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Some Thoughts on Promoting Global Governance in the Context of Decentralization 认领 引用
1
作者 Jia Qingguo 《Contemporary International Relations》 2026年第1期4-14,共11页
In recent years, the overall strength of Western developed countries, led by the United States, has declined relatively, resulting in a trend of decentralization. This has posed severe challenges to the traditional gl... In recent years, the overall strength of Western developed countries, led by the United States, has declined relatively, resulting in a trend of decentralization. This has posed severe challenges to the traditional global governance system with regard to trade, security, and multilateral cooperation. However, this trend also provides a historical opportunity to transform the global governance system into one that is more inclusive and equitable. This can be seen in the reconstruction of value priorities, the adjustment of governance focus, the reform of governance mechanisms, and the promotion of new mechanisms. Only by adhering to openness and inclusiveness and balancing rights and responsibilities can we build a future governance order that conforms to the common interests of all humanity. 展开更多
关键词 decentralization global governance Global Governance Initiative initiative diplomacy
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Optimal expenditure decentralization for sustainable development: evidence from a 52‑country panel analysis 认领 引用
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作者 Hui Jin Fu‑Sheng Tsai Jorge Martinez‑Vazquez 《Financial Innovation》 2025年第1期3229-3257,共29页
In response to the critical need to balance fiscal expenditure governance with sustainable development,this study identifies the optimal level of fiscal expenditure decentralization that enhances sustainable outcomes.... In response to the critical need to balance fiscal expenditure governance with sustainable development,this study identifies the optimal level of fiscal expenditure decentralization that enhances sustainable outcomes.The study aims to determine the optimal expenditure decentralization that maximizes sustainable development outcomes across these dimensions.Theoretically,we analyze the impact mechanism of expenditure decentralization on sustainable development and hypothesize that there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between them,along with the possibility of finding an optimal level of expenditure decentralization.We test this hypothesis by measuring sustainable development in the context of a panel data set for 52 countries covering the period 1991–2016 using the National Sustainable Development Index(NSDI).We find strong support for the inverted U-shaped relationship between expenditure decentralization and sustainable development in both the short and long run.Sustainable development is the coordination of economic,social,and environmental development to balance intergenerational welfare and maximize the total welfare of all generations.Excessive and insufficient expenditure decentralization can potentially negatively affect the efficiency of public goods provision and residents’utility,thereby adversely impacting total welfare and sustainable development.The results are robust to alternative specifications and to IV estimation to correct for potential endogeneity.The expenditure decentralization level most conducive to sustainable development lies between 30.9%and 34.5%.The optimal decentralization range was determined using the Lind–Mehlum method,supporting the main findings of this study.This research thus contributes to the literature by quantifying the complex relationship between fiscal decentralization policies and sustainable development,providing a clear,actionable pathway for policymakers seeking sustainable outcomes. 展开更多
关键词 Sustainable development Fiscal decentralization Public finance Optimal decentralization Government expenditure
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Navigating the Blockchain Trilemma:A Review of Recent Advances and Emerging Solutions in Decentralization,Security,and Scalability Optimization 认领 引用 被引量：3
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作者 Saha Reno Koushik Roy 《Computers, Materials & Continua》 SCIE EI 2025年第8期2061-2119,共59页
The blockchain trilemma—balancing decentralization,security,and scalability—remains a critical challenge in distributed ledger technology.Despite significant advancements,achieving all three attributes simultaneousl... The blockchain trilemma—balancing decentralization,security,and scalability—remains a critical challenge in distributed ledger technology.Despite significant advancements,achieving all three attributes simultaneously continues to elude most blockchain systems,often forcing trade-offs that limit their real-world applicability.This review paper synthesizes current research efforts aimed at resolving the trilemma,focusing on innovative consensus mechanisms,sharding techniques,layer-2 protocols,and hybrid architectural models.We critically analyze recent breakthroughs,including Directed Acyclic Graph(DAG)-based structures,cross-chain interoperability frameworks,and zero-knowledge proof(ZKP)enhancements,which aimto reconcile scalability with robust security and decentralization.Furthermore,we evaluate the trade-offs inherent in these approaches,highlighting their practical implications for enterprise adoption,decentralized finance(DeFi),and Web3 ecosystems.By mapping the evolving landscape of solutions,this review identifies gaps in currentmethodologies and proposes future research directions,such as adaptive consensus algorithms and artificial intelligence-driven(AI-driven)governance models.Our analysis underscores that while no universal solution exists,interdisciplinary innovations are progressively narrowing the trilemma’s constraints,paving the way for next-generation blockchain infrastructures. 展开更多
