Based on 2014-2024 data from China’s Ministry of Education National Education Development Statistical Bulletin,this study explores the ten-year development trends and quality improvement paths of China’s higher educ...Based on 2014-2024 data from China’s Ministry of Education National Education Development Statistical Bulletin,this study explores the ten-year development trends and quality improvement paths of China’s higher education.It finds that the gross higher education enrollment rate rose from 37.5%to 60.8%over the decade,achieving a leap from popularization to accessibility,with significant growth in enrollment scale,institutional count,and resource investment.However,scale expansion has triggered quality challenges:fluctuating student-faculty ratios,imbalanced type structure,and lagging per capita resource growth.Enrollment growth has no significant linear correlation with full-time faculty growth,but a highly significant positive correlation with student-faculty ratio growth.The study proposes optimizing quality paths via a scale-quality linkage mechanism,faculty structure optimization,increased resource investment,and improved type structure,to provide empirical support and policy reference for China’s higher education transformation from scale-driven to connotation-based high-quality development.展开更多
Modern hydrometallurgy has been developing for more than 100 years and the related articles keep piling up.Based on a bibliometric analysis of the articles in Hydrometallurgy,the most authoritative journal in the fiel...Modern hydrometallurgy has been developing for more than 100 years and the related articles keep piling up.Based on a bibliometric analysis of the articles in Hydrometallurgy,the most authoritative journal in the field of hydrometallurgy,we try to catch the research and development trends from a global perspective.Firstly,keywords burstness shows that rare earth,recycling,lithium,ionic liquid,and thorium are the hotspots in recent years,and the economic and technological reasons behind them were discussed in depth.Secondly,the proportion of biohydrometallurgy grows fast from 5%to 13%and the related articles are almost all about bioleaching.There are some new directions such as direct preparation of materials in hydrometallurgical processes and ion-imprinted techniques.Thirdly,the advanced instrument analysis methods such as XAFS(X-ray absorption fine structure),gene sequencing,and micro-CT promote the deep understanding of hydrometallurgy mechanism.Finally,the cooperation network and contribution of the main institutes were mapped.展开更多
The major contemporary in road pavement engineering is related to the creation of green and sustainable infrastructures,e.g.,reduction of environmental impacts,increase in traffic safety,and transportation efficiency,...The major contemporary in road pavement engineering is related to the creation of green and sustainable infrastructures,e.g.,reduction of environmental impacts,increase in traffic safety,and transportation efficiency,etc.This review presents the recent trends in research and the technical solutions developed so far to address these challenges.After the analysis of research status in the past decades,a novel technology system of eco-friendly pavements is proposed considering two solutions,materials modification and structure improvement.The construction of an eco-friendly pavement can be achieved thanks to several different technologies ensuring permeable,noise-reducing,self-luminous,and exhaust-decomposing properties as well as apporting lower heat absorbing and enhanced anti-/de-icing characteristics.A systematic review of these technologies is presented pivoting on four main aspects:technical principle,material and structural composition,performance evaluation,and engineering application.The current trend in road engineering is combining the pavement infrastructure with various eco-friendly functions,e.g.,water permeability,noise reduction,low heat absorption,exhaust gas decomposition,and anti-/de-icing.Finally,the review lists the drawbacks of the existing technologies,including high cost,single function,etc.,and depicts the future developing direction and architecture of the next generation of eco-friendly pavements in which the road infrastructure should have more environmentally friendly functions than the existing technology.展开更多
Shape is an important quality index of cold rolling strip. Up to now, many problems in the shape control domain have not been solved satisfactorily, and a review on the research progress in the shape control domain ca...Shape is an important quality index of cold rolling strip. Up to now, many problems in the shape control domain have not been solved satisfactorily, and a review on the research progress in the shape control domain can help to seek new breakthrough directions. In the past 10 years, researches and applications of shape control models, shape control means, shape detection technology, and shape con- trol system have achieved significant progress. In the aspect of shape control models, the researches in the past improve the accuracy, speed and robustness of the models. The intelligentization of shape control models should be strengthened in the future. In the aspect of the shape control means, the researches in the past focus on the roll opti- mization, mill type selection, process optimization, local strip shape control, edge drop control, and so on. In the future, more attention should be paid to the coordination control of both strip shape and other quality indexes, and the refinement of control objective should be strengthened. In the aspects of shape detection technology and shape control system, some new types of shape detection meters and shape control systems are developed and have successfully indus- trial applications. In the future, the standardization of shape detection technology and shape control system should be promoted to solve the problem of compatibility. In general,the four expected development trends of shape control for cold roiling strip in the future are intelligentization, coordi- nation, refinement, and standardization. The proposed research provides new breakthrough directions for improv- ing shape quality.展开更多
