The dust cycle is a crucial component of the present-day Martian climate system.This study examines its multitimescale variability using an optimized 50-year simulation with the fully interactive scheme from the Globa...The dust cycle is a crucial component of the present-day Martian climate system.This study examines its multitimescale variability using an optimized 50-year simulation with the fully interactive scheme from the Global Open Planetary Atmospheric Model for Mars(GoMars),a newly developed Mars General Circulation Model(MGCM).GoMars is able to reproduce the diurnal,seasonal,and interannual characteristics of the dust cycle in several key aspects,with high repeatability in diurnal and seasonal variations during non-global dust storm(non-GDS)years.The model’s“climatology”(non-GDS years ensemble mean)captures the seasonal pattern and magnitude of the vertical–meridional dust distribution,validated against Mars Climate Database and Mars Climate Sounder observations.In the absence of direct observations,the GoMars-simulated near-surface wind stress lifting flux is evaluated through comparisons with other MGCMs(e.g.,MarsWRF),revealing consistent seasonal and spatial patterns.As for the diurnal cycle,the peak dust devil lifting flux occurs at 1200–1300 local time,matching the Mars Pathfinder measurements.The model also successfully captures the intense dust devil activity in Amazonis,a region identified as a major dust devil hotspot based on observational data.In GDS years,GoMars effectively reproduces spontaneous GDSs,capturing their observed onset times,locations,and dust transport patterns as exhibited in specific Martian years.The model also simulates significant interannual variability,with irregular GDS intervals along with reasonable dust–atmosphere interactions.展开更多
Idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury(iDILI)is a rare,dose-independent and unpredictable adverse reaction occurring at therapeutic drug exposure,and it presents a significant challenge for drug development and patie...Idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury(iDILI)is a rare,dose-independent and unpredictable adverse reaction occurring at therapeutic drug exposure,and it presents a significant challenge for drug development and patient safety.Despite extensive research,genetic susceptibility to iDILI remains poorly understood.We conducted a comprehensive systematic study of 139 human genetic studies to identify and characterize genetic polymorphisms associated with increased risk or protection against iDILI.Our study included candidate gene studies and genome-wide association studies(GWAS),encompassing 83 risk and 25 protective genes,with NAT2,HLA-B,and SLCO1B1 among the most frequently reported.We performed functional enrichment analyses using KEGG and Gene Ontology,revealing key biological pathways related to immune response,xenobiotic metabolism,and bile secretion.To enhance data accessibility and interpretation,we developed iDILInet,a publicly available web application that enables interactive exploration and network-based visualization of iDILI-associated gene-variant-drug relationships,enriched with liver-specific expression data from the Human Protein Atlas(HPA).Our work provides a novel integrative resource that supports ongoing efforts in precision medicine and pharmacogenomics and represents a significant advancement in implementing living systematic reviews in toxicogenomics.展开更多
Autonomous driving depends on successful interactions among humans,vehicles,and roads.However,people often lack an understanding of autonomous vehicle(AV)behaviours and decisions.Moreover,AVs have difficulty aligning ...Autonomous driving depends on successful interactions among humans,vehicles,and roads.However,people often lack an understanding of autonomous vehicle(AV)behaviours and decisions.Moreover,AVs have difficulty aligning with human intentions in their interactions.To overcome the obstacles associated with the absence of interactive intelligence,especially in complex and uncertain environments,we introduce the concept of embodied interactive intelligence towards autonomous driving(EIIAD),which establishes representation and learning methods aligned with the physical world,enhancing human-machine integration.Building on this concept,we propose an end-to-end unified constrained vehicle environment interaction(UniCVE)model,which involves the construction of an end-to-end perception-cognition-behaviour closed-loop feedback paradigm and continuous learning through accumulated split driving scenarios.This model realizes interaction cognition through networks designed for pedestrians and vehicles,and it unifies the cognition as a value network of AVs to generate socially compatible behaviours.The UniCVE model is implemented on Dongfeng autonomous buses,which have successfully travelled 22 thousand kilometres and completed 45 thousand navigation tasks in Xiong’an New Area,China,demonstrating its general applicability in various driving scenarios.In addition,we highlight the high-level interactive intelligence of the UniCVE model in selected simulated complex interaction scenarios,demonstrating that it makes AVs more intelligent,more reliable,and more attuned to human relationships.Furthermore,the UniCVE model’s capacity for self-learning and self-growth allows it to infinitely approximate true intelligence,even with limited experience.展开更多
Continuous and highly accurate navigation of long-endurance flight vehicles continues to be a substantial challenge in Global Navigation Satellite Systems(GNSS)-denied environments.Though the integrated navigation bas...Continuous and highly accurate navigation of long-endurance flight vehicles continues to be a substantial challenge in Global Navigation Satellite Systems(GNSS)-denied environments.Though the integrated navigation based on multiple sensors is used to improve the navigation performance,the existing methods are prone to model mismatch and error accumulation under heterogeneous conditions of sensors.In this paper,a Tightly-coupled Interactive Multi-Model Factor Graph Optimization(TIMMFGO) navigation method is proposed to solve the problem.The developed integrated navigation framework consists of Inertial Navigation Systems(INS),Celestial Navigation Systems(CNS),Radio Navigation Systems(RNS),and Barometric Altimeters(BA).We propose a CNS/INS tightly-coupled graph architecture that integrates star vector observations with INS pre-integration,enabling dynamic compensation of gyroscopic bias while correcting the attitude update accuracy of INS.Then,an Interactive Multi-Model(IMM) adaptive weighting strategy is used to combine the vertical RNS factor with the BA factor for position,which can effectively reduce the altitude bias induced by the spatial configuration constraints of RNS.The simulation demonstrates that compared to the Huber M-estimation-based FGO(HMFGO),Windowing Anomaly-Detection-based FGO(WADFGO) and IMM Unscented Kalman Filter(IMMUKF)methods,the TIMMFGO method improves attitude accuracy by 46.49 %,25.68 % and 20.67 %,respectively,while correspondingly reducing position accuracy by 29.29 %,10.79 % and 6.96 %.展开更多
The toxicity of 6PPD(N-(1,3-Dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine) to algae raises concern due to its potential to disrupt primary productivity in aquatic ecosystems. This study investigates the interactive ...The toxicity of 6PPD(N-(1,3-Dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine) to algae raises concern due to its potential to disrupt primary productivity in aquatic ecosystems. This study investigates the interactive toxicity of6PPD and Cd(Ⅱ) to algae in the presence and absence of other microorganisms, evaluated 48 h after exposure. In pure culture, Cd(Ⅱ) exhibited dominant toxicity, while the toxicity of 6PPD was minimal. In contrast, in microbial community stock culture, the toxicity of 6PPD significantly increased with concentration, resulting in decreased algae growth, reduced chlorophyll a content, and suppression of key photosynthesis parameters. Notably, the addition of 2 mg/L Cd(Ⅱ) significantly attenuated the toxicity of 6PPD to algae, suggesting an antagonistic interaction. However, at 4 mg/L Cd(Ⅱ), the toxicity of 6PPD to algae remained significant at higher concentrations.Gene expression analysis revealed that 6PPD upregulated oxidative stress genes and photosynthetic genes, indicating a stress response, while Cd(Ⅱ) inhibited these responses. Additionally, Cd(Ⅱ) downregulated the P450enzyme, suggesting potential inhibition of microbial transform of 6PPD into more toxic metabolites, such as6PPD-quinone. Fluorescence spectroscopy showed that 2 mg/L Cd(Ⅱ) reduced humic acid-like and tryptophanlike dissolved organic matter(DOM) in the culture supernatants, potentially affecting the bioavailability of 6PPD.The findings suggest that the presence of other microorganisms amplifies the toxicity of 6PPD, with effects may be mitigated by Cd(Ⅱ) via microbial transformation inhibition or DOM complexation. Overall, this study provides a comprehensive understanding of how the interaction of 6PPD and Cd(Ⅱ) impacts the health and function of aquatic plants.展开更多