关键词 Blockchain trilemma scalability decentralization security consensus algorithms sharding layer-2 solutions DAG-based architectures cross-chain interoperability blockchain optimization
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Dynamic Evolutionary Game-Based Staking Pool Selection Modeling and Decentralization Enhancement for Blockchain System 认领 引用
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作者 Shasha Yu Yanan Qiao +2 位作者 Fan Yang Wenjia Zhao Junge Bo 《IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica》 SCIE EI CSCD 2025年第9期1850-1865,共16页
The proof-of-stake(PoS)mechanism is a consensus protocol within blockchain technology that determines the validation of transactions and the minting of new blocks based on the participant’s stake in the cryptocurrenc... The proof-of-stake(PoS)mechanism is a consensus protocol within blockchain technology that determines the validation of transactions and the minting of new blocks based on the participant’s stake in the cryptocurrency network.In contrast to proof-of-work(PoW),which relies on computational power to validate transactions,PoS employs a deterministic and resourceefficient approach to elect validators.Whereas,an inherent risk of PoS is the potential for centralization among a small cohort of network participants possessing substantial stakes,jeopardizing system decentralization and posing security threats.To mitigate centralization issues within PoS,this study introduces an incentive-aligned mechanism named decentralized proof-of-stake(DePoS),wherein the second-largest stakeholder is chosen as the final validator with a higher probability.Integrated with the verifiable random function(VRF),DePoS rewards the largest stakeholder with uncertainty,thus disincentivizing stakeholders from accumulating the largest stake.Additionally,a dynamic evolutionary game model is innovatively developed to simulate the evolution of staking pools,thus facilitating the investigation of staking pool selection dynamics and equilibrium stability across PoS and DePoS systems.The findings demonstrate that DePoS generally fosters wealth decentralization by discouraging the accumulation of significant cryptocurrency holdings.Through theoretical analysis of stakeholder predilection in staking pool selection and the simulation of the evolutionary tendency in pool scale,this research demonstrates the comparative advantage in decentralization offered by DePoS over the conventional PoS. 展开更多
关键词 Blockchain consensus mechanism decentralization evolutionary game proof-of-stake(PoS)
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A small step towards the epistemic decentralization of science:A dataset of journals and publications indexed in African Journals Online 认领 引用
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作者 Patricia Alonso-Álvarez 《Journal of Data and Information Science》 CSCD 2025年第4期104-121,共18页
Purpose:This paper examines African Journals Online(AJOL)as a bibliometric resource,providing a structured dataset of journal and publication metadata.In addition,it integrates AJOL data with OpenAlex to enhance metad... Purpose:This paper examines African Journals Online(AJOL)as a bibliometric resource,providing a structured dataset of journal and publication metadata.In addition,it integrates AJOL data with OpenAlex to enhance metadata coverage and improve interoperability with other bibliometric sources.Design/methodology/approach:The journal list and publications indexed in AJOL were retrieved using web scraping techniques.This paper details the database construction process,highlighting its strengths and limitations,and presents a descriptive analysis of AJOL’s indexed journals and publications.Findings:The publication analysis demonstrates a steady growth in the number of publications over time but reveals significant disparities in their distribution across African countries.This paper presents an example of the possibility of integrating both sources using author country data from OpenAlex.The analysis of author contributions reveals that African journals serve as both regional and international venues,confirming that African journals play a dual role in fostering both regional and global research engagement.Research limitations:While AJOL contains relevant information for identifying and providing insights about African publications and journals,its metadata are limited.Therefore,the kind of analysis that can be performed with the database presented here is also limited.The integration with OpenAlex aims to overcome some of the limitations.Finally,although some automatic