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An Appraisal of Multiple Channels of Complex Interdependency:The Case of Nepal 认领 引用
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作者 Poudel Sanju Kumari 《Journal of US-China Public Administration》 2025年第1期28-36,共9页
This article is a representative vision of reality.The main thrust of the present study is to analyze the realist view of international cooperation,identify the liberalist view of international cooperation,explore the... This article is a representative vision of reality.The main thrust of the present study is to analyze the realist view of international cooperation,identify the liberalist view of international cooperation,explore the multiple channels of the theory of complex interdependence,and assess state and non-state cooperation in the case of the 2015 earthquake in Nepal.This study is a descriptive and analytical research based on secondary data of a qualitative nature.All the relevant information was thematically analyzed.From the foregoing analysis,it could be deduced that multiple channels of theory of complex interdependence are neither an utter relegation of the realist assumption nor a total supportive theory of the liberalist school.It is important to note that neither inter-state nor non-state cooperation is less important to each other;rather,there is coexistence among different actors in the international system,and that coexistence diminishes the dividing line between interstate cooperation and non-state cooperation.While the fundamental role of the state is to provide security and create an enabling environment for cooperation among these actors,the non-state actors seem to be more effective in economic,social welfare,and environmental issues;hence,both of them function as integral parts of the international system.So cooperation among these actors will ensure a healthy system.It is advisable that further studies on international cooperation be focused on the strength of the mutuality that exists among the different participants(including the state and non-state actors)in the international system. 展开更多
关键词 interstate cooperation non-interstate co-operation complex interdependency multiple channels earthquake of Nepal
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A New Mathematical Framework and Spatial Decision Support System for Modeling Cascade Interdependency of Critical Infrastructure during Geo-Disasters 认领 引用 被引量：1
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作者 Qiuming Cheng 《Journal of Earth Science》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2017年第1期131-146,共16页
Critical infrastructures（CI） are designated sectors that if incapacitated or destroyed by natural disasters would have a serious impact on national security and economic and social welfare. Due to the interdependenc... Critical infrastructures（CI） are designated sectors that if incapacitated or destroyed by natural disasters would have a serious impact on national security and economic and social welfare. Due to the interdependency of critical infrastructures failure of one infrastructure during a natural disaster such as earthquake or flood may cause failure of another and so on through a cascade or escalating effect. Quantification of these types of interdependencies between critical infrastructures is essential for effective response and management of resources for rescue, recovery, and restoration during times of crises. This paper proposes a new mathematical framework based on an asymmetric relation matrix constructed in a bottom-up approach for modeling and analyzing interdependencies of critical infrastructures. Asymmetric dependency matrices can be constructed using the asymmetric incidence coefficient based on node-level relationships defined between nodes for measuring the strength of interdependency between node and node, node and network, and networks and networks. These asymmetric matrices are further analyzed for ranking infrastructures in terms of their relative importance and for identifying nodes and infrastructure networks that play a critical role in chain effects among infrastructures involved in geo-disaster events such as flooding. Examples of interdependency analysis for the identification of vulnerabilities among fifteen national defense-related infrastructure sectors by the Australian government and a simulated example using the newly developed GIS-based network simulator Geo PN are used to validate and demonstrate the implementation and effectiveness of interdependency analysis methods in analyzing infrastructure interdependency during a flooding event. 展开更多
关键词 infrastructure interdependency asymmetric relations disaster management GIS,spatial decision support system.
