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From Local Large-Scale Health Signal Inflation to Stochastic Stationarity:A Multiple-Component Risk Recalibration Framework via Intelligent Difference-in-Differences Decomposition 认领 引用
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作者 Marco Roccetti 《Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences》 SCIE EI 2026年第5期1155-1170,共16页
Geospatial health risk signals,characterized by associations with high magnitude statistical significance,may frequently originate from circumscribed observational data streams.When these signals are fueled by massive... Geospatial health risk signals,characterized by associations with high magnitude statistical significance,may frequently originate from circumscribed observational data streams.When these signals are fueled by massive N-size datasets,the large dimensional scale of the sample can induce a misleading interpretation of local evidence as a statistically significant risk inflation.The objective of this study is to verify whether such health risk configurations constitute geospatial structural artifacts:namely,stochastic distortions generated by the spatial information of local health repositories that,despite theirmassive scale,may remain fundamentally distant frombroader contextual realities.To this aim,we present amathematical framework designed to evaluate geospatial health systemic resilience by resolving local signal inflation through a structural remodelling procedure.By integrating a Recentered Influence Function(RIF)regression and a state-tuple formalization,the model expands the analytical context beyond the boundaries of the local health data,systematically hooking into broader reference frameworks(e.g.,historical metrics and national-level standards).Through the application of a spatial Difference-in-Differences(DiD)decomposition,the local risk signal is partitioned into an explained component,justified by local covariates,and a structural unexplained component.This decomposition isolates the divergence between the observed phenomena and a broader baseline,revealing how the magnitude of a local health alarm can often be a function of ameasurement bias internal to the data-generating process.To prove the framework’s efficacy,we conducted our analysis on a large geospatial health dataset.The analysis revealed that the initial reported alarm was the byproduct of a 32.5%structural weight deficit in the high-risk stratum of the local experimental population and,most critically,a 45.1%deficit in disease occurrences within the non-exposed local baseline compared to the national reference.This exemplar modeling has demonstrated that our proposed diagnostic and corrective framework can be a useful diagnostic tool to validate the identification of a health risk,having quantified the inversion of the original signal froman initial risk factor of 1.27 to a recalibrated 0.77 value.By isolating the structural difference between local observations and extra-local references,this methodology ensures consistency between verifiable health reality and dataset-specific outcomes,detecting and mitigating structurally inflated risk signals. 展开更多
关键词 Structural health re-modelling recentered influence function geospatial systemic resilience health risk recalibration spatial difference-in-differences intelligent signal mitigation
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The Impact of the Internationalization of ESG Standards on the Trade Competitiveness of Multinational Enterprises:A Difference-in-Differences Test Based on Global Manufacturing Listed Companies 认领 引用
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作者 Yihan Wang 《Proceedings of Business and Economic Studies》 2025年第4期239-244,共6页
This paper takes global manufacturing listed companies from 2010 to 2022 as samples and uses the difference-in-differences(DID)method to empirically examine the impact of the internationalization of ESG standards on t... This paper takes global manufacturing listed companies from 2010 to 2022 as samples and uses the difference-in-differences(DID)method to empirically examine the impact of the internationalization of ESG standards on the trade competitiveness of multinational enterprises and their mechanisms.The research finds that the internationalization of ESG standards significantly enhances the trade competitiveness of multinational manufacturing enterprises,and this effect is dynamic and sustainable.The mechanism analysis indicates that the internationalization of ESG standards exerts its influence through three pathways:reducing enterprise financing costs,promoting technological innovation,and enhancing brand reputation.The heterogeneity analysis shows that this effect is more significant in enterprises from developed countries,high-pollution industries,and larger enterprises.This paper provides micro-level evidence for understanding the economic consequences of the internationalization of ESG standards and offers policy implications for multinational enterprises to cope with the global ESG rule changes and enhance their trade competitiveness. 展开更多
关键词 Internationalization of ESG standards Trade competitiveness Multinational enterprises Difference-in-differences method Manufacturing industry Online publication:September 10,20251.Introduction
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A holistic approach to evaluating environmental policy impact using a difference-in-differences model 认领 引用
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作者 Jianglong Cui Tiansen Zou +7 位作者 Hengyuan Zhao Xiaodie Zhang Guowen Li Shengwang Gao Chunjian Lv Qiuheng Zhu Lieyu Zhang Haisheng Li 《Environmental Science and Ecotechnology》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2025年第2期40-46,共7页