The world is currently undergoing profound changes which have never happened within the past century.Global competition in the technology and industry fields is becoming increasingly fierce.The strategic competition o...The world is currently undergoing profound changes which have never happened within the past century.Global competition in the technology and industry fields is becoming increasingly fierce.The strategic competition of the major powers further focuses on the manufacturing industry.Developed countries such as the United States,Germany,and Japan have successively put forward strategic plans such as“re-industrialization”and“return of manufacturing industry”,aiming to seize the commanding heights of a new round of global high-end technology competition and expand international market share.Standing at the historic intersection of a new round of scientific and technological revolution and China's accelerated high-quality development,the“14th Five-Year Plan”clearly pointed out that intelligent manufacturing is the main development trend to promote China's manufacturing to the medium-high end of the global value chain.This reflects the importance of advanced manufacturing for national strategic layout.To better grasp the development direction of advanced manufacturing equipment,the development process and current application status of manufacturing equipment are summarized,and thereafter the characteristics of manufacturing equipment in different development stages of the manufacturing industry are analyzed.Finally,the development trend of advanced milling equipment is prospected.展开更多
Lost foam casting(LFC)technology has been widely applied to cast iron and cast steel.However,the development of LFC for Al and Mg alloys was relatively slower than that for cast iron and cast steel.The application of ...Lost foam casting(LFC)technology has been widely applied to cast iron and cast steel.However,the development of LFC for Al and Mg alloys was relatively slower than that for cast iron and cast steel.The application of LFC to Al and Mg alloys needs more effort,especially in China.In this paper,the development history of LFC is reviewed,and the application situations of LFC to Al and Mg alloys are mainly discussed.Meanwhile,the key problems of LFC for Al and Mg alloys are also pointed out.Finally,the prospects for LFC technology are discussed,and some special new LFC technologies are introduced for casting Al and Mg alloys.In future,the development trends of green LFC technology mainly focus on the special new LFC methods,metal material,coating,heat treatment,new foam materials as well as purification technology of tail gas,etc.展开更多
Chinese steel industry has made significant progress on reducing fresh water consumption and CO_2/SO_2/COD( chemical oxygen demand) /dust emissions,and improving comprehensive utilization of solid waste. Some steel ...Chinese steel industry has made significant progress on reducing fresh water consumption and CO_2/SO_2/COD( chemical oxygen demand) /dust emissions,and improving comprehensive utilization of solid waste. Some steel companies have become topped worldwide. However,due to the large output quantity of crude steel,the whole steel industry is still a huge source of pollutants. At present,environmental protection standards are encountering challenges of lack of technical support,taxation policy and other issues. Steel industry is currently facing enormous environmental pressure. The development trends of environmental protection technologies were studied by summarizing different development stages. To realize the development targets,the industry needs to carry out its research with independent intellectual property rights,develop comprehensive management systems and establish ecological chain with other industries. This can not only raise the level of environmental protection in a broader range,but also improve the energy efficiency of iron and steel plants and increase added value of waste utilization. Finally,23 environmental protection technologies were proposed and 4 new environmental protection practices were studied.展开更多
The rapid change in economic growth and human civilization has led to a dramatic increase in energy utilization and electricity demand. That faces nations with the challenge of maintaining cost-effective and clean pow...The rapid change in economic growth and human civilization has led to a dramatic increase in energy utilization and electricity demand. That faces nations with the challenge of maintaining cost-effective and clean power energy production. This paper aims to present Afghanistan electricity sector development and energy resources exploitation in a broad context. With the global growing interest in Afghanistan rehabilitation, this paper presents energy development trends in Afghanistan. Besides, the future outlook up to 2032 and the challenges that face electricity sector are highlighted. This study tries to emerge the historical development, current status, and future direction of Afghanistan electricity sector till 2032, in a precise collection.展开更多
At the panel session of the 3rd Global Forum on the Development of Computer Science,attendees had an opportunity to deliberate recent issues affecting computer science departments as a result of the recent growth in t...At the panel session of the 3rd Global Forum on the Development of Computer Science,attendees had an opportunity to deliberate recent issues affecting computer science departments as a result of the recent growth in the field.6 heads of university computer science departments participated in the discussions,including the moderator,Professor Andrew Yao.The first issue was how universities are managing the growing number of applicants in addition to swelling class sizes.Several approaches were suggested,including increasing faculty hiring,implementing scalable teaching tools,and working closer with other departments through degree programs that integrate computer science with other fields.The second issue was about the position and role of computer science within broader science.Participants generally agreed that all fields are increasingly relying on computer science techniques,and that effectively disseminating these techniques to others is a key to unlocking broader scientific progress.展开更多
