Aqueous zinc-ion batteries are a kind of attractive power supply devices due to their high energy, environmental benignity, and intrinsic safety. In recent years, tremendous enthusiasm has been devoted to the function...Aqueous zinc-ion batteries are a kind of attractive power supply devices due to their high energy, environmental benignity, and intrinsic safety. In recent years, tremendous enthusiasm has been devoted to the functionalities of aqueous zinc-ion batteries, aiming to extend their potential applications in multiple dimensions and multiple scales. Here, the latest advances in the design, construction, and performance evaluation of aqueous zinc-ion batteries are summarized. The focus is on various functionalities such as flexibility, self-healing, self-charging, and miniaturization. We also highlight the materials and structures that have been engineered to realize these functionalities. Finally, we offer some general insights into the challenges and chances in such exciting field.展开更多
Wetting condition of microanostructured surface has received tremendous attention due to the potential applications in commercial,industrial,and military areas.Surfaces with extreme wetting properties,e.g.,superhydrop...Wetting condition of microanostructured surface has received tremendous attention due to the potential applications in commercial,industrial,and military areas.Surfaces with extreme wetting properties,e.g.,superhydrophobic or superhydrophilic,are extensively employed due to their superior anti-icing,drag reduction,enhanced boiling heat transfer,self-cleaning,and anti-bacterial properties depending on solid-liquid interfacial interactions.Laser-based techniques have gained popularity in recent years to create microano-structured surface owing to their high flexibility,system precision,and ease for automation.These techniques create laser induced periodic surface structures(LIPSS)or hierarchical structures on substrate material.However,microanostructures alone cannot attain the desired wettability.Subsequent modification of surface chemistry is essentially needed to achieve target extreme wettability.This review paper aims to provide a comprehensive review for both laser texturing techniques and the following chemistry modification methods.Recent research progress and fundamental mechanisms of surface structure generation via different types of lasers and various chemistry modification methods are discussed.The complex combination between the laser texturing and surface chemistry modification methods to decide the final wetting condition is presented.More importantly,surface functionalities of these surfaces with extreme wetting properties are discussed.Lastly,prospects for future research are proposed and discussed.展开更多
To simplify the assessment method of soy protein isolate (SPI) functionalities, the viscosity and functionalities of commercial SPI products were studied. Viscosity value (y) increases With increasing concentrati...To simplify the assessment method of soy protein isolate (SPI) functionalities, the viscosity and functionalities of commercial SPI products were studied. Viscosity value (y) increases With increasing concentration (x) and exhibits a highly significant correlation with the exponential equation y = a. ebx. The b values of products are gradually enhanced from dispersion, emulsion and injected to gel type. Products with low b values (〈0.2), and high dispersivity were dispersion-type. Products having high b values (〉0.4) and gel springiness were gel-type. The other products with centered b value (0.2-0.4), high solubility and emulsifying capacity were emulsion-type.展开更多
The study provides insight into the combined effect of sorbent surface functionalities and microporosity on2,2 ′,4,4 ′-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) sorption onto biochars. A series of biochars prepared underd...The study provides insight into the combined effect of sorbent surface functionalities and microporosity on2,2 ′,4,4 ′-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) sorption onto biochars. A series of biochars prepared underdifferent conditionswere used to test their sorption behaviorswith BDE-47. The extents of sorption behaviorswere parameterized in terms of the single-point adsorption equilibrium constant (Koc ) at three equilibrium concentration (C e ) levels (0.001Sw (solubility), 0.005Sw , and 0.05Sw )whichwasdetermined using the Freundlich model. To elucidate the concentration-dependentdominant mechanisms for BDE-47 sorption onto biochars, K ocwas correlatedwith four major parameters using multiple parameter linear analysis accompaniedwith significance testing. The results indicated that at low concentration (Ce = 0.001Sw ), the surface microporosity term,which represented a pore-filling mechanism, contributed significantly to this relationship,while as concentrationwas increased to higher levels, surface functionality related to surface adsorption began to take thedominant role,whichwas further confirmed by the results of Polanyi-based modeling. Given the above results, adual mode model based on Dubinin-Radushkevich andde Boer-Zwikker equationswas adopted to quantitatively assess the changes of significance of surface adsorption aswell as that of pore fillingwith sorption processdevelopment. In addition, UV spectra of four typical aromatic compoundswhich represented the key structural fragments of biochars before and after interactionswith BDE-47were analyzed todetermine the active functional groups and supply complementary evidence for thedominant interaction force for surface adsorption, based onwhich π-π electron-donor-acceptor interactionwas proposed to contribute greatly to surface adsorption.展开更多
Acetylene coupling with ethylene dichloride,which uses both coal and oil resources,is attractive for sustainable PVC manufacturing.Herein,highly active and stable carbon nitride‐based catalysts were developed by a no...Acetylene coupling with ethylene dichloride,which uses both coal and oil resources,is attractive for sustainable PVC manufacturing.Herein,highly active and stable carbon nitride‐based catalysts were developed by a novel pre‐oxidation‐pyrolysis process,affording unprecedented dehydrochlorination activity with good durability.The best‐performing system was further modified with different precious metals(Au,Pt,and Ru)to promote the hydrochlorination chemistry between the in‐situ formed hydrogen chloride and acetylene co‐feed.The presence of metal centers intensifies the hydrochlorination activity but weakens the dehydrochlorination ability due to competitive adsorption between the two reactants at the metal sites.Superior coupling performance was achieved over C3N4/AC and single‐atom Au/C3N4/AC catalysts in cascade reactors.Our results strongly suggest that dehydrochlorination is an essential step in the coupling reaction,and the activation of acetylene and ethylene dichloride molecules requires different active sites that should be engineered in future work.展开更多
The aim of this study was to test the impact of Rhizophagus irregularis, an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF), on durum wheat growth and soil microbial functionalities in a field inoculation trial conducted in Moroc...The aim of this study was to test the impact of Rhizophagus irregularis, an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF), on durum wheat growth and soil microbial functionalities in a field inoculation trial conducted in Morocco. The results showed that i) the R. irregularis inoculum effectively improved wheat growth, ii) wheat growth promotion depended on the soil mycorrhizal infectivity and iii) functional abilities of soil microflora depended on AMF inoculation. This study confirms that field AMF inoculation can be proposed as an effective agronomic practice in wheat production and as a sustainable cultural practice to manage soil biofunctioning. To fully promote inoculation practices, a better knowledge of AMF ecology has to be acquired to better adapt AMF inoculation to environmental conditions, and thus warrant better yields and agricultural sustainability.展开更多
Organic semiconductors(OSCs)are expected to exhibit long spin lifetimes and spin diffusion lengths at room temperature owing to their inherent weak spin relaxation arising from the light-element carbon-based compositi...Organic semiconductors(OSCs)are expected to exhibit long spin lifetimes and spin diffusion lengths at room temperature owing to their inherent weak spin relaxation arising from the light-element carbon-based composition.These advantages position OSCs as a promising materials platform for spinbased information processing,which has driven the rapid development of organic spintronics,focusing on spin relaxation,spin transport,andmultifunctional integration.In recent years,with the deepening understanding of spin transport and relaxation dynamics,the spin transport performance of OSCs has been significantly improved,achieving millisecondlevel spin lifetime and hundred-nanometer-scale spin diffusion length.Concurrently,the chemical tunability of OSC structures has enabled unique optoelectronic,chiral,and hybrid interfacial functionalities,fostering the certainty of novel spinrelated functional devices and accelerating the translation of organic spintronics toward practical applications.This minireview highlights strategies for designing high-performance spin-transport OSCs through chemical and aggregation structure engineering,summarizes recent progress in spinrelated multifunctionalities enabled by OSCs,and concludes with the key challenges,along with prospects in this field.展开更多
