context.Heterogeneity analysis reveals that green news coverage significantly boosts green innovation in heavily polluting enterprises and those with environmental executives.Positive coverage exerts greater effects on mature firms,while negative coverage impacts growth-stage enterprises more profoundly.Against the backdrop of synergistic integration between the dual carbon goals and new productive forces,green news should fully leverage its incentive and oversight functions as informal environmental rules.This will help build a multi-stakeholder governance system to advance the transition toward a green ecological civilization.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52472417)to provide fund for conducting experiments.
摘要Complex multi-area collaborative coverage path planning in dynamic environments poses a significant challenge for multi-fixed-wing UAVs(multi-UAV).This study establishes a comprehensive framework that incorporates UAV capabilities,terrain,complex areas,and mission dynamics.A novel dynamic collaborative path planning algorithm is introduced,designed to ensure complete coverage of designated areas.This algorithm meticulously optimizes the operation,entry,and transition paths for each UAV,while also establishing evaluation metrics to refine coverage sequences for each area.Additionally,a three-dimensional path is computed utilizing an altitude descent method,effectively integrating twodimensional coverage paths with altitude constraints.The efficacy of the proposed approach is validated through digital simulations and mixed-reality semi-physical experiments across a variety of dynamic scenarios,including both single-area and multi-area coverage by multi-UAV.Results show that the coverage paths generated by this method significantly reduce both computation time and path length,providing a reliable solution for dynamic multi-UAV mission planning in semi-physical environments.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61773142,62303136)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2023M740912)Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF,China(No.GZC20233447).
摘要In this article,a three-dimensional cooperative guidance problem for highly maneuvering targets is investigated under the assumption of perfect information.Inspired by the coverage strategy,the cooperative guidance problem is decomposed into one-on-one guidance problems against predictive interception points.To expand the coverage area of each missile,these one-on-one guidance problems are formulated as flight path angle tracking problems,and the optimal error dynamics is extended to derive the guidance law analytically.In addition,through the introduction of the coverage probability model,the dynamic coverage strategy is proposed.The predictive interception points are updated online by maximizing the coverage probability,which aims to achieve successful interception despite variations in target acceleration.Furthermore,a switching strategy of the guidance command is designed for collision avoidance.Simulation results demonstrate that the missile group can cooperatively intercept a highly maneuvering target under the proposed guidance law.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants 62071189,62201220 and 62171189by the Key Research and Development Program of Hubei Province under Grant 2021BAA026 and 2020BAB120。
摘要As the problem of surface garbage pollution becomes more serious,it is necessary to improve the efficiency of garbage inspection and picking rather than traditional manual methods.Due to lightness,Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAVs)can traverse the entire water surface in a short time through their flight field of view.In addition,Unmanned Surface Vessels(USVs)can provide battery replacement and pick up garbage.In this paper,we innovatively establish a system framework for the collaboration between UAV and USVs,and develop an automatic water cleaning strategy.First,on the basis of the partition principle,we propose a collaborative coverage path algorithm based on UAV off-site takeoff and landing to achieve global inspection.Second,we design a task scheduling and assignment algorithm for USVs to balance the garbage loads based on the particle swarm optimization algorithm.Finally,based on the swarm intelligence algorithm,we also design an autonomous obstacle avoidance path planning algorithm for USVs to realize autonomous navigation and collaborative cleaning.The system can simultaneously perform inspection and clearance tasks under certain constraints.The simulation results show that the proposed algorithms have higher generality and flexibility while effectively improving computational efficiency and reducing actual cleaning costs compared with other schemes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42276001)2024 Qinhuangdao Social Science Development Research Project(Grant No.2024LX206)Hebei Agricultural University Research Project for Talented scholars(Grant No.YJ201835).
摘要Research has shown considerable variability in whitecap coverage(W)under low to moderate wind conditions.During an expedition to the Northwestern Pacific,oceanographic variables and photographic measurements were collected to investigate the influence of wave-induced stress on W within these wind ranges.The friction velocity was recalculated based on turbulent stress,and wind profiles were modified to account for wave-induced stress and swell presence on the sea surface.The study examined W’s relationship with multiple parameters,including friction velocity(u*),breaking wave Reynolds numbers,wavesea Reynolds numbers,and wave age.The analysis utilized both conventional u*and turbulent stress-based friction velocity(u*turb).When utilizing u*turb rather than u*,the estimation model’s fitting results revealed an increase in correlation coefficient(R2)from 0.51 to 0.62,and a decrease in root mean square error(RMSE)from 0.0652 to 0.0574.Additionally,when parameterizing W using the windsea Reynolds number,with u*turb replacing u*and wind wave height substituting mixed wave height,the R2 increased from 0.38 to 0.53,and the RMSE decreased from 0.0737 to 0.0668.The results demonstrate that calculating u*using the turbulent stress-based method,along with wind wave height and peak wave speed of mixed waves,yields stronger correlation with W.This correlation improvement stems from the inhibition of wave breaking by swell and wave-induced stress.The integration of turbulent stress and wind wave field measurements enhances the understanding of relationships between W and various parameters.However,swell effects on wind profiles do not substantially affect W estimation using wind speed-related parameters.
基金supported by the Chinese Association of Preventive Medicine-Vaccine and Immunization Youth Talent Support Project(CPMAQT-YM0314)。
摘要Influenza is a significant global public health challenge,with seasonal epidemics imposing substantial burdens on healthcare systems and vulnerable populations,causing 3 to 5 million severe cases and 290,000 to 650,000 respiratory-related deaths worldwide each year[1].Vaccines are an effective means of preventing influenza.In recent years,China has made progress in vaccine development and immunization strategies.The population is recommended to receive influenza vaccines annually;however,their coverage remain suboptimal[2].The World Health Organization(WHO)highlights that all countries should consider implementing seasonal influenza immunization programs,with priority groups determined based on local epidemiological contexts.In alignment with the Immunization Agenda 2030,the use of seasonal influenza vaccines contributes to strengthening the life course of immunization and serves as a critical component for addressing influenza pandemics,as outlined in the WHO Global Influenza Strategy 2019-2030.