citation procedures have been performed,the metadata has not been manually curated.Therefore,if errors or inaccuracies are present in the AJOL,they may be reproduced in this database.Practical implications:The database introduced in this article contributes to the accessibility of African scholarly publications by providing structured,accessible metadata derived from the AJOL.It facilitates bibliometric analyses that are more representative of African research activities.This contribution complements ongoing efforts to develop alternative data sources and infrastructure that better reflect the diversity of global knowledge production.Originality/value:This paper presents a novel database for bibliometric analysis and offers a detailed report of the retrieval and construction procedures.The inclusion of matched data with OpenAlex further enhances the database’s utility.By showcasing AJOL’s potential,this study contributes to the broader goal of fostering inclusivity and improving the representation of African research in global bibliometric analyses. 展开更多
关键词 Decentralization of science African journals online African science Data paper
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Fiscal Decentralization,Financial Decentralization and Macroeconomic Governance 认领 引用
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作者 He Dexu Miao Wenlong 《中国经济学人（中英文）》 2022年第1期84-105,共22页
Improvement of the macroeconomic governance system as an important part of the national governance system is a key initiative to address major economic problems in the new era.The coordination and economic regulatory ... Improvement of the macroeconomic governance system as an important part of the national governance system is a key initiative to address major economic problems in the new era.The coordination and economic regulatory effects of fiscal and monetary policies are subject to the arrangements of fiscal and financial decentralization systems.Analysis revealed a mismatch between China’s fiscal income decentralization and fiscal spending decentralization,as manifested in the clear decentralization of fiscal revenue and vague decentralization of fiscal spending;in pursuing local economic stability,local governments seek other sources of revenue and compete for financial resources,as manifested in apparent financial centralization and implicit financial decentralization,causing financial decentralization to be inconsistent between various levels of government and between government and the market.The above-mentioned problems are reflected in mutual conversion between public finance and financial intermediation as two financial allocation methods and mutual transmission between fiscal and financial risks,making the case for enhancing coordination between fiscal and monetary policies.In creating a scientific macroeconomic governance system,therefore,we must establish clear local government responsibilities,reduce the proportion of local fiscal spending,clarify the orientations and relief boundary of fiscal and monetary policies,moderately decentralize financial powers,and give better play to the role of local governments in improving the quality of economic development and controlling major risks. 展开更多
关键词 fiscal decentralization financial decentralization macroeconomic governance
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Interprovincial Effects of Fiscal Decentralization on Financial Decentralization in China 认领 引用
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作者 He Dexu Miao Wenlong 《中国经济学人（中英文）》 2017年第3期18-30,共13页
By motivating local governments to fght for financial resources, China＇s tax sharing reform has affected the structure of financial decentralization and inflated local financial systems, thus spawning regional financ... By motivating local governments to fght for financial resources, China＇s tax sharing reform has affected the structure of financial decentralization and inflated local financial systems, thus spawning regional financial risks. Based on theoretical analysis and empirical evidence, this paper has arrived at the following findings： due to different policy objectives, central and local governments exhibit different fiscal and financial behaviors; public finance and financial sector have become financing instruments with certain convertibility under local economic growth framework,＂ fiscal decentralization inevitably affects financial decentralization and lays the foundation for provincial fiscal disparities, resulting in a certain spatial effect of interprovincial fiscal variable; fnancial explicit centralization/implicit decentralization and fiscal centralization have fueled local competition for financial resources and resulted in correlation between the spatial effects of provincial financial and fiscal variables, and moreover, their mismatch has also spawned fiscal and financial risks on various fronts. Hence, setting clear boundaries of financial centralization and decentralization and ensuring local government fiscal accountability is the key to the prevention and mitigation of fiscal and financial risks in China. 展开更多
关键词 fiscal decentralization financial decentralization financial risks spatial effect