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AN EXTENDED MODEL FOR PROJECT PORTFOLIO SELECTION WITH PROJECT DIVISIBILITY AND INTERDEPENDENCY 认领 引用 被引量：6
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作者 Xingmei Li Shu-Cherng Fang +2 位作者 Xiaoling Guo Zhibin Deng Jianxun Qi 《Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering》 SCIE EI CSCD 2016年第1期119-138,共20页
In this paper, we develop an extended model for the project portfolio selection problem over a planning horizon with multiple time periods. The model incorporates the factors of project divisibility and interdependenc... In this paper, we develop an extended model for the project portfolio selection problem over a planning horizon with multiple time periods. The model incorporates the factors of project divisibility and interdependency at the same time for real-life applications. The project divisibility is considered as a strategy, not an unfortunate event as in the literature, in choosing the best execution schedule for the projects, and the classical concept of＂project interdependencies＂ among fully executed projects is then extended to the portions of executed projects. Additional constraints of reinvestment consideration, setup cost, cardinality restriction, precedence relationship and scheduling are also included in the model. For efficient computations, an equivalent mixed integer linear programming representation of the proposed model is derived. Numerical examples under four scenarios are presented to highlight the characteristics of the proposed model. In particular, the positive effects of project divisibility are shown for the first time. 展开更多
关键词 Project management project portfolio selection problem project divisibility project interdependency
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Criticality,resilience and prioritization of components in interdependent infrastructure systems:An overview of definitions and quantitative modelling approaches 认领 引用
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作者 Georgios Alexandros Chatzistefanou Albert S.Chen +2 位作者 Slobodan Djordjevic Lydia S.Vamvakeridou-Lyroudia Dragan A.Savic 《Resilient Cities and Structures》 EI CSCD 2026年第1期118-132,共15页
Enhancing the resilience of critical infrastructure(CI)systems has become a focal point of national and inter-national policies.However,the formulation of resilience enhancement strategies often requires component-(i.... Enhancing the resilience of critical infrastructure(CI)systems has become a focal point of national and inter-national policies.However,the formulation of resilience enhancement strategies often requires component-(i.e.asset-)level prioritization,which entails many complexities.Acknowledging the complex and interdependent nature of infrastructure systems,this paper aims to aid researchers,practitioners and policy-makers by pre-senting a review of the relative literature and current state-of-the-art,and by identifying future research op-portunities to improve the applicability and operationalizability of CI component identification and prioritization methods.Theoretical and practical applications are reviewed for definitions,analysis and modelling approaches regarding the resilience of interdependent infrastructure systems.A detailed review of infrastructure criticality definitions,component criticality assessment and prioritization frameworks,from scientific,policy and other documents,is presented.A discussion on social justice and equity dimensions therein is included,which have the potential to greatly influence decisions and should always be incorporated in infrastructure planning and in-vestment discussions.The findings of this review are discussed in terms of applicability and operationalizability.Key recommendations for future research include:(i)developing quantification frameworks for CI component criticality based on formal definitions and multiple criteria,(ii)incorporating the entire resilience cycle of CI in component prioritization,(iii)accounting for the socio-technical nature of CI systems by integrating social di-mensions and their wider operating environment and(iv)developing comprehensive model validation,cali-bration and uncertainty analysis frameworks. 展开更多
关键词 Critical infrastructure Interdependencies Criticality Resilience Component importance measures Cascading effects System-of-systems
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Analysis and Defense of Attack Risks under High Penetration of Distributed Energy 认领 引用
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作者 Boda Zhang Fuhua Luo +3 位作者 Yunhao Yu Chameiling Di Ruibin Wen Fei Chen 《Energy Engineering》 EI 2026年第2期206-228,共23页