Ensuring operational safety for autonomous vehicles is a critical challenge in modern engineering,particularly due to the intricate interactions among diverse traffic participants.Traditional approaches often treat pl...Ensuring operational safety for autonomous vehicles is a critical challenge in modern engineering,particularly due to the intricate interactions among diverse traffic participants.Traditional approaches often treat planning and prediction as unidirectional processes,failing to capture the dynamic,game-theoretic nature of realworld traffic.In the context of Digital Twins,there is an urgent need for high-fidelity virtual representations that can model the continuous,bidirectional evolution of the ego vehicle and surrounding agents to support robust decisionmaking under uncertainty.To address these limitations,a novel framework named Planning by Simulation with mutual influence prediction is proposed,which functions as a high-fidelity simulation-based predictive planner for autonomous driving decision-making.This framework explicitly models the iterative interplay between the ego vehicle’s planning and the predicted trajectories of surrounding agents within a virtual environment.By integrating a querycentric trajectory prediction mechanism with Monte Carlo Tree Search,the proposed approach orchestrates intelligent model exploration.It iteratively refines the ego vehicle’s actions by simulating future scenarios and adapting to the dynamic behaviors of other agents,thereby tightly coupling data-driven predictions with physics-based planning constraints.Comprehensive evaluations on the Argoverse 1 and Argoverse 2 dataset in Metadrive simulator demonstrate the efficacy of this simulation-based approach.The framework successfully captures complex interaction dynamics that static models overlook.The results indicate that the proposed method generates significantly safer,more rational,and human-like trajectories compared to existing baselines,validating the system’s high-fidelity predictive capabilities.The proposed framework illustrates the transformative potential of advanced virtual simulation technologies in autonomous mobility.By enabling the continuous integration of predictive data into the planning loop,this study provides a powerful foundation for interpretable and reliable decision-making in virtual engineering systems.It highlights how coupling generative simulation with interactive planning can resolve critical safety challenges in the lifecycle of intelligent autonomous systems.展开更多
Reliable traffic flow prediction is crucial for mitigating urban congestion.This paper proposes Attentionbased spatiotemporal Interactive Dynamic Graph Convolutional Network(AIDGCN),a novel architecture integrating In...Reliable traffic flow prediction is crucial for mitigating urban congestion.This paper proposes Attentionbased spatiotemporal Interactive Dynamic Graph Convolutional Network(AIDGCN),a novel architecture integrating Interactive Dynamic Graph Convolution Network(IDGCN)with Temporal Multi-Head Trend-Aware Attention.Its core innovation lies in IDGCN,which uniquely splits sequences into symmetric intervals for interactive feature sharing via dynamic graphs,and a novel attention mechanism incorporating convolutional operations to capture essential local traffic trends—addressing a critical gap in standard attention for continuous data.For 15-and 60-min forecasting on METR-LA,AIDGCN achieves MAEs of 0.75%and 0.39%,and RMSEs of 1.32%and 0.14%,respectively.In the 60-min long-term forecasting of the PEMS-BAY dataset,the AIDGCN out-performs the MRA-BGCN method by 6.28%,4.93%,and 7.17%in terms of MAE,RMSE,and MAPE,respectively.Experimental results demonstrate the superiority of our pro-posed model over state-of-the-art methods.展开更多
Aiming at the problems of lagging curriculum,weak practice,and single evaluation in the cultivation of HarmonyOS Development talents,this study constructs a“teacher-machine-student”ternary interactive teaching model...Aiming at the problems of lagging curriculum,weak practice,and single evaluation in the cultivation of HarmonyOS Development talents,this study constructs a“teacher-machine-student”ternary interactive teaching model based on the Congyou platform.Through the building block curriculum system,the HarmonyOS technology stack is decoupled into dynamic capability units,and a multi-disciplinary cross-case library is jointly built with Huawei,which significantly improves the synchronization of teaching content and industrial technology.This paper innovatively designs an AI collaborative teaching system,which employs knowledge graphs to plan learning paths,utilizes virtual equipment clusters to simulate development environments,and establishes a“diagnosis-feedback-enhancement”closed loop through AI-based review,thereby effectively improving students’development efficiency and code reuse rate.A three-dimensional evaluation model integrating task outcomes,process performance,and innovation is constructed,incorporating indicators such as code standardization and an innovation index to strengthen the cultivation of engineering thinking and innovative ability.Furthermore,a data-driven support platform is built to generate student competency profiles,open up the“credit-competency-certification”pathway,promote the transformation of course achievements into contributions to the Huawei ecosystem,and significantly shorten the job adaptation cycle for graduates.The research results provide a replicable paradigm for the cultivation of domestic operating system talents.展开更多
Research on original children’s picture books that are already existing has not yet been completely explored formally. When it comes to the locally produced picture books, they do not match the young children’s cogn...Research on original children’s picture books that are already existing has not yet been completely explored formally. When it comes to the locally produced picture books, they do not match the young children’s cognitive level, and also the interaction is not deep enough. Also there are still few researches related to the ones based on regional culture pictures book. The authors choose parents with kids under 12 from Shanxi Province to investigate the present situation of integrating interactive picture books with local culture in Shanxi. This study explores different aspects such as children’s reading behavior, mode of interaction preference, and the preference for picture book content and theme, so as to discover the true need and creativity direction of children’s picture book in Shanxi. It can be seen from the results that children prefer interactive forms that involve doing things themselves as well as stories which are interesting and full of make believe. From those, it is hoped that this paper could give some practical advice and directions for the creation of homegrown Chinese children’s picture books (Zhou, 2025).展开更多
Objective: To investigate the nursing care outcomes for patients undergoing blood purification and analyze the impact of the Cox Health Behavior Interactive Nursing Model. Methods: The study was conducted at Yangzhong...Objective: To investigate the nursing care outcomes for patients undergoing blood purification and analyze the impact of the Cox Health Behavior Interactive Nursing Model. Methods: The study was conducted at Yangzhong People's Hospital from January 2023 to December 2024. A total of 90 eligible blood purification patients were randomly selected and divided into two groups using a random number table: the control group (n=45) received conventional nursing care, while the study group (n=45) received the Cox Health Behavior Interactive Nursing Model in addition to conventional care. Outcomes were compared. Results: Post-intervention, (1) SAS and SDS scores: study group <control group (P<0.05); (2) Self-management ability scores: study group> control group (P<0.05); (3) Complication rates: total incidence in the study group <control group (P<0.05); (4) PSQI total score and RPFS scores: study group <control group (P<0.05); (5) Quality of life: study group> control group (P<0.05); (6) Nursing satisfaction: study group> control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Compared with conventional nursing care, the Cox Health Behavior Interactive Nursing Model demonstrated superior overall efficacy, effectively reducing negative emotions, enhancing self-management abilities, minimizing complications, alleviating fatigue, improving sleep and quality of life, and increasing patient satisfaction.展开更多
