A growing global population and the increasing prevalence of diet-related health issues such as“hidden hunger”,obesity,hypertension,and diabetes necessitate a fundamental rethinking of crop design and breeding.Synth...A growing global population and the increasing prevalence of diet-related health issues such as“hidden hunger”,obesity,hypertension,and diabetes necessitate a fundamental rethinking of crop design and breeding.Synthetic metabolic engineering offers a method to modify and redesign metabolic pathways to increase the nutritional value of crops.We summarize recent advances in the biofortification of key nutrients including provitamin A,vitamin C,vitamin B9,iron,zinc,anthocyanins,flavonoids,and unsaturated fatty acids.We discuss the potential of multi-gene stacking,gene editing,enzyme engineering,and artificial intelligence in synthetic metabolic engineering.We propose future research directions and potential solutions centered on leveraging AI-driven systems biology,precision gene editing,enzyme engineering,agrobacterium-mediated genotype-independent transformation,and modular metabolic engineering strategies to develop next-generation nutritionally enhanced super crops and transform global food systems.展开更多
Carbon-based substrates in Zn-MnO2flexible batteries have issues of low adhesion to MnO2,impacting cycle stability and capacity performance.A triple-synergistic strategy integrating C-O-Mn covalent bonding,wetta...Carbon-based substrates in Zn-MnO2flexible batteries have issues of low adhesion to MnO2,impacting cycle stability and capacity performance.A triple-synergistic strategy integrating C-O-Mn covalent bonding,wettability optimization,and hierarchical mesoporous engineering via cellulose nanofibers/carbon nanotube(CNF/CNT)-modified carbon cloth(CC)was proposed.This design achieves a“surface-locking”effect between the substrate and electrode materials,which was proven through theory and experiments.Density functional theory(DFT)simulations validate the“surface-locking”mechanism,where oxygen functionalities on CNF can form robust CO-Mn bonds with MnO2,inducing an increase in MnO2adsorption energy from-0.21 e V(pristine CC)to-1.36 e V,effectively suppressing Mn dissolution.Optimal wettability(contact angle:97°)reduced Zn2+desolvation and water-induced side reactions.Hierarchical pore structures accelerated Zn2+diffusion.The optimized CC@CNF1/CNT2-MnO2cathode achieves 92%capacity retention after 2000 cycles at 1 A/g.This study highlights a surface engineering strategy that effectively addresses the individual challenges associated with interfacial adhesion,reaction kinetics,and ion transport.This strategy offers fundamental insights into electrode interface modification for the development of nextgeneration flexible energy storage systems.展开更多
Plants produce a vast array of specialized metabolites that serve as essential defenses against herbivores and pathogens.However,the capacity to produce these compounds differs substantially among plant species and is...Plants produce a vast array of specialized metabolites that serve as essential defenses against herbivores and pathogens.However,the capacity to produce these compounds differs substantially among plant species and is frequently diminished during domestication.Advances in synthetic metabolic engineering enable efficient elucidation and engineering of plant specialized metabolic pathways active in crop pest and pathogen resistance.This review summarizes strategies and workflows for selecting defensive metabolic pathways,identifying candidate biosynthetic genes,and rewiring native or introducing heterologous pathways to enhance crop resistance to pests and pathogens.Strategies include weighted gene co-expression network construction,biosynthetic gene cluster scanning,and metabolite genome-wide association studies for pathway discovery,as well as transcriptional reprogramming,enzyme activity optimization,and transporter deployment for pathway engineering.We further discuss challenges in using synthetic metabolic engineering to enhance crop resistance and highlight the potential of artificial intelligence in addressing them.展开更多
This article proposes an optimized strategy integrating bimetallic doping with interfacial wettability engineering to successfully fabricate a Ru-Co bimetallic-doped MoS2 catalyst vertically oriented on modified ca...This article proposes an optimized strategy integrating bimetallic doping with interfacial wettability engineering to successfully fabricate a Ru-Co bimetallic-doped MoS2 catalyst vertically oriented on modified carbon cloth for efficient hydrogen evolution reaction.The treated carbon cloth not only enhances its surface hydrophilicity but also provides nucleation sites for the growth of RuCo-MoS2 nanosheets.Subsequently,the development of an oriented growth induction strategy enables the vertical alignment of bimetallic atom-doped MoS2 on modified carbon cloth.This vertically grown structure is conducive to exposing more active sites,shortening the proton transport path,reducing the charge transfer impedance.Moreover,this study employs a reductive bonding technique to precisely modulate the coordination environments and electron distributions of co-doped Co and Ru bimetallic atoms,as well as significantly improving the hydrogen evolution reaction kinetics.Therefore,the as-prepared RuCo-MoS2/MCC catalyst demonstrates excellent HER performance in acidic electrolyte,exhibiting a relatively low overpotential of 62 mV at 10 mA·cm-2and a small Tafel slope of 48.2 mV·dec-1.展开更多
Pitch-derived hard carbons(HC)are promising anodes for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)due to their high carbonization yield and low cost.However,the inherent compositional heterogeneity of pitch induces non-uniform oxidati...Pitch-derived hard carbons(HC)are promising anodes for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)due to their high carbonization yield and low cost.However,the inherent compositional heterogeneity of pitch induces non-uniform oxidative cross-linking during conventional pre-oxidation,which not only renders the microstructure of HC difficult to regulate but also significantly degrades its sodium storage performance.Here,we identify the“shielding effect”of oxidation-inert components in pitch as the root cause of this structural inhomogeneity.To overcome this limitation,we propose a novel“sieving-and-reinforcement strategy”.This involves liquid-phase crosslinking to construct a polar three-dimensional(3D)carbon skeleton,followed by stepwise extraction as a molecular sieving process to remove inert components and expose the reactive skeleton,and finally,oxygen etching as a reinforcement step to drastically enhance the crosslinking density and defect population.This controllably engineered carbon skeleton in-situ evolves into an HC with a uniform hierarchical porous structure,featuring abundant ultramicropores,optimally sized closed pores(-2.15 nm),and ultrathin pore walls during carbonization.The resulting HC anode delivers a high reversible capacity of 363.3 mAh g-1at 50 mA g-1,with an impressive plateau capacity contribution of 71.5%.It also demonstrates exceptional cycling stability,retaining203.1 mAh g-1after 500 cycles at a high current density of 1000 mA g-1.This work provides a fundamental understanding of precursor engineering,paving the way for the rational design of advanced carbon materials for next-generation energy storage.展开更多
