The echo of the material level is non-stationary and contains many singularities.The echo contains false echoes and noise,which affects the detection of the material level signals,resulting in low accuracy of material...The echo of the material level is non-stationary and contains many singularities.The echo contains false echoes and noise,which affects the detection of the material level signals,resulting in low accuracy of material level measurement.A new method for detecting and correcting the material level signal is proposed,which is based on the generalized S-transform and singular value decomposition(GST-SVD).In this project,the change of material level is regarded as the low speed moving target.First,the generalized S-transform is performed on the echo signals.During the transformation process,the variation trend of window of the generalized S-transform is adjusted according to the frequency distribution characteristics of the material level echo signal,achieving the purpose of detecting the signal.Secondly,the SVD is used to reconstruct the time-frequency coefficient matrix.At last,the reconstructed time-frequency matrix performs an inverse transform.The experimental results show that the method can accurately detect the material level echo signal,and it can reserve the detailed characteristics of the signal while suppressing the noise,and reduce the false echo interference.Compared with other methods,the material level measurement error does not exceed 4.01%,and the material level measurement accuracy can reach 0.40%F.S.展开更多
In this paper, we analyze the seismic signal in the time-frequency domain using the generalized S-transform combined with spectrum modeling. Without assuming that the reflection coefficients are random white noise as ...In this paper, we analyze the seismic signal in the time-frequency domain using the generalized S-transform combined with spectrum modeling. Without assuming that the reflection coefficients are random white noise as in the conventional resolution-enhanced techniques, the wavelet which changes with time and frequency was simulated and eliminated. After using the inverse S-transform for the processed instantaneous spectrum, the signal in the time domain was obtained again with a more balanced spectrum and broader frequency band. The quality of seismic data was improved without additional noise.展开更多
Generalized S-transform is a time-frequency analysis method which has higher resolution than S-transform. It can precisely extract the time-amplitude characteristics of different frequency components in the signal. In...Generalized S-transform is a time-frequency analysis method which has higher resolution than S-transform. It can precisely extract the time-amplitude characteristics of different frequency components in the signal. In this paper, a novel protection method for VSC-HVDC (Voltage source converter based high voltage DC) based on Generalized S-transform is proposed. Firstly, extracting frequency component of fault current by Generalized S-transform and using mutation point of high frequency to determine the fault time. Secondly, using the zero-frequency component of fault current to eliminate disturbances. Finally, the polarity of sudden change currents in the two terminals is employed to discriminate the internal and external faults. Simulations in PSCAD/EMTDC and MATLAB show that the proposed method can distinguish faults accurately and effectively.展开更多
This work addresses underwater noise source localization.Leveraging the spatial sparsity of sound sources,we employ an optimized iterative shrinkage-thresholding generalized inverse beamforming(OISTA-GIB)method to loc...This work addresses underwater noise source localization.Leveraging the spatial sparsity of sound sources,we employ an optimized iterative shrinkage-thresholding generalized inverse beamforming(OISTA-GIB)method to localize noise sources.Firstly,the sparsity of sound sources is exploited by introducing the λ1norm,resulting in an objective function that combines the λ1norm,with generalized inverse beamforming.This function is solved using an iterative shrinkage-thresholding algorithm(ISTA)to obtain sound source positions.Secondly,we note that when ISTA solves this objective function,the penalty strength applied by the identity matrix to all scanning points on the sound source surface is uniform.This uniformity reduces positioning accuracy.To enhance localization accuracy and spatial resolution,we propose an iterative regularization matrix-optimized ISTA to solve the objective function.Here,the result from the previous iteration is used to construct a regularization matrix that increases the penalty strength in non-source regions during the current iteration.This process iteratively narrows the mainlobe width in source regions until termination conditions are met,yielding refined sound source positions.Finally,simulations and experimental data processing show that the proposed OISTA-GIB method achieves higher accuracy and spatial resolution in noise source localization compared to existing methods.展开更多
The generalized mode Ⅲ fracture mechanism of edge-notched disc bend sandstone specimens exhibiting anisotropy—characterized by bedding planes at various angles—under different moisture conditions(dried,natural,and ...The generalized mode Ⅲ fracture mechanism of edge-notched disc bend sandstone specimens exhibiting anisotropy—characterized by bedding planes at various angles—under different moisture conditions(dried,natural,and saturated)was analyzed using acoustic emission localization and three-dimensional scanning reconstruction techniques.The results indicate that the peak load,stress intensity factor,and energy dissipation of the specimens are significantly influenced by both bedding angle and moisture condition.With increasing bedding angle,the peak load,stress intensity factor,and fracture energy exhibit an overall decreasing trend—first decreasing and then slightly increasing.As the bedding angle increases from 0°to 60°,the peak load,initial fracture stress intensity factor,peak load stress intensity factor,and peak load fracture energy of the rock specimens under the natural condition decrease by 22.8%,23.5%,19.5%,and 36.7%,respectively.The presence of water within the rock weakens the peak load and stress intensity factors,and reduces the energy required for fracture.Additionally,water weakens the influence of bedding to some extent.In terms of crack network morphology,cracks tend to propagate preferentially along the bedding planes.Specimens with higher moisture content exhibit larger crack initiation angles and higher fractal dimensions.展开更多
