Perovskite light emitting diodes(PeLEDs)have attracted considerable research attention because of their external quantum efficiency(EQE)of>20%and have potential scope for further improvement.However,compared to red...Perovskite light emitting diodes(PeLEDs)have attracted considerable research attention because of their external quantum efficiency(EQE)of>20%and have potential scope for further improvement.However,compared to red and green PeLEDs,blue PeLEDs have not been extensively investigated,which limits their commercial applications in the fields of luminance and full-color displays.In this review,blue-PeLED-related research is categorized by the composition of perovskite.The main challenges and corresponding optimization strategies for perovskite films are summarized.Next,the novel strategies for the design of device structures of blue PeLEDs are reviewed from the perspective of transport layers and interfacial layers.Accordingly,future directions for blue PeLEDs are discussed.This review can be a guideline for optimizing perovskite film and device structure of blue PeLEDs,thereby enhancing their development and application scope.展开更多
A high-efficiency green phosphorescent organic light emitting diode with a simplified structure is achieved that is free of a hole transport layer. The design of this kind of device structure not only saves the consum...A high-efficiency green phosphorescent organic light emitting diode with a simplified structure is achieved that is free of a hole transport layer. The design of this kind of device structure not only saves the consumption of organic materials but also greatly reduces the structural heterogeneities and effectively facilitates the charge injection into the emissive layer. The resulting green phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (PHOLEDs) exhibit higher electroluminescent efficiency. The maximum external quantum efficiency and current efficiency reach 23.7% and 88 cd/A, respectively. Moreover the device demonstrates satisfactory stability, keeping 23.7% and 88cd/A, 22% and 82cd/A, respectively, at a luminance of 100 and 1000cd/m2. The working mechanism for achieving high efficiency based on such a simple device structure is discussed correspondingly. The improved charge carrier injection and transport balance are proved to prominently contribute to achieve the high efficiency and great stability at high luminance in the green PHOLEDs.展开更多
Cement stands as a dominant contributor to global energy consumption and carbon emissions in the construction industry.With the upgrading of infrastructure and the improvement of building standards,traditional cement ...Cement stands as a dominant contributor to global energy consumption and carbon emissions in the construction industry.With the upgrading of infrastructure and the improvement of building standards,traditional cement fails to reconcile ecological responsibility with advanced functional performance.By incorporating tailored fillers into cement matrices,the resulting composites achieve enhanced thermoelectric(TE)conversion capabilities.These materials can harness solar radiation from building envelopes and recover waste heat from indoor thermal gradients,facilitating bidirectional energy conversion.This review offers a comprehensive and timely overview of cementbased thermoelectric materials(CTEMs),integrating material design,device fabrication,and diverse applications into a holistic perspective.It summarizes recent advancements in TE performance enhancement,encompassing fillers optimization and matrices innovation.Additionally,the review consolidates fabrication strategies and performance evaluations of cement-based thermoelectric devices(CTEDs),providing detailed discussions on their roles in monitoring and protection,energy harvesting,and smart building.We also address sustainability,durability,and lifecycle considerations of CTEMs,which are essential for real-world deployment.Finally,we outline future research directions in materials design,device engineering,and scalable manufacturing to foster the practical application of CTEMs in sustainable and intelligent infrastructure.展开更多
Floating gate memory devices based on two-dimensional materials hold tremendous potential for high-performance nonvolatile memory.However,the memory performance of the devices utilizing the same two-dimensional hetero...Floating gate memory devices based on two-dimensional materials hold tremendous potential for high-performance nonvolatile memory.However,the memory performance of the devices utilizing the same two-dimensional heterostructures exhibits significant differences from lab to lab,which is often attributed to variations in material thickness or interface quality without a detailed exploration.Such uncontrollable performance coupled with an insufficient understanding of the underlying working mechanism hinders the advancement of high-performance floating gate memory.Here,we report controllable and stable memory performance in floating gate memory devices through device structure design under precisely identical conditions.For the first time,the general differences in polarity and on/off ratio of the memory window caused by distinct structural features have been revealed and the underlying working mechanisms were clearly elucidated.Moreover,controllable tunneling paths that are responsible for two-terminal memory performance have also been demonstrated.The findings provide a general and reliable strategy for polarity control and performance optimization of two-dimensional floating gate memory devices.展开更多
In order to fully replace the traditional fossil energy supply system, the efficiency of electrochemical energy conversion and storage of new energy technology needs to be continuously improved to enhance its market c...In order to fully replace the traditional fossil energy supply system, the efficiency of electrochemical energy conversion and storage of new energy technology needs to be continuously improved to enhance its market competitiveness. The structural design of energy devices can achieve satisfactory energy conversion and storage performance. To achieve lightweight design, improve mechanical support, enhance electrochemical performance, and adapt to the special shape of the device, the structural energy devices develop very quickly. To help researchers analyze the development and get clear on developing trend,this review is prepared. This review summarizes the latest developments in structural energy devices, including special attention to fuel cells, lithium-ion batteries, lithium metal batteries, and supercapacitors.Finally, the existing problems of structural energy devices are discussed, and the current challenges and future opportunities are summarized and prospected. Structural energy devices can undoubtedly overcome the performance bottlenecks of traditional energy devices, break the limitations of existing materials and structures, and provide a guidance for the development of equipment with high performance,light weight and low cost in the future.展开更多