Photocatalytic transfer hydrogenation using water as the proton source has emerged as an attractive and green approach for the catalytic reduction of unsaturated bonds.Herein,we report an oxygen-defective TiO2-supp...Photocatalytic transfer hydrogenation using water as the proton source has emerged as an attractive and green approach for the catalytic reduction of unsaturated bonds.Herein,we report an oxygen-defective TiO2-supported palladium catalyst(Pd-TiO2-Ov)for efficient photocatalytic water-donating transfer hydrogenation of anethole towards 4-n-propylanisole in a high yield of 99.9%,which is significantly higher compared to the pristine TiO2-supported palladium catalyst(Pd-TiO2,74%).The enhanced performance is ascribed to the presence of oxygen vacancies,which facilitate light absorption and suppress the recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs.Furthermore,the Pd-TiO2-Ov is versatile in hydrogenating various alkene substrates including those with hydroxyl,ether,fluoride,and chloride functional groups in full conversion,thus offering a green method for transfer hydrogenation of alkenes.This study provides new insights and advances in current hydrogenation technology with water as the proton source.展开更多
Defect engineering holds great promise for tailoring the multifunctional properties of MXenes.However,quantitative correlations between defect and material performance remain largely unexplored due to the lack of a re...Defect engineering holds great promise for tailoring the multifunctional properties of MXenes.However,quantitative correlations between defect and material performance remain largely unexplored due to the lack of a reliable strategy to precisely control defect densities.Here,we demonstrate that the defect density of Ti3C2Tx MXenes—including titanium and carbon vacancies,substitutional oxygen defects,and the associated lattice strain—is precisely controlled by adjusting carbon stoichiometry during TiC precursor synthesis and aluminum content during Ti3AlC2 MAX formation.The defect densities propagate from precursors to final MXenes,enabling the fabrication of a series of Ti3C2Tx MXenes with systematically controlled defect densities.This allows a quantitative correlation between defect density and multifunctional properties including electrical and thermal conductivities,infrared emissivity,electromagnetic shielding effectiveness,Joule heating performance,and oxidation stability.The defect-minimized Ti3C2Tx MXene exhibits outstanding performance,with an electrical conductivity of 26,000 S cm−1,thermal conductivity of 57 W m−1 K−1,electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of 90.5 dB at 10μm,Joule heating performance of 263℃ at 1.5 V,ultralow infrared emissivity of 0.05,and superior oxidation resistance(activation energy of 72 kJ mol−1).Furthermore,this work establishes a comprehensive quantitative framework linking defect structure to multifunctional performance and stability.展开更多
In the realm of large-scale power system energy storage,sodium-based batteries represent a cost-effective post-lithium energy storage technology,making inorganic solid-state sodium batteries(ISSSB)a critical branch of...In the realm of large-scale power system energy storage,sodium-based batteries represent a cost-effective post-lithium energy storage technology,making inorganic solid-state sodium batteries(ISSSB)a critical branch of this development.Inorganic solid-state electrolytes(ISSEs)are the core components of sodium batteries;however,they face significant challenges such as insufficient ionic conductivity,interfacial instability,and dendrite growth,all of which severely hinder practical application.This review critically assesses experimental protocols and theoretical frameworks related to mainstream ISSEs and systematizes optimization strategies aimed at overcoming these challenges.Leveraging integrated insights from both experimental and computational studies,the review first categorizes and summarizes the primary types of ISSEs,namely oxide-,sulfide-,and halide-based electrolytes.It then details interfacial optimization strategies focused on addressing three core interfacial issues:ion transport barriers resulting from mechanical incompatibility,side reactions stemming from electrochemical mismatch,and dendrite formation.Finally,the review advocates prioritizing in-depth research that integrates experimental and theoretical approaches to establish a closed-loop methodology encompassing predictive design,multiscale investigation,mechanistic exploration,and high-throughput automated experimentation,with feedback-driven refinement.This work serves as a comprehensive reference and systematic roadmap for future research on solid-state electrolytes(SSEs).展开更多
Physical modeling is a vital tool in modern scientific research.This study provides a systematical review of progress in similitude-based physical modeling methods in geotechnical engineering since the beginning of th...Physical modeling is a vital tool in modern scientific research.This study provides a systematical review of progress in similitude-based physical modeling methods in geotechnical engineering since the beginning of the 21st century.Firstly,bibliometric methods are employed to analyze research trends and frontiers in this field,with consideration of publication trends,leading countries and institutions,and hot topics.Qualitative leaps are made in five key areas:(1)the similarity theory has advanced from the concept of simple similarity in physical quantities to the quantitative analysis of distorted similarity under complex variables;(2)similar materials have evolved from simple proportioning of materials to functional customization,with breakthroughs in transparent geotechnical materials overcoming the limitations of the conventional"black box"approaches;(3)model fabrication has advanced from rough manual preparation to the stage of intelligent and precise construction;(4)loading systems have been developed from uniaxial and biaxial loading to true triaxial loading,and from static and dynamic loading to multi-field coupling;and(5)measurement technologies have shown promising progress in characterizing multiple physical fields,including acoustic,optical,electrical,magnetic,thermal,and mechanical properties.Bibliometrics and highly cited papers confirm the crucial role of physical modeling in addressing key geotechnical challenges,such as tunnels,slopes,pile foundations,and dams.However,current research still has problems,including insufficient structural constitutive similarity,simplified environmental simulation,and low accuracy in disturbance reproduction.Future advancements are expected to be driven by interdisciplinary integration and cutting-edge technologies,steering physical modeling toward refinement,integration,intelligence,and unmanned operation.展开更多