In order to address the issue of overly conservative offline reinforcement learning(RL) methods that limit the generalization of policy in the out-of-distribution(OOD) region,this article designs a surrogate target fo...In order to address the issue of overly conservative offline reinforcement learning(RL) methods that limit the generalization of policy in the out-of-distribution(OOD) region,this article designs a surrogate target for OOD value function based on dataset distance and proposes a novel generalized Q-learning mechanism with distance regularization(GQDR).In theory,we not only prove the convergence of GQDR,but also ensure that the difference between the Q-value learned by GQDR and its true value is bounded.Furthermore,an offline generalized actor-critic method with distance regularization(OGACDR) is proposed by combining GQDR with actor-critic learning framework.Two implementations of OGACDR,OGACDR-EXP and OGACDRSQR,are introduced according to exponential(EXP) and opensquare(SQR) distance weight functions,and it has been theoretically proved that OGACDR provides a safe policy improvement.Experimental results on Gym-MuJoCo continuous control tasks show that OGACDR can not only alleviate the overestimation and overconservatism of Q-value function,but also outperform conservative offline RL baselines.展开更多
BACKGROUND Generalized anxiety disorder(GAD)is a prevalent psychiatric condition in children and adolescents,frequently linked to difficulties in daily functioning and academic performance.Increasing evidence suggests...BACKGROUND Generalized anxiety disorder(GAD)is a prevalent psychiatric condition in children and adolescents,frequently linked to difficulties in daily functioning and academic performance.Increasing evidence suggests that immune dysregulation and neuroinflammatory pathways contribute to its pathophysiology,yet studies examining circulating cytokines and related biomarkers in pediatric populations are still scarce.AIM To investigate serum levels of C-reactive protein(CRP),tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis,neopterin,interleukin-6,tumor necrosis factor-alpha,interferon-gamma,and zinc in drug-naïve children and adolescents with GAD,to gain insight into potential immune-related alterations.METHODS The observational case-control design was conducted,including 25 drug-naïve patients with‘pure’GAD and 30 healthy controls aged 8-18 years.Psychiatric diagnoses were confirmed by the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version,Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,Fifth Edition and the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale.Venous blood samples were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,nephelometry,and electro-chemiluminescence assays.Group comparisons were performed using the Mann-Whitney U test and theχ2 test,and correlations were assessed using Spearman's correlation.RESULTS CRP levels were significantly higher in the GAD group than controls(median 1.7 mg/L vs 1.3 mg/L,P=0.034,r=0.32).No significant group differences were observed for tumor necrosis factor-alpha tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis,interleukin-6,interferon-gamma,zinc,or neopterin.Time since symptom onset was positively correlated with total anxiety severity(r=0.729,P=0.001).Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed modest diagnostic value for CRP(area under the curve=0.665,95%confidence interval:0.511-0.820).CONCLUSION This study demonstrates a moderate elevation in CRP levels in drug-naïve patients with GAD.Although no change in other inflammatory markers was observed in our study,this may suggest a low-grade inflammatory response.The early detection of symptoms is still critical,and more longitudinal studies with larger samples are necessary further to elucidate the role of inflammation in childhood anxiety pathophysiology.展开更多
Topology optimization(TO)plays an increasingly pivotal role in contemporary structural engineering,particularly in architectural realms.Despite Grasshopper's prevalence in architectural design,the seamless integra...Topology optimization(TO)plays an increasingly pivotal role in contemporary structural engineering,particularly in architectural realms.Despite Grasshopper's prevalence in architectural design,the seamless integration of structural optimization,especially with multiple materials,has remained a persistent challenge in prior research.To address this gap,this paper introduces a novel solution:Stag,a multi-material plugin for the Grasshopper ecosystem of Rhinoceros 3D.Stag effortlessly integrates multi-material analyses into workcow design by leveraging the generalized solid isotropic material with penalization(SIMP)algorithm.Tailored for architectural modeling,construction,and prototyping,Stag sets a new standard for comprehensive plugins in a familiar software environment.Moreover,this paper illustrates the seamless compatibility between Grasshopper and the generalized SIMP-based approach,utilizing MATLAB for optimization.This lays the foundation for the future development of intricate customized multi-material plugins.Designed with user-friendliness in mind,Stag provides architects and designers with an intuitive platform to efficiently optimize the material distribution within intricate structures.As part of our commitment to accessibility,the Stag plugin is freely accessible on the Food4Rhino platform,ensuring its widespread adoption and usability.展开更多
Recently,perfect spatiotemporal optical vortices(PSTOVs)have attracted significant attention due to their topological-charge-independent radius and their ability to carry transverse orbital angular momentum.However,ex...Recently,perfect spatiotemporal optical vortices(PSTOVs)have attracted significant attention due to their topological-charge-independent radius and their ability to carry transverse orbital angular momentum.However,existing studies on PSTOVs remain largely restricted to the simplest annular intensity profiles,limiting their versatility in tailoring light-matter interactions.Extending PSTOVs toward programmable distributions is therefore highly desirable for both fundamental studies and practical applications.To fill this research gap,we propose the concept of generalized perfect spatiotemporal optical vortices(GPSTOVs),whose intensity profiles can be flexibly engineered while preserving their intrinsic"perfect"properties.Unlike previous complex-amplitude modulation approaches,GPSTOV pulses are generated via a pure-phase modulation scheme,enabling higher modulation efficiency and improved energy utilization.By encoding a shape-controllable digital axicon and a vortex phase in the spatiotemporal frequency domain,we experimentally realize a family of polygonal GPSTOV pulses with tunable geometries.The measured spatiotemporal profiles agree well with theoretical predictions.Our results expand the scope of PSTOV research and hold promises for applications in optical communications,particle manipulation,and other fields requiring precise spatiotemporal control of ultrafast light pulses.展开更多
The seismic analysis of an open water-sediment-foundation-dam(WSFD)system can be decomposed into a free-field problem for an auxiliary system and an interaction problem for a bounded WSFD system.Both of them involve c...The seismic analysis of an open water-sediment-foundation-dam(WSFD)system can be decomposed into a free-field problem for an auxiliary system and an interaction problem for a bounded WSFD system.Both of them involve complex wave coupling problems across multiple different media.This study develops a partitioned method and integrates a 2D-3D finite element procedure,based on a generalized saturated porous medium(GSPM)model and a novel localized Lagrange multipliers(LLM)method.The GSPM model fundamentally eliminates multi-solver coupling through a unified representation of heterogeneous media.The novel LLM method enables simultaneous interaction of multiple different media,transcending the inherent limitations in classical fluid-solid interface treatments.In implementation,a more realistic input for the bounded system is provided by computing the free-field for the auxiliary system using the 2D procedure,reducing numerical errors caused by multi-transmitting boundary.The accuracy of the partitioned method is examined through numerical simulations of an idealized dam-reservoir-foundation system,with results compared against those obtained from the direct method.Finally,the effects of sediment and nonlinearity on dam are investigated by augmenting a plastic-damage constitutive module.展开更多