Metal-tip/Pr0.7Ca0.3MnO3/Pt devices possess two types of I-V hysteresis: clockwise vs counter clockwise depending on the tip materials. The criteria for categorization of these two types of devices can be simply base...Metal-tip/Pr0.7Ca0.3MnO3/Pt devices possess two types of I-V hysteresis: clockwise vs counter clockwise depending on the tip materials. The criteria for categorization of these two types of devices can be simply based on whether the Gibbs free energy of oxidation for the metal tip is lower or higher than that of PCMO, respectively. While the clockwise hysteresis can be attributed to electric field induced oxidationeduction, the counter clockwise hysteresis can be explained by oxygen vacancy migration in an electrical field. Alternating-current conductance spectra also reveal distinct hopping barriers between these two categories of devices at high resistive states.展开更多
The laser-assisted manufacturing technology has significant advantages in meeting various demands such as complex structures,functional integration,customized devices,and cost-effectiveness,which makes it a highly att...The laser-assisted manufacturing technology has significant advantages in meeting various demands such as complex structures,functional integration,customized devices,and cost-effectiveness,which makes it a highly attractive option for fabricating sensors.In this review,the latest advancements and strategies in intelligent sensor development through laser processing were surveyed and outlined following the interaction of laser and materials.Laser-assisted manufacturing technologies have been extensively applied in materials science and device processing.Firstly,laser technology can be utilized in a wide range of materials,encompassing carbon-based materials,metals,and metallic oxides.In the field of device scale processing,laser manufacturing is widely used in microano structures,planar device construction,and stereoscopic electronic devices such as cutting,engraving,and lithography.Additionally,laser technology provides robust support for sensor applications,covering fields such as pressure sensing,temperature sensing,gas sensing,and biosensors.Furthermore,laser considerably serves in real application areas such as multifunctional sensing systems,actuators,and robots.The widespread application of laser manufacturing technology in sensor platform fabrication offers effective solutions for realizing the miniaturization,multifunctionality,and integration of sensors.展开更多
This paper provides a comprehensive review of the research progress in paper-based flexible electronic devices,focusing on key aspects such as the physical and chemical properties of paper substrates,device structures...This paper provides a comprehensive review of the research progress in paper-based flexible electronic devices,focusing on key aspects such as the physical and chemical properties of paper substrates,device structures,fabrication methods for electrodes and active layers,and their diverse applications.The paper also identifies current challenges facing paper-based electronic devices,such as issues related to long-term stability and the optimization of large-scale production processes.展开更多
The frequency selective surface (FSS) has been widely applied by means of its spatial frequency-filter characteristic, but it is always designed and used as a device with fixed frequency response. In order to tune the...The frequency selective surface (FSS) has been widely applied by means of its spatial frequency-filter characteristic, but it is always designed and used as a device with fixed frequency response. In order to tune the resonant frequency and switch the frequency channel, a scheme of mechanically tunable FSS is theoretically analyzed by using the method of Floquet's vector modes expansion and fields matching. A double-layer tunable FSS with dipole element can perform a dynamic range of resonant frequency covering whole X-band.展开更多
For the purpose of improving conversion efficiency of solar cells by applying the effect of the wavelength conversion of rare earth ions, photo-luminescence and excitation spectrums of Ce3+-Tb3+ doped phosphate glas...For the purpose of improving conversion efficiency of solar cells by applying the effect of the wavelength conversion of rare earth ions, photo-luminescence and excitation spectrums of Ce3+-Tb3+ doped phosphate glass are investigated. Results show that incorporating Ce3+ ions to Tb3+-doped phosphate glass can greatly increase the absorption coefficient in the range 300-400 nm and then the energy transfer (ET) from Ce3+ to Tb3+ occurs. In addition, increasing Tb3+ concentration in Ce3+/Tb3+ co-doped phosphate glass can greatly enhance the ET efficiency and 545 nm emission intensity. This shows that Ce3+/Tb3+ co-doped phosphate glass would be a promising down-shifting material for enhancing the efficiency of solar cells.展开更多
This paper aimed at extracting optimal structural parameters for Love wave device with structure of multi-waveguides to improve its temperature stability. The theoretical model dealing with the Love wave propagation i...This paper aimed at extracting optimal structural parameters for Love wave device with structure of multi-waveguides to improve its temperature stability. The theoretical model dealing with the Love wave propagation in multi-waveguides was established first, the dispersion characteristic is depicted by the acoustic propagation theory of stratified media and boundary conditions. Combing with the dispersion characteristics and Tomar's method, the optimal structural parameters for the Love wave device with zero temperature coefficient were extracted, and confirmed by the following experimental results. Excellent temperature coefficient of the Love wave device with SU-8/SiO2 on ST-90°X quartz substrate was evaluated experimentally as only 2.16 ppm/℃, which agrees well with the calculated results. The optimized Love wave device is very promising in gas sensing application.展开更多
Controlled manipulation of the electron spin by means of a microwave field is investigated. The near magnetic field generated by a copper wire antenna is measured experimentally and simulated theoretically, and the op...Controlled manipulation of the electron spin by means of a microwave field is investigated. The near magnetic field generated by a copper wire antenna is measured experimentally and simulated theoretically, and the optimum antenna length and position are obtained. By measuring the change in the fluorescence of nitrogen-vacancy (N-V) centers in diamond after excitation with a 532 nm continuous wave laser at room temperature, it is verified that the spin of the N-V center can be effectively controlled by the microwave field.展开更多
