The electrochemical CO2 reduction(CO2R)holds the potential to manufacture carbon-based chemicals and fuels while advancing toward carbon neutrality.On the path to achieving practical CO2R,a significant challe...The electrochemical CO2 reduction(CO2R)holds the potential to manufacture carbon-based chemicals and fuels while advancing toward carbon neutrality.On the path to achieving practical CO2R,a significant challenge lies in the formation of carbonate salts due to the interplay between CO2,local alkalinity and metal cations.The carbonate issue leads to the wastage of CO2 reactant,thus resulting in low carbon utilization efficiency and high costs for carbonate regeneration.Additionally,such salt formation can threaten the operation stability of the CO2R in electrolyzers equipped with gas diffusion electrodes(GDE).These challenges motivate us to conduct the present review,aiming to provide a comprehensive understanding and propose solution strategies for the carbonate problem.We start from the mechanism insights into carbonate formation with specific analysis on the kinetics of carbonate formation,mass transfer process,and the influence of interfacial p H,followed by the exposition of advanced techniques to monitor the carbonate accumulation.Next,the design strategies to solve the carbonate problem including the optimization of electrolyte,electrode,membranes and operation conditions,are presented,with a highlight on acidic CO2 electrolysis system without introducing metal cations into electrolyte systems.We finally end up by offering future opportunities in this evolving field.These timely and inspiring perspectives can guide researchers in addressing carbonate-related issues and advance CO2R toward practical feasibility.展开更多
Since the construction and operation of the Three Gorges Water Conservancy Project(TGWCP),a series of geological safety issues have inevitably emerged within the reservoir area,severely affecting the safety of navigat...Since the construction and operation of the Three Gorges Water Conservancy Project(TGWCP),a series of geological safety issues have inevitably emerged within the reservoir area,severely affecting the safety of navigation,towns,roads,and residents within the Three Gorges Reservoir Area(TGRA).This study focuses on the geological safety issues that have arisen during the construction and operation of the TGWCP.The methods involved in the entire research process include data collection,field investigation,and literature review.The following conclusions are drawn:the geological safety issues experienced in the TGRA can be divided into three stages:the natural primitive stage(before 1993),the construction stage(1993–2009),and the operational stage(since 2009).The construction stage can be further divided into three phases,corresponding to the timelines of the resettlement projects:phase 1(1993–1997),phase 2(1997–2003),and phase 3(2003–2009)of the resettlement project.In the natural primitive stage,geological safety issue is primarily triggered by natural factors,leading to landslides and collapses.During the construction stage,the geological safety issues in phase 1 of the resettlement project are induced by human engineering activities,resulting in landslides,collapses,and debris flows.In phase 2 of the resettlement project,the geological safety issues are related to the resurgence of ancient landslides caused by the reservoir water level to 135 m.The phase 3 of the resettlement project experienced geological safety issues due to the formation of new landslides and seismic activities triggered by the reservoir water level reaching 173 m.In the operational stage,the fluctuating water level between 145 m and 175 m induces landslides and collapses.In light of these findings,this study proposed recommendations for the geological safety and sustainable development of the TGRA,ensuring the safety of lives and property of residents.展开更多
As environmental challenges intensify, protected areas worldwide are recognized as critical components for maintaining species diversity, ensuring ecosystem efficiency, and mitigating climate change impacts, garnering...As environmental challenges intensify, protected areas worldwide are recognized as critical components for maintaining species diversity, ensuring ecosystem efficiency, and mitigating climate change impacts, garnering significant attention and research efforts globally. In China, these protected areas play a pivotal role in the national ecological conservation system. However, economic growth has substantially increased management complexities. Effectively implementing precise and efficient ecological conservation measures in protected areas has become an urgent priority. This paper examines the core challenges in protected area conservation and proposes actionable recommendations, aiming to provide both theoretical foundations and practical guidelines for China's protected area management.展开更多
BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal endoscopy technology has significantly improved the diagnostic accuracy and the successful treatment of gastrointestinal diseases.However,a series of ethical issues have emerged,such as exp...BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal endoscopy technology has significantly improved the diagnostic accuracy and the successful treatment of gastrointestinal diseases.However,a series of ethical issues have emerged,such as expanding treatment indications,which affect the fair distribution of medical resources.There is limited research on ethical issues in the field of digestive endoscopy.AIM To investigate the level of ethical awareness among gastrointestinal endoscopy practitioners and analyze the ethical issues involved in gastrointestinal endoscopy technology.METHODS A questionnaire survey was performed to collect relevant data(gender,age,degree of education,professional title,personnel category,the level of understanding medical ethical principles,ethics training and its learning pathways)from gastrointestinal endoscopy practitioners at the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University and Dalian Friendship Hospital,including licensed physicians and nurses(including trainees and graduate students).RESULTS The majority of gastrointestinal endoscopy practitioners have received training on ethics,but there is still considerable room for improvement in their ethical awareness.Different learning pathways may affect the mastery of ethical principles, and understanding of ethical principles is more easily achieved through hospital ethics institutions.CONCLUSIONTo address the ethical issues in gastrointestinal endoscopy technology, it is necessary to enhance the humanisticeducation of gastrointestinal endoscopy practitioners, incorporate ethical standards into the technology assessmentprocess, and establish a patient-centered diagnostic and treatment model to improve the ethical awareness of practitionersand achieve a balance between technology and ethics.展开更多
Centering on the critical bottlenecks in the development of shale oil in the Jiyang Depression of Shengli Oilfield,key scientific and engineering issues are proposed in aspects such as the storage space and occurrence...Centering on the critical bottlenecks in the development of shale oil in the Jiyang Depression of Shengli Oilfield,key scientific and engineering issues are proposed in aspects such as the storage space and occurrence state of shale oil,the formation mechanisms of multi-scale flow spaces,the mobilization mechanisms of crude oil in pores and fractures,and the enhanced oil recovery(EOR)mechanisms during the late stage of elastic development.The research progress and mechanistic insights in recent years are reviewed with respect to experimental techniques,characteristics of pore-fracture structure and fluid occurrence,fracture evolution mechanisms,shale oil flow mechanisms and EOR techniques.Through improving the experimental methods,optimizing the testing conditions,and developing new technologies,we deeply understand the occurrence state,storage space and flow pattern of shale oil,and reveal the distribution pattern of“oil-bearing in all pore sizes and oil-rich in large pores”and the differences in fluid phase states under the confinement effect of nano-scale pores in the shales of the Jiyang Depression;depict the characteristics of“restricted vertical expansion and complex fracture networks”of induced fractures and the dynamic evolution of fracture networks during the fracturing-soaking-production process;establish a“easy flow-slow flow-stagnant flow”three-zone model and the elastic drive+imbibition drive synergistic energy replenishment mechanism;and carry out high-pressure injection to further enhance the mass transfer and diffusion capacity of CO2within the shale pore-fracture system,and compete for the desorption of alkanes to improve the mobilization degree of shale oil.The research achievements provide crucial support for the formation of the theory of continental shale oil development and the construction of the technical system.The future research efforts will focus on mine-scale multi-field coupling physical simulation equipment,microscopic to macroscopic multi-scale experimental methods,pore/fracture fine characterization and post-fracturing core fracture description technologies,multi-media fluid-structure coupling numerical simulation algorithms,and low-cost EOR and low-quality shale oil in-situ upgrading technologies,in order to promote the large-scale and profitable development of shale oil in the Jiyang Depression.展开更多
Background While calls for promoting evidence-informed policymaking(EIP)have become stronger in recent years,there is a paucity of methods to prioritize issues for knowledge translation(KT)and EIP.As requested by WHO ...Background While calls for promoting evidence-informed policymaking(EIP)have become stronger in recent years,there is a paucity of methods to prioritize issues for knowledge translation(KT)and EIP.As requested by WHO and as part of efforts to address this gap,we conducted a critical interpretive synthesis(CIS)to develop a conceptual framework that outlines the features of priority-setting processes and contextual factors influencing the prioritization of issues for KT efforts.Methods We systematically reviewed the literature and used an interpretive analytic approach-the CIS-to synthesize the results and develop the conceptual