The growing global energy demand and worsening climate change highlight the urgent need for clean,efficient and sustainable energy solutions.Among emerging technologies,atomically thin two-dimensional(2D)materials off...The growing global energy demand and worsening climate change highlight the urgent need for clean,efficient and sustainable energy solutions.Among emerging technologies,atomically thin two-dimensional(2D)materials offer unique advantages in photovoltaics due to their tunable optoelectronic properties,high surface area and efficient charge transport capabilities.This review explores recent progress in photovoltaics incorporating 2D materials,focusing on their application as hole and electron transport layers to optimize bandgap alignment,enhance carrier mobility and improve chemical stability.A comprehensive analysis is presented on perovskite solar cells utilizing 2D materials,with a particular focus on strategies to enhance crystallization,passivate defects and improve overall cell efficiency.Additionally,the application of 2D materials in organic solar cells is examined,particularly for reducing recombination losses and enhancing charge extraction through work function modification.Their impact on dye-sensitized solar cells,including catalytic activity and counter electrode performance,is also explored.Finally,the review outlines key challenges,material limitations and performance metrics,offering insight into the future development of nextgeneration photovoltaic devices encouraged by 2D materials.展开更多
A growing global population and the increasing prevalence of diet-related health issues such as“hidden hunger”,obesity,hypertension,and diabetes necessitate a fundamental rethinking of crop design and breeding.Synth...A growing global population and the increasing prevalence of diet-related health issues such as“hidden hunger”,obesity,hypertension,and diabetes necessitate a fundamental rethinking of crop design and breeding.Synthetic metabolic engineering offers a method to modify and redesign metabolic pathways to increase the nutritional value of crops.We summarize recent advances in the biofortification of key nutrients including provitamin A,vitamin C,vitamin B9,iron,zinc,anthocyanins,flavonoids,and unsaturated fatty acids.We discuss the potential of multi-gene stacking,gene editing,enzyme engineering,and artificial intelligence in synthetic metabolic engineering.We propose future research directions and potential solutions centered on leveraging AI-driven systems biology,precision gene editing,enzyme engineering,agrobacterium-mediated genotype-independent transformation,and modular metabolic engineering strategies to develop next-generation nutritionally enhanced super crops and transform global food systems.展开更多
The advantages of genome selection(GS) in animal and plant breeding are self-evident.Traditional parametric models have disadvantage in better fit the increasingly large sequencing data and capture complex effects acc...The advantages of genome selection(GS) in animal and plant breeding are self-evident.Traditional parametric models have disadvantage in better fit the increasingly large sequencing data and capture complex effects accurately.Machine learning models have demonstrated remarkable potential in addressing these challenges.In this study,we introduced the concept of mixed kernel functions to explore the performance of support vector machine regression(SVR) in GS.Six single kernel functions(SVR_L,SVR_C,SVR_G,SVR_P,SVR_S,SVR_L) and four mixed kernel functions(SVR_GS,SVR_GP,SVR_LS,SVR_LP) were used to predict genome breeding values.The prediction accuracy,mean squared error(MSE) and mean absolute error(MAE) were used as evaluation indicators to compare with two traditional parametric models(GBLUP,BayesB) and two popular machine learning models(RF,KcRR).The results indicate that in most cases,the performance of the mixed kernel function model significantly outperforms that of GBLUP,BayesB and single kernel function.For instance,for T1 in the pig dataset,the predictive accuracy of SVR_GS is improved by 10% compared to GBLUP,and by approximately 4.4 and 18.6% compared to SVR_G and SVR_S respectively.For E1 in the wheat dataset,SVR_GS achieves 13.3% higher prediction accuracy than GBLUP.Among single kernel functions,the Laplacian and Gaussian kernel functions yield similar results,with the Gaussian kernel function performing better.The mixed kernel function notably reduces the MSE and MAE when compared to all single kernel functions.Furthermore,regarding runtime,SVR_GS and SVR_GP mixed kernel functions run approximately three times faster than GBLUP in the pig dataset,with only a slight increase in runtime compared to the single kernel function model.In summary,the mixed kernel function model of SVR demonstrates speed and accuracy competitiveness,and the model such as SVR_GS has important application potential for GS.展开更多
Artificial intelligence(AI)is emerging as a transformative enabler in the development of smart textile systems,particularly those integrating powder-based functional materials.This review highlights recent progress in...Artificial intelligence(AI)is emerging as a transformative enabler in the development of smart textile systems,particularly those integrating powder-based functional materials.This review highlights recent progress in AIguided design of carbon nanomaterials,metallic nanoparticles,and framework-based powders for applications in energy harvesting,intelligent sensing,and robotic actuation.Machine learning techniques,including supervised learning,transfer learning,and Bayesian optimization are discussed for accelerating materials discovery,enhancing integration strategies,and enabling real-time adaptive control.Emphasis is placed on how AI enables multifunctional,wearable platforms that sense,process,and respond to environmental and physiological cues with high accuracy and autonomy.Representative breakthroughs in soft robotics,haptic interfaces,and assistive devices are presented,demonstrating the synergy of AI and responsive textiles.Finally,the review outlines key challenges related to data scarcity,model generalizability,manufacturing scalability,and sustainability,while proposing future directions involving multimodal learning,autonomous experimentation,and ethics-aware design.This work offers a comprehensive outlook on next-generation AI-driven textile systems that seamlessly integrate intelligence,functionality,and wearability.展开更多
The recovery of precious metals(PMs)from secondary resources is critical for addressing global supply-chain vulnerabilities and sustainable resource utilization.This review systematically examines the transformative p...The recovery of precious metals(PMs)from secondary resources is critical for addressing global supply-chain vulnerabilities and sustainable resource utilization.This review systematically examines the transformative potential of metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)as next-generation adsorbents for PM recovery,focusing on their synthesis,functionalization,and multiscale adsorption mechanisms.We critically analyze conventional pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical methods and highlight their limitations in terms of selectivity,energy consumption,and secondary pollution.In contrast,MOFs offer tunable porosity,abundant active sites,and tunable surface chemistry,enabling efficient PM capture via synergistic physical and chemical adsorption.Advanced modification techniques,including direct synthesis and post-synthetic modification,are reviewed to propose strategies for enhancing the adsorption kinetics and selectivity for Au,Ag,Pt,and Pd.Key structure-property relationships are established through multiscale characterization and thermodynamic models,revealing the critical roles of hierarchical porosity,soft donor atoms,and framework stability.Industrial challenges,such as aqueous stability and scalability,are addressed via Zr-O bond strengthening,hydrophobic functionalization,and support immobilization.This study consolidates the experimental and theoretical advances in MOF-based PM recovery and provides a roadmap for translating laboratory innovations into practical applications within the circular-economy framework.展开更多