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Decentralization,spatial disequilibrium,and restructuring of coastal tourist destination-Empirical research from Sanya,China 认领 引用 被引量：2
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作者 Hu Yu Tian Chen +2 位作者 Kaiyong Wang Xiyue Zhang Fubiao Zhu 《Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment》 2014年第1期68-79,共12页
The objective of this article is to speculate on resort restructuring in the market-oriented reform process in China.Previous studies show that spatial disequilibrium was aggravated by decentralization,which leads to ... The objective of this article is to speculate on resort restructuring in the market-oriented reform process in China.Previous studies show that spatial disequilibrium was aggravated by decentralization,which leads to the difference in tourism policy and investment,public goods,and service;a profound analytical framework is much needed for further empirical studies.This article has reviewed the relevant studies on links between decentralization and restructuring,spatial influences of decentralization on tourism,based on which we put forward the theoretical framework of resort spatial restructuring from the view of political economy analysis,then we elaborate on and discuss it based on the example of Sanya,China.In short,the article suggests that decentralization of fiscal responsibilities and institutional power contributes to the spatial disequilibrium of tourism industrial structure,land use,public infrastructure and service facilities,and to community inequality.Interests of government,investors,and community should be comprehensively coordinated in the resort spatial restructuring process from three aspects:restructuring government,optimizing space structure,and tourism industry.Furthermore,we argue that resort restructuring in the context of Sanya requires coordination of various interest groups through four ways:restructure the government power under administrative division adjustment,optimizing spatial structure,expanding industrial space to diversified tourism products,and building resort management services organization.Finally,we discussed some policy requirements for resort sustainable development. 展开更多
关键词 coastal resort spatial disequilibrium decentralization spatial restructuring Sanya
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Revisiting the nexus between fiscal decentralization and CO2emissions in South Africa:fresh policy insights 认领 引用 被引量：2
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作者 Maxwell Chukwudi Udeagha Marthinus Christoffel Breitenbach 《Financial Innovation》 2023年第1期1384-1429,共46页
The argument over fiscal decentralization and carbon dioxide emission(CO2)reduction has received much attention.However,evidence to back this claim is limited.Economic theory predicts that fiscal decentralization a... The argument over fiscal decentralization and carbon dioxide emission(CO2)reduction has received much attention.However,evidence to back this claim is limited.Economic theory predicts that fiscal decentralization affects environmental quality,but the specifics of this relationship are still up for debate.Some scholars noted that fiscal decentralization might lead to a race to the top,whereas others contended that it would result in a race to the bottom.In light of the current debates in environmental and development economics,this study aims to provide insight into how this relationship may function in South Africa from 1960 to 2020.In contrast to the existing research,the present study uses a novel dynamic autoregressive distributed lag simulation approach to assess the positive and negative changes in fiscal decentralization,scale effect,technique effect,technological innovation,foreign direct investment,energy consumption,industrial growth,and trade openness on CO2emissions.The following are the main findings:(i)Fiscal decentralization had a CO2emission reduction impact in the short and long run,highlighting the presence of the race to the top approach.(ii)Economic growth(as represented by the scale effect)eroded ecological integrity.However,its square(as expressed by technique effect)aided in strengthening ecological protection,validating the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis.(iii)CO2emissions were driven by energy utilization,trade openness,industrial value-added,and foreign direct investment,whereas technological innovation boosted ecological integrity.Findings suggest that further fiscal decentralization should be undertaken through further devolution of power to local entities,particularly regarding environmental policy issues,to maintain South Africa’s ecological sustainability.South Africa should also establish policies to improve environmental sustainability by strengthening a lower layer of government and clarifying responsibilities at the national and local levels to fulfill the energy-saving functions of fiscal expenditures. 展开更多
关键词 Fiscal decentralization Trade openness CO2emissions Dynamic ARDL simulations Energy consumption EKC Cointegration Economic growth Industrial value-added South Africa
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China's Development Modeli:the Costs and Benefits of the Decentralization Approach to Transition 认领 引用 被引量：1