AlGaN-based solar-blind UV photodetectors are crucial for critical applications but suffer from Fermi-level pinning that leads to high dark current.Constructing a high-barrier heterojunction interface effectively supp...AlGaN-based solar-blind UV photodetectors are crucial for critical applications but suffer from Fermi-level pinning that leads to high dark current.Constructing a high-barrier heterojunction interface effectively suppresses dark current,yet controlling the AlGaNwo-dimensional material barrier via work function modulation remains challenging.Here,we tailor the work function of MXene(3.7–4.6 eV)through surface oxidation to fabricate self-powered MXene/AlGaN van der Waals photodetectors.By alleviating Fermi-level pinning and forming a deep-depletion barrier,the device exhibits a suppression of dark current by nearly four orders of magnitude at 0 V(10-14A regime).Consequently,the device achieves a high responsivity of 15 mA/W and a specific detectivity of 2×1011Jones at 280 nm,accompanied by a rapid response time of 0.66 ms.This work validates work function engineering as a potent strategy for optimizing interface energetics and boosting the performance of wide-bandgap optoelectronics.展开更多
Pipe curtains are widely employed in underground engineering as support structures to control stratum deformation during excavation.However,a comprehensive theoretical model for accurately predicting pipe curtain defo...Pipe curtains are widely employed in underground engineering as support structures to control stratum deformation during excavation.However,a comprehensive theoretical model for accurately predicting pipe curtain deformation remains lacking.This study establishes a deformation prediction model for pipe curtains based on the smalldeflection elastic plate theory,incorporating the actual stress characteristics of pipe curtains and the effects of overlying loads.The calculation method for the bending stiffness of pipe curtains under various arrangements is derived.Using in situ monitoring data from the Pinganli Station and the Shifu Station,the model’s effectiveness is validated.Furthermore,the influence of key parameters on pipe curtain deformation under different arrangements is systematically analyzed.The results show that the proposed calculation methods achieve satisfactory accuracy for both transverse and longitudinal arrangements,with average errors of 0.9%and 19.8%,respectively,making them suitable for practical engineering applications.In addition,the transverse arrangement effectively reduces the deformation of pipe curtains induced by excavation.Among all factors,the excavation span exerts the most significant influence on pipe curtain deformation.Specifically,the maximum deformation decreases exponentially with increasing steel pipe diameter,decreases linearly with the stiffness of the grouting body between pipes,and increases exponentially with the excavation span.展开更多
The photogenerated carrier separation efficiency and material wettability are of critical importance for aqueous-phase photocatalytic reactions,achieving both simultaneously poses a significant challenge owing to the ...The photogenerated carrier separation efficiency and material wettability are of critical importance for aqueous-phase photocatalytic reactions,achieving both simultaneously poses a significant challenge owing to the inherent interdependencies and trade-offs involved.In this work,a series of isoreticular benzotrithiophene-based covalent organic frameworks(COFs)were successfully synthesized by incorporating diverse hydrophobic and hydrophilic functional groups(-OH,-F,-H)onto their skeletons,thereby modulating their characteristic charge separation and transport as well as their wettability,and systematically studied their photocatalytic H2O2 production performance in O2-saturated water under visible-light irradiation.Remarkably,the synthesized hydrophilic BTT-BD-OH-COF demonstrates the highest H2O2 production rate of 6105μmol g-1 h-1 in the absence of any sacrificial agent in pure water,attributed to its extended light absorption range,improved hydrophilicity,and enhanced photo-induced charge separation and transport efficiency.Combined experimental results and the density functional theory calculations elucidate the reaction mechanism,revealing the overall H2O2 photosynthesis via both oxygen reduction reaction and water oxidation reaction dual pathways.This study demonstrates that functional-group-mediated linker engineering is a powerful approach for significantly enhancing the efficiency of COF-based photocatalysts.展开更多
Formamidine lead-based perovskites(FAPbI3)exhibit significant potential in optoelectronic applications.Nevertheless,they encounter challenges related to δ-phase instability and reliance on toxic solvents.In this s...Formamidine lead-based perovskites(FAPbI3)exhibit significant potential in optoelectronic applications.Nevertheless,they encounter challenges related to δ-phase instability and reliance on toxic solvents.In this study,we present a green solvent-additive synergy strategy that employsγ-valerolactone(GVL)in conjunction with reductive acids like oxalic acid(OA),to stabilize α-FAPbI3single crystals(SCs).GVL enhances the stability of the precursors through the formation of FA+-GVL hydrogen bonds and high-valence[PbIx]2-xclusters,resulting in ambient-stable α-phase SCs,yielding a marked improvement in stability compared to SCs prepared with the toxic solventγ-butyrolactone(GBL).Additive modulation demonstrates that H+and reductive groups play a critical role in regulating crystallization,suppressing the δ-phase by promoting FA+dissociation and inhibiting MA+deprotonation.A solvent-involved intermediate, δ-FAPbI3-GVL,has been identified;this intermediate evolves into α-FAPbI3at a low temperature of 60℃,thereby reducing the energy barriers associated with the α to δ phase transition.In contrast,non-reductive acids and reductive ionic liquids do not inhibit δ-phase formation,with the latter even promoting the crystallization of pure δ-FAPbI3.By utilizing low-volatility OA as an additive,optimized FA0.9MA0.1PbI3single crystal thin films exhibit a low defect density of 8.3×1011cm-3.Subsequently,a photodetector was fabricated.Under zero bias voltage and 780 nm illumination,the device exhibited a responsivity of 14.5 mA/W,a detectivity of 3.75×1010 Jones,and a response speed of 149/65μs.Moreover,without any encapsulation,the device’s performance diminished by only 17%after 30 days of storage in ambient conditions,indicating remarkable stability.展开更多
The exposure of specific facets in catalysts plays a pivotal role in surface/interface reactions.This study systematically explores facet engineering as a novel approach to enhancing the piezoelectric and piezo-photoc...The exposure of specific facets in catalysts plays a pivotal role in surface/interface reactions.This study systematically explores facet engineering as a novel approach to enhancing the piezoelectric and piezo-photocatalytic capabilities of metal-organic frameworks(MOFs),with a focus on ZIF-8 as a model compound.By selectively exposing specific facets-(100),(110),and a combination of both in mixed configurations,this research examines how facet orientation affects piezoelectric properties,charge separation efficiency,and catalytic performance.The ZIF-8 samples,identified as ZIF-8-RD,ZIF-8-CUBE,ZIF-8-TRD_1,and ZIF-8-TRD2 demonstrated distinct catalytic activities in photocatalysis,piezocatalysis,and piezo-photocatalysis.Notably,ZIF-8-TRDs,with the mixed-facet exposure,showed superior catalytic performance,achieving up to 94%degradation of tetracycline(TC)in piezo-photocatalysis,a substantial improvement over the single-facet variant.This enhanced performance is attributed to the mixed facets'higher carrier concentration and superior charge separation facilitated by the increased internal piezoelectric potential.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations corroborate the experimental results,revealing that mixed facets contribute to a larger dipole moment,indicating greater structural asymmetry and piezoelectric efficiency.The findings underscore facet engineering as an effective strategy to optimize MOF-based catalysts,opening avenues for high-performance materials tailored for environmental remediation and sustainable energy applications.This work not only pioneers facet engineering in MOF piezophotocatalysts but also opens new avenues for the development and enhancement of high-performance MOF in piezoelectricity.展开更多