Since its conceptualization and creation in the 1960 s, Geographic Information System(GIS) has considerably developed. As a combination of traditional and modern technology, GIS has become an important part of modern ...Since its conceptualization and creation in the 1960 s, Geographic Information System(GIS) has considerably developed. As a combination of traditional and modern technology, GIS has become an important part of modern management, decision-making, and command, contributing greatly to social progress and development. This article introduces the concepts of GIS, expounds on the GIS applications in China, and looks forward to developments in GIS technology in the future while reviewing the issues that GIS application development faces. GIS has evolved into an important branch of the information technology industry, with great vitality and broad development prospects.展开更多
Objective To analyze the development trend of clopidogrel bisulfate so as to provide suggestions for the research and development(R&D)of China’s pharmaceutical enterprises.Methods By studying the development proc...Objective To analyze the development trend of clopidogrel bisulfate so as to provide suggestions for the research and development(R&D)of China’s pharmaceutical enterprises.Methods By studying the development process of thiophenic pyridine drugs,we found that clopidogrel bisulfate belongs to the second generation product.Then,the patent status of generic drugs of thiophene in the United States and China was analyzed to identify the key points and trends of its R&D.Results and Conclusion This paper analyzes the patent and important technology of clopidogrel to predict its development trend,and put forward countermeasures for Chinese pharmaceutical enterprises.展开更多
Informatization involves the development and change of various fields of modern society, especially for the development of the national economy has a profound impact. In other words, the enterprise and general managem...Informatization involves the development and change of various fields of modern society, especially for the development of the national economy has a profound impact. In other words, the enterprise and general management, but not necessarily be governance. Further extended the policy implication is that: the establishment of the basic corporate governance structure is the form of the restrictions, not all companies need to establish the corporate governance structure. Only with the direction of general enterprise development in line, can really play a role in guiding the enterprise information, so as to further promote the overall development of enterprises as information planning and development needs accuracy only in the establishment of accurate information. Guided by this perspective, this paper proposes the novel enterprise information management paradigm under the background of data and lnternet, the proposed methodology solves the related challenges well.展开更多
This article is focused on the analysis of the international cooperation of the Russian petroleum industry and its development trend. Also discussed here are the patterns that the foreign oil companies used in acquiri...This article is focused on the analysis of the international cooperation of the Russian petroleum industry and its development trend. Also discussed here are the patterns that the foreign oil companies used in acquiring Russian petroleum assets, and the cooperation models of petroleum exploration and production in Russia. The Russian government encourages foreign oil companies to establish strategic alliances with domestic companies that keep good relations with the government. To achieve this goal, the government provides foreign companies with the space for cooperation in such aspects as advanced technology and management culture. International cooperation in petroleum industry will be further developed under the macro-control of the Russia State energy strategy. The energy cooperation between China and Russia will enter a new phase full of hopes and challenges after the past unfavorable situation is gradually overcome.展开更多
From the view point of tourist marketing, tourist features of popularity and mass, brand and sense, quality and comfort, level and difference, prevalence and society are studied, and the development trends of tourist ...From the view point of tourist marketing, tourist features of popularity and mass, brand and sense, quality and comfort, level and difference, prevalence and society are studied, and the development trends of tourist marketing policies in the 21st century are put forward in this paper. Such as combining sustainable strategies in tourist development with ecology in green marketing, combining information of tourist trends with network in knowledge marketing, combining innovation in tourist products with diversification in marketing objects, combining levels in marketing goals with integer in marketing decision, combining solid in marketing measures with flexibility in marketing policies, combining conformity in marketing channels with double directions in marketing communication and combining the systems of marketing service with culture in marketing activities.展开更多
As a part of the"The Belt and Road"initiative,the China-Mongolia-Russia Economic Corridor is a tailored mode of regional cooperation,combined with the construction of the Russia Eurasia Channel and the Mongo...As a part of the"The Belt and Road"initiative,the China-Mongolia-Russia Economic Corridor is a tailored mode of regional cooperation,combined with the construction of the Russia Eurasia Channel and the Mongolia Grassland Road.This paper analyses the Chinese and Mongolian cultural communication status quo and development trend in the Context of the construction of the China-Mongolia-Russia Economic Corridor.It then proposes that the two countries make great efforts in following three aspects to create new prosperity for China-Mongolia cultural communication and cooperation:strengthening the folk cultural communication and cooperation by consolidating its folk communication basis,vigorously promoting folk cultural diplomacy and improving the level of folk cultural communications,and consolidating the existing cooperation and creating new cultural communication through this cooperation mechanism.展开更多