Indoor scene semantic segmentation is essential for enabling robots to understand and interact with their environments effectively.However,numerous challenges remain unresolved,particularly in single-robot systems,whi...Indoor scene semantic segmentation is essential for enabling robots to understand and interact with their environments effectively.However,numerous challenges remain unresolved,particularly in single-robot systems,which often struggle with the complexity and variability of indoor scenes.To address these limitations,we introduce a novel multi-robot collaborative framework based on multiplex interactive learning(MPIL)in which each robot specialises in a distinct visual task within a unified multitask architecture.During training,the framework employs task-specific decoders and cross-task feature sharing to enhance collaborative optimisation.At inference time,robots operate independently with optimised models,enabling scalable,asynchronous and efficient deployment in real-world scenarios.Specifically,MPIL employs specially designed modules that integrate RGB and depth data,refine feature representations and facilitate the simultaneous execution of multiple tasks,such as instance segmentation,scene classification and semantic segmentation.By leveraging these modules,distinct agents within multi-robot systems can effectively handle specialised tasks,thereby enhancing the overall system's flexibility and adaptability.This collaborative effort maximises the strengths of each robot,resulting in a more comprehensive understanding of environments.Extensive experiments on two public benchmark datasets demonstrate MPIL's competitive performance compared to state-of-the-art approaches,highlighting the effectiveness and robustness of our multi-robot system in complex indoor environments.展开更多
Dear Editor,This letter proposes a novel Nash bargaining solution-based multiobjective model predictive control(MPC)scheme to deal with the interaction force control and the path-following problem of the constrained i...Dear Editor,This letter proposes a novel Nash bargaining solution-based multiobjective model predictive control(MPC)scheme to deal with the interaction force control and the path-following problem of the constrained interactive robot.Considering the elastic interaction force model,a mechanical trade-off always exists between the interaction force and position,which means that neither force nor path following can satisfy their desired demands completely.Based on this consideration,two irreconcilable control specifications,the force object function and the position track object function,are proposed,and a new multi-objective MPC scheme is then designed.展开更多
Fertilization or atmospheric deposition of nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)to terrestrial ecosystems can alter soil N(P)availability and the nature of nutrient limitation for plant growth.Changing the allocation of leaf P...Fertilization or atmospheric deposition of nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)to terrestrial ecosystems can alter soil N(P)availability and the nature of nutrient limitation for plant growth.Changing the allocation of leaf P fractions is potentially an adaptive strategy for plants to cope with soil N(P)availability and nutrient-limiting conditions.However,the impact of the interactions between imbalanced anthropogenic N and P inputs on the concentrations and allocation proportions of leaf P fractions in forest woody plants remains elusive.We conducted a metaanalysis of data about the concentrations and allocation proportions of leaf P fractions,specifically associated with individual and combined additions of N and P in evergreen forests,the dominant vegetation type in southern China where the primary productivity is usually considered limited by P.This assessment allowed us to quantitatively evaluate the effects of N and P additions alone and interactively on leaf P allocation and use strategies.Nitrogen addition(exacerbating P limitation)reduced the concentrations of leaf total P and different leaf P fractions.Nitrogen addition reduced the allocation to leaf metabolic P but increased the allocation to other fractions,while P addition showed opposite trends.The simultaneous additions of N and P showed an antagonistic(mutual suppression)effect on the concentrations of leaf P fractions,but an additive(summary)effect on the allocation proportions of leaf P fractions.These results highlight the importance of strategies of leaf P fraction allocation in forest plants under changes in environmental nutrient availability.Importantly,our study identified critical interactions associated with combined N and P inputs that affect leaf P fractions,thus aiding in predicting plant acclimation strategies in the context of intensifying and imbalanced anthropogenic nutrient inputs.展开更多
In recent years,railway construction in China has developed vigorously.With continuous improvements in the highspeed railway network,the focus is gradually shifting from large-scale construction to large-scale operati...In recent years,railway construction in China has developed vigorously.With continuous improvements in the highspeed railway network,the focus is gradually shifting from large-scale construction to large-scale operations.However,several challenges have emerged within the high-speed railway dispatching and command system,including the heavy workload faced by dispatchers,the difficulty of quantifying subjective expertise,and the need for effective training of professionals.Amid the growing application of artificial intelligence technologies in railway systems,this study leverages Large Language Model(LLM)technology.LLMs bring enhanced intelligence,predictive capabilities,robust memory,and adaptability to diverse real-world scenarios.This study proposes a human-computer interactive intelligent scheduling auxiliary training system built on LLM technology.The system offers capabilities including natural dialogue,knowledge reasoning,and human feedback learning.With broad applicability,the system is suitable for vocational education,guided inquiry,knowledge-based Q&A,and other training scenarios.Validation results demonstrate its effectiveness in auxiliary training,providing substantial support for educators,students,and dispatching personnel in colleges and professional settings.展开更多
Virtual reality scenes oriented towards immersive interaction have strict requirements for real-time rendering,such as high frame rate,low latency,and visual consistency.Traditional rendering methods are difficult to ...Virtual reality scenes oriented towards immersive interaction have strict requirements for real-time rendering,such as high frame rate,low latency,and visual consistency.Traditional rendering methods are difficult to ensure both real-time performance and immersive experience under limited computing resources.This article systematically explores the key technologies and implementation paths of intelligent rendering methods:firstly,it analyzes the rendering pressure bottleneck,multi view continuity,and visual dual constraints caused by immersive interaction;Furthermore,an intelligent rendering mechanism based on gaze point prediction,scene semantic modeling,and closed-loop resource allocation will be constructed;On this basis,adaptive strategies such as behavior driven detail level adjustment,dynamic and static differentiation processing,spatiotemporal consistency,and load coordination are proposed;Finally,the evaluation indicators,stability analysis,and scalability verification of real-time performance and immersion are discussed.This article provides a system framework for the theoretical construction and engineering implementation of intelligent rendering methods.展开更多
Software defect prediction aims to use measurement data of code and historical defects to predict potential problems,optimize testing resources and defect management.However,current methods face challenges:(1)Coarse-g...Software defect prediction aims to use measurement data of code and historical defects to predict potential problems,optimize testing resources and defect management.However,current methods face challenges:(1)Coarse-grained file level detection cannot accurately locate specific defects.(2)Fine-grained line-level defect prediction methods rely solely on local information of a single line of code,failing to deeply analyze the semantic context of the code line and ignoring the heuristic impact of line-level context on the code line,making it difficult to capture the interaction between global and local information.Therefore,this paper proposes a telecontext-enhanced recursive interactive attention fusion method for line-level defect prediction(TRIA-LineDP).Firstly,using a bidirectional hierarchical attention network to extract semantic features and contextual information from the original code lines as the basis.Then,the extracted contextual information is forwarded to the telecontext capture module to aggregate the global context,thereby enhancing the understanding of broader code dynamics.Finally,a recursive interaction model is used to simulate the interaction between code lines and line-level context,passing information layer by layer to enhance local and global information exchange,thereby achieving accurate defect localization.Experimental results from within-project defect prediction(WPDP)and cross-project defect prediction(CPDP)conducted on nine different projects(encompassing a total of 32 versions)demonstrated that,within the same project,the proposed methods will respectively recall at top 20%of lines of code(Recall@Top20%LOC)and effort at top 20%recall(Effort@Top20%Recall)has increased by 11%–52%and 23%–77%.In different projects,improvements of 9%–60%and 18%–77%have been achieved,which are superior to existing advanced methods and have good detection performance.展开更多