The introduction of poly(ether urethane) (PEUR) into polymer electrolyte based on poly(ethylene oxide), LiI and I2, has significantly increased the ionic conductivity by nearly two orders of magnitudes. An incre...The introduction of poly(ether urethane) (PEUR) into polymer electrolyte based on poly(ethylene oxide), LiI and I2, has significantly increased the ionic conductivity by nearly two orders of magnitudes. An increment of I3- diffusion coefficient is also observed. All-solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells are constructed using the polymer electrolytes. It was found that PEUR incorporation has a beneficial effect on the enhancement of open circuit voltage VOC by shifting the band edge of TiO2 to a negative value. Scanningelectron microscope images indicate the perfect interfacial contact between the TiO2 electrode and the blend electrolyte.展开更多
Bending and first flexural mode vibration behavior of electrostatic actuated nanometer-sized interdigitated cantilever arrays are characterized under vacuum conditions. The pull-in'' effect in dc driving and the har...Bending and first flexural mode vibration behavior of electrostatic actuated nanometer-sized interdigitated cantilever arrays are characterized under vacuum conditions. The pull-in'' effect in dc driving and the hard spring effect'' in ac driving are observed. A mass sensitivity of 20 fg is expected for our devices due to the ultra-small mass of the arm and relative high Q factor. The mass-spring lump model combined with Green's function method is used to fit the dc driving behaviors including the pull-in voltage. For the ac driving case, the polynomial expansion of the capacitive force is used in the model. The successfully fittings of the pull-in voltage and the hard spring effect prove that our simulation method could be used for guiding the geometrical design of cantilever-based sensors.展开更多
Flexible ionic pressure sensors(FIPS)have emerged as promising candidates for bridging the gap between electronics and biologically compatible interfaces.Unlike previous reviews,which focused primarily on materials or...Flexible ionic pressure sensors(FIPS)have emerged as promising candidates for bridging the gap between electronics and biologically compatible interfaces.Unlike previous reviews,which focused primarily on materials or devices,this review presents a classification of FIPS based on mechanisms into two distinct categories:the migration-electronic type and the emerging iontronic type.Eight representative sensing mechanisms are systematically analyzed,including ionic piezoresistive,capacitive,piezoelectric and triboelectric effects(migration-electronic),as well as ionic diode,potentiometric transduction,nanofluidic and coupled nanofluidic–potentiometric transduction mechanisms(emerging iontronic).The basic force-electric response principles of each type of sensor have been described,combining theoretical derivation formulas followed by a comparative analysis of advantages,disadvantages,and key performance indicators,which have both comprehensiveness and originality.Furthermore,we highlight advanced engineering approaches integrating ionic transport materials,flexible substrates,and novel electrodes to enhance sensitivity,stability,and multi-modal responsiveness.Finally,we outline current challenges and future prospects of wearable electronics,healthcare monitoring,and intelligent robotics.By mapping the evolution of sensing mechanisms and their associated architectures,this review provides a comprehensive and forward-looking perspective on the development of next-generation ionic sensing systems.展开更多
A polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane-[60]fullerene (POSS-C60) dyad was designed and used as a novel electron acceptor for bulk heterojunction (BHJ) polymer solar cells (PSCs) with an inverted device configuration. T...A polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane-[60]fullerene (POSS-C60) dyad was designed and used as a novel electron acceptor for bulk heterojunction (BHJ) polymer solar cells (PSCs) with an inverted device configuration. The studies of time-resolved photoinduced absorption of the pristine thin film of poly[(4,4'-bis(2-ethylhexyl)dithieno[3,2-b:2',3'-d]silole)-2,6-diyl-alt-(4,7-bis (2-thienyl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole)-5,5'-diyl] (SiPCPDTBT) and the composite thin film of SiPCPDTBT:POSS-C60 indicated efficient electron transfer from SiPCPDTBT to POSS-C60 with inhibited back-transfer. BHJ PSCs made by SiPCPDTBT mixed with POSS-C60 yielded the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 1.50%. Under the same operational conditions, PCEs observed from BHJ PSCs made by SiPCPDTBT mixed with [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester were 0.92%. These results demonstrated that POSS-C60 is a potentially good electron acceptor for inverted BHJ PSCs.展开更多
CONSPECTUS:Colloidal metal halide perovskite nanocrystals(PNCs)have high color purity,solution processability,high luminescence efficiency,and facile color tunability in visible wavelengths and therefore show promise ...CONSPECTUS:Colloidal metal halide perovskite nanocrystals(PNCs)have high color purity,solution processability,high luminescence efficiency,and facile color tunability in visible wavelengths and therefore show promise as light emitters in next-generation displays.The external quantum efficiency(EQE)of PNC lightemitting diodes(LEDs)has been rapidly increased to reach 24.96%by using colloidal PNCs and 28.9%using on-substrate in situ synthesized PNCs.However,high operating stability and a further increase of EQE in PNC-LEDs have been impeded for three reasons:(1)Colloidal PNCs consist of ionic crystal structures in which ligands bind dynamically and therefore easily agglomerate in colloidal solution and films;(2)Long-alkyl-chain organic ligands that adhere to the PNC surface improve the photoluminescence quantum efficiency and colloidal stability of PNCs in solution but impede charge transport in PNC films and limit their electroluminescence efficiency in LEDs;(3)Unoptimized device structure and nonuniform PNC films limit the charge balance and reduce the device efficiency in PNC-LEDs.In this Account,we summarize strategies to solve the limitations in PNCs and PNC-LEDs as consequences of photoluminescence quantum efficiency in PNCs and the charge-balance factor and out-coupling factor in LEDs,which together determine the EQE of PNC-LEDs.We introduce the fundamental photophysical properties of colloidal PNCs related to effective mass of charge carriers and surface stoichiometry,requirements for PNC surface stabilization,and subsequent research strategies to demonstrate highly efficient colloidal PNCs and PNC-LEDs with high operating stability.First,we present various ligand-engineering strategies that have been used to achieve both efficient carrier injection and radiative recombination in PNC films.In situ ligand engineering reduces ligand length and concentration during synthesis of colloidal PNCs,and it can achieve size-independent high color purity and high