The increasing intelligence of power systems is transforming distribution networks into Cyber-Physical Distribution Systems(CPDS).While enabling advanced functionalities,the tight interdependence between cyber and phy... The increasing intelligence of power systems is transforming distribution networks into Cyber-Physical Distribution Systems(CPDS).While enabling advanced functionalities,the tight interdependence between cyber and physical layers introduces significant security challenges and amplifies operational risks.To address these critical issues,this paper proposes a comprehensive risk assessment framework that explicitly incorporates the physical dependence of information systems.A Bayesian attack graph is employed to quantitatively evaluate the likelihood of successful cyber attacks.By analyzing the critical scenario of fault current path misjudgment,we define novel system-level and node-level risk coupling indices to preciselymeasure the cascading impacts across cyber and physical domains.Furthermore,an attack-responsive power recovery optimization model is established,integrating DistFlowbased physical constraints and sophisticated modeling of information-dependent interference.To enhance resilience against varying attack scenarios,a defense resource allocation model is constructed,where the complex Mixed-Integer Nonlinear Programming(MINLP)problem is efficiently linearized into a Mixed-Integer Linear Programming(MILP)formulation.Finally,to mitigate the impact of targeted attacks,the optimal deployment of terminal defense resources is determined using a Stackelberg game-theoretic approach,aiming to minimize overall system risk.The robustness and effectiveness of the proposed integrated framework are rigorously validated through extensive simulations under diverse attack intensities and defense resource constraints. 展开更多
关键词 CPDS cyber-physical interdependence Bayesian attack graph Stackelberg game risk assessment framework power recovery resource allocation
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Yin and Yang:As Described by a German Sinologist in the Early Twentieth Century 认领 引用
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作者 Yemeng Chen 《Chinese Medicine and Culture》 CAS 2026年第2期123-131,共9页
1 Introduction Yin-yang(阴阳)theory is an important concept which has influenced China spanning over two thousand years,especially in the practice of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).Yin-yang is now depicted as the w... 1 Introduction Yin-yang(阴阳)theory is an important concept which has influenced China spanning over two thousand years,especially in the practice of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).Yin-yang is now depicted as the well-known symbol of Chinese wisdom.The theory basically refers to the interdependent unity of opposites between two fundamental attributes. 展开更多
关键词 Yin Yang Traditional Chinese Medicine traditional chinese medicine tcm yin yang interdependent unity opposites two fundamental attributes Chinese Wisdom
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Gao Fei:Addressing Global Governance Challenges with the Vision of a Community with a Shared Future for Humanity 认领 引用
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作者 Zhu Mengxiao 《China Report ASEAN》 2026年第6期53-55,共3页
The world is undergoing profound changes unseen in a century,and the structural contradiction between economic globalization and the global governance deficit is becoming increasingly prominent as interdependence amon... The world is undergoing profound changes unseen in a century,and the structural contradiction between economic globalization and the global governance deficit is becoming increasingly prominent as interdependence among countries deepens.According to both international relations theory and practice,the most urgent task of this era is to seek consensus amid these changes and promote cooperation grounded in interdependence. 展开更多
关键词 international relations cooperation grounded interdependence interdependence economic globalization global governance deficit global governance structural contradiction
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Analyzing the Resilience of Active Distribution Networks to Hazardous Weather Considering Cyber-Physical Interdependencies 认领 引用 被引量：1
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作者 Zhiyi Li Xutao Han +2 位作者 Mohammad Shahidehpour Ping Ju Qun Yu 《Engineering》 SCIE EI CSCD 2025年第8期15-36,共22页
This paper provides a systematic review on the resilience analysis of active distribution networks(ADNs)against hazardous weather events,considering the underlying cyber-physical interdependencies.As cyber-physical sy... This paper provides a systematic review on the resilience analysis of active distribution networks(ADNs)against hazardous weather events,considering the underlying cyber-physical interdependencies.As cyber-physical systems,ADNs are characterized by widespread structural and functional interdependen-cies between cyber(communication,computing,and control)and physical(electric power)subsystems and thus present complex hazardous-weather-related resilience issues.To bridge current research gaps,this paper first classifies diverse hazardous weather events for ADNs according to different time spans and degrees of hazard,with model-based and data-driven methods being utilized to characterize weather evolutions.Then,the adverse impacts of hazardous weather on all aspects of ADNs’sources,physical/cyber networks,and loads are analyzed.This paper further emphasizes the importance of situational awareness and cyber-physical collaboration throughout hazardous weather events,as these enhance the implementation of preventive dispatches,corrective actions,and coordinated restorations.In addition,a generalized quantitative resilience evaluation process is proposed regarding additional considerations about cyber subsystems and cyber-physical connections.Finally,potential hazardous-weather-related resilience challenges for both physical and cyber subsystems are discussed. 展开更多
关键词 Cyber–physical interdependency Resilience analysis Active distribution network Hazardous weather event