With increasing awareness of environmental protection and rising carbon emission costs,participation in electricity and carbon markets for energy-intensive industrial users will become an effective way to reduce opera...With increasing awareness of environmental protection and rising carbon emission costs,participation in electricity and carbon markets for energy-intensive industrial users will become an effective way to reduce operating costs and carbon emissions.In this regard,a novel Stackelberg game framework is developed in this study for coordinated participation in coupled electricity‒carbon markets.Specifically,generalized carbon emission models and electricity consumption models for different energy-intensive industrial users are established,and a Stackelberg game-based interactive operation strategy is proposed for load aggregators(LAs)and energy-intensive industrial users in joint electricity‒carbon markets,where the LA works as a leader who chooses proper interactive prices to maximize the comprehensive benefit,whereas energy-intensive industrial users serve as followers who minimize the total energy costs in response to the interactive prices set by the LA.Then,the existence and uniqueness of the Stackelberg equilibrium(SE)are analyzed,and a decentralized solution algorithm is suggested to reach the SE.Finally,the simulation results demonstrate that the proposed interactive operation strategy can not only increase the profit of the LA but also reduce the cost of energy-intensive industrial users,which achieves a win-win result.展开更多
Population migration data derived from location-based services has often been used to delineate population flows between cities or construct intercity relationship networks to reveal and explore the complex interactio...Population migration data derived from location-based services has often been used to delineate population flows between cities or construct intercity relationship networks to reveal and explore the complex interaction patterns underlying human activities.Nevertheless,the inherent heterogeneity in multimodal migration big data has been ignored.This study conducts an in-depth comparison and quantitative analysis through a comprehensive lens of spatial association.Initially,the intercity interactive networks in China were constructed,utilizing migration data from Baidu and AutoNavi collected during the same time period.Subsequently,the characteristics and spatial structure similarities of the two types of intercity interactive networks were quantitatively assessed and analyzed from overall(network)and local(node)perspectives.Furthermore,the precision of these networks at the local scale is corroborated by constructing an intercity network from mobile phone(MP)data.Results indicate that the intercity interactive networks in China,as delineated by Baidu and AutoNavi migration flows,exhibit a high degree of structure equivalence.The correlation coefficient between these two networks is 0.874.Both networks exhibit a pronounced spatial polarization trend and hierarchical structure.This is evident in their distinct core and peripheral structures,as well as in the varying importance and influence of different nodes within the networks.Nevertheless,there are notable differences worthy of attention.Baidu intercity interactive network exhibits pronounced cross-regional effects,and its high-level interactions are characterized by a“rich-club”phenomenon.The AutoNavi intercity interactive network presents a more significant distance attenuation effect,and the high-level interactions display a gradient distribution pattern.Notably,there exists a substantial correlation between the AutoNavi and MP networks at the local scale,evidenced by a high correlation coefficient of 0.954.Furthermore,the“spatial dislocations”phenomenon was observed within the spatial structures at different levels,extracted from the Baidu and AutoNavi intercity networks.However,the measured results of network spatial structure similarity from three dimensions,namely,node location,node size,and local structure,indicate a relatively high similarity and consistency between the two networks.展开更多
Online interactive learning plays a crucial role in improving online education quality.This grounded theory study examines:(1)what key factors shape EFL learners’online interactive learning,(2)how these factors form ...Online interactive learning plays a crucial role in improving online education quality.This grounded theory study examines:(1)what key factors shape EFL learners’online interactive learning,(2)how these factors form an empirically validated model,and(3)how they interact within this model,through systematic analysis of 9,207 discussion forum posts from a Chinese University MOOC platform.Results demonstrate that learning drive,course structure,teaching competence,interaction behavior,expected outcomes,and online learning context significantly influence EFL online interactive learning.The analysis reveals two key mechanisms:expected outcomes mediate the effects of learning drive(β=0.45),course structure,teaching competence,and interaction behavior(β=0.35)on learning outcomes,while online learning context moderates these relationships(β=0.25).Specifically,learning drive provides intrinsic/extrinsic motivation,whereas course structure,teaching competence,interaction behavior,and expected outcomes collectively enhance interaction quality and sustainability.These findings,derived through rigorous grounded theory methodology involving open,axial,and selective coding of large-scale interaction data,yield three key contributions:(1)a comprehensive theoretical model of EFL online learning dynamics,(2)empirical validation of mediation/moderation mechanisms,and(3)practical strategies for designing scaffolded interaction protocols and adaptive feedback systems.The study establishes that its theoretically saturated model(achieved after analyzing 7,366 posts with 1,841 verification cases)offers educators evidence-based approaches to optimize collaborative interaction in digital EFL environments.展开更多
Objectively, a complex interactive coercing relationship exists between urbanization and eco-environment, and the research of this relationship is primarily divided into three schools, i.e., interactive coercion theor...Objectively, a complex interactive coercing relationship exists between urbanization and eco-environment, and the research of this relationship is primarily divided into three schools, i.e., interactive coercion theory, interactive promotion theory and coupling symbiosis theory. Harmonizing the relationship between urbanization and eco-environment is not only an important proposition for the national development plan but also the only way to promote healthy urbanization. Based on an analysis of urbanization process and its relationship with the eco-environment, this article analyzes interactive coercing effects between urbanization and eco-environment from three perspectives of population urbanization, economic urbanization and spatial urbanization, respectively, and analyzes risk effects of the interactive coercion. Further, it shows six basic laws followed by interactive coercion between urbanization and eco-environment, namely, coupling fission law, dynamic hierarchy law, stochastic fluctuation law, non-linear synergetic law, threshold value law and forewarning law, and divides the interactive coercing process into five stages, namely, low-level coordinate, antagonistic, break-in, ameliorative and high-grade coordinate. Based on the geometric derivation, the interactive coercing relationship between urbanization and eco-environment is judged to be non-linear and it can be explained by a double-exponential function formed by the combination of power and exponential functions. Then, the evolutionary types of the interactive coercing relationship are divided into nine ones: rudimentary coordinating, ecology-dominated, synchronal coordinating, urbanization lagging, stepwise break-in, exorbitant urbanization, fragile ecology, rudimentary break-in and unsustainable types. Finally, based on an interactive coercion model, the degree of interactive coercion can be examined, and then, an evolutionary cycle can be divided into four phases, namely rudimentary symbiosis, harmonious development, utmost increasing and spiral type rising. The study results offer a scientific decision-making of healthy urbanization for achieving the goal of eco-environment protection and promoting urbanization.展开更多
基金jointly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42475135)the Key Technology Research Project of TW-3(TW3006)the IAP’s basic scientific research project during the 14th Five-Year Plan Period.