luminescent efficiency in PNCs.Postsynthesis ligand engineering such as optimized purification,replacement of organic ligands with inorganic ligands or strongly bound ligands can increase charge transport and coupling between PNC dots in films.The luminescence efficiency of PNCs and PNC-LEDs can be further increased by various postsynthesis ligand-engineering methods or by sequential treatment with different ligands.Second,we present methods to modify the crystal structure in PNCs to have alloy-or core/shell-like structure.Such crystal engineering is performed by the correlation between entropy and enthalpy in PNCs and result in increased carrier confinement(increased radiative recombination)and reduced defects(decreased nonradiative recombination).Third,we present strategies to boost the charge-balance factor and out-coupling factor in PNC-LEDs such as modification of thickness of each layer and insertion of additional interlayers,and outcoupling hemispherical lens are discussed.Finally,we present the advantages,potential,and remaining challenges to be solved to enable use of colloidal PNCs in commercialized industrial displays and solid-state lighting.We hope this Account will help its readers to grasp the progresses and perspectives of colloidal PNCs and PNC-LEDs,and that our insights will guide future research to achieve efficient PNC-LEDs that have high stability and low toxicity.展开更多
In this work,efficient green electroluminescent(EL)devices with simplified device structure were prepared by doping trivalent terbium complex Tb(PMIP)3into hole block material Tm Py PB.The high triplet energy of T...In this work,efficient green electroluminescent(EL)devices with simplified device structure were prepared by doping trivalent terbium complex Tb(PMIP)3into hole block material Tm Py PB.The high triplet energy of Tm Py PB helps to confine excitons within light-emitting layer,while the electron transport characteristic of Tm Py PB facilitates the balance of carriers on Tb(PMIP)a3molecules.By optimizing the doping concentration of Tb(PMIP)a3and the thickness of each functional layer,highly efficient green EL device with the structure of ITO/Mo Oa3(3 nm)/TAPC(50 nm)/Tb(PMIP)a3(30 wt%):Tm Py PB(25 nm)/Tm Py PB(60 nm)/Li F(1 nm)/Al(100 nm)displayed pure Tb^3+ characteristic emission with maximum current efficiency,power efficiency and brightness up to 47.24 cd/A(external quantum efficiency(EQE)of 14.4%),43.63 lm/W and 1694 cd/m^2,respectively.At certain brightness of 100 cd/m^2,the device still maintained a current efficiency of 19.96 cd/A(EQE=6.1%).Such a device design strategy helps to improve the EL performances of Tb(PMIP)a3and to simplify device fabrication processes,thus reduce the fabrication cost.展开更多
The development of p-i-n structured perovskite solar cells(PSCs)requires more extensive explorations on seeking efficient,low cost and stable hole transporting materials(HTMs).Small molecular HTMs are superior to poly...The development of p-i-n structured perovskite solar cells(PSCs)requires more extensive explorations on seeking efficient,low cost and stable hole transporting materials(HTMs).Small molecular HTMs are superior to polymeric ones in terms of synthetic reproducibility as well as purity.However,thin films composed of small molecules are usually labile during the solution-based perovskite deposition.Herein,we propose a molecular engineering strategy of incorporating oligothiophene as conjugation bridge to develop robust oligomer HTMs for p-i-n type PSCs.Upon increasing the oligothiophene chain length fromα-bithiophene toα-quaterthiophene andα-hexathiophene,their HOMO energy levels remain unchanged,but their solubility in common organic solvents decreased remarkably,thus greatly enhancing their tolerance to the perovskite deposition.The rational design of oligothiophene chain length can effectively tune their optoelectronic properties as well as thin film stability under polar solvent soaking.The best performance is achieved by anα-quaterthiophene based HTM(QT),showing a high efficiency of 17.69%with fill factor of 0.81,which are comparable to those of a commercially available benchmark polymer HTM(poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4-dimethylphenyl)amine],PTAA)based devices fabricated under the same conditions.Our developed oligomer system not only provides the definite molecular structures like small molecule-type HTMs,but also exhibits the excellent filmforming like polymer-type HTMs,thus achieving the well-balanced parameters among solvent tolerance,thin film conductivity,and interfacial charge transfer efficiency,especially building up a platform to develop low cost and reproducible efficient HTMs in p-i-n structured perovskite solar cells.展开更多
A solution-processed zinc oxide (ZnO) thin film as an electron collection layer for polymer solar cells (PSCs) with an inverted device structure was investigated. Power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of PSCs made with...A solution-processed zinc oxide (ZnO) thin film as an electron collection layer for polymer solar cells (PSCs) with an inverted device structure was investigated. Power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of PSCs made with a blend of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and [6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) are 3.50% and 1.21% for PSCs with and without the ZnO thin film, respectively. Light intensity dependence of the photocurrent and the capacitance-voltage measurement demonstrate that the increased PCEs are due to the restriction of the strong bimolecular recombination in the interface when a thin ZnO layer is inserted between the polymer active layer and the ITO electrode. These results demonstrate that the ZnO thin film plays an important role in the performance of PSCs with an inverted device structure.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51775199,51735004)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2018B030306008)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
摘要Perovskite light emitting diodes(PeLEDs)have attracted considerable research attention because of their external quantum efficiency(EQE)of>20%and have potential scope for further improvement.However,compared to red and green PeLEDs,blue PeLEDs have not been extensively investigated,which limits their commercial applications in the fields of luminance and full-color displays.In this review,blue-PeLED-related research is categorized by the composition of perovskite.The main challenges and corresponding optimization strategies for perovskite films are summarized.Next,the novel strategies for the design of device structures of blue PeLEDs are reviewed from the perspective of transport layers and interfacial layers.Accordingly,future directions for blue PeLEDs are discussed.This review can be a guideline for optimizing perovskite film and device structure of blue PeLEDs,thereby enhancing their development and application scope.