Purpose–This method will become a new development trend in subgrade structure design for high speed railways.Design/methodology/approach–This paper summarizes the structural types and design methods of subgrade bed ...Purpose–This method will become a new development trend in subgrade structure design for high speed railways.Design/methodology/approach–This paper summarizes the structural types and design methods of subgrade bed for high speed railways in China,Japan,France,Germany,the United States and other countries based on the study and analysis of existing literature and combined with the research results and practices of high speed railway subgrade engineering at home and abroad.Findings–It is found that in foreign countries,the layered reinforced structure is generally adopted for the subgrade bed of high speed railways,and the unified double-layer or multi-layer structure is adopted for the surface layer of subgrade bed,while the simple structure is adopted in China;in foreign countries,different inspection parameters are adopted to evaluate the compaction state of fillers according to their respective understanding and practice,while in China,compaction coefficient,subsoil coefficient and dynamic deformation modulus are adopted for such evaluation;in foreign countries,the subgrade top deformation control method,the subgrade bottom deformation control method,the subsurface fill strength control method are mainly adopted in subgrade bed structure design of high speed railways,while in China,dynamic deformation control of subgrade surface and dynamic strain control of subgrade bed bottom layer is adopted in the design.However,the cumulative deformation of subgrade caused by train cyclic vibration load is not considered in the existing design methods.Originality/value–This paper introduces a new subgrade structure design method based on whole-process dynamics analysis that meets subgrade functional requirements and is established on the basis of the existing research at home and abroad on prediction methods for cumulative deformation of subgrade soil.展开更多
A study about some physicochemical parameters of Egbe reservoir was carried out from September 2005 to December 2006. The parameters include mean temperature, pH, conductivity, alkalinity, TSS, TDS, DO and BOD which h...A study about some physicochemical parameters of Egbe reservoir was carried out from September 2005 to December 2006. The parameters include mean temperature, pH, conductivity, alkalinity, TSS, TDS, DO and BOD which have values of 28.7±0.9 ℃ ; 8.3±0.3; 831±172.5 μS/cm; 165.4±18.3 mg/L; 0.06±0.1 mg/L; 0.4±0.6 mg/L; 7.8±2.4 mg/L and 5.2±1.6mg/L, respectively. Temperature and pH were measured in the field using mercury-in-glass thermometer calibrated in degrees Celsius and pH meter, respectively. TSS and TDS were measured by grayimetric methods, while alkalinity was measured titrimetrically and DO and BOD were measured by Winkler's method. For the nutrients, nitrate was measured color±metrically, phosphate by Stannous Chloride method and sulphate by turbidimetric method. Mean concentration of nitrate, phosphate, and sulphate were 15.6±8.6 rag/L; 42.5±19.4 mg/L and 72.3±14.7 mg/L respectively. Nowadays, eutrophication of natural waters is one of the most significant causes of deterioration of water quality, and nitrates and phosphates are probably the key nutrients in controlling the growth of aquatic plants. Though the mean concentration of nitrates and phosphates in the reservoir water were within the acceptable limit, yet their concentrations in some locations of reservoir were high enough to encourage the growth of aquatic macrophytes which would increase productivities. Hence, it is necessary to check their further increase, and periodic monitoring and preventive measures must be adopted to save the reservoir from eutrophication.展开更多
Mobile TV is growing popular worldwide.It puts new hardware requirements on the handset,requiring a tuner,a demodulator and a decoder to receive and process signals that challenge the power consumption and size of han...Mobile TV is growing popular worldwide.It puts new hardware requirements on the handset,requiring a tuner,a demodulator and a decoder to receive and process signals that challenge the power consumption and size of handsets.These special terminal chips can solve these problems and stand as a prerequisite for broadcasting TV to mobile phones.The commercial mobile TV handsets have been brought to the market,which use the integrated single-chip,the dual/multi mode chip,or the TV receiver integrated in an SD card.These small chips with low power consumption will help popularize mobile TV services.展开更多
Exploration for oil and deep gas in northern Songliao Basin,complex rift basin—Hailaer Basin,and Yi-Shu Graben in peripheral basin has technical challenge.Researches on supporting technology including seismic acquisi...Exploration for oil and deep gas in northern Songliao Basin,complex rift basin—Hailaer Basin,and Yi-Shu Graben in peripheral basin has technical challenge.Researches on supporting technology including seismic acquisition,processing and interpretation,logging and drilling are performed to establish high resolution 3D seismic technology for lithologic reservoir,deep volcanic rock and complex rift basin,reservoir evaluation and stimulation technology for low permeability reservoir,volcanic reservoir and complex rift reservoir,and drilling technology for deep volcanic rock,providing technical support for reserves increase in northern Songliao Basin,large gas reservoirs discovery in deep volcanic rock and exploration progress in complex rift basin.Next-step development trend of exploration technology is proposed to meet the demand of more technical challenges in the future.展开更多
基金funded by Hebei Province Higher Education Science Research Project in 2025(QN2025899).