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Synthetic modeling of water distribution systems for interdependent infrastructure systems resilience analysis with interdependencies via building-mediated clustering 认领 引用
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作者 Yesen Yang Edmond Y.Lo 《Resilient Cities and Structures》 EI CSCD 2025年第4期21-36,共16页
Resilience studies for water distribution systems(WDS)coupled with other interdependent infrastructure systems attract increasing attention from stakeholders and researchers.However,most existing large-scale WDS model... Resilience studies for water distribution systems(WDS)coupled with other interdependent infrastructure systems attract increasing attention from stakeholders and researchers.However,most existing large-scale WDS models are single infrastructure-based without consideration of other infrastructure systems.This is due to a lack of needed information on systems coupling,the structure of the simulator used,and the computation load involved.To address these gaps,this paper presents a synthetic modeling framework for a real-world WDS as coordinating with other infrastructure systems via a building-mediated clustering approach through consideration of physical distance and node capacity.First,the WDS network topology and operation parameters are inferred via bulk open-source information.A building-mediated clustering approach is designed to systematically derive the interdependence between the WDS and the power system similarly created as a case study.Second,a novel linearization method is developed in formulating the WDS model that can relieve computation load while maintaining accuracy.Finally,a disruption-recovery framework is developed to demonstrate the proposed methodology in modelling WDS resilience.The framework is applied to a neighborhood in Queenstown,Singapore,an area of 20.43 km2 and 96,000 population.The near-real-time simulations on the coupled system involving 308 nodes and 384 links showcase the effectiveness and application of the proposed synthetic modeling and formulation. 展开更多
关键词 Water distribution system Energy-water Synthetic model Linearization Resilience study Interdependencies
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A robustness assessment approach for transportation networks with cyber-physical interdependencies 认领 引用
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作者 Konstantinos Ntafloukas Liliana Pasquale +1 位作者 Beatriz Martinez-Pastor Daniel P.McCrum 《Resilient Cities and Structures》 EI CSCD 2025年第1期71-82,共12页
While in the past the robustness of transportation networks was studied considering the cyber and physical space as isolated environments this is no longer the case.Integrating the Internet of Things devices in the se... While in the past the robustness of transportation networks was studied considering the cyber and physical space as isolated environments this is no longer the case.Integrating the Internet of Things devices in the sensing area of transportation infrastructure has resulted in ubiquitous cyber-physical systems and increasing interdependen-cies between the physical and cyber networks.As a result,the robustness of transportation networks relies on the uninterrupted serviceability of physical and cyber networks.Current studies on interdependent networks overlook the civil engineering aspect of cyber-physical systems.Firstly,they rely on the assumption of a uniform and strong level of interdependency.That is,once a node within a network fails its counterpart fails immedi-ately.Current studies overlook the impact of earthquake and other natural hazards on the operation of modern transportation infrastructure,that now serve as a cyber-physical system.The last is responsible not only for the physical operation(e.g.,flow of vehicles)but also for the continuous data transmission and subsequently the cy-ber operation of the entire transportation network.Therefore,the robustness of modern transportation networks should be modelled from a new cyber-physical perspective that includes civil engineering aspects.In this paper,we propose a new robustness assessment approach for modern transportation networks and their underlying in-terdependent physical and cyber network,subjected to earthquake events.The novelty relies on the modelling of interdependent networks,in the form of a graph,based on their interdependency levels.We associate the service-ability level of the coupled physical and cyber network with the damage states induced by earthquake events.Robustness is then measured as a degradation of the cyber-physical serviceability level.The application of the approach is demonstrated by studying an illustrative transportation network using seismic data from real-world transportation infrastructure.Furthermore,we propose the integration of a robustness improvement indicator based on physical and cyber attributes to enhance the cyber-physical serviceability level.Results indicate an improvement in robustness level(i.e.,41%)by adopting the proposed robustness improvement indicator.The usefulness of our approach is highlighted by comparing it with other methods that consider strong interdepen-dencies and key node protection strategies.The approach is of interest to stakeholders who are attempting to incorporate cyber-physical systems into civil engineering systems. 展开更多
关键词 Transportation network Cyber-physical Robustness Interdependencies Natural hazards Robustness improvement indicator