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作者 张晏 王永钦 +2 位作者 章元 陈钊 陆铭 《中国经济学人（中英文）》 2007年第4期22-33,共12页
This article provides a coherent framework within which to understand China’s development model,as well as the successes and the failures of China’s decentralization approach to reform.The combination of political c... This article provides a coherent framework within which to understand China’s development model,as well as the successes and the failures of China’s decentralization approach to reform.The combination of political centralization and economic decentralization provide local government with enough incentives to develop local economies,in particular incentives to promote market privatisation locally.However,the relative evaluation-based incentive schemes lead to inter- regional market segmentation,increasing inter-regional development gaps and the unequal provision of certain public goods.The success of early-stage reform can be attributed to the benefits of the decentralization approach.The next stage reform should however focus on minimizing the associated costs.China’s gradualist reform can be seen as a mechanism design issue under the control of central government.Therefore,it is essential to take both the costs and benefits of the decentralization approach into account in the design of the next-stage reform package. 展开更多
关键词 Decentralization approach Benefits Costs Mechanism design
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A CASE STUDY ON CONCENTRATION AND DECENTRALIZATION:BEHAVIOR AND DYN AMIC MECHANISM OF SPATIAL EVOLUTION IN METROPOLITAN AREA,NANJING,CHINA 认领 引用 被引量：2
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作者 ZHU Xi-gang,ZHANG Jing-xiang,CHEN Hu 《Chinese Geographical Science》 SCIE 2002年第3期212-217,共6页
In rapid socio-economic developme nt,the process of concentration and dispersal of various elements tends to be more dramatic,tremendously in fluencing the shaping and transform ation of the space in metropolitan area... In rapid socio-economic developme nt,the process of concentration and dispersal of various elements tends to be more dramatic,tremendously in fluencing the shaping and transform ation of the space in metropolitan area.Survey of spatial concentration and decent ralization has thus become a basic me thod in examining metropolitan spatial evolution.In this research,three elements were selected as the essential indicato rs of the process:demographic density distribu-tion,employment density distribut ion and business office location.Performance of these elements in Nanji ng City was exam-ined historically.As Nanjing City c ould be regarded as a representative of metropolitan areas in China,its s ituation large-ly suggestes the general characteristics in similar areas of China.Hence based on the investigation of Nanji ng City,four general implications were highligh ted.First,metropolitan areas inChina are in a violentprocess and shift of spatialconcentra-tion and decentralization.Second,from now to at least the near future,c oncentration will continue to be the central fea-ture.Third,the landscape of metrop olitan areas basically exhibits a dual structure character.The gap in en vironmental and ecological qualities among different districts will continue for a l ong time.Fourth,Central Business District(CBD)is playing an important role in helpi ng to convert the traditionally single-centered city structure into a polycentric one. 展开更多
关键词 concentration decentralization dynamic mechanism nanjing metropolis
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Study on Decentralization of Spherical Amphibious Multi-robot Control System Based on Smart Contract and Blockchain 认领 引用
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作者 Shuxiang Guo Sheng Cao Jian Guo 《Journal of Bionic Engineering》 SCIE EI CSCD 2021年第6期1317-1330,共14页
With the development of intelligent bionic robots and the improvement of military application,a single robot cannot meet the requirements of the tasks of the current era.The more complex tasks require not only that th... With the development of intelligent bionic robots and the improvement of military application,a single robot cannot meet the requirements of the tasks of the current era.The more complex tasks require not only that the robot be able to pass through the field barriers and the amphibious environment,but also that the robot be able to collaborate in a multi-robot system.Consequently,research on the multi-robot control system of spherical amphibious robots is very important.Presently,the main research on amphibious robots is to improve the functions of a single robot,in the absence of the study of the multi-robot control system.Existing systems primarily use a centralized control methodology.Although the transfer of central node can be achieved,there is still a problem of Byzantine fault tolerance in military applications,that is,when the amphibious multi-robot system is invaded by the enemy.The central node may not only fail to accomplish the task,but also lose control of other robots,with severe consequences.To solve the above problems,this paper proposed a decentralized method of spherical amphibious multi-robot control system based on blockchain technology.First,the point-to-point information network based on long range radio technology of low power wide area network was set up,we designed the blockchain system for embedded application environment and the decentralized hardware and software architecture of multi-robot control system.On this basis,the consensus plugin,smart contract and decentralized multi-robot control algorithm were designed to achieve decentralization.The experimental results of consensus of spherical amphibious multi-robot showed the effectiveness of the decentralization. 展开更多