Developing alternative electrolytes with enhanced ionic conductivity is crucial to reducing the operating temperature of solid oxide fuel cells(SOFCs)for broader applications.Entropy engineering offers many opportunit...Developing alternative electrolytes with enhanced ionic conductivity is crucial to reducing the operating temperature of solid oxide fuel cells(SOFCs)for broader applications.Entropy engineering offers many opportunities for material design,presenting a promising avenue to develop new electrolytes.In this work,two new ceria-based electrolytes,the medium-entropy Sm0.25La0.25Pr0.25Ce0.25O2-δ(SLPC25)and low-entropy Sm0.05La0.05Pr0.05Ce0.85O2-δ(SLPC5)are designed for low-temperature SOFCs using the entropy engineering strategy,with pure CeO2as a reference.It is found that higher configurational entropy leads to enriched oxygen vacancies in the two oxides and thus enhances the ionic transport,which is verified through material characterizations,density functional theory calculations,and cell performance tests.The medium-entropy SLPC25exhibits superior cell performance(836 mW cm-2)and improved ionic conductivity(0.09 S cm-1)at 520℃as compared to those of the low-entropy SLPC5 and CeO2.Further investigation confirms the hybrid proton-oxygen ion conduction and good fuel cell stability of the SLPC25 electrolyte.This study indicates that higher entropy enhances the ionic conductivity and cell performance of ceria-based electrolytes.The entropy engineering strategy used here holds significant potential to develop advanced electrolytes for low-temperature SOFCs.展开更多
The rapid advancement of aerospace and electronic information technologies has imposed increasingly stringent requirements on microwave absorbing materials(MAMs),such as high absorption efficiency,lightweight,and envi...The rapid advancement of aerospace and electronic information technologies has imposed increasingly stringent requirements on microwave absorbing materials(MAMs),such as high absorption efficiency,lightweight,and environmental stability,making the development of advanced MAMs urgent for both civilian and national defense applications.MXenes,as an emerging two-dimensional material,exhibit great potential as MAMs due to their tunable surface chemistry,excellent conductivity,and diverse composite properties.However,existing reviews of MXene-based MAMs lack a systematic overview of the synergistic mechanisms between MXenes and other novel materials as well as composition and structure synergistic regulation strategies for performance optimization.This work comprehensively reviews the latest research progress on MXene-based MAMs,first elaborating on their various loss mechanisms,including conductive loss,polarization loss,and magnetic loss.Furthermore,various composite strategies(hybridization with carbon-based,magnetic,polymeric,and ceramic materials)and their synergistic effects are explored together with the impact of structural engineering(0D/1D/2D/3D,heterostructures,porous structures)on the tuning of electromagnetic wave absorption performance.Finally,this work discusses the current challenges and future development directions of MXene-based MAMs,aiming to establish composition-structure-function correlations and provide a reference for their future development.展开更多
Near-infrared cyanine dyes are widely employed for sensitizing lanthanide upconversion luminescence(UCL),but generally suffer from aggregation-caused quenching(ACQ)and photobleaching.Herein,we report a ligand engineer...Near-infrared cyanine dyes are widely employed for sensitizing lanthanide upconversion luminescence(UCL),but generally suffer from aggregation-caused quenching(ACQ)and photobleaching.Herein,we report a ligand engineering strategy utilizing pyridine-2-carboxylic acid(2PA)to competitively modify with cyanine dyes(e.g.,IR808)on the lanthanide-doped nanoparticles(e.g.,Cs2NaYbF6:Er,Nd).Specifically,2PA suppresses ACQ of dye via physical isolation,passivates surface defects to reduce lanthanide dopants quenching,and actively quenches singlet oxygen to enhance the photostability of the sensitized system.This synergy ultimately enhances the dye-sensitized lanthanide UCL by over one order of magnitude and shows superior photostability under continuous stimulation.Remarkably,this strategy shows universality across multiple dye-sensitized systems and demonstrates UCL enhancement and photostability improvement at the single-particle level upon high-power excitation.This work overcomes the fundamental bottlenecks in dye-sensitized lanthanide systems,offering a facile strategy for designing high-performance UCL nanoplatforms for versatile applications.展开更多
Laser additively manufactured microscale metallic lattices show great potential for high-performance applications,yet trade-offs among geometric precision,structural integrity,and computational efficiency still persis...Laser additively manufactured microscale metallic lattices show great potential for high-performance applications,yet trade-offs among geometric precision,structural integrity,and computational efficiency still persist.Here,we introduce a stereolithography file format-free(STL-free)hybrid toolpath generation method for laser-based powder bed fusion(PBF-LB)that synergizes implicit geometric modeling with optimized laser scanning strategy,overcoming these limitations.By circumventing traditional mesh-based workflows,our method directly translates implicit lattice geometries into laser toolpaths while precisely regulating energy deposition trajectories.This mesh-free process enables the fabrication of complex shell lattices with ultra-thin walls and enhanced surface quality.In addition to reducing memory usage and processing time by up to 90%,the method yields a synergistic enhancement in mechanical performance,notably improving both strength and toughness.By bridging computational design and fabrication,this framework enables the scalable production of high-performance microscale lattices and unlocks their potential for industrial applications.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the Guangxi Science and Technology Major Project(GKAA24206023)the Biological Breeding-National Science and Technology Major Project(2024ZD04077)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272120)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFF1000800)the Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Precise Breeding of Future Crops Major Project(FCBRCE-202502,FCBRCE-202504).