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Macroeconomic models for predicting indirect impacts of disasters:A review 认领 引用
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作者 Tinger Zhu Charalampos Avraam Jack W.Baker 《Resilient Cities and Structures》 EI CSCD 2025年第3期1-14,共14页
Interdependencies between critical infrastructures and the economy amplify the effects of damage caused by disasters.The growing interest in impacts beyond physical damage and community resilience has spurred a surge ... Interdependencies between critical infrastructures and the economy amplify the effects of damage caused by disasters.The growing interest in impacts beyond physical damage and community resilience has spurred a surge in literature on economic modeling methodologies for estimating indirect economic impacts of disasters and the recovery of economic activity over time.In this review,we present a framework for categorizing modeling approaches that assess indirect economic impacts across natural hazards and anthropogenic disasters such as cyber attacks.We first conduct a comparative analysis of macroeconomic models,focusing on the approaches capturing sectoral interdependencies.These include the Leontief Input-Output(I/O)model,the Inoperability Input-Output Model(IIM),the Dynamic Inoperability Input-Output Model(DIIM),the Adaptive Regional Input-Output(ARIO)model,and the Computable General Equilibrium(CGE)model and its extensions.We evaluate their applicability to disaster scenarios based on input data availability,the compatibility of model assumptions,and output capabilities.We also reveal the functional relationships of input data and output metrics across economic modeling approaches for inter-sectoral impacts.Furthermore,we examine how the damage mechanisms posed by different types of disasters translate into model inputs and impact modeling processes.This synthesis provides guidance for researchers and practitioners in selecting and configuring models based on specific disaster scenarios.It also identifies the gaps in the literature,including the need for a deeper understanding of model performance reliability,key drivers of economic outcomes in different disaster contexts,and the disparities in modeling approach applications across various hazard types. 展开更多
关键词 Disaster indirect impacts Macroeconomic models Sectoral interdependencies
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Workplace territorial behaviors and employee knowledge sharing: Team identification mediation and task interdependence moderation 认领 引用
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作者 Ziyuan Meng Yongjun Chen Hui Wang 《Journal of Psychology in Africa》 2025年第4期489-496,共8页
This study tested a multilevel model of the workplace territorial behaviors and employees’knowledge sharing relationship,with team identification serving as a mediator and task interdependence as a moderator.Data wer... This study tested a multilevel model of the workplace territorial behaviors and employees’knowledge sharing relationship,with team identification serving as a mediator and task interdependence as a moderator.Data were collected from 253 employees(females=128,mean age=28.626,SD=6.470)from 40 work teams from different industries in China.Path analysis results indicated that workplace territorial behaviors were associated with lower employee knowledge sharing.Team identification enhanced employee knowledge sharing and partially mediated the relationship between workplace territorial behaviors and employee knowledge sharing.Task interdependence enhanced knowledge sharing and strengthened the relationship between team identification and knowledge sharing.Thesefindings extend the proposition of social information processing theory by revealing the mediating role of team identification in the relationship between workplace territorial behaviors and knowledge sharing,and clarifying the boundary conditions of team identification.Practical implications of thesefindings include a need for managers to foster collaborative atmospheres,design interdependent tasks,and mitigate territorial behaviors to enhance team identification and knowledge sharing. 展开更多
关键词 workplace territorial behaviors team identification knowledge sharing task interdependence social information processing theory
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Designing resilient and economically viable water distribution systems:a multi-dimensional approach 认领 引用 被引量：5
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作者 Beatrice Cassottana Srijith Balakrishnan +1 位作者 Nazli Yonca Aydin Giovanni Sansavini 《Resilient Cities and Structures》 2023年第3期19-29,共11页
Enhancing the resilience of critical infrastructure systems requires substantial investment and entails trade-offs between environmental and economic benefits.To this aim,we propose a methodological framework that com... Enhancing the resilience of critical infrastructure systems requires substantial investment and entails trade-offs between environmental and economic benefits.To this aim,we propose a methodological framework that com-bines resilience and economic analyses and assesses the economic viability of alternative resilience designs for a Water Distribution System(WDS)and its interdependent power and transportation systems.Flow-based net-work models simulate the interdependent infrastructure systems and Global Resilience Analysis(GRA)quantifies three resilience metrics under various disruption scenarios.The economic analysis monetizes the three metrics and compares two resilience strategies involving the installation of remotely controlled shutoffvalves.Using the Micropolis synthetic interdependent water-transportation network as an example,we demonstrate how our framework can guide infrastructure stakeholders and utility operators in measuring the value of resilience invest-ments.Overall,our approach highlights the importance of economic analysis in designing resilient infrastructure systems. 展开更多
