The uncertainty of distributed generation energy has dramatically challenged the coordinated development of distribution networks at all levels.This paper focuses on the multi-time-scale regulation model of distribute...The uncertainty of distributed generation energy has dramatically challenged the coordinated development of distribution networks at all levels.This paper focuses on the multi-time-scale regulation model of distributed generation energy under normal conditions.The simulation results of the example verify the self-optimization characteristics and the effectiveness of real-time dispatching of the distribution network control technology at all levels under multiple time scales.展开更多
Recently software industry has paid significant attention to customizing software products across distributed boundaries.Communicating the requirements of multiple clients across distributed borders is a crucial chall...Recently software industry has paid significant attention to customizing software products across distributed boundaries.Communicating the requirements of multiple clients across distributed borders is a crucial challenge for the software customization process.Local decision-making and local development at the client site are considered methods for reducing difficulties in communicating the requirements of multiple clients across distributed boundaries.This paper introduces a new model called the onshore development model(ODM)for accomplishing the customization requests in the distributed development process of software.This model presents a scenario for enhancing the onsite development of specific requirements to reduce delays andmisunderstandings between the clients and the team involved.This model depends on moving the development process to the client’s location.Three empirical studies were conducted to evaluate the proposed model to measure its productivity,time performance,and cost reduction.The proposed model has been compared with two other models:the basic model(BM),which allocates the decision-making process and the development process for teams at the vendor’s location,and the local decision-making model(LDec),which assigns the decision-making process for team at the client’s location.The results of the empirical studies showed significant outperforming of the proposed model over the basic model and local decision-making model in productivity,time performance,and cost reduction.The productivity of the proposed model improved by 39%and 10%more than the basic model and the local decision-making model,respectively.In addition,the time performance of the proposed model became faster by 49%and 20.8%than the basic model and the local decision-making model,respectively.Also,it reduced the total cost of the development process by 31%in terms of the salaries of all persons involved in requirements collecting,decision-making,and development.展开更多
China is abundant in unconventional gas, and stunning growth of gas reserves and production therefore can be expected in foreseeable future because of the exploration and development of the gas. For the next 5 to 10 y...China is abundant in unconventional gas, and stunning growth of gas reserves and production therefore can be expected in foreseeable future because of the exploration and development of the gas. For the next 5 to 10 years, conventional gas will still dominate energy market but in a long run, its influence will weaken gradually as unconventional gas kicks in and expands. Though the exploration and development of unconventional gas in China is still at a very early stage, three Chinese oil majors have already assessed the resources, including tight gas, coal-bed methane, shale gas and gas hydrate.展开更多
Based on the theories of Development Power^19-20 and Partial Distribution^22-24, and in order to effectively describe the basic characters of economic development process, this paper establishes the analytic exponenti...Based on the theories of Development Power^19-20 and Partial Distribution^22-24, and in order to effectively describe the basic characters of economic development process, this paper establishes the analytic exponential models of DP and the model of relation between DP and productivity, classifies and discusses three states of economic development in energy-the state of normal energy, strong energy and super energy; gives the method of calculating the critical time of strong energy and super energy and the approach to describe the evolving process of economy; so we can explain in theory that the industrial development, merchandises production and market services will present the trend of diversification after the super state in energy. Finally, the author makes an empirical analysis on the results in this paper by means of the US GDP data.展开更多
This paper deals with the development of the wage distribution in the Czech Republic since 2003,according to gender.It is a development of descriptive characteristics of location,differentiation and shape of wage dist...This paper deals with the development of the wage distribution in the Czech Republic since 2003,according to gender.It is a development of descriptive characteristics of location,differentiation and shape of wage distribution,but also the development of concentration characteristic of wage distribution.Gross monthly wage of Czech employees represents the variable under research.Emphasis is placed on changes in the development of wage distribution since 2009 in connection with the onset of economic recession.The economic crisis has greatly influenced the development of the wage distribution in the Czech Republic,wage growth virtually stopped at this time.Differences in the development of wage distribution between men and women in the Czech Republic are also under this research.Development of wage distribution has been studied by modelling the distribution.Three-parametric lognormal curves are served as a theoretical probability distribution whose parameters were estimated using the L-moment method of point estimate of parameters.Dependence of gross monthly wage on gender has been the subject of research as well.This dependence was researched using one-way analysis of variance.Forecast of wage distribution of men and women in the Czech Republic for the years 2012 and 2013 is included in this research.展开更多