In this paper,we establish a Freidlin-Wentzell type large deviation principle uniformly with respect to initial condition in bounded subsets,that do not necessarily belongs to compact sets,of an infinite dimensional B...In this paper,we establish a Freidlin-Wentzell type large deviation principle uniformly with respect to initial condition in bounded subsets,that do not necessarily belongs to compact sets,of an infinite dimensional Banach space for stochastic 1D generalized Burgers-Huxley equation driven by multiplicative small noise.The proof is based on the weak convergence approach obtained by[Salins,Budhiraja and Dupuis;Trans.Amer.Math.Soc.,2019].展开更多
Soft Hilbert spaces(S-Hilbert spaces for short)play an important role in the field of mathematical modeling and decision-making,which has received widespread attention.This article addresses the dual soft frame(s-fram...Soft Hilbert spaces(S-Hilbert spaces for short)play an important role in the field of mathematical modeling and decision-making,which has received widespread attention.This article addresses the dual soft frame(s-frame for short)theory in S-Hilbert spaces.We introduce the notion of generalized dual s-frames(dual s-frames and approximately dual s-frames)in SHilbert spaces and our motivation is to seek their applications in decision-making.We prove that a pair of generalized dual s-frames may induce a pair of dual s-frames,and obtain that generalized dual s-frames have a preservation effect under the action of a pair of invertible operators.We propose a method for constructing more generalized dual s-frames from known ones,and find that the best generalized dual of an s-frame is the canonical dual.Finally,we investigate the perturbation-stability properties of generalized dual s-frames.展开更多
With the advancement of microelectronics,semiconductors,and nanotechnology,thin-film materials have found extensive applications in electronic and optical components.The thin-film thickness serves as a critical parame...With the advancement of microelectronics,semiconductors,and nanotechnology,thin-film materials have found extensive applications in electronic and optical components.The thin-film thickness serves as a critical parameter affecting the performance and reliability of such components.For rapid,non-destructive,and precise thickness measurements,generalized ellipsometers have attracted considerable research.However,commercially available ellipsometers typically require two motors to realize the variable angle(one to control the polarization state generator/analyzer,and another to rotate the sample stage).This conventional design suffers from complex structure,high cost and difficulty in optical path calibration after angle variation.To address these limitations,a novel variable angle structure driven by single motor is proposed in this paper,in which the polarization state generator is fixed and the polarization state analyzer and the sample stage are driven simultaneously using single motor to realize the variable angle.Using the developed system,standard thin-film samples of Au,Ag,and Cu,each with a nominal thickness of 50 nm,were tested.The results indicated that the thicknesses of the three samples fell within the range of 50±2 nm.Furthermore,the system exhibited minimal measurement error at an incident angle of 70°.These findings demonstrate that the proposed ellipsometry system with variable angle driven by single motor offers higher integration,simpler operation,and lower cost compared to traditional dual-motor designs.展开更多
Current marine-engineering and ocean-dynamics studies have been very active.On account of marine engineering,ocean dynamics,fluid mechanics,plasma physics and nonlinear optics,we hereby study a(2+1)-dimensional genera...Current marine-engineering and ocean-dynamics studies have been very active.On account of marine engineering,ocean dynamics,fluid mechanics,plasma physics and nonlinear optics,we hereby study a(2+1)-dimensional generalized variable-coefficient Date-Jimbo-Kashiwara-Miwa equation,for which we build up certain auto-Bäcklund transformation via a noncharacteristic movable singular manifold,solitonic solutions,analytic solutions as well as similarity reductions.As for the wave amplitude,our results depend on the variable coefficients,some of which denote the dispersion in space and space-time,separately,while some of which are caused by the geometric or physical inhomogeneities,such as the changing radius and medium density.No variable-coefficient constraints are involved in the analysis.This work may be of some theoretical use in assisting the future studies in marine engineering,ocean dynamics,fluid mechanics,plasma physics and nonlinear optics.展开更多
Endogenous security in next-generation wireless communication systems attracts increasing attentions in recent years.A typical solution to endogenous security problems is the Quantum Key Distribution(QKD),where uncond...Endogenous security in next-generation wireless communication systems attracts increasing attentions in recent years.A typical solution to endogenous security problems is the Quantum Key Distribution(QKD),where unconditional security can be achieved thanks to the inherent properties of quantum mechanics.Continuous Variable-Quantum Key Distribution(CV-QKD)enjoys high Secret Key Rate(SKR)and good compatibility with existing optical communication infrastructure.Traditional CV-QKD usually employ coherent receivers to detect coherent states,whose detection performance is restricted to the standard quantum limit.In this paper,we employ a generalized Kennedy receiver called CD-Kennedy receiver to enhance the detection performance of coherent states in turbulent channels,where Equal-Gain Combining(EGC)method is used to combine the output of CD-Kennedy receivers.Besides,we derive the SKR of a post-selection based CV-QKD protocol using both CD-Kennedy receiver and homodyne receiver with EGC in turbulent channels.We further propose an equivalent transmittance method to facilitate the calculation of both the Bit-Error Rate(BER)and SKR.Numerical results show that the CD-Kennedy receiver can outperform the homodyne receiver in turbulent channels in terms of both BER and SKR performance.We find that BER and SKR performance advantage of CD-Kennedy receiver over homodyne receiver demonstrate opposite trends as the average transmittance increases,which indicates that two separate system settings should be employed for communication and key distribution purposes.Besides,we also demonstrate that the SKR performance of a CD-Kennedy receiver is much robust than that of a homodyne receiver in turbulent channels.展开更多