摘要A growing global population and the increasing prevalence of diet-related health issues such as“hidden hunger”,obesity,hypertension,and diabetes necessitate a fundamental rethinking of crop design and breeding.Synthetic metabolic engineering offers a method to modify and redesign metabolic pathways to increase the nutritional value of crops.We summarize recent advances in the biofortification of key nutrients including provitamin A,vitamin C,vitamin B9,iron,zinc,anthocyanins,flavonoids,and unsaturated fatty acids.We discuss the potential of multi-gene stacking,gene editing,enzyme engineering,and artificial intelligence in synthetic metabolic engineering.We propose future research directions and potential solutions centered on leveraging AI-driven systems biology,precision gene editing,enzyme engineering,agrobacterium-mediated genotype-independent transformation,and modular metabolic engineering strategies to develop next-generation nutritionally enhanced super crops and transform global food systems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32401531,32301530,32271814)the Innovation Project of Excellent Doctoral Dissertation of Tianjin University of Science and Technology(YB2023004)+4 种基金the China Scholarship Council(No.202408120105,202308120079,202208120049)the Young Elite Scientist Sponsorship Program by Cast(No.YESS20230242)the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin(24JCZDJC00630,23JCZDJC00630)Guangxi Key Technologies R&D Program“Research and demonstration of key technologies for preparing high-performance wood-based panels from agricultural and forestry residues”under Grant No.AB23026096the Tianjin Enterprise Technology Commissioner Project(25YDTPJC00690)。
摘要Carbon-based substrates in Zn-MnO2flexible batteries have issues of low adhesion to MnO2,impacting cycle stability and capacity performance.A triple-synergistic strategy integrating C-O-Mn covalent bonding,wettability optimization,and hierarchical mesoporous engineering via cellulose nanofibers/carbon nanotube(CNF/CNT)-modified carbon cloth(CC)was proposed.This design achieves a“surface-locking”effect between the substrate and electrode materials,which was proven through theory and experiments.Density functional theory(DFT)simulations validate the“surface-locking”mechanism,where oxygen functionalities on CNF can form robust CO-Mn bonds with MnO2,inducing an increase in MnO2adsorption energy from-0.21 e V(pristine CC)to-1.36 e V,effectively suppressing Mn dissolution.Optimal wettability(contact angle:97°)reduced Zn2+desolvation and water-induced side reactions.Hierarchical pore structures accelerated Zn2+diffusion.The optimized CC@CNF1/CNT2-MnO2cathode achieves 92%capacity retention after 2000 cycles at 1 A/g.This study highlights a surface engineering strategy that effectively addresses the individual challenges associated with interfacial adhesion,reaction kinetics,and ion transport.This strategy offers fundamental insights into electrode interface modification for the development of nextgeneration flexible energy storage systems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32402306)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences+1 种基金National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFE0203300)the China-Uruguay Joint Laboratory on Soybean Research and Innovation
摘要Plants produce a vast array of specialized metabolites that serve as essential defenses against herbivores and pathogens.However,the capacity to produce these compounds differs substantially among plant species and is frequently diminished during domestication.Advances in synthetic metabolic engineering enable efficient elucidation and engineering of plant specialized metabolic pathways active in crop pest and pathogen resistance.This review summarizes strategies and workflows for selecting defensive metabolic pathways,identifying candidate biosynthetic genes,and rewiring native or introducing heterologous pathways to enhance crop resistance to pests and pathogens.Strategies include weighted gene co-expression network construction,biosynthetic gene cluster scanning,and metabolite genome-wide association studies for pathway discovery,as well as transcriptional reprogramming,enzyme activity optimization,and transporter deployment for pathway engineering.We further discuss challenges in using synthetic metabolic engineering to enhance crop resistance and highlight the potential of artificial intelligence in addressing them.
基金the financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22108145)State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing(SKLHOP202203008)the Outstanding Young Innovation Teams of Colleges and Universities in Shandong Province(2023KJC016)。
摘要This article proposes an optimized strategy integrating bimetallic doping with interfacial wettability engineering to successfully fabricate a Ru-Co bimetallic-doped MoS2 catalyst vertically oriented on modified carbon cloth for efficient hydrogen evolution reaction.The treated carbon cloth not only enhances its surface hydrophilicity but also provides nucleation sites for the growth of RuCo-MoS2 nanosheets.Subsequently,the development of an oriented growth induction strategy enables the vertical alignment of bimetallic atom-doped MoS2 on modified carbon cloth.This vertically grown structure is conducive to exposing more active sites,shortening the proton transport path,reducing the charge transfer impedance.Moreover,this study employs a reductive bonding technique to precisely modulate the coordination environments and electron distributions of co-doped Co and Ru bimetallic atoms,as well as significantly improving the hydrogen evolution reaction kinetics.Therefore,the as-prepared RuCo-MoS2/MCC catalyst demonstrates excellent HER performance in acidic electrolyte,exhibiting a relatively low overpotential of 62 mV at 10 mA·cm-2and a small Tafel slope of 48.2 mV·dec-1.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22108309 and 22478433)the Postdoctoral Innovation Project in Shandong Province(SDCX-ZG-202203099)+2 种基金the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(ZR2023MB005)the Fundamental Research Fund for the Central Universities(No.24CX06047A)the Taishan Scholar Program of Shandong(No.ts20190919 and No.tsqn202312135)。
摘要Pitch-derived hard carbons(HC)are promising anodes for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)due to their high carbonization yield and low cost.However,the inherent compositional heterogeneity of pitch induces non-uniform oxidative cross-linking during conventional pre-oxidation,which not only renders the microstructure of HC difficult to regulate but also significantly degrades its sodium storage performance.Here,we identify the“shielding effect”of oxidation-inert components in pitch as the root cause of this structural inhomogeneity.To overcome this limitation,we propose a novel“sieving-and-reinforcement strategy”.This involves liquid-phase crosslinking to construct a polar three-dimensional(3D)carbon skeleton,followed by stepwise extraction as a molecular sieving process to remove inert components and expose the reactive skeleton,and finally,oxygen etching as a reinforcement step to drastically enhance the crosslinking density and defect population.This controllably engineered carbon skeleton in-situ evolves into an HC with a uniform hierarchical porous structure,featuring abundant ultramicropores,optimally sized closed pores(-2.15 nm),and ultrathin pore walls during carbonization.The resulting HC anode delivers a high reversible capacity of 363.3 mAh g-1at 50 mA g-1,with an impressive plateau capacity contribution of 71.5%.It also demonstrates exceptional cycling stability,retaining203.1 mAh g-1after 500 cycles at a high current density of 1000 mA g-1.This work provides a fundamental understanding of precursor engineering,paving the way for the rational design of advanced carbon materials for next-generation energy storage.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD2200505)National Natural Science Foundation of China(22202105),Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China(21KJA150003)the Innovation and Entrepreneurship Team Program of Jiangsu Province(JSSCTD202345).