关键词 Amphibious robot Blockchain Smart contract Control system Decentralization
County-Level Tax Sharing:A Statistical Basis for Measuring China's Fiscal Decentralization 认领 引用
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作者 Mao Jie Lv Bingyang Chen Peixia 《中国经济学人（中英文）》 2019年第2期66-80,共15页
Controversies exist in literature regarding what indicators should be employed to measure China's fiscal decentralization. This paper measures China's fiscal decentralization by the sharing ratios of county-le... Controversies exist in literature regarding what indicators should be employed to measure China's fiscal decentralization. This paper measures China's fiscal decentralization by the sharing ratios of county-level VAT and corporate income tax(CIT). This approach avoids such problems as homogeneous denominator, and reflects the intricate interactions between governments at different levels. Based on extensive sources including the National Fiscal Statistical Information at Prefecture and County Levels and China County(City) Socio-Economic Statistical Yearbook over the 1998-2007 period, our estimation and analysis led to the following findings:(1) Since 2002, counties have retained a falling share of revenues;(2) a multidimensional horizontal comparison reveals a pattern in the county-level tax sharing ratio, i.e. counties in central and eastern regions retain a higher share of tax revenues compared with those in western and northwestern regions.These findings explain the fiscal difficulties at the grassroots level, and can be used to conduct a quantitative analysis of the determinants and economic effects of China's fiscal decentralization." 展开更多
关键词 fiscal decentralization tax sharing VAT corporate income tax(CIT)
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Local Government Behavior behind China's Excessive Investment under Decentralization——Theoretical and Empirical Analysis Based on Manufacturing Sector 认领 引用
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作者 段国蕊 臧旭恒 《中国经济学人（中英文）》 2014年第4期86-98,共13页
This paper investigates the effect of local government intervention on capital deepening of manufacturing sector by using interprovincial panel data sets of 28 Chinese provinces,municipalities and autonomous regions b... This paper investigates the effect of local government intervention on capital deepening of manufacturing sector by using interprovincial panel data sets of 28 Chinese provinces,municipalities and autonomous regions between 1994 and 2011.Theoretical research indicates that as a transitional economy,China's local government intervention in corporate investment behaviors will cause excessive investment,thus bringing about a long-term and sustained tendency of capital deepening in manufacturing sector.Empirical test further discovers that in a certain range,the phenomenon of capital deepening in manufacturing sector is not an inevitable result endogenous to economic development and technology progress,and that investment behaviors of manufacturing sector are largely subject to the external institutional environment.Fiscal decentralization has indeed promoted capital deepening of manufacturing sector.Financial credit expansion and interventions in SOEs are major instruments for local governments to intervene in the capital deepening of manufacturing sector and such an influence is particularly significant for China's central,western and northeast regions.Therefore,clarifying government functions and improving local government performance review mechanism are of great significance to the healthy development of China's manufacturing sector. 展开更多
关键词 fiscal decentralization local government behavior excessive investment capital deepening
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Fiscal Decentralization and Economic Growth in China: A Meta-Regression Analysis 认领 引用
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作者 谢贞发 张玮 《中国经济学人（中英文）》 2016年第5期28-42,共15页
In order to test whether the major empirical results on the ＂relationship between fiscal decentralization and economic growth in China＂ are affected by study characteristics, this paper conducts a meta-analysis of t... In order to test whether the major empirical results on the ＂relationship between fiscal decentralization and economic growth in China＂ are affected by study characteristics, this paper conducts a meta-analysis of the major existing empirical literature. Our analysis indicates that some empirical results on how China＇s jqscal decentralization affects economic growth are subject to different study characteristics. In particular, empirical results that fiscal decentralization has ＂significant positive effect＂ on economic growth are subject to such study characteristics as ＂region, labor and capital growth rate, other reforms and intra-budget capital.＂ Through the funnel plot asymmetry test, the problem of publication bias is found to exist in the sampled literature and is concentrated in spending decentralization. 展开更多