Accurately and efficiently calculating electronic excited states remains a major challenge in quantum chemistry,especially for complex photophysical and photochemical systems.Conventional approaches such as time-depen...Accurately and efficiently calculating electronic excited states remains a major challenge in quantum chemistry,especially for complex photophysical and photochemical systems.Conventional approaches such as time-dependent density functional theory(TDDFT)are limited by unfavorable computational scaling,limiting their applicability to large systems.To address this,we present a computational framework combining the generalized energy-based fragmentation(GEBF)approach with TDDFT-ris,which requires only one s-type auxiliary basis function per atom via the resolution-of-the-identity technique.This approach enables efficient and reliable excited-state computations for macromolecules,including fluorescent materials and proteins with thousands of atoms,and provides accurate predictions of asymmetry factors(g-factors)in chiral optoelectronic materials and fluorescent protein.展开更多
In this paper,we investigate the thermodynamic properties and geometries of phantom(A)dS F(R)black holes in the presence of recently proposed generalized entropy.For this purpose,we evaluate the heat capacity,Helmholt...In this paper,we investigate the thermodynamic properties and geometries of phantom(A)dS F(R)black holes in the presence of recently proposed generalized entropy.For this purpose,we evaluate the heat capacity,Helmholtz free energy,Gibbs free energy,compressibility factor Z and the isothermal compressibility(κT)to analyze the local and global stability of this black hole.We also analyze the thermal geometries of this black hole,which provide useful insights.Furthermore,we present isotherms on the P-V diagram,illustrating phase behavior.It is interesting to mention here that generalized entropy provides a significant and useful impact on the results of thermal analysis of the aforementioned black holes.展开更多
AIM:To build a functional generalized estimating equation(GEE)model to detect glaucomatous visual field progression and compare the performance of the proposed method with that of commonly employed algorithms.METHODS:...AIM:To build a functional generalized estimating equation(GEE)model to detect glaucomatous visual field progression and compare the performance of the proposed method with that of commonly employed algorithms.METHODS:Totally 716 eyes of 716 patients with primary open angle glaucoma(POAG)with at least 5 reliable 24-2 test results and 2y of follow-up were selected.The functional GEE model was used to detect perimetric progression in the training dataset(501 eyes).In the testing dataset(215 eyes),progression was evaluated the functional GEE model,mean deviation(MD)and visual field index(VFI)rates of change,Advanced Glaucoma Intervention Study(AGIS)and Collaborative Initial Glaucoma Treatment Study(CIGTS)scores,and pointwise linear regression(PLR).RESULTS:The proposed method showed the highest proportion of eyes detected as progression(54.4%),followed by the VFI rate(34.4%),PLR(23.3%),and MD rate(21.4%).The CIGTS and AGIS scores had a lower proportion of eyes detected as progression(7.9%and 5.1%,respectively).The time to detection of progression was significantly shorter for the proposed method than that of other algorithms(adjusted P≤0.019).The VFI rate displayed moderate pairwise agreement with the proposed method(k=0.47).CONCLUSION:The functional GEE model shows the highest proportion of eyes detected as perimetric progression and the shortest time to detect perimetric progression in patients with POAG.展开更多
In this paper,we consider the Cauchy problem for the two-dimensional generalized surface quasi-geostrophic(gSQG)equations{θt+(u∇)θ+(-Δ)γθ=0 u=∇⊥Λ-2+βθ,θ(x,0)=θ0(x).For initial dataθ0(x)in the crit...In this paper,we consider the Cauchy problem for the two-dimensional generalized surface quasi-geostrophic(gSQG)equations{θt+(u∇)θ+(-Δ)γθ=0 u=∇⊥Λ-2+βθ,θ(x,0)=θ0(x).For initial dataθ0(x)in the critical function spaces L2/2γ-β(R2),we establish the global existence and uniqueness of solutions.Furthermore,we derive the decay of Lp-norms of the global solutions and their spatial derivatives.展开更多
Based on the generalized reduced R-matrix theory,the R-matrix analysis code(RAC program)was used to analyze the experimental data of all the nuclear reaction channels related to the 5 He system.The current calculation...Based on the generalized reduced R-matrix theory,the R-matrix analysis code(RAC program)was used to analyze the experimental data of all the nuclear reaction channels related to the 5 He system.The current calculations provide accurate and reliable evaluation data and are in good agreement with the experimental data.In this study,self-consistent evaluation data for each reaction were obtained using multi-channel and multi-energy fitting.In particular,the error propagation theory of generalized least squares was used to determine the error of the evaluation data and the covariance matrix of the integral cross section.This R-matrix analysis for the 5 He system has three features.First,for the first time,the error in the evaluation data of the T(d,n)4He reaction cross section and the covariance matrix of the integral cross section are provided.Second,we used only one set of R-matrix parameters to depict the reaction cross section of each reaction channel of the 5 He system for the entire energy region in our work.Third,in this evaluation,we considered some of the latest measured experimental data,especially after 2000.The T(d,n)4He reaction cross section at 0.1 MeV and below was carefully studied.The effect of different energy levels in T(d,n)4He was analyzed,with the energy levels 3/2+making a major contribution to the cross section,and the role of the S-wave and P-wave from 3/2~-determines the lean forward trend of the angular distributions at 0.01–0.1 MeV.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61761027)。
摘要The echo of the material level is non-stationary and contains many singularities.The echo contains false echoes and noise,which affects the detection of the material level signals,resulting in low accuracy of material level measurement.A new method for detecting and correcting the material level signal is proposed,which is based on the generalized S-transform and singular value decomposition(GST-SVD).In this project,the change of material level is regarded as the low speed moving target.First,the generalized S-transform is performed on the echo signals.During the transformation process,the variation trend of window of the generalized S-transform is adjusted according to the frequency distribution characteristics of the material level echo signal,achieving the purpose of detecting the signal.Secondly,the SVD is used to reconstruct the time-frequency coefficient matrix.At last,the reconstructed time-frequency matrix performs an inverse transform.The experimental results show that the method can accurately detect the material level echo signal,and it can reserve the detailed characteristics of the signal while suppressing the noise,and reduce the false echo interference.Compared with other methods,the material level measurement error does not exceed 4.01%,and the material level measurement accuracy can reach 0.40%F.S.