framework.We used a"compass"question to create a detailed search strategy and conducted electronic searches to identify papers based on their potential relevance to priority-setting for KT efforts and EIP.Results We identified 161 eligible papers.Our findings on key features of the priority-setting process unpacked three 3 levels of constructs:‘pathways'for identifying and prioritizing policy issues for knowledge translation efforts;‘phases'within each pathway;and‘steps'for each phase.There are three main pathways:(1)explicit and systemic priority-setting processes involving policymakers and stakeholders to determine priority topics(collaborative);(2)a policymaker or stakeholder brings an issue forward or asks for evidence on a particular topic(demand-driven);and(3)a need or policy gap is identified by a knowledge translation platform(supply-driven).Within each pathway,four phases emerged:“Preparatory”,“prioritization”,“knowledge translation”and“scale-up and sustainability”.Across these phases,the following steps were identified:establishing a core team,defining a scope,confirming a timeline,sensitizing stakeholders,generating potential issues,gathering contextual information,setting guiding principles,selecting prioritization criteria,applying the method for prioritization,documenting and communicating priorities,validating and revising priorities,selecting venue for decision-making,implementing priorities,monitoring and evaluation,promoting institutionalization,and engaging in peer learning and exchange of experience.We identified engaging stakeholders and strengthening capacity as cross-cutting elements.Our findings on contextual factors unpacked four categories:(1)institutions;(2)ideas;(3)interests;and(4)external factors.Conclusions This CIS generated a multi-level conceptual framework for prioritizing issues for KT efforts and laid the foundation for a WHO tool that supports prioritization in practice.The study contributes meaningfully to both the literature and the operationalization of KT and EIP.展开更多
This paper presents and describes an approach to generate innovative labeled datasets that enable automated text classifiers to automatically detect online employee reviews referring to accounting control deficiencies...This paper presents and describes an approach to generate innovative labeled datasets that enable automated text classifiers to automatically detect online employee reviews referring to accounting control deficiencies,facili-tating supplementary monitoring for auditors and management.Employees,who are on the front lines executing policies and procedures,play a critical role in a firm's control environment.Their feedback provides insights into how controls are functioning.Textual data were collected and manually coded using a structured coding scheme mapped to COSO internal control framework(2013)principles.The dataset is unique in that it provides a new source of data that has not been previously used in internal control research,offering new opportunities for exploring the relationship between employee feedback and control weaknesses,and shedding light on potential improvements in internal control practices.Downstream stakeholders(such as researchers,management,in-vestors,and auditors)can benefit by having rapid,automated means for filtering and prioritizing employee reviews for further investigation,with respect to accounting control issue mentions.展开更多
System identification is a data-driven modeling technique that originates from the control field.It constructs models from data to mimic the behavior of dynamic systems.However,in the network era,scenarios such as sen...System identification is a data-driven modeling technique that originates from the control field.It constructs models from data to mimic the behavior of dynamic systems.However,in the network era,scenarios such as sensor malfunctions,packet loss,cyber-attacks,and big data affect the quality,integrity,and security of the data.These data issues pose significant challenges to traditional system identification methods.This paper presents a comprehensive survey of the emergent challenges and advances in system identification in the network era.It explores cutting-edge methodologies to address data issues such as data loss,outliers,noise and nonlinear system identification for complex systems.To tackle the data loss,the methods based on imputation and likelihood-based inference(e.g.,expectation maximization)have been employed.For outliers and noise,methods like robust regression(e.g.,least median of squares,least trimmed squares)and lowrank matrix decomposition show progress in maintaining data integrity.Nonlinear system identification has advanced through kernel-based methods and neural networks,which can model complex data patterns.Finally,this paper provides valuable insights into potential directions for future research.展开更多