关键词 fiscal decentralization economic growth meta-analysis
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CHINA'S REGIONAL DISPARITY IN 1981-2000:OPENNESS AND DEVELOPMENT OF NON-STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES AND FISCAL DECENTRALIZATION 认领 引用 被引量：2
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作者 SHENBing 《Chinese Geographical Science》 SCIE 2004年第2期97-103,共7页
While China's economic growth has been impressive since 1978, regional disparity in terms of provincial per capita GDP has been increasing. On the other hand, this rapid but uneven growth was accompanied by China&... While China's economic growth has been impressive since 1978, regional disparity in terms of provincial per capita GDP has been increasing. On the other hand, this rapid but uneven growth was accompanied by China's deepening openness and structural reforms including the development of non-state-owned enterprises (non-SOEs) and fiscal decentralization. Based on quantitative analyses, this paper tries to explore the features of regional disparity in China and the relationships between regional growth and China's openness and economic structure reforms in the period from 1981 to 2000. The paper finds that the catching-up of the coastal region to the initially rich provinces, which are mainly located in inland areas, brought about a convergence of the growth pattern across provinces in the 1980s.The subsequent divergence in the provincial growth rates between the coast and the interior generated an enlarging regional disparity in China in the 1990s. The ever-faster growth in the coastal region was benefited by China's openness and the development of non-state-owned enterprises. The development of non-state-owned enterprises underlies the higher operational efficiency in the coastal region. Additionally, with the insignificant regression results, fiscal decentralization was observed to facilitate faster growth in the coast region. The findings justify the initiative of the 'West Region Development Strategy' and offer some policy implications for China. 展开更多
关键词 regional disparity convergence divergence stiuctural reforms non-state-owned enterprises fiscal decentralization
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Foreign direct investment and environmental pollution:A fiscal decentralization perspective 认领 引用
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作者 Xia Chen Xiangdong Liang 《Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment》 2021年第1期34-40,共7页
Based on the panel data of 272 prefecture-level cities in China from 2003 to 2017,this study used the comprehensive index of environmental pollution to measure local environmental pollution,and employed the panel simu... Based on the panel data of 272 prefecture-level cities in China from 2003 to 2017,this study used the comprehensive index of environmental pollution to measure local environmental pollution,and employed the panel simultaneous equation to analyze the relationship between fiscal decentralization,foreign direct investment,and environmental pollution.The results showed that environmental pollution has the characteristics of time inertia and positive spatial spillover;fiscal decentralization and local government competition have a significant“race to bottom”effect on environmental pollution;and with the increase of fiscal decentralization,environmental quality will deteriorate.In the interaction between foreign direct investment and environmental pollution under the system of fiscal decentralization,foreign direct investment aggravates environmental pollution.Meanwhile,if the environmental pollution in a given region is serious,the willingness of foreign investors to invest therein is lessened to a certain extent.Based on the conditions in China,certain policy suggestions are put forward to increase environmental quality,such as building a comprehensive performance assessment mechanism that includes environmental quality,optimizing the decentralization system,and raising the threshold of foreign investment access. 展开更多
关键词 Fiscal decentralization Foreign direct investment Environmental pollution Panel simultaneous equation
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Effect of Acute Volume Loading on LV Function after Acute Cardiac Decentralization in Anesthetized Canines 认领 引用
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作者 John G. Kingma Denys Simard Jacques R. Rouleau 《World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases》 CAS 2016年第4期81-87,共7页