基金Supported by the Nanjing University of Telecommunication and Posts under Grant No NY212010the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 91233117,50973104 and 51333007+2 种基金the Natural Science Fund of Jiangsu Province under Grant No BK2012834the National Basic Research Program of China under Grant No 2015CB932200the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions
摘要A high-efficiency green phosphorescent organic light emitting diode with a simplified structure is achieved that is free of a hole transport layer. The design of this kind of device structure not only saves the consumption of organic materials but also greatly reduces the structural heterogeneities and effectively facilitates the charge injection into the emissive layer. The resulting green phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (PHOLEDs) exhibit higher electroluminescent efficiency. The maximum external quantum efficiency and current efficiency reach 23.7% and 88 cd/A, respectively. Moreover the device demonstrates satisfactory stability, keeping 23.7% and 88cd/A, 22% and 82cd/A, respectively, at a luminance of 100 and 1000cd/m2. The working mechanism for achieving high efficiency based on such a simple device structure is discussed correspondingly. The improved charge carrier injection and transport balance are proved to prominently contribute to achieve the high efficiency and great stability at high luminance in the green PHOLEDs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52242305).
摘要Cement stands as a dominant contributor to global energy consumption and carbon emissions in the construction industry.With the upgrading of infrastructure and the improvement of building standards,traditional cement fails to reconcile ecological responsibility with advanced functional performance.By incorporating tailored fillers into cement matrices,the resulting composites achieve enhanced thermoelectric(TE)conversion capabilities.These materials can harness solar radiation from building envelopes and recover waste heat from indoor thermal gradients,facilitating bidirectional energy conversion.This review offers a comprehensive and timely overview of cementbased thermoelectric materials(CTEMs),integrating material design,device fabrication,and diverse applications into a holistic perspective.It summarizes recent advancements in TE performance enhancement,encompassing fillers optimization and matrices innovation.Additionally,the review consolidates fabrication strategies and performance evaluations of cement-based thermoelectric devices(CTEDs),providing detailed discussions on their roles in monitoring and protection,energy harvesting,and smart building.We also address sustainability,durability,and lifecycle considerations of CTEMs,which are essential for real-world deployment.Finally,we outline future research directions in materials design,device engineering,and scalable manufacturing to foster the practical application of CTEMs in sustainable and intelligent infrastructure.
基金supported by Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.Z210006)National Key R&D Plan(2022YFA1405600)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12104051).
摘要Floating gate memory devices based on two-dimensional materials hold tremendous potential for high-performance nonvolatile memory.However,the memory performance of the devices utilizing the same two-dimensional heterostructures exhibits significant differences from lab to lab,which is often attributed to variations in material thickness or interface quality without a detailed exploration.Such uncontrollable performance coupled with an insufficient understanding of the underlying working mechanism hinders the advancement of high-performance floating gate memory.Here,we report controllable and stable memory performance in floating gate memory devices through device structure design under precisely identical conditions.For the first time,the general differences in polarity and on/off ratio of the memory window caused by distinct structural features have been revealed and the underlying working mechanisms were clearly elucidated.Moreover,controllable tunneling paths that are responsible for two-terminal memory performance have also been demonstrated.The findings provide a general and reliable strategy for polarity control and performance optimization of two-dimensional floating gate memory devices.
基金supported in part by the National key R&D Program of China (No. 2018YFB0105200)National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. U1864213)。
摘要In order to fully replace the traditional fossil energy supply system, the efficiency of electrochemical energy conversion and storage of new energy technology needs to be continuously improved to enhance its market competitiveness. The structural design of energy devices can achieve satisfactory energy conversion and storage performance. To achieve lightweight design, improve mechanical support, enhance electrochemical performance, and adapt to the special shape of the device, the structural energy devices develop very quickly. To help researchers analyze the development and get clear on developing trend,this review is prepared. This review summarizes the latest developments in structural energy devices, including special attention to fuel cells, lithium-ion batteries, lithium metal batteries, and supercapacitors.Finally, the existing problems of structural energy devices are discussed, and the current challenges and future opportunities are summarized and prospected. Structural energy devices can undoubtedly overcome the performance bottlenecks of traditional energy devices, break the limitations of existing materials and structures, and provide a guidance for the development of equipment with high performance,light weight and low cost in the future.