This study summarizes the examination data of registration labels for ordinary cosmetics in Beijing from May 2021 to April 2024.It analyzes and categorizes the issues identified during label evaluations,explores the u...This study summarizes the examination data of registration labels for ordinary cosmetics in Beijing from May 2021 to April 2024.It analyzes and categorizes the issues identified during label evaluations,explores the underlying causes,and proposes regulatory countermeasures and recommendations for registrants,regulatory authorities,and social organizations.The objective is to offer practical insights and regulatory guidance to support the enhancement of cosmetic registration and regulatory standards.展开更多
The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence(AI)technologies presents a range of ethical challenges,highlighting the urgent need to integrate AI ethics education into curricula for young learners.This paper examin...The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence(AI)technologies presents a range of ethical challenges,highlighting the urgent need to integrate AI ethics education into curricula for young learners.This paper examines the implementation of AI ethics education across primary,secondary,and tertiary education levels,utilizing the framework of socio-scientific issues(SSI)pedagogy.We begin by exploring the pressing need for AI ethics education and then propose a set of curriculum design principles.A comprehensive curriculum framework is developed,which includes learning objectives,content,and pedagogical strategies tailored to each educational stage.Additionally,we present a case study focused on“generative AI technology”to demonstrate the practical application of the proposed framework.The paper concludes with recommendations for effective curriculum implementation,offering strategies to deepen the SSI approach,enhance teaching methods,integrate educational technologies,and address potential challenges.展开更多
The quality of construction engineering is not only related to the service function and service life of the project,but also directly affects the safety of people’s lives and property.At present,although China’s con...The quality of construction engineering is not only related to the service function and service life of the project,but also directly affects the safety of people’s lives and property.At present,although China’s construction industry is gradually moving towards standardization,there are still some problems in the quality control link.It is necessary to formulate systematic solutions based on the root causes of the problems.Starting from four key dimensions:construction materials,construction personnel,construction technology and construction management,this paper elaborates on the prominent problems in construction engineering quality control and puts forward targeted solutions,so as to provide reference for improving the overall performance of the project and optimizing the construction quality management.展开更多
Based on the latest demographic and labor data, this paper reveals the changes in China's labor supply and demonstrates that China's key employment issues are no longer quantitative contradictions but increasingly h...Based on the latest demographic and labor data, this paper reveals the changes in China's labor supply and demonstrates that China's key employment issues are no longer quantitative contradictions but increasingly have become structural issues related to labor market mismatch. Due to real and potential economic growth rates being consistent, cyclical unemployment is, at least for now, not striking. If traditional policy measures continue to be followed in disregard of frictional and structural attributes of the labor market to increase total employment, not only will China's employment issues persist but new labor market problems may arise as well China should focus on addressing structural unemployment contradictions.展开更多
All-solid-state Li metal batteries(ASSLBs)using inorganic solid electrolyte(SE)are considered promising alternatives to conventional Li-ion batteries,offering improved safety and boosted energy density.While significa...All-solid-state Li metal batteries(ASSLBs)using inorganic solid electrolyte(SE)are considered promising alternatives to conventional Li-ion batteries,offering improved safety and boosted energy density.While significant progress has been made on improving the ionic conductivity of SEs,the degradation and instability of Li metal/inorganic SE interfaces have become the critical challenges that limit the coulombic efficiency,power performance,and cycling stability of ASSLBs.Understanding the mechanisms of complex/dynamic interfacial phenomena is of great importance in addressing these issues.Herein,recent studies on identifying,understanding,and solving interfacial issues on anode side in ASSLBs are comprehensively reviewed.Typical issues at Li metal/SE interface include Li dendrite growth/propagation,SE cracking,physical contact loss,and electrochemical reactions,which lead to high interfacial resistance and cell failure.The causes of these issues relating to the chemical,physical,and mechanical properties of Li metal and SEs are systematically discussed.Furthermore,effective mitigating strategies are summarized and their effects on suppressing interfacial reactions,improving interfacial Li-ion transport,maintaining interfacial contact,and stabilizing Li plating/stripping are highlighted.The in-depth mechanistic understanding of interfacial issues and complete investigations on current solutions provide foundations and guidance for future research and development to realize practical application of high-performance ASSLB.展开更多