Environmental protection policies(EPPs)play a pivotal role in advancing sustainable development and maintaining ecological balance by establishing clear directives and standards.However,a comprehensive methodology to ... Environmental protection policies(EPPs)play a pivotal role in advancing sustainable development and maintaining ecological balance by establishing clear directives and standards.However,a comprehensive methodology to evaluate the effectiveness of these policies remains underdeveloped.Here,we employ a difference-in-differences(DID)approach to assess the effectiveness of EPPs,using the implementation of the Resident Work(RW)policy as a quasi-natural experiment.Drawing on urban-level panel data from the Yangtze River Basin between 2016 and 2021,we demonstrate that the DID model robustly evaluates the RW policy's impact on water quality improvement.Cities that adopted the RW policy experienced a 0.0098 reduction in water pollution compared to non-adopting cities.A dynamic analysis revealed progressive water quality improvements over time,with stronger effects observed in economically disadvantaged cities.Furthermore,higher policy evaluation scores correlated with greater improvements in water quality.This study highlights the utility of the DID model in quantifying EPP effectiveness and offers a scalable framework for policy evaluation in environmental management. 展开更多
关键词 Environmental protection policies Resident work policy Difference-in-differences Water quality Yangtze River Basin
Can Volunteering Cultivate Non-Cognitive Abilities of College Students?——A Causal Analysis Based on Longitudinal Survey Data and a Difference-in-Differences Method 认领 引用
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作者 HU Pingping NIU Xinchun WANG Weiping 《Frontiers of Education in China》 2025年第1期54-73,共20页
Based on personality trait theory and experiential learning theory,lots of studies have revealed a reverse causal relationship between volunteering and the non-cognitive abilities of college students.Using data from a... Based on personality trait theory and experiential learning theory,lots of studies have revealed a reverse causal relationship between volunteering and the non-cognitive abilities of college students.Using data from a longitudinal survey of college students in Hunan Province,China,this study employed the difference-in-differences method to examine the causal relationship between volunteering and non-cognitive abilities,aiming to determine whether volunteering screens or cultivates the non-cognitive abilities of college students.The findings confirmed the screening effect of volunteering on extraversion and conscientiousness and the cultivating effect on agreeableness.However,there was neither a screening effect nor a cultivating effect on emotional stability and openness.It is indicated that volunteering during college primarily screens the non-cognitive abilities of students through personality trait mechanisms,with a limited cultivating effect on non-cognitive abilities.This highlights the necessity to prompt a re-evaluation of how volunteering fulfills its educational function. 展开更多
关键词 volunteering non-cognitive abilities causal relationship difference-in-differences(DID) longitudinal survey
Regression-based estimators in difference-in-differences with time-varying covariates 认领 引用
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作者 Lihua Lin Xiaofeng Li 《Journal of Management Science and Engineering》 CSCD 2025年第3期366-413,共48页
This study proposes a regression-based estimation method in difference-in-differences settings in the presence of time-varying covariates-a scenario commonly encountered in applications.We impose only a conditional pa... This study proposes a regression-based estimation method in difference-in-differences settings in the presence of time-varying covariates-a scenario commonly encountered in applications.We impose only a conditional parallel trends assumption with timevarying covariates and plausible assumptions on the conditional expectation functions.We show that a family of causal effect parameters is exactly the coefficient estimators from our proposed regressions even in the presence of staggered treatment timing and treatment effect heterogeneity across cohorts,time periods,and covariates.These parameters can be further aggregated to the dynamic treatment effects and the overall effect of being treated.We establish the corresponding asymptotic properties.Simulation studies suggest that our proposed regression-based estimators successfully outperform in estimating the causal parameters.Finally,we apply this method to evaluate the effect of intrastate bank deregulation on income inequality in the United States in the setting of Beck et al.(2010).We find substantially different results based on our proposed method. 展开更多
关键词 Difference-in-differences Absorbing adoption design Fixed effects Regression-based estimators Time-varying covariates
Does the Environmental Supervision System Improve Air Quality in China?An Empirical Study using the Difference-in-Differences Model 认领 引用 被引量：5
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作者 CAO Zhiying WANG Liangjian WU Jiahao 《Journal of Resources and Ecology》 CSCD 2021年第5期581-592,共12页