Cucumber root rot,primarily caused by Fusarium solani,threatens global cucumber production through soil-borne infection,vascular wilt,and yield loss.Soil fumigation with Calcium cyanamide(CaCN2)effectively suppress...Cucumber root rot,primarily caused by Fusarium solani,threatens global cucumber production through soil-borne infection,vascular wilt,and yield loss.Soil fumigation with Calcium cyanamide(CaCN2)effectively suppresses soil-borne pathogens but may impair beneficial soil microbiota.This study investigated the synergistic effects of Bacillus velezensis(ZF336)inoculation on reactivating beneficial soil microbes after CaCN2 fumigation and its role in controlling cucumber root rot caused by F.solani.The physicochemical properties and microbial community structure of the soil and the health of the cucumber plants were investigated.Our findings revealed the following.(Ⅰ)The potential for hydrogen(pH)and the contents of organic matter(OM),nitrate nitrogen(NO3-N)and ammonium nitrogen(NH4-N)significantly increased after combined CaCN2 and ZF336 treatment.(Ⅱ)Combined CaCN2 and ZF336 treatment reduced the relative abundance of Fusarium and increased the relative abundances of the potentially beneficial bacteria Trichoderma and Penicillium in the soil.In addition,B.velezensis promoted the recovery of microbial communities after CaCN2 disinfection.(Ⅲ)Combined CaCN2 and ZF336 treatment improved the activities of carbohydrate enzymes,effectively promoting soil carbon metabolism and increasing the cellulase,hemicellulose and lignin decomposition abilities.In conclusion,CaCN2 combined with B.velezensis stimulated the soil microbial community structure and the activities of specific enzymes and is an effective way to control cucumber root rot disease and improve yield and soil quality.展开更多
Diabetic retinopathy is a prominent cause of blindness in adults,with early retinal ganglion cell loss contributing to visual dysfunction or blindness.In the brain,defects inγ-aminobutyric acid synaptic transmission ...Diabetic retinopathy is a prominent cause of blindness in adults,with early retinal ganglion cell loss contributing to visual dysfunction or blindness.In the brain,defects inγ-aminobutyric acid synaptic transmission are associated with pathophysiological and neurodegenerative disorders,whereas glucagon-like peptide-1 has demonstrated neuroprotective effects.However,it is not yet clear whether diabetes causes alterations in inhibitory input to retinal ganglion cells and whether and how glucagon-like peptide-1 protects against neurodegeneration in the diabetic retina through regulating inhibitory synaptic transmission to retinal ganglion cells.In the present study,we used the patch-clamp technique to recordγ-aminobutyric acid subtype A receptor-mediated miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents in retinal ganglion cells from streptozotocin-induced diabetes model rats.We found that early diabetes(4 weeks of hyperglycemia)decreased the frequency of GABAergic miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents in retinal ganglion cells without altering their amplitude,suggesting a reduction in the spontaneous release ofγ-aminobutyric acid to retinal ganglion cells.Topical administration of glucagon-like peptide-1 eyedrops over a period of 2 weeks effectively countered the hyperglycemia-induced downregulation of GABAergic mIPSC frequency,subsequently enhancing the survival of retinal ganglion cells.Concurrently,the protective effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 on retinal ganglion cells in diabetic rats were eliminated by topical administration of exendin-9-39,a specific glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor antagonist,or SR95531,a specific antagonist of theγ-aminobutyric acid subtype A receptor.Furthermore,extracellular perfusion of glucagon-like peptide-1 was found to elevate the frequencies of GABAergic miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents in both ON-and OFF-type retinal ganglion cells.This elevation was shown to be mediated by activation of the phosphatidylinositol-phospholipase C/inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor/Ca2+/protein kinase C signaling pathway downstream of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor activation.Moreover,multielectrode array recordings revealed that glucagon-like peptide-1 functionally augmented the photoresponses of ON-type retinal ganglion cells.Optomotor response tests demonstrated that diabetic rats exhibited reductions in visual acuity and contrast sensitivity that were significantly ameliorated by topical administration of glucagon-like peptide-1.These results suggest that glucagon-like peptide-1 facilitates the release ofγ-aminobutyric acid onto retinal ganglion cells through the activation of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor,leading to the de-excitation of retinal ganglion cell circuits and the inhibition of excitotoxic processes associated with diabetic retinopathy.Collectively,our findings indicate that theγ-aminobutyric acid system has potential as a therapeutic target for mitigating early-stage diabetic retinopathy.Furthermore,the topical administration of glucagon-like peptide-1 eyedrops represents a non-invasive and effective treatment approach for managing early-stage diabetic retinopathy.展开更多
Graphitic carbon nitride(g-CN)stands out as the most promising candidate for solar energy conversion owing to its easy preparation,metal-free nature,flexible molecular structure,moderate bandgap,and excellent thermal/...Graphitic carbon nitride(g-CN)stands out as the most promising candidate for solar energy conversion owing to its easy preparation,metal-free nature,flexible molecular structure,moderate bandgap,and excellent thermal/chemical stability.To enhance the performance of intrinsic g-CN,a supramolecular self-assembly strategy has been proposed to regulate the molecular structure of supramolecular precursors through non-covalent interactions across molecular building blocks,thereby optimizing the electronic structure of g-CN.This review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent progress in supramolecular self-assembly-derived graphitic carbon nitride(SM-CN)from both experimental and theoretical computational research in synthesis strategies,including synthesis methods and influencing factors,providing a theoretical foundation for the design of supramolecular assembly.It also discusses modification strategies,such as internal modification of the conjugated plane,interlayer optimization,and construction of heterointerfaces to improve the electronic structure of SM-CN owing to its unique layered structure.This review further summarizes the applications of SM-CN in environment and energy,including wastewater treatment,sterilization and disinfection/air purification,water splitting,H2O2production,organic synthesis/biomass conversion,CO2reduction,photocatalytic coupling technology.Finally,perspectives and outlooks for the future development of SM-CN aim to inspire further innovation in the design and construction of high-performance SM-CN for broader applications.展开更多
Spinal cord injury represents a severe form of central nervous system trauma for which effective treatments remain limited.Microglia is the resident immune cells of the central nervous system,play a critical role in s...Spinal cord injury represents a severe form of central nervous system trauma for which effective treatments remain limited.Microglia is the resident immune cells of the central nervous system,play a critical role in spinal cord injury.Previous studies have shown that microglia can promote neuronal survival by phagocytosing dead cells and debris and by releasing neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory factors.However,excessive activation of microglia can lead to persistent inflammation and contribute to the formation of glial scars,which hinder axonal regeneration.Despite this,the precise role and mechanisms of microglia during the acute phase of spinal cord injury remain controversial and poorly understood.To elucidate the role of microglia in spinal cord injury,we employed the colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor inhibitor PLX5622 to deplete microglia.We observed that sustained depletion of microglia resulted in an expansion of the lesion area,downregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor,and impaired functional recovery after spinal cord injury.Next,we generated a transgenic mouse line with conditional overexpression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor specifically in microglia.We found that brain-derived neurotrophic factor overexpression in microglia increased angiogenesis and blood flow following spinal cord injury and facilitated the recovery of hindlimb motor function.Additionally,brain-derived neurotrophic factor overexpression in microglia reduced inflammation and neuronal apoptosis during the acute phase of spinal cord injury.Furthermore,through using specific transgenic mouse lines,TMEM119,and the colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor inhibitor PLX73086,we demonstrated that the neuroprotective effects were predominantly due to brain-derived neurotrophic factor overexpression in microglia rather than macrophages.In conclusion,our findings suggest the critical role of microglia in the formation of protective glial scars.Depleting microglia is detrimental to recovery of spinal cord injury,whereas targeting brain-derived neurotrophic factor overexpression in microglia represents a promising and novel therapeutic strategy to enhance motor function recovery in patients with spinal cord injury.展开更多
