The fractal structure shown by the poligonal created by unions of middle points of vertices, nodes or peaks of dendograms terminal classes is presented. Its generating fractal, the details of its construction, and the...The fractal structure shown by the poligonal created by unions of middle points of vertices, nodes or peaks of dendograms terminal classes is presented. Its generating fractal, the details of its construction, and the way to measure its segments are defined; its property of inverted scale, the type of meshing, its property of axial symmetry and a theorem on transformation of linear affinity are considered. This is exemplified by means of one application with real data.展开更多
Negotiation is both an important topic in multi-agent systems research and an important aspect of daily life. Many real-world negotiations are complex and involve multiple interdependent issues, therefore, there has b...Negotiation is both an important topic in multi-agent systems research and an important aspect of daily life. Many real-world negotiations are complex and involve multiple interdependent issues, therefore, there has been increasing interest in such negotiations. Existing nonlinear automated negotiation protocols have difficulty in finding solutions when the number of issues and agents is large. In automated negotiations covering multiple independent issues, it is useful to separate out the issues and reach separate agreements on each in turn. In this paper, we propose an effective approach to automated negotiations based on recursive partitioning using an issue dendrogram. A mediator first finds partial agreements in each sub-space based on bids from the agents, then combines them to produce the final agreement. When it cannot find a solution, our proposed method recursively decomposes the negotiation sub-problems using an issue dendrogram. In addition, it can improve the quality of agreements by considering previously-found partial consensuses. We also demonstrate experimentally that our protocol generates higher-optimality outcomes with greater scalability than previous methods.展开更多
Many fields,such as neuroscience,are experiencing the vast prolife ration of cellular data,underscoring the need fo r organizing and interpreting large datasets.A popular approach partitions data into manageable subse...Many fields,such as neuroscience,are experiencing the vast prolife ration of cellular data,underscoring the need fo r organizing and interpreting large datasets.A popular approach partitions data into manageable subsets via hierarchical clustering,but objective methods to determine the appropriate classification granularity are missing.We recently introduced a technique to systematically identify when to stop subdividing clusters based on the fundamental principle that cells must differ more between than within clusters.Here we present the corresponding protocol to classify cellular datasets by combining datadriven unsupervised hierarchical clustering with statistical testing.These general-purpose functions are applicable to any cellular dataset that can be organized as two-dimensional matrices of numerical values,including molecula r,physiological,and anatomical datasets.We demonstrate the protocol using cellular data from the Janelia MouseLight project to chara cterize morphological aspects of neurons.展开更多
The present study investigated the genetic diversity of 24 germplasms of Polianthes tuberosa L.via 16 inter simple sequence repeat(ISSR)marker techniques.The research findings revealed that the ISSR markers presented ...The present study investigated the genetic diversity of 24 germplasms of Polianthes tuberosa L.via 16 inter simple sequence repeat(ISSR)marker techniques.The research findings revealed that the ISSR markers presented higher levels of band reproducibility andweremore efficient at clustering germplasms.Among the 16markers examined in this study,12 had a complete polymorphism rate of 100%.Themolecular analysis revealed a PICranging from0.079 to 0.373,with amean value of 0.30,whereas the range of themarker index was from0.0001 to 0.409,with an average value of 0.03,and the primer resolving power ranged from 0.173 to 4.173,with a mean value of 2.02.The UPGMA clustering dendrogram indicated that all 24 germplasms were grouped into three main clusters.The study revealed a variable range of tree distances between 0.185 and 0.621,with the highest tree distance(0.621)detected between germplasms BR-24 and BR-1.Through these studies,the dissimilarity among the germplasms was evaluated,and diverse parents were identified for further crop improvement programs.展开更多