In recent years, along with the rapid development and needs of China’s chain commerce, more attention has been paid to the development and construction of commodity distribution centres. Numerous businessmen have inc...In recent years, along with the rapid development and needs of China’s chain commerce, more attention has been paid to the development and construction of commodity distribution centres. Numerous businessmen have increasingly recognized that one of展开更多
Pull-based development has become an important paradigm for distributed software development.In this model,each developer independently works on a copied repository(i.e.,a fork)from the central repository.It is essent...Pull-based development has become an important paradigm for distributed software development.In this model,each developer independently works on a copied repository(i.e.,a fork)from the central repository.It is essential for developers to maintain awareness of the state of other forks to improve collaboration efficiency.In this paper,we propose a method to automatically generate a summary of a fork.We first use the random forest method to generate the label of a fork,i.e.,feature implementation or a bug fix.Based on the information of the fork-related commits,we then use the TextRank algorithm to generate detailed activity information of the fork.Finally,we apply a set of rules to integrate all related information to construct a complete fork summary.To validate the effectiveness of our method,we conduct 30 groups of manual experiment and 77 groups of case studies on Github.We propose Feaavgto evaluate the performance of Feaavgthe generated fork summary,considering the content accuracy,content integrity,sentence fluency,and label extraction accuracy.The results show that the average of of the fork summary generated by this method is 0.672.More than 63%of project maintainers and the contributors believe that the fork summary can improve development efficiency.展开更多
Since China’s opening and reform began, China has attracted a large inflow of foreigndirect investment (FDI). This is largely due to the stable development of the economy,preferential policies, rich resources, cheap ...Since China’s opening and reform began, China has attracted a large inflow of foreigndirect investment (FDI). This is largely due to the stable development of the economy,preferential policies, rich resources, cheap labor, and bright market prospects. The amountof FDI actually used by China in 2004 reached US$60.63 billion, maintaining the growthmomentum that started in 2000, ranking China as second in the world. FDI’s positions inindustrial production, in industrial structure upgrade, and in import/export have beenstrengthened. The technical level has continued to rise and the number of R&D centers setup in China has been increasing. The increasing role of FDI in China’s economy hasaroused growing concern from all quarters. 2004 was a year that witnessed the mostextensive discussion among economists and other circles on the advantages anddisadvantages of FDI in China. Is the amount of FDI too much? Have foreign-fundedenterprises introduced advanced technologies? Have they produced an overflowing effect?Is there a monopoly on the domestic market by foreign capital? And does it affect economicstability and national security? (Guo Hong, 2004)展开更多
摘要The uncertainty of distributed generation energy has dramatically challenged the coordinated development of distribution networks at all levels.This paper focuses on the multi-time-scale regulation model of distributed generation energy under normal conditions.The simulation results of the example verify the self-optimization characteristics and the effectiveness of real-time dispatching of the distribution network control technology at all levels under multiple time scales.
摘要Recently software industry has paid significant attention to customizing software products across distributed boundaries.Communicating the requirements of multiple clients across distributed borders is a crucial challenge for the software customization process.Local decision-making and local development at the client site are considered methods for reducing difficulties in communicating the requirements of multiple clients across distributed boundaries.This paper introduces a new model called the onshore development model(ODM)for accomplishing the customization requests in the distributed development process of software.This model presents a scenario for enhancing the onsite development of specific requirements to reduce delays andmisunderstandings between the clients and the team involved.This model depends on moving the development process to the client’s location.Three empirical studies were conducted to evaluate the proposed model to measure its productivity,time performance,and cost reduction.The proposed model has been compared with two other models:the basic model(BM),which allocates the decision-making process and the development process for teams at the vendor’s location,and the local decision-making model(LDec),which assigns the decision-making process for team at the client’s location.The results of the empirical studies showed significant outperforming of the proposed model over the basic model and local decision-making model in productivity,time performance,and cost reduction.The productivity of the proposed model improved by 39%and 10%more than the basic model and the local decision-making model,respectively.In addition,the time performance of the proposed model became faster by 49%and 20.8%than the basic model and the local decision-making model,respectively.Also,it reduced the total cost of the development process by 31%in terms of the salaries of all persons involved in requirements collecting,decision-making,and development.