Cerebral small vessel disease is a major vascular contributor to cognitive impairment and dementia.However,there remains a lack of effective preventative or therapeutic regimens for cerebral small vessel disease.In th...Cerebral small vessel disease is a major vascular contributor to cognitive impairment and dementia.However,there remains a lack of effective preventative or therapeutic regimens for cerebral small vessel disease.In this study,we investigated the potential therapeutic effects of MCC950,a selective NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing protein 3 inhibitor,on cerebral small vessel disease pathogenesis and cognitive decline in spontaneously hypertensive rats.Our results showed that chronic administration of MCC950(10 mg/kg)to spontaneously hypertensive rats inhibited NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing protein 3 inflammasome activation,thereby considerably suppressing the production of pyroptosis executive protein gasdermin D and pro-inflammatory factors,including interleukin-1βand-18.A decrease in astrocytic and microglial activation was also observed.We also found that MCC950 significantly inhibited autophagy.More importantly,behavioral assessment indicated that MCC950 administration ameliorated impaired neurocognitive function,which was associated with improvements in neuropathological hallmarks in the cerebral small vessel disease brain,such as blood‒brain barrier breakdown,white matter damage,and endothelial dysfunction.Thus,our findings revealed that the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing protein 3 inflammasome is a key contributor to the onset or progression of cerebral small vessel disease and suggested the potential of NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing protein 3-based therapy as a potential novel strategy for treating cerebral small vessel disease.展开更多
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD),a disease responsible for early mortality worldwide,is well accepted to be associated with periodontitis epidemiologically.Although both of the diseases are the multi-microb...Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD),a disease responsible for early mortality worldwide,is well accepted to be associated with periodontitis epidemiologically.Although both of the diseases are the multi-microbial inflammatory disease,the precise underlying mechanisms by which periodontitis influences the progression of COPD remains largely unknown.Here,we established COPD accompanied with periodontitis mouse models and observed the pronounced progress in pulmonary symptoms and histopathology,cha racterized by poorer respiratory function,thicke ned bronchial walls,and increased neutrophils infiltration in lung tissue.Mechanistically,periodontitis pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis(P.gingivalis)relocated in the lung through the respiratory tract and LPS from P.gingivalis promoted the secretion of chemokines CXCL2 and G-CSF of alveolar epithelial cells through NF-κB and p38 MAPK pathways to recruit neutrophils.Furthermore,exposure to P.gingivalis of infiltrated neutrophils released matrix metallopeptidase-8(MMP-8)and neutrophil elastase(NE),which aggravated airway inflammation and tissue damage.These findings indicated that periodontitis could exacerbate COPD via its pathogen P.gingivalis,which translocated in the lung and stimulated neutrophil chemotaxis and activation in the lung.展开更多
Functional near-infrared spectroscopy quantifies cerebral hemodynamic signals by capturing oxygenation-dependent changes in hemoglobin in a noninvasive,portable,and ecologically valid manner,providing a unique insight...Functional near-infrared spectroscopy quantifies cerebral hemodynamic signals by capturing oxygenation-dependent changes in hemoglobin in a noninvasive,portable,and ecologically valid manner,providing a unique insight into neurovascular coupling.However,functional imaging biomarkers with high ecological validity for neurological disorders such as stroke,Parkinson's disease,dementia,amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,epilepsy,spinal cord injury,and traumatic brain injury are lacking,limiting the mechanistic understanding,treatment evaluations,and individualized interventions.The aim of this review is to systematically summarize evidence from the past decade on the use of functional near-infrared spectroscopy under the aforementioned conditions,synthesize its value for revealing neural mechanisms and assessing therapeutic responses,and identify current technical bottlenecks and future directions for advancement.Collectively,the findings demonstrate that functional near-infrared spectroscopy possesses substantial and far-reaching potential for uncovering the neural mechanisms underlying disease and for evaluating treatment-induced changes in brain function.Equipped with wearable probes,functional near-infrared spectroscopy can continuously and noninvasively monitor brain activity in naturalistic environments for extended periods,thereby overcoming the limitations of conventional imaging modalities that can only acquire data under restricted settings.This capability can furnish unprecedented objective neuroimaging evidence for neuroregenerative therapy research.Moreover,the portability of functional near-infrared spectroscopy allows it to be integrated into neurofeedback training systems:hemoglobin signals can be fed back to participants within milliseconds,enabling targeted,individualized,closed-loop modulation of brain function and considerably expanding the scope of hemodynamicsbased neurofeedback.When combined with other brain function assays(such as electroencephalography)and intervention techniques(such as transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation),functional near-infrared spectroscopy also supplies high-temporal-resolution hemodynamic information,laying a critical foundation for the construction of high-precision noninvasive brain–computer interfaces,real-time cognitivestate decoding,and adaptive neuromodulation.Admittedly,almost all existing functional near-infrared spectroscopy studies are still observational and have small sample sizes,short follow-ups,and insufficient controls—shortcomings that together produce low-grade evidence.Therefore,there is still a significant gap before clinical translation can be achieved.Technically,the limited penetration depth of functional near-infrared spectroscopy restricts sampling to the superficial cortex,leaving deep nuclei largely unreachable.In addition,no consensus exists across devices regarding optode layout,light-source choice,motion-artifact correction,or analytical pipelines,creating pronounced heterogeneity that undermines reproducibility.With artificial intelligence and big data analytics advancing rapidly,functional near-infrared spectroscopy embedded within multimodal fusion frameworks is now poised to systematically map aberrant brain function signatures of neurological disorders,identify pathological regions suitable for targeted intervention,and provide real-time assessments of functional changes produced by neuroregenerative therapies.展开更多
The work is conducted to uncover and simulate the dependence of the evolving anisotropic-asymmetric yield behavior on the temperature for an Mg-Gd-Y alloy.Experiments were carried out at 25~300℃,including uniaxial te...The work is conducted to uncover and simulate the dependence of the evolving anisotropic-asymmetric yield behavior on the temperature for an Mg-Gd-Y alloy.Experiments were carried out at 25~300℃,including uniaxial tension and compression.The strength is observed to decrease non-linearly as the temperature increases.Thermal softening effect is not significant when the temperature is lower than 200℃,but the strength decreases dramatically at high temperature than 250℃.Tension-compression asymmetry and anisotropy are observed to be strongly and nonlinearly dependent on strain and temperature.The temperature effect is taken into account in a combined Swift-Voce(SVT)model to predict the temperature-dependent strain hardening behavior with a higher accuracy than the traditional Johnson-Cook and Zerilli-Armstrong equations.An analytical Yoon2014(A-Yoon2014)yield function is established to capture the evolving anisotropicasymmetric behavior with respect to strain and temperature.The predicted force-stroke curves of the A-Yoon2014+SVT model are closer to the experimental results of the three-point bending process than the numerical results of the original Yoon2014+SVT model.Given its userfriendliness and high accuracy for the modeling of temperature-dependent anisotropic-asymmetric hardening behavior,the A-Yoon2014+SVT model is recommended to be utilized in the numerical simulation of plastic forming process for hexagonal close-packed metals.展开更多
基金Sponsored by the Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province (Grant No.202103021223019)the Science and Technology Major Project of Shanxi (Grant No. 202101030201022)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.52172219, 51872192)the Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China (Grant No.19KJA170001)。
摘要Aqueous zinc-ion batteries are a kind of attractive power supply devices due to their high energy, environmental benignity, and intrinsic safety. In recent years, tremendous enthusiasm has been devoted to the functionalities of aqueous zinc-ion batteries, aiming to extend their potential applications in multiple dimensions and multiple scales. Here, the latest advances in the design, construction, and performance evaluation of aqueous zinc-ion batteries are summarized. The focus is on various functionalities such as flexibility, self-healing, self-charging, and miniaturization. We also highlight the materials and structures that have been engineered to realize these functionalities. Finally, we offer some general insights into the challenges and chances in such exciting field.