摘要Photocatalytic transfer hydrogenation using water as the proton source has emerged as an attractive and green approach for the catalytic reduction of unsaturated bonds.Herein,we report an oxygen-defective TiO2-supported palladium catalyst(Pd-TiO2-Ov)for efficient photocatalytic water-donating transfer hydrogenation of anethole towards 4-n-propylanisole in a high yield of 99.9%,which is significantly higher compared to the pristine TiO2-supported palladium catalyst(Pd-TiO2,74%).The enhanced performance is ascribed to the presence of oxygen vacancies,which facilitate light absorption and suppress the recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs.Furthermore,the Pd-TiO2-Ov is versatile in hydrogenating various alkene substrates including those with hydroxyl,ether,fluoride,and chloride functional groups in full conversion,thus offering a green method for transfer hydrogenation of alkenes.This study provides new insights and advances in current hydrogenation technology with water as the proton source.
基金supported by grants from the Basic Science Research Program(RS-2025-02215065,2021M3H4A1A03047327,2022R1A2C3006227)established by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF),funded by the Ministry of Science,ICT,and Future Planning(MSIT)the National Research Council of Science&Technology(NST),funded by the Korean Government(MSIT)(CRC22031-000)+3 种基金supported by the Ministry of Trade,Industry and Energy(MOTIE)and Korea Institute for Advancement of Technology(KIAT)through the International Cooperative R&D program(P0028332)National Research Foundation of Korea’s Brain Korea 21 FOUR Postdoctoral Research Program established by the School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering,Sungkyunkwan University(2025)supported by a National Research Council of Science&Technology grant from the Government of the Republic of Korea(Ministry of Science and ICT,No.CAP22072-101)supported by the Korea Basic Science Institute(National Research Facilities and Equipment Center)funded by the Ministry of Education(RS-2025-02308784).
摘要Defect engineering holds great promise for tailoring the multifunctional properties of MXenes.However,quantitative correlations between defect and material performance remain largely unexplored due to the lack of a reliable strategy to precisely control defect densities.Here,we demonstrate that the defect density of Ti3C2Tx MXenes—including titanium and carbon vacancies,substitutional oxygen defects,and the associated lattice strain—is precisely controlled by adjusting carbon stoichiometry during TiC precursor synthesis and aluminum content during Ti3AlC2 MAX formation.The defect densities propagate from precursors to final MXenes,enabling the fabrication of a series of Ti3C2Tx MXenes with systematically controlled defect densities.This allows a quantitative correlation between defect density and multifunctional properties including electrical and thermal conductivities,infrared emissivity,electromagnetic shielding effectiveness,Joule heating performance,and oxidation stability.The defect-minimized Ti3C2Tx MXene exhibits outstanding performance,with an electrical conductivity of 26,000 S cm−1,thermal conductivity of 57 W m−1 K−1,electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of 90.5 dB at 10μm,Joule heating performance of 263℃ at 1.5 V,ultralow infrared emissivity of 0.05,and superior oxidation resistance(activation energy of 72 kJ mol−1).Furthermore,this work establishes a comprehensive quantitative framework linking defect structure to multifunctional performance and stability.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52076076, 52006065)Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities (2025JC003)Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation (3242022)
摘要In the realm of large-scale power system energy storage,sodium-based batteries represent a cost-effective post-lithium energy storage technology,making inorganic solid-state sodium batteries(ISSSB)a critical branch of this development.Inorganic solid-state electrolytes(ISSEs)are the core components of sodium batteries;however,they face significant challenges such as insufficient ionic conductivity,interfacial instability,and dendrite growth,all of which severely hinder practical application.This review critically assesses experimental protocols and theoretical frameworks related to mainstream ISSEs and systematizes optimization strategies aimed at overcoming these challenges.Leveraging integrated insights from both experimental and computational studies,the review first categorizes and summarizes the primary types of ISSEs,namely oxide-,sulfide-,and halide-based electrolytes.It then details interfacial optimization strategies focused on addressing three core interfacial issues:ion transport barriers resulting from mechanical incompatibility,side reactions stemming from electrochemical mismatch,and dendrite formation.Finally,the review advocates prioritizing in-depth research that integrates experimental and theoretical approaches to establish a closed-loop methodology encompassing predictive design,multiscale investigation,mechanistic exploration,and high-throughput automated experimentation,with feedback-driven refinement.This work serves as a comprehensive reference and systematic roadmap for future research on solid-state electrolytes(SSEs).
基金financially supported by the financialsupport from National Science Foundation of China(52325905)Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation(20242BAB25312).
摘要Physical modeling is a vital tool in modern scientific research.This study provides a systematical review of progress in similitude-based physical modeling methods in geotechnical engineering since the beginning of the 21st century.Firstly,bibliometric methods are employed to analyze research trends and frontiers in this field,with consideration of publication trends,leading countries and institutions,and hot topics.Qualitative leaps are made in five key areas:(1)the similarity theory has advanced from the concept of simple similarity in physical quantities to the quantitative analysis of distorted similarity under complex variables;(2)similar materials have evolved from simple proportioning of materials to functional customization,with breakthroughs in transparent geotechnical materials overcoming the limitations of the conventional"black box"approaches;(3)model fabrication has advanced from rough manual preparation to the stage of intelligent and precise construction;(4)loading systems have been developed from uniaxial and biaxial loading to true triaxial loading,and from static and dynamic loading to multi-field coupling;and(5)measurement technologies have shown promising progress in characterizing multiple physical fields,including acoustic,optical,electrical,magnetic,thermal,and mechanical properties.Bibliometrics and highly cited papers confirm the crucial role of physical modeling in addressing key geotechnical challenges,such as tunnels,slopes,pile foundations,and dams.However,current research still has problems,including insufficient structural constitutive similarity,simplified environmental simulation,and low accuracy in disturbance reproduction.Future advancements are expected to be driven by interdisciplinary integration and cutting-edge technologies,steering physical modeling toward refinement,integration,intelligence,and unmanned operation.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(Grant No.2023YFB3609800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62304244)+5 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2025M780550)Frontier Technologies R&D Program of Jiangsu(Grant No.BF2025032)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu(Grant No.BK20230235)the Suzhou Key Core Technology Project:Leading the Charge with Open Competition(Grant No.SYG2024104)the Welfare Applied Research Project of Huzhou(Grant No.2025GY009)the“Eagle Fund”Student Original Research Project of the USTC(Grant No.XY2025G002)。
摘要AlGaN-based solar-blind UV photodetectors are crucial for critical applications but suffer from Fermi-level pinning that leads to high dark current.Constructing a high-barrier heterojunction interface effectively suppresses dark current,yet controlling the AlGaNwo-dimensional material barrier via work function modulation remains challenging.Here,we tailor the work function of MXene(3.7–4.6 eV)through surface oxidation to fabricate self-powered MXene/AlGaN van der Waals photodetectors.By alleviating Fermi-level pinning and forming a deep-depletion barrier,the device exhibits a suppression of dark current by nearly four orders of magnitude at 0 V(10-14A regime).Consequently,the device achieves a high responsivity of 15 mA/W and a specific detectivity of 2×1011Jones at 280 nm,accompanied by a rapid response time of 0.66 ms.This work validates work function engineering as a potent strategy for optimizing interface energetics and boosting the performance of wide-bandgap optoelectronics.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52508435)the Liaoning Province Natural Science Fund Plan Doctoral Research Startup Project(No.2025-BS-0082)+2 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.N2401020)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Nos.2023A1515012159 and 2025A1515010029)the Xiaomi Young Talents Program.