摘要China is abundant in unconventional gas, and stunning growth of gas reserves and production therefore can be expected in foreseeable future because of the exploration and development of the gas. For the next 5 to 10 years, conventional gas will still dominate energy market but in a long run, its influence will weaken gradually as unconventional gas kicks in and expands. Though the exploration and development of unconventional gas in China is still at a very early stage, three Chinese oil majors have already assessed the resources, including tight gas, coal-bed methane, shale gas and gas hydrate.
摘要Based on the theories of Development Power^19-20 and Partial Distribution^22-24, and in order to effectively describe the basic characters of economic development process, this paper establishes the analytic exponential models of DP and the model of relation between DP and productivity, classifies and discusses three states of economic development in energy-the state of normal energy, strong energy and super energy; gives the method of calculating the critical time of strong energy and super energy and the approach to describe the evolving process of economy; so we can explain in theory that the industrial development, merchandises production and market services will present the trend of diversification after the super state in energy. Finally, the author makes an empirical analysis on the results in this paper by means of the US GDP data.
摘要This paper deals with the development of the wage distribution in the Czech Republic since 2003,according to gender.It is a development of descriptive characteristics of location,differentiation and shape of wage distribution,but also the development of concentration characteristic of wage distribution.Gross monthly wage of Czech employees represents the variable under research.Emphasis is placed on changes in the development of wage distribution since 2009 in connection with the onset of economic recession.The economic crisis has greatly influenced the development of the wage distribution in the Czech Republic,wage growth virtually stopped at this time.Differences in the development of wage distribution between men and women in the Czech Republic are also under this research.Development of wage distribution has been studied by modelling the distribution.Three-parametric lognormal curves are served as a theoretical probability distribution whose parameters were estimated using the L-moment method of point estimate of parameters.Dependence of gross monthly wage on gender has been the subject of research as well.This dependence was researched using one-way analysis of variance.Forecast of wage distribution of men and women in the Czech Republic for the years 2012 and 2013 is included in this research.
摘要In recent years, along with the rapid development and needs of China’s chain commerce, more attention has been paid to the development and construction of commodity distribution centres. Numerous businessmen have increasingly recognized that one of
基金This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFB1004202).
摘要Pull-based development has become an important paradigm for distributed software development.In this model,each developer independently works on a copied repository(i.e.,a fork)from the central repository.It is essential for developers to maintain awareness of the state of other forks to improve collaboration efficiency.In this paper,we propose a method to automatically generate a summary of a fork.We first use the random forest method to generate the label of a fork,i.e.,feature implementation or a bug fix.Based on the information of the fork-related commits,we then use the TextRank algorithm to generate detailed activity information of the fork.Finally,we apply a set of rules to integrate all related information to construct a complete fork summary.To validate the effectiveness of our method,we conduct 30 groups of manual experiment and 77 groups of case studies on Github.We propose Feaavgto evaluate the performance of Feaavgthe generated fork summary,considering the content accuracy,content integrity,sentence fluency,and label extraction accuracy.The results show that the average of of the fork summary generated by this method is 0.672.More than 63%of project maintainers and the contributors believe that the fork summary can improve development efficiency.
摘要Since China’s opening and reform began, China has attracted a large inflow of foreigndirect investment (FDI). This is largely due to the stable development of the economy,preferential policies, rich resources, cheap labor, and bright market prospects. The amountof FDI actually used by China in 2004 reached US$60.63 billion, maintaining the growthmomentum that started in 2000, ranking China as second in the world. FDI’s positions inindustrial production, in industrial structure upgrade, and in import/export have beenstrengthened. The technical level has continued to rise and the number of R&D centers setup in China has been increasing. The increasing role of FDI in China’s economy hasaroused growing concern from all quarters. 2004 was a year that witnessed the mostextensive discussion among economists and other circles on the advantages anddisadvantages of FDI in China. Is the amount of FDI too much? Have foreign-fundedenterprises introduced advanced technologies? Have they produced an overflowing effect?Is there a monopoly on the domestic market by foreign capital? And does it affect economicstability and national security? (Guo Hong, 2004)