基金Project(52105175)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(BK20210235)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,ChinaProject(JSSCBS20210121)supported by the Jiangsu Provincial Innovative and Entrepreneurial Doctor Program,China。
摘要Wetting condition of microanostructured surface has received tremendous attention due to the potential applications in commercial,industrial,and military areas.Surfaces with extreme wetting properties,e.g.,superhydrophobic or superhydrophilic,are extensively employed due to their superior anti-icing,drag reduction,enhanced boiling heat transfer,self-cleaning,and anti-bacterial properties depending on solid-liquid interfacial interactions.Laser-based techniques have gained popularity in recent years to create microano-structured surface owing to their high flexibility,system precision,and ease for automation.These techniques create laser induced periodic surface structures(LIPSS)or hierarchical structures on substrate material.However,microanostructures alone cannot attain the desired wettability.Subsequent modification of surface chemistry is essentially needed to achieve target extreme wettability.This review paper aims to provide a comprehensive review for both laser texturing techniques and the following chemistry modification methods.Recent research progress and fundamental mechanisms of surface structure generation via different types of lasers and various chemistry modification methods are discussed.The complex combination between the laser texturing and surface chemistry modification methods to decide the final wetting condition is presented.More importantly,surface functionalities of these surfaces with extreme wetting properties are discussed.Lastly,prospects for future research are proposed and discussed.
基金supported by the National Key Technologies Research and Development Program(No. 2012BAD34B04)Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China
摘要To simplify the assessment method of soy protein isolate (SPI) functionalities, the viscosity and functionalities of commercial SPI products were studied. Viscosity value (y) increases With increasing concentration (x) and exhibits a highly significant correlation with the exponential equation y = a. ebx. The b values of products are gradually enhanced from dispersion, emulsion and injected to gel type. Products with low b values (〈0.2), and high dispersivity were dispersion-type. Products having high b values (〉0.4) and gel springiness were gel-type. The other products with centered b value (0.2-0.4), high solubility and emulsifying capacity were emulsion-type.
基金supported by the Special Environmental Research Funds for Public Welfare(No.201209053)
摘要The study provides insight into the combined effect of sorbent surface functionalities and microporosity on2,2 ′,4,4 ′-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) sorption onto biochars. A series of biochars prepared underdifferent conditionswere used to test their sorption behaviorswith BDE-47. The extents of sorption behaviorswere parameterized in terms of the single-point adsorption equilibrium constant (Koc ) at three equilibrium concentration (C e ) levels (0.001Sw (solubility), 0.005Sw , and 0.05Sw )whichwasdetermined using the Freundlich model. To elucidate the concentration-dependentdominant mechanisms for BDE-47 sorption onto biochars, K ocwas correlatedwith four major parameters using multiple parameter linear analysis accompaniedwith significance testing. The results indicated that at low concentration (Ce = 0.001Sw ), the surface microporosity term,which represented a pore-filling mechanism, contributed significantly to this relationship,while as concentrationwas increased to higher levels, surface functionality related to surface adsorption began to take thedominant role,whichwas further confirmed by the results of Polanyi-based modeling. Given the above results, adual mode model based on Dubinin-Radushkevich andde Boer-Zwikker equationswas adopted to quantitatively assess the changes of significance of surface adsorption aswell as that of pore fillingwith sorption processdevelopment. In addition, UV spectra of four typical aromatic compoundswhich represented the key structural fragments of biochars before and after interactionswith BDE-47were analyzed todetermine the active functional groups and supply complementary evidence for thedominant interaction force for surface adsorption, based onwhich π-π electron-donor-acceptor interactionwas proposed to contribute greatly to surface adsorption.
摘要Acetylene coupling with ethylene dichloride,which uses both coal and oil resources,is attractive for sustainable PVC manufacturing.Herein,highly active and stable carbon nitride‐based catalysts were developed by a novel pre‐oxidation‐pyrolysis process,affording unprecedented dehydrochlorination activity with good durability.The best‐performing system was further modified with different precious metals(Au,Pt,and Ru)to promote the hydrochlorination chemistry between the in‐situ formed hydrogen chloride and acetylene co‐feed.The presence of metal centers intensifies the hydrochlorination activity but weakens the dehydrochlorination ability due to competitive adsorption between the two reactants at the metal sites.Superior coupling performance was achieved over C3N4/AC and single‐atom Au/C3N4/AC catalysts in cascade reactors.Our results strongly suggest that dehydrochlorination is an essential step in the coupling reaction,and the activation of acetylene and ethylene dichloride molecules requires different active sites that should be engineered in future work.
摘要The aim of this study was to test the impact of Rhizophagus irregularis, an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF), on durum wheat growth and soil microbial functionalities in a field inoculation trial conducted in Morocco. The results showed that i) the R. irregularis inoculum effectively improved wheat growth, ii) wheat growth promotion depended on the soil mycorrhizal infectivity and iii) functional abilities of soil microflora depended on AMF inoculation. This study confirms that field AMF inoculation can be proposed as an effective agronomic practice in wheat production and as a sustainable cultural practice to manage soil biofunctioning. To fully promote inoculation practices, a better knowledge of AMF ecology has to be acquired to better adapt AMF inoculation to environmental conditions, and thus warrant better yields and agricultural sustainability.
基金supported financially by the National Key R&D program of China(grant no.2024YFA1209600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant nos.W2411042,22175047,52473170,and 52303225)+6 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CASgrant nos.XDB0520000 and XDB1300000)the Beijing Nova Program,China(grant no.20240484551)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(CPSFgrant nos.GZC20230635,2024T170203,and 2024M760684)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(grant no.GZB20250272)the CAS Pioneer Hundred Talents Program,and Distinguished Professor Fund of Taishan Scholars,China.
摘要Organic semiconductors(OSCs)are expected to exhibit long spin lifetimes and spin diffusion lengths at room temperature owing to their inherent weak spin relaxation arising from the light-element carbon-based composition.These advantages position OSCs as a promising materials platform for spinbased information processing,which has driven the rapid development of organic spintronics,focusing on spin relaxation,spin transport,andmultifunctional integration.In recent years,with the deepening understanding of spin transport and relaxation dynamics,the spin transport performance of OSCs has been significantly improved,achieving millisecondlevel spin lifetime and hundred-nanometer-scale spin diffusion length.Concurrently,the chemical tunability of OSC structures has enabled unique optoelectronic,chiral,and hybrid interfacial functionalities,fostering the certainty of novel spinrelated functional devices and accelerating the translation of organic spintronics toward practical applications.This minireview highlights strategies for designing high-performance spin-transport OSCs through chemical and aggregation structure engineering,summarizes recent progress in spinrelated multifunctionalities enabled by OSCs,and concludes with the key challenges,along with prospects in this field.