To effectively solve the problem of environmental pollution,the Chinese government has implemented an environmental supervision system since 2002.The environmental supervision system mainly uses the four functions of ... To effectively solve the problem of environmental pollution,the Chinese government has implemented an environmental supervision system since 2002.The environmental supervision system mainly uses the four functions of supervision,investigation,coordination,and emergency response to strengthen environmental protection supervision and law enforcement,respond to environmental emergencies,and coordinate cross-regional pollution disputes.As an important system design for China to control environmental pollution and promote the ecological transformation of economic development,the policy effect of the environmental supervision system deserves attention.This paper uses the difference-in-differences method to investigate the impact of the top-down environmental supervision system on air quality based on the 2000-2016 data for 285 prefecture-level cities in China.The results indicate that the annual average concentration of PM2.5decreased significantly after the implementation of the environmental supervision system.The dynamic analysis shows that PM2.5decreased most markedly in the first year after the implementation of the policy,and then the effect gradually weakened.Mechanism analysis suggests that the environmental supervision system can break the collusion between government and enterprise,encourage enterprises to carry out technological innovation,change pollutant discharge behavior and push local governments to adjust the industrial structure,enhance environmental protection awareness to reduce the PM2.5concentration,and improve air quality.Comparing different regions,the PM2.5in East China,North China and Northeast China are relatively high,and the pressure for air pollution control is great.Meanwhile,we find that the environmental supervision system has a significant station effect.Compared with other cities,the cities where the environmental supervision centers are located are more deterred by the environmental supervision,and their air quality has improved to a significantly greater degree.In the future,we should further strengthen the environmental supervision of high-pollution areas and non-station cities,and pay more attention to improving the long-term effect of the environmental supervision system. 展开更多
关键词 environmental supervision system air quality PM2.5 difference-in-differences model
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Analysis of the Impact of Talent Introduction Policies on Urban Development Based on a Multi-Period Difference-in-Differences Model:A Case Study of the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration 认领 引用 被引量：1
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作者 Yi Zheng 《Journal of Applied Economics and Policy Studies》 2024年第11期20-32,共13页
Since the beginning of the new century,the process of globalization has deepened,prompting local governments to implement talent introduction policies to maintain sustainable urban development.Focusing on 27 cities in... Since the beginning of the new century,the process of globalization has deepened,prompting local governments to implement talent introduction policies to maintain sustainable urban development.Focusing on 27 cities in the Yangtze River Delta region,this study collects talent introduction policy texts and panel data from 2000 to 2010.Using Latent Dirichlet Allocation(LDA)for topic mining on text data,five main topics are identified:talent structure,industrial development,scientific and technological expenditures,financial development level,and innovation and entrepreneurship.To investigate the impact of talent introduction policies on these five topics and the overall level of urban economic development,this study uses the“talent introduction policy”as a quasi-natural experiment.Empirical analysis is conducted with a multi-period difference-in-differences(DID)model and double machine learning to explore the intrinsic mechanisms by which these policies empower urban economic development.The results reveal that:(1)Talent introduction policies have significantly promoted urban economic development,and this conclusion remains robust after a series of tests;(2)These policies indirectly boost urban economic development by enhancing financial development efficiency and increasing educational expenditure;(3)The economic growth-promoting effects of talent introduction policies are more evident in provincial capitals or municipalities,eastern cities,and cities with"211 Project"universities;(4)Talent introduction policies positively impact scientific and technological expenditures and innovation and entrepreneurship,negatively impact industrial structure,and have no significant effect on talent structure and financial development level.This study confirms the necessity of talent introduction policies since the beginning of the new century and provides recommendations for their continued implementation. 展开更多
关键词 Talent Introduction Policy multi-period difference-in-differences Model LDA topic model economic growth double machine learning
Broadband China Policy can alleviate city-level carbon inequality in China 认领 引用
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作者 DU Mengbing ZHANG Caijing +4 位作者 QIU Ning ZHANG Zhe LI Wen SHAN Wanyue ZHANG Li 《Regional Sustainability》 CAS CSCD 2026年第3期38-52,共15页