摘要Pipe curtains are widely employed in underground engineering as support structures to control stratum deformation during excavation.However,a comprehensive theoretical model for accurately predicting pipe curtain deformation remains lacking.This study establishes a deformation prediction model for pipe curtains based on the smalldeflection elastic plate theory,incorporating the actual stress characteristics of pipe curtains and the effects of overlying loads.The calculation method for the bending stiffness of pipe curtains under various arrangements is derived.Using in situ monitoring data from the Pinganli Station and the Shifu Station,the model’s effectiveness is validated.Furthermore,the influence of key parameters on pipe curtain deformation under different arrangements is systematically analyzed.The results show that the proposed calculation methods achieve satisfactory accuracy for both transverse and longitudinal arrangements,with average errors of 0.9%and 19.8%,respectively,making them suitable for practical engineering applications.In addition,the transverse arrangement effectively reduces the deformation of pipe curtains induced by excavation.Among all factors,the excavation span exerts the most significant influence on pipe curtain deformation.Specifically,the maximum deformation decreases exponentially with increasing steel pipe diameter,decreases linearly with the stiffness of the grouting body between pipes,and increases exponentially with the excavation span.
摘要The photogenerated carrier separation efficiency and material wettability are of critical importance for aqueous-phase photocatalytic reactions,achieving both simultaneously poses a significant challenge owing to the inherent interdependencies and trade-offs involved.In this work,a series of isoreticular benzotrithiophene-based covalent organic frameworks(COFs)were successfully synthesized by incorporating diverse hydrophobic and hydrophilic functional groups(-OH,-F,-H)onto their skeletons,thereby modulating their characteristic charge separation and transport as well as their wettability,and systematically studied their photocatalytic H2O2 production performance in O2-saturated water under visible-light irradiation.Remarkably,the synthesized hydrophilic BTT-BD-OH-COF demonstrates the highest H2O2 production rate of 6105μmol g-1 h-1 in the absence of any sacrificial agent in pure water,attributed to its extended light absorption range,improved hydrophilicity,and enhanced photo-induced charge separation and transport efficiency.Combined experimental results and the density functional theory calculations elucidate the reaction mechanism,revealing the overall H2O2 photosynthesis via both oxygen reduction reaction and water oxidation reaction dual pathways.This study demonstrates that functional-group-mediated linker engineering is a powerful approach for significantly enhancing the efficiency of COF-based photocatalysts.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52472158,52125205,12474401)the Science and Technology Plan Project of Hebei Province(226Z1002G)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(E2025201007)the Research Innovation Team Project of Hebei University(IT2023A04)the Interdisciplinary Research Program of Natural Science of Hebei University(DXK202304)。
摘要Formamidine lead-based perovskites(FAPbI3)exhibit significant potential in optoelectronic applications.Nevertheless,they encounter challenges related to δ-phase instability and reliance on toxic solvents.In this study,we present a green solvent-additive synergy strategy that employsγ-valerolactone(GVL)in conjunction with reductive acids like oxalic acid(OA),to stabilize α-FAPbI3single crystals(SCs).GVL enhances the stability of the precursors through the formation of FA+-GVL hydrogen bonds and high-valence[PbIx]2-xclusters,resulting in ambient-stable α-phase SCs,yielding a marked improvement in stability compared to SCs prepared with the toxic solventγ-butyrolactone(GBL).Additive modulation demonstrates that H+and reductive groups play a critical role in regulating crystallization,suppressing the δ-phase by promoting FA+dissociation and inhibiting MA+deprotonation.A solvent-involved intermediate, δ-FAPbI3-GVL,has been identified;this intermediate evolves into α-FAPbI3at a low temperature of 60℃,thereby reducing the energy barriers associated with the α to δ phase transition.In contrast,non-reductive acids and reductive ionic liquids do not inhibit δ-phase formation,with the latter even promoting the crystallization of pure δ-FAPbI3.By utilizing low-volatility OA as an additive,optimized FA0.9MA0.1PbI3single crystal thin films exhibit a low defect density of 8.3×1011cm-3.Subsequently,a photodetector was fabricated.Under zero bias voltage and 780 nm illumination,the device exhibited a responsivity of 14.5 mA/W,a detectivity of 3.75×1010 Jones,and a response speed of 149/65μs.Moreover,without any encapsulation,the device’s performance diminished by only 17%after 30 days of storage in ambient conditions,indicating remarkable stability.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52302160)Beijing Municipal Education Commission(No.KM202310011007)+1 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2023M732522)the Jiangsu Funding Program for Excellent Postdoctoral Talent(No.2023ZB206)for financial support。
摘要The exposure of specific facets in catalysts plays a pivotal role in surface/interface reactions.This study systematically explores facet engineering as a novel approach to enhancing the piezoelectric and piezo-photocatalytic capabilities of metal-organic frameworks(MOFs),with a focus on ZIF-8 as a model compound.By selectively exposing specific facets-(100),(110),and a combination of both in mixed configurations,this research examines how facet orientation affects piezoelectric properties,charge separation efficiency,and catalytic performance.The ZIF-8 samples,identified as ZIF-8-RD,ZIF-8-CUBE,ZIF-8-TRD_1,and ZIF-8-TRD2 demonstrated distinct catalytic activities in photocatalysis,piezocatalysis,and piezo-photocatalysis.Notably,ZIF-8-TRDs,with the mixed-facet exposure,showed superior catalytic performance,achieving up to 94%degradation of tetracycline(TC)in piezo-photocatalysis,a substantial improvement over the single-facet variant.This enhanced performance is attributed to the mixed facets'higher carrier concentration and superior charge separation facilitated by the increased internal piezoelectric potential.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations corroborate the experimental results,revealing that mixed facets contribute to a larger dipole moment,indicating greater structural asymmetry and piezoelectric efficiency.The findings underscore facet engineering as an effective strategy to optimize MOF-based catalysts,opening avenues for high-performance materials tailored for environmental remediation and sustainable energy applications.This work not only pioneers facet engineering in MOF piezophotocatalysts but also opens new avenues for the development and enhancement of high-performance MOF in piezoelectricity.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.22109022)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.2242022k30063)+2 种基金Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.2024AFB1042)the innovation group project of the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province of China(Grant No.2024AFA037)the Postgraduate Research and Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.SJCX23_0061)。