基金supported by the IITP(Institute of Information & Communications Technology Planning & Evaluation)-ITRC(Information Technology Research Center) grant funded by the Korea government(Ministry of Science and ICT) (IITP-2025-RS-2024-00437191, and RS-2025-02303505)partly supported by the Korea Basic Science Institute (National Research Facilities and Equipment Center) grant funded by the Ministry of Education. (No. 2022R1A6C101A774)the Deanship of Research and Graduate Studies at King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia, through Large Research Project under grant number RGP-2/527/46
摘要The growing global energy demand and worsening climate change highlight the urgent need for clean,efficient and sustainable energy solutions.Among emerging technologies,atomically thin two-dimensional(2D)materials offer unique advantages in photovoltaics due to their tunable optoelectronic properties,high surface area and efficient charge transport capabilities.This review explores recent progress in photovoltaics incorporating 2D materials,focusing on their application as hole and electron transport layers to optimize bandgap alignment,enhance carrier mobility and improve chemical stability.A comprehensive analysis is presented on perovskite solar cells utilizing 2D materials,with a particular focus on strategies to enhance crystallization,passivate defects and improve overall cell efficiency.Additionally,the application of 2D materials in organic solar cells is examined,particularly for reducing recombination losses and enhancing charge extraction through work function modification.Their impact on dye-sensitized solar cells,including catalytic activity and counter electrode performance,is also explored.Finally,the review outlines key challenges,material limitations and performance metrics,offering insight into the future development of nextgeneration photovoltaic devices encouraged by 2D materials.
基金supported by grants from the Guangxi Science and Technology Major Project(GKAA24206023)the Biological Breeding-National Science and Technology Major Project(2024ZD04077)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272120)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFF1000800)the Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Precise Breeding of Future Crops Major Project(FCBRCE-202502,FCBRCE-202504).
摘要A growing global population and the increasing prevalence of diet-related health issues such as“hidden hunger”,obesity,hypertension,and diabetes necessitate a fundamental rethinking of crop design and breeding.Synthetic metabolic engineering offers a method to modify and redesign metabolic pathways to increase the nutritional value of crops.We summarize recent advances in the biofortification of key nutrients including provitamin A,vitamin C,vitamin B9,iron,zinc,anthocyanins,flavonoids,and unsaturated fatty acids.We discuss the potential of multi-gene stacking,gene editing,enzyme engineering,and artificial intelligence in synthetic metabolic engineering.We propose future research directions and potential solutions centered on leveraging AI-driven systems biology,precision gene editing,enzyme engineering,agrobacterium-mediated genotype-independent transformation,and modular metabolic engineering strategies to develop next-generation nutritionally enhanced super crops and transform global food systems.
基金supported by the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARAthe National Natural Science Foundation of China (31872337 and 31501919)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Project,China (ASTIP-IAS02)。
摘要The advantages of genome selection(GS) in animal and plant breeding are self-evident.Traditional parametric models have disadvantage in better fit the increasingly large sequencing data and capture complex effects accurately.Machine learning models have demonstrated remarkable potential in addressing these challenges.In this study,we introduced the concept of mixed kernel functions to explore the performance of support vector machine regression(SVR) in GS.Six single kernel functions(SVR_L,SVR_C,SVR_G,SVR_P,SVR_S,SVR_L) and four mixed kernel functions(SVR_GS,SVR_GP,SVR_LS,SVR_LP) were used to predict genome breeding values.The prediction accuracy,mean squared error(MSE) and mean absolute error(MAE) were used as evaluation indicators to compare with two traditional parametric models(GBLUP,BayesB) and two popular machine learning models(RF,KcRR).The results indicate that in most cases,the performance of the mixed kernel function model significantly outperforms that of GBLUP,BayesB and single kernel function.For instance,for T1 in the pig dataset,the predictive accuracy of SVR_GS is improved by 10% compared to GBLUP,and by approximately 4.4 and 18.6% compared to SVR_G and SVR_S respectively.For E1 in the wheat dataset,SVR_GS achieves 13.3% higher prediction accuracy than GBLUP.Among single kernel functions,the Laplacian and Gaussian kernel functions yield similar results,with the Gaussian kernel function performing better.The mixed kernel function notably reduces the MSE and MAE when compared to all single kernel functions.Furthermore,regarding runtime,SVR_GS and SVR_GP mixed kernel functions run approximately three times faster than GBLUP in the pig dataset,with only a slight increase in runtime compared to the single kernel function model.In summary,the mixed kernel function model of SVR demonstrates speed and accuracy competitiveness,and the model such as SVR_GS has important application potential for GS.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52373085,52573090 and U21A2095)Department of Science and Technology of Hubei Province(No.2025CSA001 and 2024CSA076),Outstanding Young and Middle-aged Scientific and Technology Innovation Team of Higher Education Institutions of Hubei Province(No.T2024010),Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(No.2023AFA828 and 2024AFB238)+2 种基金Innovative Team Program of Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(2023AFA027)Open Fund for Hubei Integrative Technology and Innovation Center for Advanced Fiberous Materials(XC202517)National Local Joint Laboratory for Advanced Textile Processing and Clean Production(FX20240005).
摘要Artificial intelligence(AI)is emerging as a transformative enabler in the development of smart textile systems,particularly those integrating powder-based functional materials.This review highlights recent progress in AIguided design of carbon nanomaterials,metallic nanoparticles,and framework-based powders for applications in energy harvesting,intelligent sensing,and robotic actuation.Machine learning techniques,including supervised learning,transfer learning,and Bayesian optimization are discussed for accelerating materials discovery,enhancing integration strategies,and enabling real-time adaptive control.Emphasis is placed on how AI enables multifunctional,wearable platforms that sense,process,and respond to environmental and physiological cues with high accuracy and autonomy.Representative breakthroughs in soft robotics,haptic interfaces,and assistive devices are presented,demonstrating the synergy of AI and responsive textiles.Finally,the review outlines key challenges related to data scarcity,model generalizability,manufacturing scalability,and sustainability,while proposing future directions involving multimodal learning,autonomous experimentation,and ethics-aware design.This work offers a comprehensive outlook on next-generation AI-driven textile systems that seamlessly integrate intelligence,functionality,and wearability.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52304329)the Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects(No.202201BE070001-003),Guo Lin would like to acknowledge Xing Dian talent support program of Yunnan Province.
摘要The recovery of precious metals(PMs)from secondary resources is critical for addressing global supply-chain vulnerabilities and sustainable resource utilization.This review systematically examines the transformative potential of metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)as next-generation adsorbents for PM recovery,focusing on their synthesis,functionalization,and multiscale adsorption mechanisms.We critically analyze conventional pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical methods and highlight their limitations in terms of selectivity,energy consumption,and secondary pollution.In contrast,MOFs offer tunable porosity,abundant active sites,and tunable surface chemistry,enabling efficient PM capture via synergistic physical and chemical adsorption.Advanced modification techniques,including direct synthesis and post-synthetic modification,are reviewed to propose strategies for enhancing the adsorption kinetics and selectivity for Au,Ag,Pt,and Pd.Key structure-property relationships are established through multiscale characterization and thermodynamic models,revealing the critical roles of hierarchical porosity,soft donor atoms,and framework stability.Industrial challenges,such as aqueous stability and scalability,are addressed via Zr-O bond strengthening,hydrophobic functionalization,and support immobilization.This study consolidates the experimental and theoretical advances in MOF-based PM recovery and provides a roadmap for translating laboratory innovations into practical applications within the circular-economy framework.