Understanding the role of digital infrastructure development in shaping carbon inequality(CI)is critical for promoting environmental equity in the digital era.While the digital infrastructure has expanded rapidly in C... Understanding the role of digital infrastructure development in shaping carbon inequality(CI)is critical for promoting environmental equity in the digital era.While the digital infrastructure has expanded rapidly in China,its environmental implications remain ambiguous.This study investigated the impact of the Broadband China Policy(BCP)on city-level CI using a multi-period difference-in-differences(DID)approach with data from 2005 to 2022.Results showed that the implementation of the BCP led to a 7.2%average reduction in CI.This effect operated through two key mechanisms:industrial structure upgrading and technological innovation.While cities in the eastern region reduced CI mainly through upgrading from carbon-intensive secondary industries to less carbon-intensive tertiary sectors,cities in the non-eastern region benefited from enhanced technological innovation.These region-specific pathways underscore the adaptive potential of digital infrastructure in fostering inclusive green development.These findings highlight the role of digitalization as a transformative platform for environmental equity,offering theoretical and policy-relevant insights for designing targeted,region-sensitive strategies that integrate digital and low-carbon transitions. 展开更多
关键词 Broadband China Policy(BCP) Carbon inequality(CI) Carbon emissions Industrial structure upgrading Technological innovation Difference-in-differences(DID) Digital infrastructure development
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Has the Belt and Road Initiative reshaped the ecological sustainability of Eurasia:A perspective of three-dimensional ecological footprint 认领 引用
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作者 Nan Yu Tianming Shao +1 位作者 Renjin Sun Chunming Xu 《Petroleum Science》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2026年第3期1553-1571,共19页
At present,environmental problems are becoming increasingly severe,and sustainable development concerns the common destiny of all mankind around the world.Leveraging ecological footprint and ecological carrying capaci... At present,environmental problems are becoming increasingly severe,and sustainable development concerns the common destiny of all mankind around the world.Leveraging ecological footprint and ecological carrying capacity data for Eurasia from 2000 to 2022,this study employs a three-dimensional ecological footprint model to conduct a multi-scale sustainability assessment.Further applying a difference-in-differences model,we analyze the impact mechanisms of the Belt and Road Initiative on Eurasia's ecological footprint.Quantile regression and heterogeneity analysis reveal Belt and Road Initiative's differential effects across countries.Key findings indicate that:(1)Eurasia's unsustainable development intensified from 2000 to 2022,with ecological footprint depth rising from 1.966 to 2.513 ha/cap,while per capita ecological footprint size declined slightly from 1.092 to 1.023 ha/cap.(2)Classifying 83 countries into 9 sustainability types based on ecological footprint depth and size,Asia showed weak sustainability(low size-medium depth and low size-low depth types),while Europe was primarily low size-medium depth with relatively stronger sustainability.Six countries experienced weakened sustainability and six improved.(3)The Belt and Road Initiative significantly increased ecological footprint in Eurasian countries,mediated by industrial structure,technological innovation,and foreign direct investment.Quantile regression indicates Belt and Road Initiative's effect is stronger in nations with lower initial ecological footprint.Heterogeneity analysis further shows Belt and Road Initiative disproportionately impacts countries with lower ecological footprint depth,smaller per capita ecological footprint size,and weaker sustainability.These insights provide critical guidance for implementing the UN 2030 Agenda and formulating Belt and Road Initiative policies to enhance long-term sustainability. 展开更多
关键词 Ecological footprint Eurasia The Belt and Road initiative Difference-in-differences Sustainable development
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Impact of county-to-district conversion on the urban-rural integration development: A case study from Jiangsu Province,China 认领 引用
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作者 MENG Gui WANG Kaiyong +1 位作者 WANG Fuyuan LI He 《Regional Sustainability》 CAS CSCD 2026年第2期59-74,共16页
County-to-district conversion(CDC) has restructured the pattern of urban-rural development and influenced the allocation of resources by local governments as well as the urbanization process.However,the impact and mec... County-to-district conversion(CDC) has restructured the pattern of urban-rural development and influenced the allocation of resources by local governments as well as the urbanization process.However,the impact and mechanism of the CDC on China's urban-rural integration development(URID) are not yet clear.Using panel data from 52 county-level cities,districts,and counties in Jiangsu Province of China during 2005–2021,this paper constructed an evaluation system for URID and applied the multi-period difference-in-differences(DID) model to measure the impact of the CDC on URID and identify its primary mechanisms of action.The results demonstrated that the CDC has significantly fostered URID,though with pronounced regional heterogeneity.Specifically,while the CDC facilitated URID in the southern and central Jiangsu Province—regions characterized by high socio-economic development—it exerted a less significant impact in the comparatively underdeveloped northern Jiangsu Province.Mechanistically,the implementation of the CDC promotes equal regional development,enhances rural selfdevelopment capacity,improves environmental quality and living standards,and optimizes urban-rural land allocation and transport networks.Ultimately,this study clarifies the role of the CDC in China,provides insights for achieving URID,and offers a reference for other countries pursuing coordinated urban-rural development. 展开更多