基金supported by National 973 Key Basic Research Development Program(No.2007CB209602)National 863 High Technology Research Development Program(No.2007AA067.229)
摘要In this paper, we analyze the seismic signal in the time-frequency domain using the generalized S-transform combined with spectrum modeling. Without assuming that the reflection coefficients are random white noise as in the conventional resolution-enhanced techniques, the wavelet which changes with time and frequency was simulated and eliminated. After using the inverse S-transform for the processed instantaneous spectrum, the signal in the time domain was obtained again with a more balanced spectrum and broader frequency band. The quality of seismic data was improved without additional noise.
摘要Generalized S-transform is a time-frequency analysis method which has higher resolution than S-transform. It can precisely extract the time-amplitude characteristics of different frequency components in the signal. In this paper, a novel protection method for VSC-HVDC (Voltage source converter based high voltage DC) based on Generalized S-transform is proposed. Firstly, extracting frequency component of fault current by Generalized S-transform and using mutation point of high frequency to determine the fault time. Secondly, using the zero-frequency component of fault current to eliminate disturbances. Finally, the polarity of sudden change currents in the two terminals is employed to discriminate the internal and external faults. Simulations in PSCAD/EMTDC and MATLAB show that the proposed method can distinguish faults accurately and effectively.
基金Project supported by the National Key Scientific Instrument and Equipment Development Projects of China(Grant No.52327901)。
摘要This work addresses underwater noise source localization.Leveraging the spatial sparsity of sound sources,we employ an optimized iterative shrinkage-thresholding generalized inverse beamforming(OISTA-GIB)method to localize noise sources.Firstly,the sparsity of sound sources is exploited by introducing the λ1norm,resulting in an objective function that combines the λ1norm,with generalized inverse beamforming.This function is solved using an iterative shrinkage-thresholding algorithm(ISTA)to obtain sound source positions.Secondly,we note that when ISTA solves this objective function,the penalty strength applied by the identity matrix to all scanning points on the sound source surface is uniform.This uniformity reduces positioning accuracy.To enhance localization accuracy and spatial resolution,we propose an iterative regularization matrix-optimized ISTA to solve the objective function.Here,the result from the previous iteration is used to construct a regularization matrix that increases the penalty strength in non-source regions during the current iteration.This process iteratively narrows the mainlobe width in source regions until termination conditions are met,yielding refined sound source positions.Finally,simulations and experimental data processing show that the proposed OISTA-GIB method achieves higher accuracy and spatial resolution in noise source localization compared to existing methods.
基金financedby the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52274100 and U24B2040).
摘要The generalized mode Ⅲ fracture mechanism of edge-notched disc bend sandstone specimens exhibiting anisotropy—characterized by bedding planes at various angles—under different moisture conditions(dried,natural,and saturated)was analyzed using acoustic emission localization and three-dimensional scanning reconstruction techniques.The results indicate that the peak load,stress intensity factor,and energy dissipation of the specimens are significantly influenced by both bedding angle and moisture condition.With increasing bedding angle,the peak load,stress intensity factor,and fracture energy exhibit an overall decreasing trend—first decreasing and then slightly increasing.As the bedding angle increases from 0°to 60°,the peak load,initial fracture stress intensity factor,peak load stress intensity factor,and peak load fracture energy of the rock specimens under the natural condition decrease by 22.8%,23.5%,19.5%,and 36.7%,respectively.The presence of water within the rock weakens the peak load and stress intensity factors,and reduces the energy required for fracture.Additionally,water weakens the influence of bedding to some extent.In terms of crack network morphology,cracks tend to propagate preferentially along the bedding planes.Specimens with higher moisture content exhibit larger crack initiation angles and higher fractal dimensions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62373364,62176259)the Key Research and Development Program of Jiangsu Province(BE2022095)。
摘要In order to address the issue of overly conservative offline reinforcement learning(RL) methods that limit the generalization of policy in the out-of-distribution(OOD) region,this article designs a surrogate target for OOD value function based on dataset distance and proposes a novel generalized Q-learning mechanism with distance regularization(GQDR).In theory,we not only prove the convergence of GQDR,but also ensure that the difference between the Q-value learned by GQDR and its true value is bounded.Furthermore,an offline generalized actor-critic method with distance regularization(OGACDR) is proposed by combining GQDR with actor-critic learning framework.Two implementations of OGACDR,OGACDR-EXP and OGACDRSQR,are introduced according to exponential(EXP) and opensquare(SQR) distance weight functions,and it has been theoretically proved that OGACDR provides a safe policy improvement.Experimental results on Gym-MuJoCo continuous control tasks show that OGACDR can not only alleviate the overestimation and overconservatism of Q-value function,but also outperform conservative offline RL baselines.