关键词 Resilience Economic analysis Water distribution system Interdependency Recovery strategy
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RULES,RESILIENCE,AND SHARED GROWTH China-ASEAN cooperation,guided by rules,inclusivity,and strategic pragmatism,aims to strengthen regional stability,shared growth,and mutual trust amid global uncertainties 认领 引用
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作者 Antony Hardi 《China Report ASEAN》 2025年第11期40-41,共2页
As the geopolitical and economic landscape of the Asia-Pacific continues to evolve,the partnership between China and ASEAN has reached a defining juncture.The dual imperatives of maintaining strategic autonomy while d... As the geopolitical and economic landscape of the Asia-Pacific continues to evolve,the partnership between China and ASEAN has reached a defining juncture.The dual imperatives of maintaining strategic autonomy while deepening economic interdependence have pushed regional actors to refine their approaches to cooperation.Among them,Singapore and Thailand o"er two distinct yet complementary perspectives on how Southeast Asia can sustain stability,inclusivity,and shared growth amid intensifying global uncertainties. 展开更多
关键词 thailand maintaining strategic autonomy china asean cooperation southeast asia rules deepening economic interdependence geopolitical resilience
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On the Reconstruction of the UN Governance Paradigm by the Human Rights System 认领 引用
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作者 QI Yanping 《The Journal of Human Rights》 2025年第6期1405-1418,共14页
If the world prior to World War Ⅱ was one where all continents and countries acted on their own volition,the post-WWII world has evolved into an interconnected global community bound by intercontinental interdependen... If the world prior to World War Ⅱ was one where all continents and countries acted on their own volition,the post-WWII world has evolved into an interconnected global community bound by intercontinental interdependence,with the United Nations(UN),founded in 1945,serving as its driving force. 展开更多
关键词 human rights system intercontinental interdependence reconstruction United Nations governance paradigm world war II interconnected global community global community
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50 Years of Economic and Trade Cooperation Between China and Thailand: Current Situations and Prospects 认领 引用
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作者 Wang Qin 《China's Foreign Trade》 2025年第4期8-18,共11页
The year 2025 marks the 50th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Thailand,as well as the“Golden Jubilee of Sino-Thai Friendship”.Over the past half-century,the scale and scope ... The year 2025 marks the 50th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Thailand,as well as the“Golden Jubilee of Sino-Thai Friendship”.Over the past half-century,the scale and scope of economic and trade cooperation between China and Thailand have dramatically expanded.Both nations have strengthened their bilateral economic ties,which have increasingly strengthened their interdependence and.complementarity,presenting a broad prospect of mutual benefit and win-win cooperation. 展开更多
关键词 interdependence economic trade cooperation economic cooperation diplomatic relations trade cooperation Sino Thai friendship establishment diplomatic relations complementarity
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Bayesian network-based resilience assessment of interdependent infrastructure systems under optimal resource allocation strategies 认领 引用 被引量：5
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作者 Jingran Sun Kyle Bathgate Zhanmin Zhang 《Resilient Cities and Structures》 2024年第2期46-56,共11页
Critical infrastructure systems(CISs)play a key role in the socio-economic activity of a society,but are exposed to an array of disruptive events that can greatly impact their function and performance.Therefore,unders... Critical infrastructure systems(CISs)play a key role in the socio-economic activity of a society,but are exposed to an array of disruptive events that can greatly impact their function and performance.Therefore,understanding the underlying behaviors of CISs and their response to perturbations is needed to better prepare for,and mitigate the impact of,future disruptions.Resilience is one characteristic of CISs that influences the extent and severity of the impact induced by extreme events.Resilience is often dissected into four dimensions:robustness,redundancy,resourcefulness,and rapidity,known as the“4Rs”.This study proposes a framework to assess the resilience of an infrastructure network in terms of these four dimensions under optimal resource allocation strategies and incorporates interdependencies between different CISs,with resilience considered as a stochastic variable.The proposed framework combines an agent-based infrastructure interdependency model,advanced optimization algorithms,Bayesian network techniques,and Monte Carlo simulation to assess the resilience of an infrastructure network.The applicability and flexibility of the proposed framework is demonstrated with a case study using a network of CISs in Austin,Texas,where the resilience of the network is assessed and a“what-if”analysis is performed. 展开更多