关键词 County-to-district conversion(CDC) Urban-rural integration development(URID) Multi-period difference-in-differences(DID) County-level city
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Effect evaluation of carbon sequestration of grassland ecological compensation policy:Evidence from China’s Yellow River Basin 认领 引用
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作者 Xiao Zhang Daoxiong Chen Shunbo Yao 《Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment》 CSCD 2026年第1期27-40,共14页
The Grassland Ecological Compensation Policy(GECP)is a large-scale project that has been investing in China since 2011.Despite the significant investment and long duration of the GECP,its impact on carbon sequestratio... The Grassland Ecological Compensation Policy(GECP)is a large-scale project that has been investing in China since 2011.Despite the significant investment and long duration of the GECP,its impact on carbon sequestration in grasslands remains unclear.Based on panel data from prefecture-level cities in the Yellow River Basin(YRB)from 2000 to 2020,this study explored the effects of the GECP on grassland carbon sequestration in the YRB and its heterogeneity using a time-varying difference-in-differences(TV-DID)model.Subsequently,we predicted changes in carbon sequestration in grasslands under the influence of the GECP from 2021 to 2040 using a simulation.The main conclusions are as follows:First,the implementation of the GECP promoted carbon sequestration in grasslands.This conclusion was validated after conducting a series of robustness tests.Moreover,the effects of the GECP were heterogeneous across different geographical locations,highway densities,and grassland areas.Finally,the simulation results indicated that over the next 20 years,grassland carbon sequestration will generally increase but exhibit cyclical changes.The government should align the principles and objectives of the GECP with local geographic conditions,resource availability,and socio-economic development.It must formulate and implement tailored policies that maximize the ecological protection benefits of the GECP and promote carbon sequestration in the grasslands of the YRB. 展开更多
关键词 Grassland ecological compensation policy Grassland carbon sequestration Time-varying difference-in-differences model Heterogeneity analysis Simulation test
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Analysis of impact mechanism of the Yangtze River Delta integration upon county-level air pollution 认领 引用
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作者 Dan Li Rongrong Fang +4 位作者 Yuhang Liu Cheng Tang Sanmang Wu Yalin Lei Jiaman Li 《Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment》 CSCD 2026年第1期77-93,共17页
The Yangtze River Delta(YRD)is one of China’s most economically dense regions with the most dynamic county-level economies.The YRD’s success in addressing air pollution at the county level directly affects the ecolo... The Yangtze River Delta(YRD)is one of China’s most economically dense regions with the most dynamic county-level economies.The YRD’s success in addressing air pollution at the county level directly affects the ecological security of the Yangtze River Economic Belt.This study utilizes panel data of 151 counties in the YRD from 2003 to 2022.It regards the expansion of members of the YRD Urban Economic Coordination Council as a quasi-natural experiment.This study analyzes the influence of regional integration on county-level air pollution using the difference-in-differences approach,the synthetic difference-in-differences methodology,and spatial econometrics.Our findings indicate that:(1)regional integration can significantly reduce air pollution at the county level;(2)the environmental impact of regional integration is heterogeneous,influenced by regional differences,administrative constraints,and industrial foundations;and(3)regional integration reduces air pollution through advancing industrial structure and technological innovation,along with spatial spillover impacts.Therefore,policymakers should attach importance to air quality governance in counties,deepen regional integration strategies,optimize industrial structures,enhance technological innovation,and strengthen collaborative environmental governance to continuously promote regional sustainable development. 展开更多
关键词 Regional integration Expansion of the Yangtze River Delta County-level air pollution Difference-in-differences methodology Spatial econometrics
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Can Smart City Policy Facilitate Green Technology Innovation?Microevidence from Chinese Listed Enterprises Based on Address-level Identification 认领 引用
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作者 LI Ben LI Sijia 《Chinese Geographical Science》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2026年第7期1191-1209,共19页