摘要The dust cycle is a crucial component of the present-day Martian climate system.This study examines its multitimescale variability using an optimized 50-year simulation with the fully interactive scheme from the Global Open Planetary Atmospheric Model for Mars(GoMars),a newly developed Mars General Circulation Model(MGCM).GoMars is able to reproduce the diurnal,seasonal,and interannual characteristics of the dust cycle in several key aspects,with high repeatability in diurnal and seasonal variations during non-global dust storm(non-GDS)years.The model’s“climatology”(non-GDS years ensemble mean)captures the seasonal pattern and magnitude of the vertical–meridional dust distribution,validated against Mars Climate Database and Mars Climate Sounder observations.In the absence of direct observations,the GoMars-simulated near-surface wind stress lifting flux is evaluated through comparisons with other MGCMs(e.g.,MarsWRF),revealing consistent seasonal and spatial patterns.As for the diurnal cycle,the peak dust devil lifting flux occurs at 1200–1300 local time,matching the Mars Pathfinder measurements.The model also successfully captures the intense dust devil activity in Amazonis,a region identified as a major dust devil hotspot based on observational data.In GDS years,GoMars effectively reproduces spontaneous GDSs,capturing their observed onset times,locations,and dust transport patterns as exhibited in specific Martian years.The model also simulates significant interannual variability,with irregular GDS intervals along with reasonable dust–atmosphere interactions.
基金supported by grants from the Consejeria de Salud de Andalucia,and the Instituto de Salud Carlos III,cofounded by Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional(FEDER)(PI21/01248,PT23/00137,PI24/01205,FORT23/00013)Agencia Española del Medicamento y Productos Sanitarios+6 种基金from Ministerio de Ciencia e InnovacionAgencia Estatal de Investigacion(PID2022-140169OB-C21/MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/FEDER)HORIZON-HLTH-2022-STAYHLTH-02,grant number 101095679,and from University of Malaga(PPRO-CTS649-G-2023 and PPRO-CTS1032-G-2023)Marina Villanueva-Paz holds a postdoctoral research contract from Consejeria de Salud y Consumo de la Junta de Andalucia(RHJ-0052-2024)Gonzalo Matilla-Cabello holds an FPU PhD fellowship from the Spanish Ministry of Science,Innovation,and Universities(FPU22/03868)Antonio Segovia-Zafra holds a Jaume Bosch predoctoral contract(CECO-EHD002)funded by CIBEREHDAngela Remesal-Doblado holds an FPI PhD contract associated with Proyecto Generacion de Conocimiento 2022(PREP2022-000511).CIBERehd is funded by ISCIII.
摘要Idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury(iDILI)is a rare,dose-independent and unpredictable adverse reaction occurring at therapeutic drug exposure,and it presents a significant challenge for drug development and patient safety.Despite extensive research,genetic susceptibility to iDILI remains poorly understood.We conducted a comprehensive systematic study of 139 human genetic studies to identify and characterize genetic polymorphisms associated with increased risk or protection against iDILI.Our study included candidate gene studies and genome-wide association studies(GWAS),encompassing 83 risk and 25 protective genes,with NAT2,HLA-B,and SLCO1B1 among the most frequently reported.We performed functional enrichment analyses using KEGG and Gene Ontology,revealing key biological pathways related to immune response,xenobiotic metabolism,and bile secretion.To enhance data accessibility and interpretation,we developed iDILInet,a publicly available web application that enables interactive exploration and network-based visualization of iDILI-associated gene-variant-drug relationships,enriched with liver-specific expression data from the Human Protein Atlas(HPA).Our work provides a novel integrative resource that supports ongoing efforts in precision medicine and pharmacogenomics and represents a significant advancement in implementing living systematic reviews in toxicogenomics.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62371013)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFF0615800)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China-Research Grants Council(NSFC-RGC)Joint Research Scheme(62461160309)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(L247007).
摘要Autonomous driving depends on successful interactions among humans,vehicles,and roads.However,people often lack an understanding of autonomous vehicle(AV)behaviours and decisions.Moreover,AVs have difficulty aligning with human intentions in their interactions.To overcome the obstacles associated with the absence of interactive intelligence,especially in complex and uncertain environments,we introduce the concept of embodied interactive intelligence towards autonomous driving(EIIAD),which establishes representation and learning methods aligned with the physical world,enhancing human-machine integration.Building on this concept,we propose an end-to-end unified constrained vehicle environment interaction(UniCVE)model,which involves the construction of an end-to-end perception-cognition-behaviour closed-loop feedback paradigm and continuous learning through accumulated split driving scenarios.This model realizes interaction cognition through networks designed for pedestrians and vehicles,and it unifies the cognition as a value network of AVs to generate socially compatible behaviours.The UniCVE model is implemented on Dongfeng autonomous buses,which have successfully travelled 22 thousand kilometres and completed 45 thousand navigation tasks in Xiong’an New Area,China,demonstrating its general applicability in various driving scenarios.In addition,we highlight the high-level interactive intelligence of the UniCVE model in selected simulated complex interaction scenarios,demonstrating that it makes AVs more intelligent,more reliable,and more attuned to human relationships.Furthermore,the UniCVE model’s capacity for self-learning and self-growth allows it to infinitely approximate true intelligence,even with limited experience.
基金co-supported by the Open Fund of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62401042)the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by China Association for Science and Technology(No.2023QNRC001)。
摘要Continuous and highly accurate navigation of long-endurance flight vehicles continues to be a substantial challenge in Global Navigation Satellite Systems(GNSS)-denied environments.Though the integrated navigation based on multiple sensors is used to improve the navigation performance,the existing methods are prone to model mismatch and error accumulation under heterogeneous conditions of sensors.In this paper,a Tightly-coupled Interactive Multi-Model Factor Graph Optimization(TIMMFGO) navigation method is proposed to solve the problem.The developed integrated navigation framework consists of Inertial Navigation Systems(INS),Celestial Navigation Systems(CNS),Radio Navigation Systems(RNS),and Barometric Altimeters(BA).We propose a CNS/INS tightly-coupled graph architecture that integrates star vector observations with INS pre-integration,enabling dynamic compensation of gyroscopic bias while correcting the attitude update accuracy of INS.Then,an Interactive Multi-Model(IMM) adaptive weighting strategy is used to combine the vertical RNS factor with the BA factor for position,which can effectively reduce the altitude bias induced by the spatial configuration constraints of RNS.The simulation demonstrates that compared to the Huber M-estimation-based FGO(HMFGO),Windowing Anomaly-Detection-based FGO(WADFGO) and IMM Unscented Kalman Filter(IMMUKF)methods,the TIMMFGO method improves attitude accuracy by 46.49 %,25.68 % and 20.67 %,respectively,while correspondingly reducing position accuracy by 29.29 %,10.79 % and 6.96 %.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.31870432 and 31370421)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2018YFC1801703)the Natural Science Foundation Joint Fund Project of Hubei province in China(No.2024AFD351).