基金supported by the Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund(IVF-BRF2023007)the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA+1 种基金the Science and Technology Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS-ASTIP-IVFCAAS)the Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crops Genetic Improvement,Ministry of Agriculture in China(IVF2023).
摘要Cucumber root rot,primarily caused by Fusarium solani,threatens global cucumber production through soil-borne infection,vascular wilt,and yield loss.Soil fumigation with Calcium cyanamide(CaCN2)effectively suppresses soil-borne pathogens but may impair beneficial soil microbiota.This study investigated the synergistic effects of Bacillus velezensis(ZF336)inoculation on reactivating beneficial soil microbes after CaCN2 fumigation and its role in controlling cucumber root rot caused by F.solani.The physicochemical properties and microbial community structure of the soil and the health of the cucumber plants were investigated.Our findings revealed the following.(Ⅰ)The potential for hydrogen(pH)and the contents of organic matter(OM),nitrate nitrogen(NO3-N)and ammonium nitrogen(NH4-N)significantly increased after combined CaCN2 and ZF336 treatment.(Ⅱ)Combined CaCN2 and ZF336 treatment reduced the relative abundance of Fusarium and increased the relative abundances of the potentially beneficial bacteria Trichoderma and Penicillium in the soil.In addition,B.velezensis promoted the recovery of microbial communities after CaCN2 disinfection.(Ⅲ)Combined CaCN2 and ZF336 treatment improved the activities of carbohydrate enzymes,effectively promoting soil carbon metabolism and increasing the cellulase,hemicellulose and lignin decomposition abilities.In conclusion,CaCN2 combined with B.velezensis stimulated the soil microbial community structure and the activities of specific enzymes and is an effective way to control cucumber root rot disease and improve yield and soil quality.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.32070989(to YMZ),31872766(to YMZ),81790640(to XLY),and 82070993(to SJW)the grant from Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen,No.SZSM202011015(to XLY)。
摘要Diabetic retinopathy is a prominent cause of blindness in adults,with early retinal ganglion cell loss contributing to visual dysfunction or blindness.In the brain,defects inγ-aminobutyric acid synaptic transmission are associated with pathophysiological and neurodegenerative disorders,whereas glucagon-like peptide-1 has demonstrated neuroprotective effects.However,it is not yet clear whether diabetes causes alterations in inhibitory input to retinal ganglion cells and whether and how glucagon-like peptide-1 protects against neurodegeneration in the diabetic retina through regulating inhibitory synaptic transmission to retinal ganglion cells.In the present study,we used the patch-clamp technique to recordγ-aminobutyric acid subtype A receptor-mediated miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents in retinal ganglion cells from streptozotocin-induced diabetes model rats.We found that early diabetes(4 weeks of hyperglycemia)decreased the frequency of GABAergic miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents in retinal ganglion cells without altering their amplitude,suggesting a reduction in the spontaneous release ofγ-aminobutyric acid to retinal ganglion cells.Topical administration of glucagon-like peptide-1 eyedrops over a period of 2 weeks effectively countered the hyperglycemia-induced downregulation of GABAergic mIPSC frequency,subsequently enhancing the survival of retinal ganglion cells.Concurrently,the protective effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 on retinal ganglion cells in diabetic rats were eliminated by topical administration of exendin-9-39,a specific glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor antagonist,or SR95531,a specific antagonist of theγ-aminobutyric acid subtype A receptor.Furthermore,extracellular perfusion of glucagon-like peptide-1 was found to elevate the frequencies of GABAergic miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents in both ON-and OFF-type retinal ganglion cells.This elevation was shown to be mediated by activation of the phosphatidylinositol-phospholipase C/inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor/Ca2+/protein kinase C signaling pathway downstream of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor activation.Moreover,multielectrode array recordings revealed that glucagon-like peptide-1 functionally augmented the photoresponses of ON-type retinal ganglion cells.Optomotor response tests demonstrated that diabetic rats exhibited reductions in visual acuity and contrast sensitivity that were significantly ameliorated by topical administration of glucagon-like peptide-1.These results suggest that glucagon-like peptide-1 facilitates the release ofγ-aminobutyric acid onto retinal ganglion cells through the activation of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor,leading to the de-excitation of retinal ganglion cell circuits and the inhibition of excitotoxic processes associated with diabetic retinopathy.Collectively,our findings indicate that theγ-aminobutyric acid system has potential as a therapeutic target for mitigating early-stage diabetic retinopathy.Furthermore,the topical administration of glucagon-like peptide-1 eyedrops represents a non-invasive and effective treatment approach for managing early-stage diabetic retinopathy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC No.52271228)the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province(No.2023-JC-ZD-21)the Doctoral Dissertation Innovation Fund of Xi'an University of Technology(No.101-252072301)。
摘要Graphitic carbon nitride(g-CN)stands out as the most promising candidate for solar energy conversion owing to its easy preparation,metal-free nature,flexible molecular structure,moderate bandgap,and excellent thermal/chemical stability.To enhance the performance of intrinsic g-CN,a supramolecular self-assembly strategy has been proposed to regulate the molecular structure of supramolecular precursors through non-covalent interactions across molecular building blocks,thereby optimizing the electronic structure of g-CN.This review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent progress in supramolecular self-assembly-derived graphitic carbon nitride(SM-CN)from both experimental and theoretical computational research in synthesis strategies,including synthesis methods and influencing factors,providing a theoretical foundation for the design of supramolecular assembly.It also discusses modification strategies,such as internal modification of the conjugated plane,interlayer optimization,and construction of heterointerfaces to improve the electronic structure of SM-CN owing to its unique layered structure.This review further summarizes the applications of SM-CN in environment and energy,including wastewater treatment,sterilization and disinfection/air purification,water splitting,H2O2production,organic synthesis/biomass conversion,CO2reduction,photocatalytic coupling technology.Finally,perspectives and outlooks for the future development of SM-CN aim to inspire further innovation in the design and construction of high-performance SM-CN for broader applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82072165 and 82272256(both to XM)the Key Project of Xiangyang Central Hospital,No.2023YZ03(to RM)。
摘要Spinal cord injury represents a severe form of central nervous system trauma for which effective treatments remain limited.Microglia is the resident immune cells of the central nervous system,play a critical role in spinal cord injury.Previous studies have shown that microglia can promote neuronal survival by phagocytosing dead cells and debris and by releasing neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory factors.However,excessive activation of microglia can lead to persistent inflammation and contribute to the formation of glial scars,which hinder axonal regeneration.Despite this,the precise role and mechanisms of microglia during the acute phase of spinal cord injury remain controversial and poorly understood.To elucidate the role of microglia in spinal cord injury,we employed the colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor inhibitor PLX5622 to deplete microglia.We observed that sustained depletion of microglia resulted in an expansion of the lesion area,downregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor,and impaired functional recovery after spinal cord injury.Next,we generated a transgenic mouse line with conditional overexpression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor specifically in microglia.We found that brain-derived neurotrophic factor overexpression in microglia increased angiogenesis and blood flow following spinal cord injury and facilitated the recovery of hindlimb motor function.Additionally,brain-derived neurotrophic factor overexpression in microglia reduced inflammation and neuronal apoptosis during the acute phase of spinal cord injury.Furthermore,through using specific transgenic mouse lines,TMEM119,and the colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor inhibitor PLX73086,we demonstrated that the neuroprotective effects were predominantly due to brain-derived neurotrophic factor overexpression in microglia rather than macrophages.In conclusion,our findings suggest the critical role of microglia in the formation of protective glial scars.Depleting microglia is detrimental to recovery of spinal cord injury,whereas targeting brain-derived neurotrophic factor overexpression in microglia represents a promising and novel therapeutic strategy to enhance motor function recovery in patients with spinal cord injury.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82201626(to CC)the Natural Science Foundation of LiaoningProvince,No.2022-MS-442(to CC)the Dalian Municipal Medical Key Specialty Climbing Project,No.2024ZZ040(to MZ).