The present study investigated the role of cardiac nerves on homeometric autoregulation in anesthetized dogs during acute volume loading. Ventricular pressure-volume loops (conductance catheter method) were constructe... The present study investigated the role of cardiac nerves on homeometric autoregulation in anesthetized dogs during acute volume loading. Ventricular pressure-volume loops (conductance catheter method) were constructed during acute volume loading with intact cardiac nerves (ICN) and after cardiac decentralization (DCN;bilateral ablation of thoracic vagosympathetic complexes, stellate ganglia and anterior and posterior ansae subclavia). Arterial pressure increased as expected after volume loading but no significant changes were observed for heart rate and other hemodynamic parameters. Coronary sinus venous oxygen content was also higher regardless of nerve status in response to the overall increase in cardiac work. Pressure-volume catheter data showed markedly higher end-systolic volumes after volume loading under ICN and DCN conditions;stroke volume (mL/beat) and stroke work (mL/mm Hg) were not changed but LV ejection fraction was significantly lower. End-diastolic volume and cardiac output did not change. In addition, systemic vascular resistance and tau were higher with volume loading but no differences between ICN and DCN were observed. These findings show that acute volume loading produces an immediate influence on LV function independent of cardiac nerve status. 展开更多
关键词 Extracardiac Nerves Intrinsic Cardiac Neurons Cardiac Decentralization Left Ventricular Function
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Land Use and Land Cover Changes in Awash National Park, Ethiopia: Impact of Decentralization on the Use and Management of Resources 认领 引用 被引量：2
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作者 Solomon Belay Aklilu Amsalu Eyualem Abebe 《Open Journal of Ecology》 2014年第15期950-960,共11页
We analyzed the magnitude of land use land cover changes and identified drivers of those changes at Awash National Park, Ethiopia, using aerial photographs, satellite images and field observation. Scattered bushland—... We analyzed the magnitude of land use land cover changes and identified drivers of those changes at Awash National Park, Ethiopia, using aerial photographs, satellite images and field observation. Scattered bushland—the most important habitat for the wild animals, declined drastically. Areas under grassland, farmland or open land increased over the study period. Policy and park border demarcation issues were identified as drivers of change before 1995 (before decentralization), whereas livestock grazing was indicated to be the leading driver of change after 1995. Major events and causes that largely explained these changes include immigration of the Ittu community, land tenure system, drought, poaching, use policy issues and regional economic and infrastructural development. Our study reveals that the sustainability of the park calls for an immediate action to reduce the ever increasing human and livestock pressure on park resources. 展开更多
关键词 Land Use Land Cover Decentralization Geographic Information System (GIS) Awash National Park Ethiopia
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Optimizing Decentralization of Management andExploitation of Irrigation Works in Quan Lo-Phung HiepRegion, Mekong River Delta 认领 引用
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作者 Nguyen Due Viet Nguyen Van Tinh +1 位作者 Nguyen Tung Phong Dang Ngoc Hanh 《Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A)》 2016年第5期314-323,共10页
In Vietnam as well as many countries which apply the irrigated agriculture over the world, the process of promoting thesocialization trend in irrigation for the basic irrigation organizations, of which the main factor... In Vietnam as well as many countries which apply the irrigated agriculture over the world, the process of promoting thesocialization trend in irrigation for the basic irrigation organizations, of which the main factor is water users, is very important. Thispaper aimed to optimize the decentralization of management and exploitation of irrigation works for water users, organizations inQuan Lo-Phung Hiep irrigation system of Mekong River Delta. The research has implemented a survey on 384 water users alongfour canals of level 2 of Quan Lo-Phung Hiep irrigation system under two sets of index： （1） water users＇ perception assessment of theirrigation works （14 indicators） and （2） assessment of the management efficiency in the irrigation works （six indicators）. Theresearch proposes the decentralization process from building, After determining the correlation coefficients, the multi-objective linearregression equation will be shown on six single objective functions. With the aim at achieving the highest efficiency in themanagement and exploitation of the irrigation works, there should be a shift in terms of the water users＇ perception of the irrigationworks. These study results also demonstrate that about 65%-68% of the change in the indicators of the exploitation efficiency in theirrigation works is explained by some water users＇ perception indexes of irrigation works, including the quality of irrigation service andthe output efficiency in agricultural production. By using the algorithm for multi-objective optimization problem, the optimal results inperception are determined. The input data is generated for the matrix supporting the decision making, and the decentralization ofmanagement and exploitation of irrigation works meets the three criteria, i.e., effectiveness, sustainability and flexibility. 展开更多
关键词 Decentralization, irrigation management and exploitation, water user, irrigation services, Quan Lo-Phung Hiep, MekongRiver Delta.
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