基金Supported by the Knowledge Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences under Grant No KJCX2-SW-W26, and the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 90406017 and 10427402.
摘要Metal-tip/Pr0.7Ca0.3MnO3/Pt devices possess two types of I-V hysteresis: clockwise vs counter clockwise depending on the tip materials. The criteria for categorization of these two types of devices can be simply based on whether the Gibbs free energy of oxidation for the metal tip is lower or higher than that of PCMO, respectively. While the clockwise hysteresis can be attributed to electric field induced oxidationeduction, the counter clockwise hysteresis can be explained by oxygen vacancy migration in an electrical field. Alternating-current conductance spectra also reveal distinct hopping barriers between these two categories of devices at high resistive states.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFB3210400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52472097 and 52102171)+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2021JQ15,ZR2023LLZ008 and ZR2022YQ42)Taishan Scholar Project of Shandong Province(tstp20240515)Innovative Team Project of Jinan(2021GXRC019).
摘要The laser-assisted manufacturing technology has significant advantages in meeting various demands such as complex structures,functional integration,customized devices,and cost-effectiveness,which makes it a highly attractive option for fabricating sensors.In this review,the latest advancements and strategies in intelligent sensor development through laser processing were surveyed and outlined following the interaction of laser and materials.Laser-assisted manufacturing technologies have been extensively applied in materials science and device processing.Firstly,laser technology can be utilized in a wide range of materials,encompassing carbon-based materials,metals,and metallic oxides.In the field of device scale processing,laser manufacturing is widely used in microano structures,planar device construction,and stereoscopic electronic devices such as cutting,engraving,and lithography.Additionally,laser technology provides robust support for sensor applications,covering fields such as pressure sensing,temperature sensing,gas sensing,and biosensors.Furthermore,laser considerably serves in real application areas such as multifunctional sensing systems,actuators,and robots.The widespread application of laser manufacturing technology in sensor platform fabrication offers effective solutions for realizing the miniaturization,multifunctionality,and integration of sensors.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of China(61935017,6213000348)for financial support of this work.
摘要This paper provides a comprehensive review of the research progress in paper-based flexible electronic devices,focusing on key aspects such as the physical and chemical properties of paper substrates,device structures,fabrication methods for electrodes and active layers,and their diverse applications.The paper also identifies current challenges facing paper-based electronic devices,such as issues related to long-term stability and the optimization of large-scale production processes.
摘要The frequency selective surface (FSS) has been widely applied by means of its spatial frequency-filter characteristic, but it is always designed and used as a device with fixed frequency response. In order to tune the resonant frequency and switch the frequency channel, a scheme of mechanically tunable FSS is theoretically analyzed by using the method of Floquet's vector modes expansion and fields matching. A double-layer tunable FSS with dipole element can perform a dynamic range of resonant frequency covering whole X-band.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 50902137 and 60937003.
摘要For the purpose of improving conversion efficiency of solar cells by applying the effect of the wavelength conversion of rare earth ions, photo-luminescence and excitation spectrums of Ce3+-Tb3+ doped phosphate glass are investigated. Results show that incorporating Ce3+ ions to Tb3+-doped phosphate glass can greatly increase the absorption coefficient in the range 300-400 nm and then the energy transfer (ET) from Ce3+ to Tb3+ occurs. In addition, increasing Tb3+ concentration in Ce3+/Tb3+ co-doped phosphate glass can greatly enhance the ET efficiency and 545 nm emission intensity. This shows that Ce3+/Tb3+ co-doped phosphate glass would be a promising down-shifting material for enhancing the efficiency of solar cells.
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(11074268,10834010)
摘要This paper aimed at extracting optimal structural parameters for Love wave device with structure of multi-waveguides to improve its temperature stability. The theoretical model dealing with the Love wave propagation in multi-waveguides was established first, the dispersion characteristic is depicted by the acoustic propagation theory of stratified media and boundary conditions. Combing with the dispersion characteristics and Tomar's method, the optimal structural parameters for the Love wave device with zero temperature coefficient were extracted, and confirmed by the following experimental results. Excellent temperature coefficient of the Love wave device with SU-8/SiO2 on ST-90°X quartz substrate was evaluated experimentally as only 2.16 ppm/℃, which agrees well with the calculated results. The optimized Love wave device is very promising in gas sensing application.
摘要Controlled manipulation of the electron spin by means of a microwave field is investigated. The near magnetic field generated by a copper wire antenna is measured experimentally and simulated theoretically, and the optimum antenna length and position are obtained. By measuring the change in the fluorescence of nitrogen-vacancy (N-V) centers in diamond after excitation with a 532 nm continuous wave laser at room temperature, it is verified that the spin of the N-V center can be effectively controlled by the microwave field.
基金Supported by the High-Tech Research and Development Program of China under Grant No 2007AA05Z439, the National Basic Research Program of China under Grant No 2006CB202605, and the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No 20873162.
摘要The introduction of poly(ether urethane) (PEUR) into polymer electrolyte based on poly(ethylene oxide), LiI and I2, has significantly increased the ionic conductivity by nearly two orders of magnitudes. An increment of I3- diffusion coefficient is also observed. All-solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells are constructed using the polymer electrolytes. It was found that PEUR incorporation has a beneficial effect on the enhancement of open circuit voltage VOC by shifting the band edge of TiO2 to a negative value. Scanningelectron microscope images indicate the perfect interfacial contact between the TiO2 electrode and the blend electrolyte.