摘要Based on 2014-2024 data from China’s Ministry of Education National Education Development Statistical Bulletin,this study explores the ten-year development trends and quality improvement paths of China’s higher education.It finds that the gross higher education enrollment rate rose from 37.5%to 60.8%over the decade,achieving a leap from popularization to accessibility,with significant growth in enrollment scale,institutional count,and resource investment.However,scale expansion has triggered quality challenges:fluctuating student-faculty ratios,imbalanced type structure,and lagging per capita resource growth.Enrollment growth has no significant linear correlation with full-time faculty growth,but a highly significant positive correlation with student-faculty ratio growth.The study proposes optimizing quality paths via a scale-quality linkage mechanism,faculty structure optimization,increased resource investment,and improved type structure,to provide empirical support and policy reference for China’s higher education transformation from scale-driven to connotation-based high-quality development.
基金Project(2019JJ40377)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,ChinaProject(2020CX026)supported by the Innovation-Driven Project of Central South University,ChinaProject(51934010)supported by the Major Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China。
摘要Modern hydrometallurgy has been developing for more than 100 years and the related articles keep piling up.Based on a bibliometric analysis of the articles in Hydrometallurgy,the most authoritative journal in the field of hydrometallurgy,we try to catch the research and development trends from a global perspective.Firstly,keywords burstness shows that rare earth,recycling,lithium,ionic liquid,and thorium are the hotspots in recent years,and the economic and technological reasons behind them were discussed in depth.Secondly,the proportion of biohydrometallurgy grows fast from 5%to 13%and the related articles are almost all about bioleaching.There are some new directions such as direct preparation of materials in hydrometallurgical processes and ion-imprinted techniques.Thirdly,the advanced instrument analysis methods such as XAFS(X-ray absorption fine structure),gene sequencing,and micro-CT promote the deep understanding of hydrometallurgy mechanism.Finally,the cooperation network and contribution of the main institutes were mapped.
基金This paper was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52038001,52122809,51908058).
摘要The major contemporary in road pavement engineering is related to the creation of green and sustainable infrastructures,e.g.,reduction of environmental impacts,increase in traffic safety,and transportation efficiency,etc.This review presents the recent trends in research and the technical solutions developed so far to address these challenges.After the analysis of research status in the past decades,a novel technology system of eco-friendly pavements is proposed considering two solutions,materials modification and structure improvement.The construction of an eco-friendly pavement can be achieved thanks to several different technologies ensuring permeable,noise-reducing,self-luminous,and exhaust-decomposing properties as well as apporting lower heat absorbing and enhanced anti-/de-icing characteristics.A systematic review of these technologies is presented pivoting on four main aspects:technical principle,material and structural composition,performance evaluation,and engineering application.The current trend in road engineering is combining the pavement infrastructure with various eco-friendly functions,e.g.,water permeability,noise reduction,low heat absorption,exhaust gas decomposition,and anti-/de-icing.Finally,the review lists the drawbacks of the existing technologies,including high cost,single function,etc.,and depicts the future developing direction and architecture of the next generation of eco-friendly pavements in which the road infrastructure should have more environmentally friendly functions than the existing technology.