Chinese fir [Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook] is a major timber tree species in China. In the pre- sent study, sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers were used to evaluate the polymorphisms, d...Chinese fir [Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook] is a major timber tree species in China. In the pre- sent study, sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers were used to evaluate the polymorphisms, diversity, and relationships in a collection of Chinese fir elite genotypes (n = 103) from the Lechang provenance, an endangered provenance. Thirty-five SRAP primer combinations produced 620 bands among the tested 103 Lechang provenance genotypes and 17 nonSLechang provenance genotypes; 577 (93.1%) of these were polymorphic, yielding an average of 16.5 polymorphic bands per primer combination. Of the SRAP primer combinations (n = 35), I4 ones identified 〉70.0 % of the 120 genotypes. The Mel2-Eml9 combination had the strongest discriminatory ability with 93.3 % of the genotypes iden- tified. An UPGMA dendrogram further showed that most of the Lechang provenance genotypes (87.4 %) grouped together (Cluster A). The Lechang genotypes had a con- siderable amount of genetic variation with genetic simi- larity from 0.40 to 0.81. The current work may facilitate the management of the endangered Lechang Chinese fir provenance.展开更多
Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD)is a tremendously convenient approach used to discriminate between Brassica species owing to its accuracy and speed.RAPD primers generate adequate genetic information that can b...Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD)is a tremendously convenient approach used to discriminate between Brassica species owing to its accuracy and speed.RAPD primers generate adequate genetic information that can be used in the primer-marker system.In this work,twenty RAPD-PCR based markers were executed to generate polymorphic data,like polymorphic information content(PIC),mean resolving power(MRP),resolving power(RP),effective multiplex ratio(EMR),and marker index(MI)for the first time and genetic distance among and between six Brassica species were calculated.Our results indicated that 20 primers produced a total of 231 scored band and generated 87%polymorphic bands.Average PIC,MRP,RP,MI,and EMR values were 0.088,0.65,6.7,0.78,and 8.9,respectively.PIC showed an overall negative correlation with MRP,RP,MI,and EMR,whereas MRP,RP,and EMR,were positively correlated with each other.Genetic identities ranged from 41.99%(between Brassica napus and Brassica oleracea)to 68.83%(between Brassica campestris and Brassica oleracea).Dendrogram results showed no clustering between species except between Brassica campestris and Brassica nigra.Nevertheless,these results will be helpful to acquire useful information about the markers and their use to determine the genomic structures of Brassica species.Further,based on genetic distance and polymorphic information,new hybrids can be developed for effective oilseed production.展开更多
摘要The fractal structure shown by the poligonal created by unions of middle points of vertices, nodes or peaks of dendograms terminal classes is presented. Its generating fractal, the details of its construction, and the way to measure its segments are defined; its property of inverted scale, the type of meshing, its property of axial symmetry and a theorem on transformation of linear affinity are considered. This is exemplified by means of one application with real data.
摘要Negotiation is both an important topic in multi-agent systems research and an important aspect of daily life. Many real-world negotiations are complex and involve multiple interdependent issues, therefore, there has been increasing interest in such negotiations. Existing nonlinear automated negotiation protocols have difficulty in finding solutions when the number of issues and agents is large. In automated negotiations covering multiple independent issues, it is useful to separate out the issues and reach separate agreements on each in turn. In this paper, we propose an effective approach to automated negotiations based on recursive partitioning using an issue dendrogram. A mediator first finds partial agreements in each sub-space based on bids from the agents, then combines them to produce the final agreement. When it cannot find a solution, our proposed method recursively decomposes the negotiation sub-problems using an issue dendrogram. In addition, it can improve the quality of agreements by considering previously-found partial consensuses. We also demonstrate experimentally that our protocol generates higher-optimality outcomes with greater scalability than previous methods.
基金supported in part by NIH grants R01NS39600,U01MH114829RF1MH128693(to GAA)。
摘要Many fields,such as neuroscience,are experiencing the vast prolife ration of cellular data,underscoring the need fo r organizing and interpreting large datasets.A popular approach partitions data into manageable subsets via hierarchical clustering,but objective methods to determine the appropriate classification granularity are missing.We recently introduced a technique to systematically identify when to stop subdividing clusters based on the fundamental principle that cells must differ more between than within clusters.Here we present the corresponding protocol to classify cellular datasets by combining datadriven unsupervised hierarchical clustering with statistical testing.These general-purpose functions are applicable to any cellular dataset that can be organized as two-dimensional matrices of numerical values,including molecula r,physiological,and anatomical datasets.We demonstrate the protocol using cellular data from the Janelia MouseLight project to chara cterize morphological aspects of neurons.