摘要The toxicity of 6PPD(N-(1,3-Dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine) to algae raises concern due to its potential to disrupt primary productivity in aquatic ecosystems. This study investigates the interactive toxicity of6PPD and Cd(Ⅱ) to algae in the presence and absence of other microorganisms, evaluated 48 h after exposure. In pure culture, Cd(Ⅱ) exhibited dominant toxicity, while the toxicity of 6PPD was minimal. In contrast, in microbial community stock culture, the toxicity of 6PPD significantly increased with concentration, resulting in decreased algae growth, reduced chlorophyll a content, and suppression of key photosynthesis parameters. Notably, the addition of 2 mg/L Cd(Ⅱ) significantly attenuated the toxicity of 6PPD to algae, suggesting an antagonistic interaction. However, at 4 mg/L Cd(Ⅱ), the toxicity of 6PPD to algae remained significant at higher concentrations.Gene expression analysis revealed that 6PPD upregulated oxidative stress genes and photosynthetic genes, indicating a stress response, while Cd(Ⅱ) inhibited these responses. Additionally, Cd(Ⅱ) downregulated the P450enzyme, suggesting potential inhibition of microbial transform of 6PPD into more toxic metabolites, such as6PPD-quinone. Fluorescence spectroscopy showed that 2 mg/L Cd(Ⅱ) reduced humic acid-like and tryptophanlike dissolved organic matter(DOM) in the culture supernatants, potentially affecting the bioavailability of 6PPD.The findings suggest that the presence of other microorganisms amplifies the toxicity of 6PPD, with effects may be mitigated by Cd(Ⅱ) via microbial transformation inhibition or DOM complexation. Overall, this study provides a comprehensive understanding of how the interaction of 6PPD and Cd(Ⅱ) impacts the health and function of aquatic plants.
摘要Ensuring operational safety for autonomous vehicles is a critical challenge in modern engineering,particularly due to the intricate interactions among diverse traffic participants.Traditional approaches often treat planning and prediction as unidirectional processes,failing to capture the dynamic,game-theoretic nature of realworld traffic.In the context of Digital Twins,there is an urgent need for high-fidelity virtual representations that can model the continuous,bidirectional evolution of the ego vehicle and surrounding agents to support robust decisionmaking under uncertainty.To address these limitations,a novel framework named Planning by Simulation with mutual influence prediction is proposed,which functions as a high-fidelity simulation-based predictive planner for autonomous driving decision-making.This framework explicitly models the iterative interplay between the ego vehicle’s planning and the predicted trajectories of surrounding agents within a virtual environment.By integrating a querycentric trajectory prediction mechanism with Monte Carlo Tree Search,the proposed approach orchestrates intelligent model exploration.It iteratively refines the ego vehicle’s actions by simulating future scenarios and adapting to the dynamic behaviors of other agents,thereby tightly coupling data-driven predictions with physics-based planning constraints.Comprehensive evaluations on the Argoverse 1 and Argoverse 2 dataset in Metadrive simulator demonstrate the efficacy of this simulation-based approach.The framework successfully captures complex interaction dynamics that static models overlook.The results indicate that the proposed method generates significantly safer,more rational,and human-like trajectories compared to existing baselines,validating the system’s high-fidelity predictive capabilities.The proposed framework illustrates the transformative potential of advanced virtual simulation technologies in autonomous mobility.By enabling the continuous integration of predictive data into the planning loop,this study provides a powerful foundation for interpretable and reliable decision-making in virtual engineering systems.It highlights how coupling generative simulation with interactive planning can resolve critical safety challenges in the lifecycle of intelligent autonomous systems.
摘要Reliable traffic flow prediction is crucial for mitigating urban congestion.This paper proposes Attentionbased spatiotemporal Interactive Dynamic Graph Convolutional Network(AIDGCN),a novel architecture integrating Interactive Dynamic Graph Convolution Network(IDGCN)with Temporal Multi-Head Trend-Aware Attention.Its core innovation lies in IDGCN,which uniquely splits sequences into symmetric intervals for interactive feature sharing via dynamic graphs,and a novel attention mechanism incorporating convolutional operations to capture essential local traffic trends—addressing a critical gap in standard attention for continuous data.For 15-and 60-min forecasting on METR-LA,AIDGCN achieves MAEs of 0.75%and 0.39%,and RMSEs of 1.32%and 0.14%,respectively.In the 60-min long-term forecasting of the PEMS-BAY dataset,the AIDGCN out-performs the MRA-BGCN method by 6.28%,4.93%,and 7.17%in terms of MAE,RMSE,and MAPE,respectively.Experimental results demonstrate the superiority of our pro-posed model over state-of-the-art methods.
摘要Aiming at the problems of lagging curriculum,weak practice,and single evaluation in the cultivation of HarmonyOS Development talents,this study constructs a“teacher-machine-student”ternary interactive teaching model based on the Congyou platform.Through the building block curriculum system,the HarmonyOS technology stack is decoupled into dynamic capability units,and a multi-disciplinary cross-case library is jointly built with Huawei,which significantly improves the synchronization of teaching content and industrial technology.This paper innovatively designs an AI collaborative teaching system,which employs knowledge graphs to plan learning paths,utilizes virtual equipment clusters to simulate development environments,and establishes a“diagnosis-feedback-enhancement”closed loop through AI-based review,thereby effectively improving students’development efficiency and code reuse rate.A three-dimensional evaluation model integrating task outcomes,process performance,and innovation is constructed,incorporating indicators such as code standardization and an innovation index to strengthen the cultivation of engineering thinking and innovative ability.Furthermore,a data-driven support platform is built to generate student competency profiles,open up the“credit-competency-certification”pathway,promote the transformation of course achievements into contributions to the Huawei ecosystem,and significantly shorten the job adaptation cycle for graduates.The research results provide a replicable paradigm for the cultivation of domestic operating system talents.
基金funded by National College Students’Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(2025)“Bilingual Picture Books of Lyuliang:A Study on the Creation of Parent-Child Reading Picture Books Integrating the‘Three Cultures’”(Grant No.202510812006).
摘要Research on original children’s picture books that are already existing has not yet been completely explored formally. When it comes to the locally produced picture books, they do not match the young children’s cognitive level, and also the interaction is not deep enough. Also there are still few researches related to the ones based on regional culture pictures book. The authors choose parents with kids under 12 from Shanxi Province to investigate the present situation of integrating interactive picture books with local culture in Shanxi. This study explores different aspects such as children’s reading behavior, mode of interaction preference, and the preference for picture book content and theme, so as to discover the true need and creativity direction of children’s picture book in Shanxi. It can be seen from the results that children prefer interactive forms that involve doing things themselves as well as stories which are interesting and full of make believe. From those, it is hoped that this paper could give some practical advice and directions for the creation of homegrown Chinese children’s picture books (Zhou, 2025).