关键词 Infrastructure resilience Bayesian network Resilience assessment Infrastructure interdependency Resource allocation
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China holding steady as South Korea’s top textile supplier 认领 引用
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作者 Zhao Xinhua 《China Textile》 2025年第6期17-17,共1页
China has reaffirmed its dominance as South Korea's largest supplier of textiles and apparel.From January to August 2025,South Korea's apparel imports totaled$7.679 billion,and 38.01%of this,amounting to$2.919... China has reaffirmed its dominance as South Korea's largest supplier of textiles and apparel.From January to August 2025,South Korea's apparel imports totaled$7.679 billion,and 38.01%of this,amounting to$2.919 billion,was sourced from China.This underscores the strong trade interdependence between the two East Asian economies. 展开更多
关键词 apparel trade interdependence trade textiles China South Korea
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Scenario-based approach for project portfolio selection in army engineering and manufacturing development 认领 引用 被引量：5
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作者 Pengle Zhang Kewei Yang +1 位作者 Yajie Dou Jiang Jiang 《Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics》 SCIE CSCD 2016年第1期166-176,共11页
The decisions concerning portfolio selection for army engineering and manufacturing development projects determine the benefit of those projects to the country concerned.Projects are typically selected based on ex ant... The decisions concerning portfolio selection for army engineering and manufacturing development projects determine the benefit of those projects to the country concerned.Projects are typically selected based on ex ante estimates of future return values,which are usually difficult to specify or only generated after project launch.A scenario-based approach is presented here to address the problem of selecting a project portfolio under incomplete scenario information and interdependency constraints.In the first stage,the relevant dominance concepts of scenario analysis are studied to handle the incomplete information.Then,a scenario-based programming approach is proposed to handle the interdependencies to obtain the projects,whose return values are multi-criteria with interval data.Finally,an illustrative example of army engineering and manufacturing development shows the feasibility and advantages of the scenario-based multi-objective programming approach. 展开更多
关键词 scenario-based interdependency group decision making project portfolio selection portfolio decision analysis
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A comparative study of the role of solute,potent particles and ultrasonic treatment during solidification of pure Mg,Mg-Zn and Mg-Zr alloys 认领 引用 被引量：11
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作者 Nagasivamuni Balasubramani Gui Wang +2 位作者 Mark A.Easton David H.St John Matthew S.Dargusch 《Journal of Magnesium and Alloys》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2021年第3期829-839,共11页
Ultrasonic treatment(UST)applied during the solidification of pure Mg,eutectic(Mg-Zn)and peritectic(Mg-Zr)alloys was investigated in order to explore the grain refinement mechanisms.Temperature dependent grain refinem... Ultrasonic treatment(UST)applied during the solidification of pure Mg,eutectic(Mg-Zn)and peritectic(Mg-Zr)alloys was investigated in order to explore the grain refinement mechanisms.Temperature dependent grain refinement is observed in pure Mg where decreasing the superheat temperature(at which UST is applied from above the melting temperature,TM)from 100℃to 40℃produces significant refinement with a uniform grain structure.The presence of solute reduces the temperature dependence of the UST refinement and excellent grain refinement is obtained regardless of the superheat temperature(100℃or 40℃)and even with the use of preheated sonotrode in the Mg-6 wt.%Zn alloy.A further improvement in grain refinement is achieved when the alloy contains potent particles that introduce additional nucleation of grains in Mg-0.5 and 1.0 wt.%Zr alloys(producing an average grain size of≤100μm).At 40℃superheat,UST of Mg-Zn alloys produces excellent refinement(average grain size<200μm)with non-dendritic grains,which is normally achieved only with the addition of grain refining master alloy in the as-cast condition.The enhanced refinement observed in the eutectic alloy is explained through the undercooling imposed by a relatively cold sonotrode combined with high frequency vibrations and acoustic streaming.The advantages of using a cold sonotrode,a low superheat and solute are demonstrated for achieving significant refinement during solidification of Mg alloys under UST without or with a lower addition of grain refining master alloys. 展开更多
关键词 Grain refinement Mg-Zn alloy Mg-Zr alloy Ultrasonic treatment Interdependence Model Solidification
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