摘要Cerebral small vessel disease is a major vascular contributor to cognitive impairment and dementia.However,there remains a lack of effective preventative or therapeutic regimens for cerebral small vessel disease.In this study,we investigated the potential therapeutic effects of MCC950,a selective NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing protein 3 inhibitor,on cerebral small vessel disease pathogenesis and cognitive decline in spontaneously hypertensive rats.Our results showed that chronic administration of MCC950(10 mg/kg)to spontaneously hypertensive rats inhibited NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing protein 3 inflammasome activation,thereby considerably suppressing the production of pyroptosis executive protein gasdermin D and pro-inflammatory factors,including interleukin-1βand-18.A decrease in astrocytic and microglial activation was also observed.We also found that MCC950 significantly inhibited autophagy.More importantly,behavioral assessment indicated that MCC950 administration ameliorated impaired neurocognitive function,which was associated with improvements in neuropathological hallmarks in the cerebral small vessel disease brain,such as blood‒brain barrier breakdown,white matter damage,and endothelial dysfunction.Thus,our findings revealed that the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing protein 3 inflammasome is a key contributor to the onset or progression of cerebral small vessel disease and suggested the potential of NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing protein 3-based therapy as a potential novel strategy for treating cerebral small vessel disease.
基金supported by National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding,grant nos.BJ-2025-122,BJ2023-126CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(CIFMS),grant no.2021-I2M-1050National Natural Science Foundation of China,grant no.82170956。
摘要Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD),a disease responsible for early mortality worldwide,is well accepted to be associated with periodontitis epidemiologically.Although both of the diseases are the multi-microbial inflammatory disease,the precise underlying mechanisms by which periodontitis influences the progression of COPD remains largely unknown.Here,we established COPD accompanied with periodontitis mouse models and observed the pronounced progress in pulmonary symptoms and histopathology,cha racterized by poorer respiratory function,thicke ned bronchial walls,and increased neutrophils infiltration in lung tissue.Mechanistically,periodontitis pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis(P.gingivalis)relocated in the lung through the respiratory tract and LPS from P.gingivalis promoted the secretion of chemokines CXCL2 and G-CSF of alveolar epithelial cells through NF-κB and p38 MAPK pathways to recruit neutrophils.Furthermore,exposure to P.gingivalis of infiltrated neutrophils released matrix metallopeptidase-8(MMP-8)and neutrophil elastase(NE),which aggravated airway inflammation and tissue damage.These findings indicated that periodontitis could exacerbate COPD via its pathogen P.gingivalis,which translocated in the lung and stimulated neutrophil chemotaxis and activation in the lung.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82201474(to GL),82203835(to YF),82071330(to ZT)。
摘要Functional near-infrared spectroscopy quantifies cerebral hemodynamic signals by capturing oxygenation-dependent changes in hemoglobin in a noninvasive,portable,and ecologically valid manner,providing a unique insight into neurovascular coupling.However,functional imaging biomarkers with high ecological validity for neurological disorders such as stroke,Parkinson's disease,dementia,amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,epilepsy,spinal cord injury,and traumatic brain injury are lacking,limiting the mechanistic understanding,treatment evaluations,and individualized interventions.The aim of this review is to systematically summarize evidence from the past decade on the use of functional near-infrared spectroscopy under the aforementioned conditions,synthesize its value for revealing neural mechanisms and assessing therapeutic responses,and identify current technical bottlenecks and future directions for advancement.Collectively,the findings demonstrate that functional near-infrared spectroscopy possesses substantial and far-reaching potential for uncovering the neural mechanisms underlying disease and for evaluating treatment-induced changes in brain function.Equipped with wearable probes,functional near-infrared spectroscopy can continuously and noninvasively monitor brain activity in naturalistic environments for extended periods,thereby overcoming the limitations of conventional imaging modalities that can only acquire data under restricted settings.This capability can furnish unprecedented objective neuroimaging evidence for neuroregenerative therapy research.Moreover,the portability of functional near-infrared spectroscopy allows it to be integrated into neurofeedback training systems:hemoglobin signals can be fed back to participants within milliseconds,enabling targeted,individualized,closed-loop modulation of brain function and considerably expanding the scope of hemodynamicsbased neurofeedback.When combined with other brain function assays(such as electroencephalography)and intervention techniques(such as transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation),functional near-infrared spectroscopy also supplies high-temporal-resolution hemodynamic information,laying a critical foundation for the construction of high-precision noninvasive brain–computer interfaces,real-time cognitivestate decoding,and adaptive neuromodulation.Admittedly,almost all existing functional near-infrared spectroscopy studies are still observational and have small sample sizes,short follow-ups,and insufficient controls—shortcomings that together produce low-grade evidence.Therefore,there is still a significant gap before clinical translation can be achieved.Technically,the limited penetration depth of functional near-infrared spectroscopy restricts sampling to the superficial cortex,leaving deep nuclei largely unreachable.In addition,no consensus exists across devices regarding optode layout,light-source choice,motion-artifact correction,or analytical pipelines,creating pronounced heterogeneity that undermines reproducibility.With artificial intelligence and big data analytics advancing rapidly,functional near-infrared spectroscopy embedded within multimodal fusion frameworks is now poised to systematically map aberrant brain function signatures of neurological disorders,identify pathological regions suitable for targeted intervention,and provide real-time assessments of functional changes produced by neuroregenerative therapies.
基金support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52075423,U2141214)National Science and Technology Major Project of China(No.J2019-III-0008-0051)Taiyuan University of Science and Technology Scientific Research Initial Funding(Grant No.20242119).
摘要The work is conducted to uncover and simulate the dependence of the evolving anisotropic-asymmetric yield behavior on the temperature for an Mg-Gd-Y alloy.Experiments were carried out at 25~300℃,including uniaxial tension and compression.The strength is observed to decrease non-linearly as the temperature increases.Thermal softening effect is not significant when the temperature is lower than 200℃,but the strength decreases dramatically at high temperature than 250℃.Tension-compression asymmetry and anisotropy are observed to be strongly and nonlinearly dependent on strain and temperature.The temperature effect is taken into account in a combined Swift-Voce(SVT)model to predict the temperature-dependent strain hardening behavior with a higher accuracy than the traditional Johnson-Cook and Zerilli-Armstrong equations.An analytical Yoon2014(A-Yoon2014)yield function is established to capture the evolving anisotropicasymmetric behavior with respect to strain and temperature.The predicted force-stroke curves of the A-Yoon2014+SVT model are closer to the experimental results of the three-point bending process than the numerical results of the original Yoon2014+SVT model.Given its userfriendliness and high accuracy for the modeling of temperature-dependent anisotropic-asymmetric hardening behavior,the A-Yoon2014+SVT model is recommended to be utilized in the numerical simulation of plastic forming process for hexagonal close-packed metals.