Northeast India has a good deposit of sub-bituminous tertiary coal. The northeast Indian coals have unusual physico-chemical characteristics such as high sulfur, volatile matter and vitrinite content, and low ash cont...Northeast India has a good deposit of sub-bituminous tertiary coal. The northeast Indian coals have unusual physico-chemical characteristics such as high sulfur, volatile matter and vitrinite content, and low ash content. In addition, many environmental sensitive organic and mineral bound elements such as Fe, Mg, Bi, AI, V, Cu, Cd, Ni, Pb, and Mn etc. remain enriched in these coals. Such characteristics are associated with more severe environmental impacts due to mining and its utilization in coal based industries. Environmental challenges include large scale landscape damage, soil erosion, loss of forest ecosystem and wildlife habitat, air, water and soil pollution. Several physical and chemical methods are reported in literature for the removal of mineral matter, total sulfur and different forms of sulfur from high sulfur coal in northeast India. This paper may help different researchers and stakeholders to understand current state of research in the field. Initiatives may be taken towards sustainable use of coal resources by adopting innovative clean technologies and by implementing effective control measures and regulatory policies.展开更多
The global carbon market has developed rapidly with two significant trends of globalization and financialization.Deriving economic interest is a nation driven-force behind the international climate negotiation and car...The global carbon market has developed rapidly with two significant trends of globalization and financialization.Deriving economic interest is a nation driven-force behind the international climate negotiation and carbon market.According to deeply analyzed relationships between the carbon market and the key subjects of the climate negotiation,this article reveals that promoting the development of the global carbon market is one of the core interests of developed nations.Based on the background of international carbon market development and domestic carbon market pilots,four suggestions to the key issues of China's carbon market are provided.The first is that the goal of China's carbon market should be in line with and contribute to the national objectives and policies addressing climate change.The second is that the Chinese carbon market should mainly target the emission reduction of production-sectors,and contribute to their upgradation and transformation.The third is mat the development of the nation-wide carbon market in China should first take the principle of unbalanced regional development into consideration.The fourth is that linking China's carbon market to the international market should keep steps in line with international opening-up of China's financing system.展开更多
Based on a comprehensive inspection and acceptance evaluation of the biological firebreak forest belt construction project in Huiyang Forest Area,this study systematically analyzes common issues encountered during the...Based on a comprehensive inspection and acceptance evaluation of the biological firebreak forest belt construction project in Huiyang Forest Area,this study systematically analyzes common issues encountered during the acceptance process.The findings indicate that primary challenges include low seedling survival rates,incongruities between tree species selection and site conditions,structural deficiencies within the forest belts,insufficient post-planting maintenance and management,and irregularities in documentation.To address these problems,the study proposes targeted countermeasures,such as optimizing tree species selection,enhancing supervision of planting techniques,and establishing a long-term ecological compensation-based management model.These recommendations are framed within the contexts of scientific planning,precise implementation,strengthened oversight,and innovative management mechanisms.The research aims to improve the construction quality and long-term fire prevention efficacy of biological firebreak forest belts,thereby providing practical guidance for analogous firebreak forest belt construction and acceptance initiatives in forest areas of South China.展开更多
The special issue aims to address a broad spectrum of topics ranging from human-centered intelligent robots acting as a servant,secretary,or companion to intelligent robotic functions.The special issue publishes origi...The special issue aims to address a broad spectrum of topics ranging from human-centered intelligent robots acting as a servant,secretary,or companion to intelligent robotic functions.The special issue publishes original papers of innovative ideas and concepts,new discoveries,and novel applications and business models relevant to the field of human-centered intelligent robots.In this special issue,modeling,intelligent control,展开更多