摘要BACKGROUND Generalized anxiety disorder(GAD)is a prevalent psychiatric condition in children and adolescents,frequently linked to difficulties in daily functioning and academic performance.Increasing evidence suggests that immune dysregulation and neuroinflammatory pathways contribute to its pathophysiology,yet studies examining circulating cytokines and related biomarkers in pediatric populations are still scarce.AIM To investigate serum levels of C-reactive protein(CRP),tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis,neopterin,interleukin-6,tumor necrosis factor-alpha,interferon-gamma,and zinc in drug-naïve children and adolescents with GAD,to gain insight into potential immune-related alterations.METHODS The observational case-control design was conducted,including 25 drug-naïve patients with‘pure’GAD and 30 healthy controls aged 8-18 years.Psychiatric diagnoses were confirmed by the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version,Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,Fifth Edition and the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale.Venous blood samples were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,nephelometry,and electro-chemiluminescence assays.Group comparisons were performed using the Mann-Whitney U test and theχ2 test,and correlations were assessed using Spearman's correlation.RESULTS CRP levels were significantly higher in the GAD group than controls(median 1.7 mg/L vs 1.3 mg/L,P=0.034,r=0.32).No significant group differences were observed for tumor necrosis factor-alpha tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis,interleukin-6,interferon-gamma,zinc,or neopterin.Time since symptom onset was positively correlated with total anxiety severity(r=0.729,P=0.001).Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed modest diagnostic value for CRP(area under the curve=0.665,95%confidence interval:0.511-0.820).CONCLUSION This study demonstrates a moderate elevation in CRP levels in drug-naïve patients with GAD.Although no change in other inflammatory markers was observed in our study,this may suggest a low-grade inflammatory response.The early detection of symptoms is still critical,and more longitudinal studies with larger samples are necessary further to elucidate the role of inflammation in childhood anxiety pathophysiology.
基金Project supported by the National Research Foundation(NRF)of Korea grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT)(No.2025-02303676)。
摘要Topology optimization(TO)plays an increasingly pivotal role in contemporary structural engineering,particularly in architectural realms.Despite Grasshopper's prevalence in architectural design,the seamless integration of structural optimization,especially with multiple materials,has remained a persistent challenge in prior research.To address this gap,this paper introduces a novel solution:Stag,a multi-material plugin for the Grasshopper ecosystem of Rhinoceros 3D.Stag effortlessly integrates multi-material analyses into workcow design by leveraging the generalized solid isotropic material with penalization(SIMP)algorithm.Tailored for architectural modeling,construction,and prototyping,Stag sets a new standard for comprehensive plugins in a familiar software environment.Moreover,this paper illustrates the seamless compatibility between Grasshopper and the generalized SIMP-based approach,utilizing MATLAB for optimization.This lays the foundation for the future development of intricate customized multi-material plugins.Designed with user-friendliness in mind,Stag provides architects and designers with an intuitive platform to efficiently optimize the material distribution within intricate structures.As part of our commitment to accessibility,the Stag plugin is freely accessible on the Food4Rhino platform,ensuring its widespread adoption and usability.
基金supported by the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2026B1515020039)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62375177,12174310,62575184,12474294,and 12534017)+4 种基金Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(RCJC20210609103232046)Project of DEGP(2024ZDZX2019)Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province(tsqn202507178)Research Team Cultivation Program of Shenzhen University(2023QNT014)Shenzhen University 2035 Initiative(2023B004).
摘要Recently,perfect spatiotemporal optical vortices(PSTOVs)have attracted significant attention due to their topological-charge-independent radius and their ability to carry transverse orbital angular momentum.However,existing studies on PSTOVs remain largely restricted to the simplest annular intensity profiles,limiting their versatility in tailoring light-matter interactions.Extending PSTOVs toward programmable distributions is therefore highly desirable for both fundamental studies and practical applications.To fill this research gap,we propose the concept of generalized perfect spatiotemporal optical vortices(GPSTOVs),whose intensity profiles can be flexibly engineered while preserving their intrinsic"perfect"properties.Unlike previous complex-amplitude modulation approaches,GPSTOV pulses are generated via a pure-phase modulation scheme,enabling higher modulation efficiency and improved energy utilization.By encoding a shape-controllable digital axicon and a vortex phase in the spatiotemporal frequency domain,we experimentally realize a family of polygonal GPSTOV pulses with tunable geometries.The measured spatiotemporal profiles agree well with theoretical predictions.Our results expand the scope of PSTOV research and hold promises for applications in optical communications,particle manipulation,and other fields requiring precise spatiotemporal control of ultrafast light pulses.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.U2039209 and 51978337Open Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin(China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research)under Grant No.IWHR-SKL-202216。
摘要The seismic analysis of an open water-sediment-foundation-dam(WSFD)system can be decomposed into a free-field problem for an auxiliary system and an interaction problem for a bounded WSFD system.Both of them involve complex wave coupling problems across multiple different media.This study develops a partitioned method and integrates a 2D-3D finite element procedure,based on a generalized saturated porous medium(GSPM)model and a novel localized Lagrange multipliers(LLM)method.The GSPM model fundamentally eliminates multi-solver coupling through a unified representation of heterogeneous media.The novel LLM method enables simultaneous interaction of multiple different media,transcending the inherent limitations in classical fluid-solid interface treatments.In implementation,a more realistic input for the bounded system is provided by computing the free-field for the auxiliary system using the 2D procedure,reducing numerical errors caused by multi-transmitting boundary.The accuracy of the partitioned method is examined through numerical simulations of an idealized dam-reservoir-foundation system,with results compared against those obtained from the direct method.Finally,the effects of sediment and nonlinearity on dam are investigated by augmenting a plastic-damage constitutive module.