摘要Bending and first flexural mode vibration behavior of electrostatic actuated nanometer-sized interdigitated cantilever arrays are characterized under vacuum conditions. The pull-in'' effect in dc driving and the hard spring effect'' in ac driving are observed. A mass sensitivity of 20 fg is expected for our devices due to the ultra-small mass of the arm and relative high Q factor. The mass-spring lump model combined with Green's function method is used to fit the dc driving behaviors including the pull-in voltage. For the ac driving case, the polynomial expansion of the capacitive force is used in the model. The successfully fittings of the pull-in voltage and the hard spring effect prove that our simulation method could be used for guiding the geometrical design of cantilever-based sensors.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:12204010,52272177Foundation for the Introduction of High-Level Talents of Anhui University,Grant/Award Number:S020118002/097+2 种基金University Synergy Innovation Program of Anhui Province,Grant/Award Number:GXXT-2023-066Scientific Research Project of Anhui Provincial Higher Education Institution,Grant/Award Number:2023AH040008Anhui Postdoctoral Scientific Research Program Foundation,Grant/Award Number:2025B1072。
摘要Flexible ionic pressure sensors(FIPS)have emerged as promising candidates for bridging the gap between electronics and biologically compatible interfaces.Unlike previous reviews,which focused primarily on materials or devices,this review presents a classification of FIPS based on mechanisms into two distinct categories:the migration-electronic type and the emerging iontronic type.Eight representative sensing mechanisms are systematically analyzed,including ionic piezoresistive,capacitive,piezoelectric and triboelectric effects(migration-electronic),as well as ionic diode,potentiometric transduction,nanofluidic and coupled nanofluidic–potentiometric transduction mechanisms(emerging iontronic).The basic force-electric response principles of each type of sensor have been described,combining theoretical derivation formulas followed by a comparative analysis of advantages,disadvantages,and key performance indicators,which have both comprehensiveness and originality.Furthermore,we highlight advanced engineering approaches integrating ionic transport materials,flexible substrates,and novel electrodes to enhance sensitivity,stability,and multi-modal responsiveness.Finally,we outline current challenges and future prospects of wearable electronics,healthcare monitoring,and intelligent robotics.By mapping the evolution of sensing mechanisms and their associated architectures,this review provides a comprehensive and forward-looking perspective on the development of next-generation ionic sensing systems.
基金supported by the US NSF (DMR-0906898)the Joint Research Fund for Overseas Chinese Scholars, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (5082830)
摘要A polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane-[60]fullerene (POSS-C60) dyad was designed and used as a novel electron acceptor for bulk heterojunction (BHJ) polymer solar cells (PSCs) with an inverted device configuration. The studies of time-resolved photoinduced absorption of the pristine thin film of poly[(4,4'-bis(2-ethylhexyl)dithieno[3,2-b:2',3'-d]silole)-2,6-diyl-alt-(4,7-bis (2-thienyl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole)-5,5'-diyl] (SiPCPDTBT) and the composite thin film of SiPCPDTBT:POSS-C60 indicated efficient electron transfer from SiPCPDTBT to POSS-C60 with inhibited back-transfer. BHJ PSCs made by SiPCPDTBT mixed with POSS-C60 yielded the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 1.50%. Under the same operational conditions, PCEs observed from BHJ PSCs made by SiPCPDTBT mixed with [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester were 0.92%. These results demonstrated that POSS-C60 is a potentially good electron acceptor for inverted BHJ PSCs.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT)(2016 R1A3B1908431,2022R1C1C1008282).
摘要CONSPECTUS:Colloidal metal halide perovskite nanocrystals(PNCs)have high color purity,solution processability,high luminescence efficiency,and facile color tunability in visible wavelengths and therefore show promise as light emitters in next-generation displays.The external quantum efficiency(EQE)of PNC lightemitting diodes(LEDs)has been rapidly increased to reach 24.96%by using colloidal PNCs and 28.9%using on-substrate in situ synthesized PNCs.However,high operating stability and a further increase of EQE in PNC-LEDs have been impeded for three reasons:(1)Colloidal PNCs consist of ionic crystal structures in which ligands bind dynamically and therefore easily agglomerate in colloidal solution and films;(2)Long-alkyl-chain organic ligands that adhere to the PNC surface improve the photoluminescence quantum efficiency and colloidal stability of PNCs in solution but impede charge transport in PNC films and limit their electroluminescence efficiency in LEDs;(3)Unoptimized device structure and nonuniform PNC films limit the charge balance and reduce the device efficiency in PNC-LEDs.In this Account,we summarize strategies to solve the limitations in PNCs and PNC-LEDs as consequences of photoluminescence quantum efficiency in PNCs and the charge-balance factor and out-coupling factor in LEDs,which together determine the EQE of PNC-LEDs.We introduce the fundamental photophysical properties of colloidal PNCs related to effective mass of charge carriers and surface stoichiometry,requirements for PNC surface stabilization,and subsequent research strategies to demonstrate highly efficient colloidal PNCs and PNC-LEDs with high operating stability.First,we present various ligand-engineering strategies that have been used to achieve both efficient carrier injection and radiative recombination in PNC films.In situ ligand engineering reduces ligand length and concentration during synthesis of colloidal PNCs,and it can achieve size-independent high color purity and high luminescent efficiency in PNCs.Postsynthesis ligand engineering such as optimized purification,replacement of organic ligands with inorganic ligands or strongly bound ligands can increase charge transport and coupling between PNC dots in films.The luminescence efficiency of PNCs and PNC-LEDs can be further increased by various postsynthesis ligand-engineering methods or by sequential treatment with different ligands.Second,we present methods to modify the crystal structure in PNCs to have alloy-or core/shell-like structure.Such crystal engineering is performed by the correlation between entropy and enthalpy in PNCs and result in increased carrier confinement(increased radiative recombination)and reduced defects(decreased nonradiative recombination).Third,we present strategies to boost the charge-balance factor and out-coupling factor in PNC-LEDs such as modification of thickness of each layer and insertion of additional interlayers,and outcoupling hemispherical lens are discussed.Finally,we present the advantages,potential,and remaining challenges to be solved to enable use of colloidal PNCs in commercialized industrial displays and solid-state lighting.We hope this Account will help its readers to grasp the progresses and perspectives of colloidal PNCs and PNC-LEDs,and that our insights will guide future research to achieve efficient PNC-LEDs that have high stability and low toxicity.