In the last decade, technical advancements and faster Internet speeds have also led to an increasing number ofmobile devices and users. Thus, all contributors to society, whether young or old members, can use these mo...In the last decade, technical advancements and faster Internet speeds have also led to an increasing number ofmobile devices and users. Thus, all contributors to society, whether young or old members, can use these mobileapps. The use of these apps eases our daily lives, and all customers who need any type of service can accessit easily, comfortably, and efficiently through mobile apps. Particularly, Saudi Arabia greatly depends on digitalservices to assist people and visitors. Such mobile devices are used in organizing daily work schedules and services,particularly during two large occasions, Umrah and Hajj. However, pilgrims encounter mobile app issues such asslowness, conflict, unreliability, or user-unfriendliness. Pilgrims comment on these issues on mobile app platformsthrough reviews of their experiences with these digital services. Scholars have made several attempts to solve suchmobile issues by reporting bugs or non-functional requirements by utilizing user comments.However, solving suchissues is a great challenge, and the issues still exist. Therefore, this study aims to propose a hybrid deep learningmodel to classify and predict mobile app software issues encountered by millions of pilgrims during the Hajj andUmrah periods from the user perspective. Firstly, a dataset was constructed using user-generated comments fromrelevant mobile apps using natural language processing methods, including information extraction, the annotationprocess, and pre-processing steps, considering a multi-class classification problem. Then, several experimentswere conducted using common machine learning classifiers, Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Long Short-TermMemory (LSTM), and Convolutional Neural Network Long Short-Term Memory (CNN-LSTM) architectures, toexamine the performance of the proposed model. Results show 96% in F1-score and accuracy, and the proposedmodel outperformed the mentioned models.展开更多
The current status of chemical fertilizers production and consumption in China as well as their important roles in Chinese modern agriculture are discussed with special concerns to the environmental issues related to ...The current status of chemical fertilizers production and consumption in China as well as their important roles in Chinese modern agriculture are discussed with special concerns to the environmental issues related to chemical fertilizer use. On the one hand, the total amount of chemical fertilizer produced is insufficient to meet the agricultural needs. On the other hand, the production and consumption of chemical fertilizers in China are obviously not balanced. In some areas over application of nitrogen fertilizers and loss of phosphate fertilizer due to soil erosion have resulted in some undesirable environmental problems such as increase of nitrate in water and eutrophication of water bodies. Maximum scientific uses of organic manures in combination with reasonable use of chemical fertilizers are part of good practices not only in increasing soil productivity and keeping sustainable agriculture development but also in mimimizing their detrimental effects on the environment.展开更多
基金supported by NSFC(Nos.22322902,U22A20396,and 22211540385)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2021YFA1502000)+2 种基金the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(No.2021RC3065)Postgraduate Scientific Research Innovation Project of Hunan Province(No.CX20230455)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(Nos.JCYJ20210324120800002,JCYJ20220818100012025,and JCYJ20230807122007015)。
摘要The electrochemical CO2 reduction(CO2R)holds the potential to manufacture carbon-based chemicals and fuels while advancing toward carbon neutrality.On the path to achieving practical CO2R,a significant challenge lies in the formation of carbonate salts due to the interplay between CO2,local alkalinity and metal cations.The carbonate issue leads to the wastage of CO2 reactant,thus resulting in low carbon utilization efficiency and high costs for carbonate regeneration.Additionally,such salt formation can threaten the operation stability of the CO2R in electrolyzers equipped with gas diffusion electrodes(GDE).These challenges motivate us to conduct the present review,aiming to provide a comprehensive understanding and propose solution strategies for the carbonate problem.We start from the mechanism insights into carbonate formation with specific analysis on the kinetics of carbonate formation,mass transfer process,and the influence of interfacial p H,followed by the exposition of advanced techniques to monitor the carbonate accumulation.Next,the design strategies to solve the carbonate problem including the optimization of electrolyte,electrode,membranes and operation conditions,are presented,with a highlight on acidic CO2 electrolysis system without introducing metal cations into electrolyte systems.We finally end up by offering future opportunities in this evolving field.These timely and inspiring perspectives can guide researchers in addressing carbonate-related issues and advance CO2R toward practical feasibility.