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China(No.2020YFA0712700)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11931004,12090014,11971273)Key Laboratory of Random Complex Structures and Data Science,Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.2008DP173182)。
摘要In this paper,we establish a Freidlin-Wentzell type large deviation principle uniformly with respect to initial condition in bounded subsets,that do not necessarily belongs to compact sets,of an infinite dimensional Banach space for stochastic 1D generalized Burgers-Huxley equation driven by multiplicative small noise.The proof is based on the weak convergence approach obtained by[Salins,Budhiraja and Dupuis;Trans.Amer.Math.Soc.,2019].
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12461016)the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(Grant Nos.252300420353+2 种基金252300421973252300421974262300421892)。
摘要Soft Hilbert spaces(S-Hilbert spaces for short)play an important role in the field of mathematical modeling and decision-making,which has received widespread attention.This article addresses the dual soft frame(s-frame for short)theory in S-Hilbert spaces.We introduce the notion of generalized dual s-frames(dual s-frames and approximately dual s-frames)in SHilbert spaces and our motivation is to seek their applications in decision-making.We prove that a pair of generalized dual s-frames may induce a pair of dual s-frames,and obtain that generalized dual s-frames have a preservation effect under the action of a pair of invertible operators.We propose a method for constructing more generalized dual s-frames from known ones,and find that the best generalized dual of an s-frame is the canonical dual.Finally,we investigate the perturbation-stability properties of generalized dual s-frames.
基金funded by the Central Government Guidance Funds for Local Science and Technology Development Project YDZJSX2025D041。
摘要With the advancement of microelectronics,semiconductors,and nanotechnology,thin-film materials have found extensive applications in electronic and optical components.The thin-film thickness serves as a critical parameter affecting the performance and reliability of such components.For rapid,non-destructive,and precise thickness measurements,generalized ellipsometers have attracted considerable research.However,commercially available ellipsometers typically require two motors to realize the variable angle(one to control the polarization state generator/analyzer,and another to rotate the sample stage).This conventional design suffers from complex structure,high cost and difficulty in optical path calibration after angle variation.To address these limitations,a novel variable angle structure driven by single motor is proposed in this paper,in which the polarization state generator is fixed and the polarization state analyzer and the sample stage are driven simultaneously using single motor to realize the variable angle.Using the developed system,standard thin-film samples of Au,Ag,and Cu,each with a nominal thickness of 50 nm,were tested.The results indicated that the thicknesses of the three samples fell within the range of 50±2 nm.Furthermore,the system exhibited minimal measurement error at an incident angle of 70°.These findings demonstrate that the proposed ellipsometry system with variable angle driven by single motor offers higher integration,simpler operation,and lower cost compared to traditional dual-motor designs.
基金supported by the R&D Program of Beijing Municipal Education Commission(Grant No.110052972508-07)the Youth Research Special Project of North China University of Technology(Grant No.110051360025XN077-50)+4 种基金the Scientific Research Foundation of North China University of Technology(Grant No.11005136025XN076-092)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province of China(Grant No.A2023207002)"333 Talent Project’’of Hebei Province(Grant No.C20221021)the Key Program of Hebei University of Economics and Business(Grant No.2023ZD10)the Youth Team Support Program of Hebei University of Economics and Business.
摘要Current marine-engineering and ocean-dynamics studies have been very active.On account of marine engineering,ocean dynamics,fluid mechanics,plasma physics and nonlinear optics,we hereby study a(2+1)-dimensional generalized variable-coefficient Date-Jimbo-Kashiwara-Miwa equation,for which we build up certain auto-Bäcklund transformation via a noncharacteristic movable singular manifold,solitonic solutions,analytic solutions as well as similarity reductions.As for the wave amplitude,our results depend on the variable coefficients,some of which denote the dispersion in space and space-time,separately,while some of which are caused by the geometric or physical inhomogeneities,such as the changing radius and medium density.No variable-coefficient constraints are involved in the analysis.This work may be of some theoretical use in assisting the future studies in marine engineering,ocean dynamics,fluid mechanics,plasma physics and nonlinear optics.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under No.62201075BUPT-China Unicom Joint Innovation Center under Grant 2025-STHZ-BJYDDX-008。
摘要Endogenous security in next-generation wireless communication systems attracts increasing attentions in recent years.A typical solution to endogenous security problems is the Quantum Key Distribution(QKD),where unconditional security can be achieved thanks to the inherent properties of quantum mechanics.Continuous Variable-Quantum Key Distribution(CV-QKD)enjoys high Secret Key Rate(SKR)and good compatibility with existing optical communication infrastructure.Traditional CV-QKD usually employ coherent receivers to detect coherent states,whose detection performance is restricted to the standard quantum limit.In this paper,we employ a generalized Kennedy receiver called CD-Kennedy receiver to enhance the detection performance of coherent states in turbulent channels,where Equal-Gain Combining(EGC)method is used to combine the output of CD-Kennedy receivers.Besides,we derive the SKR of a post-selection based CV-QKD protocol using both CD-Kennedy receiver and homodyne receiver with EGC in turbulent channels.We further propose an equivalent transmittance method to facilitate the calculation of both the Bit-Error Rate(BER)and SKR.Numerical results show that the CD-Kennedy receiver can outperform the homodyne receiver in turbulent channels in terms of both BER and SKR performance.We find that BER and SKR performance advantage of CD-Kennedy receiver over homodyne receiver demonstrate opposite trends as the average transmittance increases,which indicates that two separate system settings should be employed for communication and key distribution purposes.Besides,we also demonstrate that the SKR performance of a CD-Kennedy receiver is much robust than that of a homodyne receiver in turbulent channels.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22273038,22033004,and 22403037)Fundamental and Interdisciplinary Disciplines Breakthrough Plan of the Ministry of Education of China(No.JYB2025XDXM309)+3 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2023TQ0137)Jiangsu Province Innovation Support Program(Soft Science Research)Special Funding(No.BK20232012)Laboratory of AI for Electrochemistry(AI4EC)and IKKEM(Nos.RD2023100101 and RD2022070501)the Free Exploration Project(No.XTS0018)of the Zhongguancun Academy。
摘要Accurately and efficiently calculating electronic excited states remains a major challenge in quantum chemistry,especially for complex photophysical and photochemical systems.Conventional approaches such as time-dependent density functional theory(TDDFT)are limited by unfavorable computational scaling,limiting their applicability to large systems.To address this,we present a computational framework combining the generalized energy-based fragmentation(GEBF)approach with TDDFT-ris,which requires only one s-type auxiliary basis function per atom via the resolution-of-the-identity technique.This approach enables efficient and reliable excited-state computations for macromolecules,including fluorescent materials and proteins with thousands of atoms,and provides accurate predictions of asymmetry factors(g-factors)in chiral optoelectronic materials and fluorescent protein.