基金Supported by National Key Technology Support Program of China (Grant No. 2011BAF15B00)Hebei Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. E2016203482)+1 种基金Hebei Provincial Science and Technology Research Foundation of China (Grant No. ZD2014034)Youth Independent Research Program of Yanshan University of China (Grant No. 14LGA003)
摘要Shape is an important quality index of cold rolling strip. Up to now, many problems in the shape control domain have not been solved satisfactorily, and a review on the research progress in the shape control domain can help to seek new breakthrough directions. In the past 10 years, researches and applications of shape control models, shape control means, shape detection technology, and shape con- trol system have achieved significant progress. In the aspect of shape control models, the researches in the past improve the accuracy, speed and robustness of the models. The intelligentization of shape control models should be strengthened in the future. In the aspect of the shape control means, the researches in the past focus on the roll opti- mization, mill type selection, process optimization, local strip shape control, edge drop control, and so on. In the future, more attention should be paid to the coordination control of both strip shape and other quality indexes, and the refinement of control objective should be strengthened. In the aspects of shape detection technology and shape control system, some new types of shape detection meters and shape control systems are developed and have successfully indus- trial applications. In the future, the standardization of shape detection technology and shape control system should be promoted to solve the problem of compatibility. In general,the four expected development trends of shape control for cold roiling strip in the future are intelligentization, coordi- nation, refinement, and standardization. The proposed research provides new breakthrough directions for improv- ing shape quality.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.92148301)。
摘要The world is currently undergoing profound changes which have never happened within the past century.Global competition in the technology and industry fields is becoming increasingly fierce.The strategic competition of the major powers further focuses on the manufacturing industry.Developed countries such as the United States,Germany,and Japan have successively put forward strategic plans such as“re-industrialization”and“return of manufacturing industry”,aiming to seize the commanding heights of a new round of global high-end technology competition and expand international market share.Standing at the historic intersection of a new round of scientific and technological revolution and China's accelerated high-quality development,the“14th Five-Year Plan”clearly pointed out that intelligent manufacturing is the main development trend to promote China's manufacturing to the medium-high end of the global value chain.This reflects the importance of advanced manufacturing for national strategic layout.To better grasp the development direction of advanced manufacturing equipment,the development process and current application status of manufacturing equipment are summarized,and thereafter the characteristics of manufacturing equipment in different development stages of the manufacturing industry are analyzed.Finally,the development trend of advanced milling equipment is prospected.
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(NFSC)(No.50275058,50775085,51204124,51375187)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(No.2007AA03Z113)
摘要Lost foam casting(LFC)technology has been widely applied to cast iron and cast steel.However,the development of LFC for Al and Mg alloys was relatively slower than that for cast iron and cast steel.The application of LFC to Al and Mg alloys needs more effort,especially in China.In this paper,the development history of LFC is reviewed,and the application situations of LFC to Al and Mg alloys are mainly discussed.Meanwhile,the key problems of LFC for Al and Mg alloys are also pointed out.Finally,the prospects for LFC technology are discussed,and some special new LFC technologies are introduced for casting Al and Mg alloys.In future,the development trends of green LFC technology mainly focus on the special new LFC methods,metal material,coating,heat treatment,new foam materials as well as purification technology of tail gas,etc.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants No.51234003)
摘要Chinese steel industry has made significant progress on reducing fresh water consumption and CO_2/SO_2/COD( chemical oxygen demand) /dust emissions,and improving comprehensive utilization of solid waste. Some steel companies have become topped worldwide. However,due to the large output quantity of crude steel,the whole steel industry is still a huge source of pollutants. At present,environmental protection standards are encountering challenges of lack of technical support,taxation policy and other issues. Steel industry is currently facing enormous environmental pressure. The development trends of environmental protection technologies were studied by summarizing different development stages. To realize the development targets,the industry needs to carry out its research with independent intellectual property rights,develop comprehensive management systems and establish ecological chain with other industries. This can not only raise the level of environmental protection in a broader range,but also improve the energy efficiency of iron and steel plants and increase added value of waste utilization. Finally,23 environmental protection technologies were proposed and 4 new environmental protection practices were studied.
基金The authors would like to acknowledge financial support by the National Natural Science Foundation(Project No.51701026)the Chongqing Research Program of Basic Research and Frontier Technology(Project No.cstc2018jcyjAX0611)+2 种基金the Science and Technology Research Program of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission(Grant No.KJQN201803103)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Project No.2018CDGFCL0005 and Project No.2018CDJDCL0019)the support of the 111 Project(Project No.B 16007)by the Ministry of Education and the State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs of China.
摘要The rapid change in economic growth and human civilization has led to a dramatic increase in energy utilization and electricity demand. That faces nations with the challenge of maintaining cost-effective and clean power energy production. This paper aims to present Afghanistan electricity sector development and energy resources exploitation in a broad context. With the global growing interest in Afghanistan rehabilitation, this paper presents energy development trends in Afghanistan. Besides, the future outlook up to 2032 and the challenges that face electricity sector are highlighted. This study tries to emerge the historical development, current status, and future direction of Afghanistan electricity sector till 2032, in a precise collection.