基金funding support from Strategic Research and Consulting Project of the Chinese Academy of Engineering(Grant No.2024-DFZD-43)Chongqing Planning and Natural Resources Bureau Research Project(Grant No.KJ-2023046)Selfdeveloped Research Project of No.208 Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology Team(Grant No.208-KC-202308).
摘要Since the construction and operation of the Three Gorges Water Conservancy Project(TGWCP),a series of geological safety issues have inevitably emerged within the reservoir area,severely affecting the safety of navigation,towns,roads,and residents within the Three Gorges Reservoir Area(TGRA).This study focuses on the geological safety issues that have arisen during the construction and operation of the TGWCP.The methods involved in the entire research process include data collection,field investigation,and literature review.The following conclusions are drawn:the geological safety issues experienced in the TGRA can be divided into three stages:the natural primitive stage(before 1993),the construction stage(1993–2009),and the operational stage(since 2009).The construction stage can be further divided into three phases,corresponding to the timelines of the resettlement projects:phase 1(1993–1997),phase 2(1997–2003),and phase 3(2003–2009)of the resettlement project.In the natural primitive stage,geological safety issue is primarily triggered by natural factors,leading to landslides and collapses.During the construction stage,the geological safety issues in phase 1 of the resettlement project are induced by human engineering activities,resulting in landslides,collapses,and debris flows.In phase 2 of the resettlement project,the geological safety issues are related to the resurgence of ancient landslides caused by the reservoir water level to 135 m.The phase 3 of the resettlement project experienced geological safety issues due to the formation of new landslides and seismic activities triggered by the reservoir water level reaching 173 m.In the operational stage,the fluctuating water level between 145 m and 175 m induces landslides and collapses.In light of these findings,this study proposed recommendations for the geological safety and sustainable development of the TGRA,ensuring the safety of lives and property of residents.
摘要As environmental challenges intensify, protected areas worldwide are recognized as critical components for maintaining species diversity, ensuring ecosystem efficiency, and mitigating climate change impacts, garnering significant attention and research efforts globally. In China, these protected areas play a pivotal role in the national ecological conservation system. However, economic growth has substantially increased management complexities. Effectively implementing precise and efficient ecological conservation measures in protected areas has become an urgent priority. This paper examines the core challenges in protected area conservation and proposes actionable recommendations, aiming to provide both theoretical foundations and practical guidelines for China's protected area management.
摘要BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal endoscopy technology has significantly improved the diagnostic accuracy and the successful treatment of gastrointestinal diseases.However,a series of ethical issues have emerged,such as expanding treatment indications,which affect the fair distribution of medical resources.There is limited research on ethical issues in the field of digestive endoscopy.AIM To investigate the level of ethical awareness among gastrointestinal endoscopy practitioners and analyze the ethical issues involved in gastrointestinal endoscopy technology.METHODS A questionnaire survey was performed to collect relevant data(gender,age,degree of education,professional title,personnel category,the level of understanding medical ethical principles,ethics training and its learning pathways)from gastrointestinal endoscopy practitioners at the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University and Dalian Friendship Hospital,including licensed physicians and nurses(including trainees and graduate students).RESULTS The majority of gastrointestinal endoscopy practitioners have received training on ethics,but there is still considerable room for improvement in their ethical awareness.Different learning pathways may affect the mastery of ethical principles, and understanding of ethical principles is more easily achieved through hospital ethics institutions.CONCLUSIONTo address the ethical issues in gastrointestinal endoscopy technology, it is necessary to enhance the humanisticeducation of gastrointestinal endoscopy practitioners, incorporate ethical standards into the technology assessmentprocess, and establish a patient-centered diagnostic and treatment model to improve the ethical awareness of practitionersand achieve a balance between technology and ethics.