Smart city initiatives constitute a pivotal strategy for advancing sustainable urban development,yet their effectiveness in fostering enterprise-level green technology innovation(EGTI)remains underexplored.By leveragi... Smart city initiatives constitute a pivotal strategy for advancing sustainable urban development,yet their effectiveness in fostering enterprise-level green technology innovation(EGTI)remains underexplored.By leveraging a refined identification strategy at the address level,this study evaluates the impact of China’s Smart City Pilot Policy(SCPP)using a staggered difference-in-differences(DID)approach applied to the panel data of Chinese listed firms from 2000 to 2019.This analysis provides robust causal evidence of the effectiveness of the SCPP in driving green innovation at the firm level.The main findings are as follows:1)the SCPP significantly increases both enterprise green patents(GPN)and green invention patents(GIN),exhibiting a lagged but progressively increasing pattern over time.A series of robustness tests confirms the validity of these findings across multiple model specifications.2)Innovation subsidies and regional technological diversification emerge as key policy-induced mechanisms,demonstrating the complementary roles of an‘effective government’and an‘efficient market’.3)The policy impact is notably stronger in the initial batch of pilot implications and is more pronounced at the county-level administrative units,displaying a regional gradient that diminishes from eastern to central and western regions,with minimal effectiveness observed in northeastern China.These findings provide conceptual insights and empirical support for the development of smart cities and green transition policies,particularly in the context of transitional economies seeking to align environmental goals with innovation-driven growth. 展开更多
关键词 Smart City Pilot Policy(SCPP) enterprise-level green technology innovation(EGTI) staggered difference-in-differences(DID) policy effect heterogeneity address-level identification China
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A Study on the Impact of ESG Performance on Debt Financing Costs: Based on the Moderating Effect of Green Credit Policies 认领 引用
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作者 Ruijue Zhang 《Proceedings of Business and Economic Studies》 2026年第2期78-94,共17页
This study empirically examines the impact of corporate ESG performance on debt financing costs using a sample of non-financial listed companies on China’s A-share market from 2009 to 2024,with a particular focus on ... This study empirically examines the impact of corporate ESG performance on debt financing costs using a sample of non-financial listed companies on China’s A-share market from 2009 to 2024,with a particular focus on the moderating effect of the 2012 Green Credit Guidelines implementation.The findings reveal:(1)Strong ESG performance significantly reduces corporate debt financing costs,a conclusion that remains robust after a series of stability tests and addressing endogeneity issues.(2)Green credit policies mitigate the debt cost-saving effect of ESG performance.(3)Heterogeneity analysis indicates that this policy moderation effect is more pronounced among non-state-owned enterprises and companies in western China.This study not only provides direct financial incentive evidence for companies to actively pursue ESG strategies but also offers decision-making references for regulators to further refine green finance policy frameworks and implement differentiated guidance. 展开更多
关键词 ESG Debt financing costs Green credit policies Difference-in-differences method Moderation effects
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Pollution and carbon reduction effects of the pilot policy on clean winter heating in Northern China:Evidence from the county level 认领 引用 被引量：1
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作者 Yan Chen Jiaqi Li +1 位作者 Yue Zhang Fan Yang 《Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment》 CSCD 2025年第1期85-95,共11页
Coal dependence and inefficient decentralized heating have significantly increased China’s energy consumption for winter heating,increasing air pollution and exacerbating the greenhouse effect.In 2017,China implement... Coal dependence and inefficient decentralized heating have significantly increased China’s energy consumption for winter heating,increasing air pollution and exacerbating the greenhouse effect.In 2017,China implemented the Pilot Policy on Clean Winter Heating in Northern China,aiming to achieve high central heating coverage and cleaner energy consumption.Studying the effects of this policy can help promote its implementation and serve as a reference for effective adjustment of the contents in the future.However,few studies have investigated this policy and its carbon reduction effects,and most focus on the provincial or city levels.Therefore,this paper considers the policy’s influence on air pollution and carbon emissions at the county level to provide a precise and comprehensive assessment of the policy effects.We use panel data from 1290 counties in 15 provinces in Northern China from 2014 to 2021,applying a multiperiod difference-in-differences model to quantify the impact of the policy on carbon emissions and air quality in the pilot area.We then conduct a series of tests to demonstrate the robustness of the results and analyze the mechanisms of the policy effects from two perspectives,namely,central heating and natural gas use,through a mediating effect model.Finally,we examine the heterogeneity of policy effects between counties based on geographic location and per capita income levels of rural residents through a moderating effect model.The results reveal that the policy significantly reduces air pollution and carbon emissions in the pilot area by increasing the central heating area and natural gas use.Compared with the central and western regions in the north and areas with low-income rural residents,the policy effects in the eastern regions in the north and areas with high-income rural residents are more pronounced. 展开更多
关键词 Pilot policy on clean winter heating Pollution and carbon reduction Multiperiod difference-in-differences model County-level analysis Northern China