摘要At the panel session of the 3rd Global Forum on the Development of Computer Science,attendees had an opportunity to deliberate recent issues affecting computer science departments as a result of the recent growth in the field.6 heads of university computer science departments participated in the discussions,including the moderator,Professor Andrew Yao.The first issue was how universities are managing the growing number of applicants in addition to swelling class sizes.Several approaches were suggested,including increasing faculty hiring,implementing scalable teaching tools,and working closer with other departments through degree programs that integrate computer science with other fields.The second issue was about the position and role of computer science within broader science.Participants generally agreed that all fields are increasingly relying on computer science techniques,and that effectively disseminating these techniques to others is a key to unlocking broader scientific progress.
基金Sponsored by National Natural Science Foundation of China(41401002)Jilin Province Funds of Social Science(2014B127)Project of Chengde Bureau of Finance(CZ2013011)
摘要Since its conceptualization and creation in the 1960 s, Geographic Information System(GIS) has considerably developed. As a combination of traditional and modern technology, GIS has become an important part of modern management, decision-making, and command, contributing greatly to social progress and development. This article introduces the concepts of GIS, expounds on the GIS applications in China, and looks forward to developments in GIS technology in the future while reviewing the issues that GIS application development faces. GIS has evolved into an important branch of the information technology industry, with great vitality and broad development prospects.
摘要Objective To analyze the development trend of clopidogrel bisulfate so as to provide suggestions for the research and development(R&D)of China’s pharmaceutical enterprises.Methods By studying the development process of thiophenic pyridine drugs,we found that clopidogrel bisulfate belongs to the second generation product.Then,the patent status of generic drugs of thiophene in the United States and China was analyzed to identify the key points and trends of its R&D.Results and Conclusion This paper analyzes the patent and important technology of clopidogrel to predict its development trend,and put forward countermeasures for Chinese pharmaceutical enterprises.
摘要Informatization involves the development and change of various fields of modern society, especially for the development of the national economy has a profound impact. In other words, the enterprise and general management, but not necessarily be governance. Further extended the policy implication is that: the establishment of the basic corporate governance structure is the form of the restrictions, not all companies need to establish the corporate governance structure. Only with the direction of general enterprise development in line, can really play a role in guiding the enterprise information, so as to further promote the overall development of enterprises as information planning and development needs accuracy only in the establishment of accurate information. Guided by this perspective, this paper proposes the novel enterprise information management paradigm under the background of data and lnternet, the proposed methodology solves the related challenges well.
摘要This article is focused on the analysis of the international cooperation of the Russian petroleum industry and its development trend. Also discussed here are the patterns that the foreign oil companies used in acquiring Russian petroleum assets, and the cooperation models of petroleum exploration and production in Russia. The Russian government encourages foreign oil companies to establish strategic alliances with domestic companies that keep good relations with the government. To achieve this goal, the government provides foreign companies with the space for cooperation in such aspects as advanced technology and management culture. International cooperation in petroleum industry will be further developed under the macro-control of the Russia State energy strategy. The energy cooperation between China and Russia will enter a new phase full of hopes and challenges after the past unfavorable situation is gradually overcome.
基金Under the auspices of the key project of National Tourist Development Program of China for the nation's Tenth-Five Year Plan per
摘要From the view point of tourist marketing, tourist features of popularity and mass, brand and sense, quality and comfort, level and difference, prevalence and society are studied, and the development trends of tourist marketing policies in the 21st century are put forward in this paper. Such as combining sustainable strategies in tourist development with ecology in green marketing, combining information of tourist trends with network in knowledge marketing, combining innovation in tourist products with diversification in marketing objects, combining levels in marketing goals with integer in marketing decision, combining solid in marketing measures with flexibility in marketing policies, combining conformity in marketing channels with double directions in marketing communication and combining the systems of marketing service with culture in marketing activities.
摘要As a part of the"The Belt and Road"initiative,the China-Mongolia-Russia Economic Corridor is a tailored mode of regional cooperation,combined with the construction of the Russia Eurasia Channel and the Mongolia Grassland Road.This paper analyses the Chinese and Mongolian cultural communication status quo and development trend in the Context of the construction of the China-Mongolia-Russia Economic Corridor.It then proposes that the two countries make great efforts in following three aspects to create new prosperity for China-Mongolia cultural communication and cooperation:strengthening the folk cultural communication and cooperation by consolidating its folk communication basis,vigorously promoting folk cultural diplomacy and improving the level of folk cultural communications,and consolidating the existing cooperation and creating new cultural communication through this cooperation mechanism.