基金funded by Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya,IndiaBangladesh Wheat and Maize Research Institute,Dinajpur 5200,Bangladeshfunded by Taif University,Saudi Arabia,Project No.(TU-DSPP-2025-30).
摘要The present study investigated the genetic diversity of 24 germplasms of Polianthes tuberosa L.via 16 inter simple sequence repeat(ISSR)marker techniques.The research findings revealed that the ISSR markers presented higher levels of band reproducibility andweremore efficient at clustering germplasms.Among the 16markers examined in this study,12 had a complete polymorphism rate of 100%.Themolecular analysis revealed a PICranging from0.079 to 0.373,with amean value of 0.30,whereas the range of themarker index was from0.0001 to 0.409,with an average value of 0.03,and the primer resolving power ranged from 0.173 to 4.173,with a mean value of 2.02.The UPGMA clustering dendrogram indicated that all 24 germplasms were grouped into three main clusters.The study revealed a variable range of tree distances between 0.185 and 0.621,with the highest tree distance(0.621)detected between germplasms BR-24 and BR-1.Through these studies,the dissimilarity among the germplasms was evaluated,and diverse parents were identified for further crop improvement programs.
基金supported by the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(No.31200506)the Special Fund for Forest Scientific Research in the Public Welfare(No.201404127)+1 种基金the Special Plan for the Cultivation of High-level Talents of Guangdong(No.2014TQ01N140)the National‘863’Project of the 12th Five-Year Plan in China(2011AA100203)
摘要Chinese fir [Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook] is a major timber tree species in China. In the pre- sent study, sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers were used to evaluate the polymorphisms, diversity, and relationships in a collection of Chinese fir elite genotypes (n = 103) from the Lechang provenance, an endangered provenance. Thirty-five SRAP primer combinations produced 620 bands among the tested 103 Lechang provenance genotypes and 17 nonSLechang provenance genotypes; 577 (93.1%) of these were polymorphic, yielding an average of 16.5 polymorphic bands per primer combination. Of the SRAP primer combinations (n = 35), I4 ones identified 〉70.0 % of the 120 genotypes. The Mel2-Eml9 combination had the strongest discriminatory ability with 93.3 % of the genotypes iden- tified. An UPGMA dendrogram further showed that most of the Lechang provenance genotypes (87.4 %) grouped together (Cluster A). The Lechang genotypes had a con- siderable amount of genetic variation with genetic simi- larity from 0.40 to 0.81. The current work may facilitate the management of the endangered Lechang Chinese fir provenance.
摘要Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD)is a tremendously convenient approach used to discriminate between Brassica species owing to its accuracy and speed.RAPD primers generate adequate genetic information that can be used in the primer-marker system.In this work,twenty RAPD-PCR based markers were executed to generate polymorphic data,like polymorphic information content(PIC),mean resolving power(MRP),resolving power(RP),effective multiplex ratio(EMR),and marker index(MI)for the first time and genetic distance among and between six Brassica species were calculated.Our results indicated that 20 primers produced a total of 231 scored band and generated 87%polymorphic bands.Average PIC,MRP,RP,MI,and EMR values were 0.088,0.65,6.7,0.78,and 8.9,respectively.PIC showed an overall negative correlation with MRP,RP,MI,and EMR,whereas MRP,RP,and EMR,were positively correlated with each other.Genetic identities ranged from 41.99%(between Brassica napus and Brassica oleracea)to 68.83%(between Brassica campestris and Brassica oleracea).Dendrogram results showed no clustering between species except between Brassica campestris and Brassica nigra.Nevertheless,these results will be helpful to acquire useful information about the markers and their use to determine the genomic structures of Brassica species.Further,based on genetic distance and polymorphic information,new hybrids can be developed for effective oilseed production.