摘要Developing alternative electrolytes with enhanced ionic conductivity is crucial to reducing the operating temperature of solid oxide fuel cells(SOFCs)for broader applications.Entropy engineering offers many opportunities for material design,presenting a promising avenue to develop new electrolytes.In this work,two new ceria-based electrolytes,the medium-entropy Sm0.25La0.25Pr0.25Ce0.25O2-δ(SLPC25)and low-entropy Sm0.05La0.05Pr0.05Ce0.85O2-δ(SLPC5)are designed for low-temperature SOFCs using the entropy engineering strategy,with pure CeO2as a reference.It is found that higher configurational entropy leads to enriched oxygen vacancies in the two oxides and thus enhances the ionic transport,which is verified through material characterizations,density functional theory calculations,and cell performance tests.The medium-entropy SLPC25exhibits superior cell performance(836 mW cm-2)and improved ionic conductivity(0.09 S cm-1)at 520℃as compared to those of the low-entropy SLPC5 and CeO2.Further investigation confirms the hybrid proton-oxygen ion conduction and good fuel cell stability of the SLPC25 electrolyte.This study indicates that higher entropy enhances the ionic conductivity and cell performance of ceria-based electrolytes.The entropy engineering strategy used here holds significant potential to develop advanced electrolytes for low-temperature SOFCs.
基金financially supported by the project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52402354,62174016,and 12374394)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2023M740471)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(Grant No.24KJB430002)。
摘要The rapid advancement of aerospace and electronic information technologies has imposed increasingly stringent requirements on microwave absorbing materials(MAMs),such as high absorption efficiency,lightweight,and environmental stability,making the development of advanced MAMs urgent for both civilian and national defense applications.MXenes,as an emerging two-dimensional material,exhibit great potential as MAMs due to their tunable surface chemistry,excellent conductivity,and diverse composite properties.However,existing reviews of MXene-based MAMs lack a systematic overview of the synergistic mechanisms between MXenes and other novel materials as well as composition and structure synergistic regulation strategies for performance optimization.This work comprehensively reviews the latest research progress on MXene-based MAMs,first elaborating on their various loss mechanisms,including conductive loss,polarization loss,and magnetic loss.Furthermore,various composite strategies(hybridization with carbon-based,magnetic,polymeric,and ceramic materials)and their synergistic effects are explored together with the impact of structural engineering(0D/1D/2D/3D,heterostructures,porous structures)on the tuning of electromagnetic wave absorption performance.Finally,this work discusses the current challenges and future development directions of MXene-based MAMs,aiming to establish composition-structure-function correlations and provide a reference for their future development.
基金supported by National Natural Science Founda-tion of China(Nos.U22A20398,22135008,22275188)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(No.2023J05072)the Self-deployment Project Research Program of Haixi Institutes,Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.CXZX-2024-JQ03).
摘要Near-infrared cyanine dyes are widely employed for sensitizing lanthanide upconversion luminescence(UCL),but generally suffer from aggregation-caused quenching(ACQ)and photobleaching.Herein,we report a ligand engineering strategy utilizing pyridine-2-carboxylic acid(2PA)to competitively modify with cyanine dyes(e.g.,IR808)on the lanthanide-doped nanoparticles(e.g.,Cs2NaYbF6:Er,Nd).Specifically,2PA suppresses ACQ of dye via physical isolation,passivates surface defects to reduce lanthanide dopants quenching,and actively quenches singlet oxygen to enhance the photostability of the sensitized system.This synergy ultimately enhances the dye-sensitized lanthanide UCL by over one order of magnitude and shows superior photostability under continuous stimulation.Remarkably,this strategy shows universality across multiple dye-sensitized systems and demonstrates UCL enhancement and photostability improvement at the single-particle level upon high-power excitation.This work overcomes the fundamental bottlenecks in dye-sensitized lanthanide systems,offering a facile strategy for designing high-performance UCL nanoplatforms for versatile applications.
基金financial support of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region University Grants Committee—General Research Fund CUHK14209523Collaborative Research Fund C4074-22G,C4002-22Y and C7074-23Gsupport by the University of Massachusetts Amherst。
摘要Laser additively manufactured microscale metallic lattices show great potential for high-performance applications,yet trade-offs among geometric precision,structural integrity,and computational efficiency still persist.Here,we introduce a stereolithography file format-free(STL-free)hybrid toolpath generation method for laser-based powder bed fusion(PBF-LB)that synergizes implicit geometric modeling with optimized laser scanning strategy,overcoming these limitations.By circumventing traditional mesh-based workflows,our method directly translates implicit lattice geometries into laser toolpaths while precisely regulating energy deposition trajectories.This mesh-free process enables the fabrication of complex shell lattices with ultra-thin walls and enhanced surface quality.In addition to reducing memory usage and processing time by up to 90%,the method yields a synergistic enhancement in mechanical performance,notably improving both strength and toughness.By bridging computational design and fabrication,this framework enables the scalable production of high-performance microscale lattices and unlocks their potential for industrial applications.