摘要In this paper,we investigate the thermodynamic properties and geometries of phantom(A)dS F(R)black holes in the presence of recently proposed generalized entropy.For this purpose,we evaluate the heat capacity,Helmholtz free energy,Gibbs free energy,compressibility factor Z and the isothermal compressibility(κT)to analyze the local and global stability of this black hole.We also analyze the thermal geometries of this black hole,which provide useful insights.Furthermore,we present isotherms on the P-V diagram,illustrating phase behavior.It is interesting to mention here that generalized entropy provides a significant and useful impact on the results of thermal analysis of the aforementioned black holes.
基金Supported by the Korea Health Technology R&D Project through the Korea Health Industry Development Institute(KHIDI),funded by the Ministry of Health&Welfare,Republic of Korea(No.HR20C0026)the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)(No.RS-2023-00247504)the Patient-Centered Clinical Research Coordinating Center,funded by the Ministry of Health&Welfare,Republic of Korea(No.HC19C0276).
摘要AIM:To build a functional generalized estimating equation(GEE)model to detect glaucomatous visual field progression and compare the performance of the proposed method with that of commonly employed algorithms.METHODS:Totally 716 eyes of 716 patients with primary open angle glaucoma(POAG)with at least 5 reliable 24-2 test results and 2y of follow-up were selected.The functional GEE model was used to detect perimetric progression in the training dataset(501 eyes).In the testing dataset(215 eyes),progression was evaluated the functional GEE model,mean deviation(MD)and visual field index(VFI)rates of change,Advanced Glaucoma Intervention Study(AGIS)and Collaborative Initial Glaucoma Treatment Study(CIGTS)scores,and pointwise linear regression(PLR).RESULTS:The proposed method showed the highest proportion of eyes detected as progression(54.4%),followed by the VFI rate(34.4%),PLR(23.3%),and MD rate(21.4%).The CIGTS and AGIS scores had a lower proportion of eyes detected as progression(7.9%and 5.1%,respectively).The time to detection of progression was significantly shorter for the proposed method than that of other algorithms(adjusted P≤0.019).The VFI rate displayed moderate pairwise agreement with the proposed method(k=0.47).CONCLUSION:The functional GEE model shows the highest proportion of eyes detected as perimetric progression and the shortest time to detect perimetric progression in patients with POAG.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12571245)。
摘要In this paper,we consider the Cauchy problem for the two-dimensional generalized surface quasi-geostrophic(gSQG)equations{θt+(u∇)θ+(-Δ)γθ=0 u=∇⊥Λ-2+βθ,θ(x,0)=θ0(x).For initial dataθ0(x)in the critical function spaces L2/2γ-β(R2),we establish the global existence and uniqueness of solutions.Furthermore,we derive the decay of Lp-norms of the global solutions and their spatial derivatives.
基金supported by Science Challenge Project(No.TZ20180001)。
摘要Based on the generalized reduced R-matrix theory,the R-matrix analysis code(RAC program)was used to analyze the experimental data of all the nuclear reaction channels related to the 5 He system.The current calculations provide accurate and reliable evaluation data and are in good agreement with the experimental data.In this study,self-consistent evaluation data for each reaction were obtained using multi-channel and multi-energy fitting.In particular,the error propagation theory of generalized least squares was used to determine the error of the evaluation data and the covariance matrix of the integral cross section.This R-matrix analysis for the 5 He system has three features.First,for the first time,the error in the evaluation data of the T(d,n)4He reaction cross section and the covariance matrix of the integral cross section are provided.Second,we used only one set of R-matrix parameters to depict the reaction cross section of each reaction channel of the 5 He system for the entire energy region in our work.Third,in this evaluation,we considered some of the latest measured experimental data,especially after 2000.The T(d,n)4He reaction cross section at 0.1 MeV and below was carefully studied.The effect of different energy levels in T(d,n)4He was analyzed,with the energy levels 3/2+making a major contribution to the cross section,and the role of the S-wave and P-wave from 3/2~-determines the lean forward trend of the angular distributions at 0.01–0.1 MeV.