摘要Objective: To investigate the nursing care outcomes for patients undergoing blood purification and analyze the impact of the Cox Health Behavior Interactive Nursing Model. Methods: The study was conducted at Yangzhong People's Hospital from January 2023 to December 2024. A total of 90 eligible blood purification patients were randomly selected and divided into two groups using a random number table: the control group (n=45) received conventional nursing care, while the study group (n=45) received the Cox Health Behavior Interactive Nursing Model in addition to conventional care. Outcomes were compared. Results: Post-intervention, (1) SAS and SDS scores: study group <control group (P<0.05); (2) Self-management ability scores: study group> control group (P<0.05); (3) Complication rates: total incidence in the study group <control group (P<0.05); (4) PSQI total score and RPFS scores: study group <control group (P<0.05); (5) Quality of life: study group> control group (P<0.05); (6) Nursing satisfaction: study group> control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Compared with conventional nursing care, the Cox Health Behavior Interactive Nursing Model demonstrated superior overall efficacy, effectively reducing negative emotions, enhancing self-management abilities, minimizing complications, alleviating fatigue, improving sleep and quality of life, and increasing patient satisfaction.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 62373009.
摘要Indoor scene semantic segmentation is essential for enabling robots to understand and interact with their environments effectively.However,numerous challenges remain unresolved,particularly in single-robot systems,which often struggle with the complexity and variability of indoor scenes.To address these limitations,we introduce a novel multi-robot collaborative framework based on multiplex interactive learning(MPIL)in which each robot specialises in a distinct visual task within a unified multitask architecture.During training,the framework employs task-specific decoders and cross-task feature sharing to enhance collaborative optimisation.At inference time,robots operate independently with optimised models,enabling scalable,asynchronous and efficient deployment in real-world scenarios.Specifically,MPIL employs specially designed modules that integrate RGB and depth data,refine feature representations and facilitate the simultaneous execution of multiple tasks,such as instance segmentation,scene classification and semantic segmentation.By leveraging these modules,distinct agents within multi-robot systems can effectively handle specialised tasks,thereby enhancing the overall system's flexibility and adaptability.This collaborative effort maximises the strengths of each robot,resulting in a more comprehensive understanding of environments.Extensive experiments on two public benchmark datasets demonstrate MPIL's competitive performance compared to state-of-the-art approaches,highlighting the effectiveness and robustness of our multi-robot system in complex indoor environments.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62303095)the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(2023NSFSC0872).
摘要Dear Editor,This letter proposes a novel Nash bargaining solution-based multiobjective model predictive control(MPC)scheme to deal with the interaction force control and the path-following problem of the constrained interactive robot.Considering the elastic interaction force model,a mechanical trade-off always exists between the interaction force and position,which means that neither force nor path following can satisfy their desired demands completely.Based on this consideration,two irreconcilable control specifications,the force object function and the position track object function,are proposed,and a new multi-objective MPC scheme is then designed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41473068)supported by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2022M722667)。
摘要Fertilization or atmospheric deposition of nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)to terrestrial ecosystems can alter soil N(P)availability and the nature of nutrient limitation for plant growth.Changing the allocation of leaf P fractions is potentially an adaptive strategy for plants to cope with soil N(P)availability and nutrient-limiting conditions.However,the impact of the interactions between imbalanced anthropogenic N and P inputs on the concentrations and allocation proportions of leaf P fractions in forest woody plants remains elusive.We conducted a metaanalysis of data about the concentrations and allocation proportions of leaf P fractions,specifically associated with individual and combined additions of N and P in evergreen forests,the dominant vegetation type in southern China where the primary productivity is usually considered limited by P.This assessment allowed us to quantitatively evaluate the effects of N and P additions alone and interactively on leaf P allocation and use strategies.Nitrogen addition(exacerbating P limitation)reduced the concentrations of leaf total P and different leaf P fractions.Nitrogen addition reduced the allocation to leaf metabolic P but increased the allocation to other fractions,while P addition showed opposite trends.The simultaneous additions of N and P showed an antagonistic(mutual suppression)effect on the concentrations of leaf P fractions,but an additive(summary)effect on the allocation proportions of leaf P fractions.These results highlight the importance of strategies of leaf P fraction allocation in forest plants under changes in environmental nutrient availability.Importantly,our study identified critical interactions associated with combined N and P inputs that affect leaf P fractions,thus aiding in predicting plant acclimation strategies in the context of intensifying and imbalanced anthropogenic nutrient inputs.
基金the Talent Fund of Beijing Jiaotong University(Grant No.2024XKRC055).
摘要In recent years,railway construction in China has developed vigorously.With continuous improvements in the highspeed railway network,the focus is gradually shifting from large-scale construction to large-scale operations.However,several challenges have emerged within the high-speed railway dispatching and command system,including the heavy workload faced by dispatchers,the difficulty of quantifying subjective expertise,and the need for effective training of professionals.Amid the growing application of artificial intelligence technologies in railway systems,this study leverages Large Language Model(LLM)technology.LLMs bring enhanced intelligence,predictive capabilities,robust memory,and adaptability to diverse real-world scenarios.This study proposes a human-computer interactive intelligent scheduling auxiliary training system built on LLM technology.The system offers capabilities including natural dialogue,knowledge reasoning,and human feedback learning.With broad applicability,the system is suitable for vocational education,guided inquiry,knowledge-based Q&A,and other training scenarios.Validation results demonstrate its effectiveness in auxiliary training,providing substantial support for educators,students,and dispatching personnel in colleges and professional settings.
摘要Virtual reality scenes oriented towards immersive interaction have strict requirements for real-time rendering,such as high frame rate,low latency,and visual consistency.Traditional rendering methods are difficult to ensure both real-time performance and immersive experience under limited computing resources.This article systematically explores the key technologies and implementation paths of intelligent rendering methods:firstly,it analyzes the rendering pressure bottleneck,multi view continuity,and visual dual constraints caused by immersive interaction;Furthermore,an intelligent rendering mechanism based on gaze point prediction,scene semantic modeling,and closed-loop resource allocation will be constructed;On this basis,adaptive strategies such as behavior driven detail level adjustment,dynamic and static differentiation processing,spatiotemporal consistency,and load coordination are proposed;Finally,the evaluation indicators,stability analysis,and scalability verification of real-time performance and immersion are discussed.This article provides a system framework for the theoretical construction and engineering implementation of intelligent rendering methods.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(no.62376240).