基金The research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41731288 and 41972299)the Science and Technology Research and Development Program of China Railway(Grant No.P2018G050)+1 种基金the Young Top-Notch Talent Project of National“Ten Thousands Talent Program”(Grant No.2019YJ300)the Major Scientific Research and Development Project of China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited(Grant No.2019YJ026).
摘要Purpose–This method will become a new development trend in subgrade structure design for high speed railways.Design/methodology/approach–This paper summarizes the structural types and design methods of subgrade bed for high speed railways in China,Japan,France,Germany,the United States and other countries based on the study and analysis of existing literature and combined with the research results and practices of high speed railway subgrade engineering at home and abroad.Findings–It is found that in foreign countries,the layered reinforced structure is generally adopted for the subgrade bed of high speed railways,and the unified double-layer or multi-layer structure is adopted for the surface layer of subgrade bed,while the simple structure is adopted in China;in foreign countries,different inspection parameters are adopted to evaluate the compaction state of fillers according to their respective understanding and practice,while in China,compaction coefficient,subsoil coefficient and dynamic deformation modulus are adopted for such evaluation;in foreign countries,the subgrade top deformation control method,the subgrade bottom deformation control method,the subsurface fill strength control method are mainly adopted in subgrade bed structure design of high speed railways,while in China,dynamic deformation control of subgrade surface and dynamic strain control of subgrade bed bottom layer is adopted in the design.However,the cumulative deformation of subgrade caused by train cyclic vibration load is not considered in the existing design methods.Originality/value–This paper introduces a new subgrade structure design method based on whole-process dynamics analysis that meets subgrade functional requirements and is established on the basis of the existing research at home and abroad on prediction methods for cumulative deformation of subgrade soil.
摘要A study about some physicochemical parameters of Egbe reservoir was carried out from September 2005 to December 2006. The parameters include mean temperature, pH, conductivity, alkalinity, TSS, TDS, DO and BOD which have values of 28.7±0.9 ℃ ; 8.3±0.3; 831±172.5 μS/cm; 165.4±18.3 mg/L; 0.06±0.1 mg/L; 0.4±0.6 mg/L; 7.8±2.4 mg/L and 5.2±1.6mg/L, respectively. Temperature and pH were measured in the field using mercury-in-glass thermometer calibrated in degrees Celsius and pH meter, respectively. TSS and TDS were measured by grayimetric methods, while alkalinity was measured titrimetrically and DO and BOD were measured by Winkler's method. For the nutrients, nitrate was measured color±metrically, phosphate by Stannous Chloride method and sulphate by turbidimetric method. Mean concentration of nitrate, phosphate, and sulphate were 15.6±8.6 rag/L; 42.5±19.4 mg/L and 72.3±14.7 mg/L respectively. Nowadays, eutrophication of natural waters is one of the most significant causes of deterioration of water quality, and nitrates and phosphates are probably the key nutrients in controlling the growth of aquatic plants. Though the mean concentration of nitrates and phosphates in the reservoir water were within the acceptable limit, yet their concentrations in some locations of reservoir were high enough to encourage the growth of aquatic macrophytes which would increase productivities. Hence, it is necessary to check their further increase, and periodic monitoring and preventive measures must be adopted to save the reservoir from eutrophication.
摘要Mobile TV is growing popular worldwide.It puts new hardware requirements on the handset,requiring a tuner,a demodulator and a decoder to receive and process signals that challenge the power consumption and size of handsets.These special terminal chips can solve these problems and stand as a prerequisite for broadcasting TV to mobile phones.The commercial mobile TV handsets have been brought to the market,which use the integrated single-chip,the dual/multi mode chip,or the TV receiver integrated in an SD card.These small chips with low power consumption will help popularize mobile TV services.
摘要Exploration for oil and deep gas in northern Songliao Basin,complex rift basin—Hailaer Basin,and Yi-Shu Graben in peripheral basin has technical challenge.Researches on supporting technology including seismic acquisition,processing and interpretation,logging and drilling are performed to establish high resolution 3D seismic technology for lithologic reservoir,deep volcanic rock and complex rift basin,reservoir evaluation and stimulation technology for low permeability reservoir,volcanic reservoir and complex rift reservoir,and drilling technology for deep volcanic rock,providing technical support for reserves increase in northern Songliao Basin,large gas reservoirs discovery in deep volcanic rock and exploration progress in complex rift basin.Next-step development trend of exploration technology is proposed to meet the demand of more technical challenges in the future.