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Is the green credit policy useful for improving energy intensity? Evidence from cities in China 认领 引用 被引量：1
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作者 Ting Pan Boqiang Lin 《Financial Innovation》 2025年第1期919-947,共29页
The green credit policy(GCP)is an essential financial policy tool for solving the problem of environmental pollution,and urban energy conservation is an effective way to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality.However,e... The green credit policy(GCP)is an essential financial policy tool for solving the problem of environmental pollution,and urban energy conservation is an effective way to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality.However,existing research has not verified the energy-saving effects of green credit(GC)at the city level.Based on panel data from 283 cities in China,this study aims to investigate whether GC can effectively reduce urban energy intensity(EI),which is an important complement to existing research.In terms of research methods,to better evaluate the effect of the policy and exclude the influence of other relevant factors,this study considers the promulgation of the Green Credit Guideline(GCG)in 2012 as the basic event,uses the difference-in-differences(DID)model to investigate the impact of GC on EI,and discusses the main impact mechanism.The key results are follows.(1)GC can effectively reduce urban EI.(2)Public environmental demand positively regulates the negative correlation between GC and EI.(3)GC reduces EI through three main channels:government support,capital investment,and technological innovation;however,the mechanism of industrial structure has no significant effect.(4)The effect of GC is more significant in areas with large urban scales,low environmental regulation intensity,and high industrial agglomeration.Based on the above results,this study presents puts forward targeted policy recommendations to strengthen the role of GC in urban sustainable development. 展开更多
关键词 Green credit policy Energy intensity Public environmental appeal Difference-in-differences model
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Breaking down the barriers to clean air:The effects of China’s Zero-Waste City policy on PM2.5concentration 认领 引用 被引量：3
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作者 Wei Wang 《Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment》 CSCD 2025年第1期75-84,共10页
As urbanization accelerates globally,air pollution-particularly PM2.5-is becoming an increasingly significant threat,not only to public health but also the environment.In-depth research on the impact of China’s Ze... As urbanization accelerates globally,air pollution-particularly PM2.5-is becoming an increasingly significant threat,not only to public health but also the environment.In-depth research on the impact of China’s Zero Waste City pilot policy on PM2.5concentration offers valuable insights into the policy’s effectiveness and provides a potential model for environmental governance worldwide.This study employs panel data from 293 Chinese cities from 2014 to 2022 to systematically analyze the impact of the Zero-Waste City policy on PM2.5concentration using a difference-in-differences model.The findings indicate that the policy not only directly reduces PM2.5concentration but also indirectly curbs PM2.5emissions by enhancing green innovation and green economic efficiency.Moreover,the policy’s effects are found to be positively moderated by urban energy dependence and digital financial inclusion,while they are negatively moderated by the government debt ratio.Based on these findings,this study suggests that cities should actively develop their digital economy,reduce government debt,promote green innovation,and improve green economic efficiency,as doing so will enhance their implementation of environmental policies and promote sustainable urban development. 展开更多
关键词 Zero-Waste City pilot policy PM2.5 Green innovation Green economy Sustainable development Difference-in-differences model
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Practical operation and theoretical basis of difference-in-difference regression in science of science:The comparative trial on the scientific performance of Nobel laureates versus their coauthors 认领 引用 被引量：3
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作者 Yurui Huang Chaolin Tian Yifang Ma 《Journal of Data and Information Science》 CSCD 2023年第1期29-46,共18页
Purpose:In recent decades,with the availability of large-scale scientific corpus datasets,difference-in-difference(DID)is increasingly used in the science of science and bibliometrics studies.DID method outputs the un... Purpose:In recent decades,with the availability of large-scale scientific corpus datasets,difference-in-difference(DID)is increasingly used in the science of science and bibliometrics studies.DID method outputs the unbiased estimation on condition that several hypotheses hold,especially the common trend assumption.In this paper,we gave a systematic demonstration of DID in the science of science,and the potential ways to improve the accuracy of DID method.Design/methodology/approach:At first,we reviewed the statistical assumptions,the model specification,and the application procedures of DID method.Second,to improve the necessary assumptions before conducting DID regression and the accuracy of estimation,we introduced some matching techniques serving as the pre-selecting step for DID design by matching control individuals who are equivalent to those treated ones on observational variables before the intervention.Lastly,we performed a case study to estimate the effects of prizewinning on the scientific performance of Nobel laureates,by comparing the yearly citation impact after the prizewinning year between Nobel laureates and their prizewinning-work coauthors.Findings:We introduced the procedures to conduct a DID estimation and demonstrated the effectiveness to use matching method to improve the results.As a case study,we found that there are no significant increases in citations for Nobel laureates compared to their prizewinning coauthors.Research limitations:This study ignored the rigorous mathematical deduction parts of DID,while focused on the practical parts.Practical implications:This work gives experimental practice and potential guidelines to use DID method in science of science and bibliometrics studies.Originality/value:This study gains insights into the usage of econometric tools in science of science. 