摘要Software defect prediction aims to use measurement data of code and historical defects to predict potential problems,optimize testing resources and defect management.However,current methods face challenges:(1)Coarse-grained file level detection cannot accurately locate specific defects.(2)Fine-grained line-level defect prediction methods rely solely on local information of a single line of code,failing to deeply analyze the semantic context of the code line and ignoring the heuristic impact of line-level context on the code line,making it difficult to capture the interaction between global and local information.Therefore,this paper proposes a telecontext-enhanced recursive interactive attention fusion method for line-level defect prediction(TRIA-LineDP).Firstly,using a bidirectional hierarchical attention network to extract semantic features and contextual information from the original code lines as the basis.Then,the extracted contextual information is forwarded to the telecontext capture module to aggregate the global context,thereby enhancing the understanding of broader code dynamics.Finally,a recursive interaction model is used to simulate the interaction between code lines and line-level context,passing information layer by layer to enhance local and global information exchange,thereby achieving accurate defect localization.Experimental results from within-project defect prediction(WPDP)and cross-project defect prediction(CPDP)conducted on nine different projects(encompassing a total of 32 versions)demonstrated that,within the same project,the proposed methods will respectively recall at top 20%of lines of code(Recall@Top20%LOC)and effort at top 20%recall(Effort@Top20%Recall)has increased by 11%–52%and 23%–77%.In different projects,improvements of 9%–60%and 18%–77%have been achieved,which are superior to existing advanced methods and have good detection performance.
基金grateful for the financial support from the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFB2407300).
摘要With increasing awareness of environmental protection and rising carbon emission costs,participation in electricity and carbon markets for energy-intensive industrial users will become an effective way to reduce operating costs and carbon emissions.In this regard,a novel Stackelberg game framework is developed in this study for coordinated participation in coupled electricity‒carbon markets.Specifically,generalized carbon emission models and electricity consumption models for different energy-intensive industrial users are established,and a Stackelberg game-based interactive operation strategy is proposed for load aggregators(LAs)and energy-intensive industrial users in joint electricity‒carbon markets,where the LA works as a leader who chooses proper interactive prices to maximize the comprehensive benefit,whereas energy-intensive industrial users serve as followers who minimize the total energy costs in response to the interactive prices set by the LA.Then,the existence and uniqueness of the Stackelberg equilibrium(SE)are analyzed,and a decentralized solution algorithm is suggested to reach the SE.Finally,the simulation results demonstrate that the proposed interactive operation strategy can not only increase the profit of the LA but also reduce the cost of energy-intensive industrial users,which achieves a win-win result.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.42361040。
摘要Population migration data derived from location-based services has often been used to delineate population flows between cities or construct intercity relationship networks to reveal and explore the complex interaction patterns underlying human activities.Nevertheless,the inherent heterogeneity in multimodal migration big data has been ignored.This study conducts an in-depth comparison and quantitative analysis through a comprehensive lens of spatial association.Initially,the intercity interactive networks in China were constructed,utilizing migration data from Baidu and AutoNavi collected during the same time period.Subsequently,the characteristics and spatial structure similarities of the two types of intercity interactive networks were quantitatively assessed and analyzed from overall(network)and local(node)perspectives.Furthermore,the precision of these networks at the local scale is corroborated by constructing an intercity network from mobile phone(MP)data.Results indicate that the intercity interactive networks in China,as delineated by Baidu and AutoNavi migration flows,exhibit a high degree of structure equivalence.The correlation coefficient between these two networks is 0.874.Both networks exhibit a pronounced spatial polarization trend and hierarchical structure.This is evident in their distinct core and peripheral structures,as well as in the varying importance and influence of different nodes within the networks.Nevertheless,there are notable differences worthy of attention.Baidu intercity interactive network exhibits pronounced cross-regional effects,and its high-level interactions are characterized by a“rich-club”phenomenon.The AutoNavi intercity interactive network presents a more significant distance attenuation effect,and the high-level interactions display a gradient distribution pattern.Notably,there exists a substantial correlation between the AutoNavi and MP networks at the local scale,evidenced by a high correlation coefficient of 0.954.Furthermore,the“spatial dislocations”phenomenon was observed within the spatial structures at different levels,extracted from the Baidu and AutoNavi intercity networks.However,the measured results of network spatial structure similarity from three dimensions,namely,node location,node size,and local structure,indicate a relatively high similarity and consistency between the two networks.
摘要Online interactive learning plays a crucial role in improving online education quality.This grounded theory study examines:(1)what key factors shape EFL learners’online interactive learning,(2)how these factors form an empirically validated model,and(3)how they interact within this model,through systematic analysis of 9,207 discussion forum posts from a Chinese University MOOC platform.Results demonstrate that learning drive,course structure,teaching competence,interaction behavior,expected outcomes,and online learning context significantly influence EFL online interactive learning.The analysis reveals two key mechanisms:expected outcomes mediate the effects of learning drive(β=0.45),course structure,teaching competence,and interaction behavior(β=0.35)on learning outcomes,while online learning context moderates these relationships(β=0.25).Specifically,learning drive provides intrinsic/extrinsic motivation,whereas course structure,teaching competence,interaction behavior,and expected outcomes collectively enhance interaction quality and sustainability.These findings,derived through rigorous grounded theory methodology involving open,axial,and selective coding of large-scale interaction data,yield three key contributions:(1)a comprehensive theoretical model of EFL online learning dynamics,(2)empirical validation of mediation/moderation mechanisms,and(3)practical strategies for designing scaffolded interaction protocols and adaptive feedback systems.The study establishes that its theoretically saturated model(achieved after analyzing 7,366 posts with 1,841 verification cases)offers educators evidence-based approaches to optimize collaborative interaction in digital EFL environments.
基金Under the auspices of Key Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40335049),National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40971101)
摘要Objectively, a complex interactive coercing relationship exists between urbanization and eco-environment, and the research of this relationship is primarily divided into three schools, i.e., interactive coercion theory, interactive promotion theory and coupling symbiosis theory. Harmonizing the relationship between urbanization and eco-environment is not only an important proposition for the national development plan but also the only way to promote healthy urbanization. Based on an analysis of urbanization process and its relationship with the eco-environment, this article analyzes interactive coercing effects between urbanization and eco-environment from three perspectives of population urbanization, economic urbanization and spatial urbanization, respectively, and analyzes risk effects of the interactive coercion. Further, it shows six basic laws followed by interactive coercion between urbanization and eco-environment, namely, coupling fission law, dynamic hierarchy law, stochastic fluctuation law, non-linear synergetic law, threshold value law and forewarning law, and divides the interactive coercing process into five stages, namely, low-level coordinate, antagonistic, break-in, ameliorative and high-grade coordinate. Based on the geometric derivation, the interactive coercing relationship between urbanization and eco-environment is judged to be non-linear and it can be explained by a double-exponential function formed by the combination of power and exponential functions. Then, the evolutionary types of the interactive coercing relationship are divided into nine ones: rudimentary coordinating, ecology-dominated, synchronal coordinating, urbanization lagging, stepwise break-in, exorbitant urbanization, fragile ecology, rudimentary break-in and unsustainable types. Finally, based on an interactive coercion model, the degree of interactive coercion can be examined, and then, an evolutionary cycle can be divided into four phases, namely rudimentary symbiosis, harmonious development, utmost increasing and spiral type rising. The study results offer a scientific decision-making of healthy urbanization for achieving the goal of eco-environment protection and promoting urbanization.