基金supported by the Research Equipment Development Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.YZ201562)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.Y72014)+3 种基金the Program of Science and Technology Development Plan of Jilin Province of China(Grant No.20170519006JH)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB20000000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.21771172,21521092,21590794,21210001)the National Key Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2014CB643802)
摘要In this work,efficient green electroluminescent(EL)devices with simplified device structure were prepared by doping trivalent terbium complex Tb(PMIP)3into hole block material Tm Py PB.The high triplet energy of Tm Py PB helps to confine excitons within light-emitting layer,while the electron transport characteristic of Tm Py PB facilitates the balance of carriers on Tb(PMIP)a3molecules.By optimizing the doping concentration of Tb(PMIP)a3and the thickness of each functional layer,highly efficient green EL device with the structure of ITO/Mo Oa3(3 nm)/TAPC(50 nm)/Tb(PMIP)a3(30 wt%):Tm Py PB(25 nm)/Tm Py PB(60 nm)/Li F(1 nm)/Al(100 nm)displayed pure Tb^3+ characteristic emission with maximum current efficiency,power efficiency and brightness up to 47.24 cd/A(external quantum efficiency(EQE)of 14.4%),43.63 lm/W and 1694 cd/m^2,respectively.At certain brightness of 100 cd/m^2,the device still maintained a current efficiency of 19.96 cd/A(EQE=6.1%).Such a device design strategy helps to improve the EL performances of Tb(PMIP)a3and to simplify device fabrication processes,thus reduce the fabrication cost.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21822504,21706070,21421004,21636002)Shanghai Science and Technology Committee(17ZR1407400,17520750100)+2 种基金China Association of Science and Technology(2017QNRC001)Eastern Scholar(TP2016018)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(WJ1714007)
摘要The development of p-i-n structured perovskite solar cells(PSCs)requires more extensive explorations on seeking efficient,low cost and stable hole transporting materials(HTMs).Small molecular HTMs are superior to polymeric ones in terms of synthetic reproducibility as well as purity.However,thin films composed of small molecules are usually labile during the solution-based perovskite deposition.Herein,we propose a molecular engineering strategy of incorporating oligothiophene as conjugation bridge to develop robust oligomer HTMs for p-i-n type PSCs.Upon increasing the oligothiophene chain length fromα-bithiophene toα-quaterthiophene andα-hexathiophene,their HOMO energy levels remain unchanged,but their solubility in common organic solvents decreased remarkably,thus greatly enhancing their tolerance to the perovskite deposition.The rational design of oligothiophene chain length can effectively tune their optoelectronic properties as well as thin film stability under polar solvent soaking.The best performance is achieved by anα-quaterthiophene based HTM(QT),showing a high efficiency of 17.69%with fill factor of 0.81,which are comparable to those of a commercially available benchmark polymer HTM(poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4-dimethylphenyl)amine],PTAA)based devices fabricated under the same conditions.Our developed oligomer system not only provides the definite molecular structures like small molecule-type HTMs,but also exhibits the excellent filmforming like polymer-type HTMs,thus achieving the well-balanced parameters among solvent tolerance,thin film conductivity,and interfacial charge transfer efficiency,especially building up a platform to develop low cost and reproducible efficient HTMs in p-i-n structured perovskite solar cells.
基金the Joint Researh Fund for Overseas Chinese Scholars, and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (50828301)the NSFC (50990065, U0634003, and 60937001)+1 种基金MOST (2009CB603601)973 project (2009CB623604)
摘要A solution-processed zinc oxide (ZnO) thin film as an electron collection layer for polymer solar cells (PSCs) with an inverted device structure was investigated. Power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of PSCs made with a blend of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and [6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) are 3.50% and 1.21% for PSCs with and without the ZnO thin film, respectively. Light intensity dependence of the photocurrent and the capacitance-voltage measurement demonstrate that the increased PCEs are due to the restriction of the strong bimolecular recombination in the interface when a thin ZnO layer is inserted between the polymer active layer and the ITO electrode. These results demonstrate that the ZnO thin film plays an important role in the performance of PSCs with an inverted device structure.