展开更多
关键词 Science of Science Bibliometrics Difference-in-Difference CEM PSM Nobel Prize
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Impact of the hierarchical medical system on the perceived quality of primary care in China:a quasi-experimental study 认领 引用
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作者 Yaxin Zhao Xiaohui Zhai +5 位作者 Zhongliang Zhou Zixuan Peng Chi Shen Xiaojing Fan Sha Lai Peter C.Coyte 《Global Health Research and Policy》 CSCD 2025年第1期669-679,共11页
Background Although the implementation of a hierarchical medical system(HMS)has been shown to improve the allocation of medical resources and patient health-seeking behaviour,its role in patient's perceived qualit... Background Although the implementation of a hierarchical medical system(HMS)has been shown to improve the allocation of medical resources and patient health-seeking behaviour,its role in patient's perceived quality of primary care remains unexplored.This study aimed to assess the impact of HMS implementation on rural and urban residents'perceived quality of primary care.Methods Data were obtained from the China Family Panel Study for 2012,2014,2016,and 2018.A total of 40,011 rural and 22,482 urban residents were included in the research participants for analysis.This study adopted a quasi-natural experimental design,and the multiple-period difference-in-differences method was used to capture changes in patient's perceived quality of primary care before and after the introduction of HMS.Results We found that HMS implementation declined the perceived quality of primary care by an average of 18%among rural residents(OR:0.82,95%CI 0.68-0.99),while there was no significant change among urban residents(OR:1.13,95%CI 0.87-1.46).There was a 24%reduction in the perceived quality of primary care(OR:0.76,95%CI 0.61-0.96)one year after HMS among rural residents,and there was no statistically significant difference two years after HMS.After HMS implementation,the level of perceived quality of primary care by rural patients with chronic diseases decreased by 72%(OR:0.28,95%CI 0.11-0.78).Conclusions HMS has a limited effect on improving residents'perceived quality of primary care,especially for those living in rural areas.Policymakers are suggested to establish a quality monitoring system that incorporates patient experience as an essential standard to systematically evaluate the impacts of the HMS,with more efforts being put into helping vulnerable groups such as residents under 60 years old and patients with chronic diseases. 展开更多
关键词 Primary care Patients'perceived quality Difference-in-differences Hierarchical medical system China
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A pathway to local legitimacy:the impact of corporate governance on corporate social responsibility in chaebol‑affiliated firms 认领 引用
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作者 Chune Young Chung Hoje Jo Junyoup Lee 《Financial Innovation》 2025年第1期3286-3323,共38页
Drawing on local legitimacy theory,which posits that firms seek acceptance and approval from their local community and stakeholders,we examine the effect of corporate governance(CG)quality on corporate social responsi... Drawing on local legitimacy theory,which posits that firms seek acceptance and approval from their local community and stakeholders,we examine the effect of corporate governance(CG)quality on corporate social responsibility(CSR)activities in Korea.Enhancing CG quality and engaging in CSR activities are increasingly important for firms’long-term sustainability.Using the KEJI-CSR index and the KCGS CG score,we find that CG quality positively influences CSR activities.Specifically,if the CG quality score increases by one standard deviation,CSR improves by approximately 1.6–2.3%of the mean CSR score.Furthermore,the relationship between CG and CSR is stronger for business conglomerates(chaebol-affiliated firms),suggesting that sound CG practices can promote CSR activities more effectively when the interests of management and stakeholders are better aligned.This finding supports local legitimacy theory.Our findings are robust under various tests,including difference-in-differences analysis and propensity score matching.An interesting policy implication is that multinational enterprises or foreign investors should prioritize the CG quality of their local subsidiaries or investee firms.Better CG practices can enhance CSR activities,which are essential for long-term survival in local markets.This study,however,is limited to Korea and may not be generalizable to other emerging markets with different governance structures. 展开更多
关键词 Corporate social responsibility Corporate governance Local legitimacy theory Chaebol Electronic voting system Difference-in-differences
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