基金Supported by the China National Science and Technology Major Project(2024ZD1405103)SINOPEC Science and Technology Major Project(P25184)。
摘要Centering on the critical bottlenecks in the development of shale oil in the Jiyang Depression of Shengli Oilfield,key scientific and engineering issues are proposed in aspects such as the storage space and occurrence state of shale oil,the formation mechanisms of multi-scale flow spaces,the mobilization mechanisms of crude oil in pores and fractures,and the enhanced oil recovery(EOR)mechanisms during the late stage of elastic development.The research progress and mechanistic insights in recent years are reviewed with respect to experimental techniques,characteristics of pore-fracture structure and fluid occurrence,fracture evolution mechanisms,shale oil flow mechanisms and EOR techniques.Through improving the experimental methods,optimizing the testing conditions,and developing new technologies,we deeply understand the occurrence state,storage space and flow pattern of shale oil,and reveal the distribution pattern of“oil-bearing in all pore sizes and oil-rich in large pores”and the differences in fluid phase states under the confinement effect of nano-scale pores in the shales of the Jiyang Depression;depict the characteristics of“restricted vertical expansion and complex fracture networks”of induced fractures and the dynamic evolution of fracture networks during the fracturing-soaking-production process;establish a“easy flow-slow flow-stagnant flow”three-zone model and the elastic drive+imbibition drive synergistic energy replenishment mechanism;and carry out high-pressure injection to further enhance the mass transfer and diffusion capacity of CO2within the shale pore-fracture system,and compete for the desorption of alkanes to improve the mobilization degree of shale oil.The research achievements provide crucial support for the formation of the theory of continental shale oil development and the construction of the technical system.The future research efforts will focus on mine-scale multi-field coupling physical simulation equipment,microscopic to macroscopic multi-scale experimental methods,pore/fracture fine characterization and post-fracturing core fracture description technologies,multi-media fluid-structure coupling numerical simulation algorithms,and low-cost EOR and low-quality shale oil in-situ upgrading technologies,in order to promote the large-scale and profitable development of shale oil in the Jiyang Depression.
摘要Background While calls for promoting evidence-informed policymaking(EIP)have become stronger in recent years,there is a paucity of methods to prioritize issues for knowledge translation(KT)and EIP.As requested by WHO and as part of efforts to address this gap,we conducted a critical interpretive synthesis(CIS)to develop a conceptual framework that outlines the features of priority-setting processes and contextual factors influencing the prioritization of issues for KT efforts.Methods We systematically reviewed the literature and used an interpretive analytic approach-the CIS-to synthesize the results and develop the conceptual framework.We used a"compass"question to create a detailed search strategy and conducted electronic searches to identify papers based on their potential relevance to priority-setting for KT efforts and EIP.Results We identified 161 eligible papers.Our findings on key features of the priority-setting process unpacked three 3 levels of constructs:‘pathways'for identifying and prioritizing policy issues for knowledge translation efforts;‘phases'within each pathway;and‘steps'for each phase.There are three main pathways:(1)explicit and systemic priority-setting processes involving policymakers and stakeholders to determine priority topics(collaborative);(2)a policymaker or stakeholder brings an issue forward or asks for evidence on a particular topic(demand-driven);and(3)a need or policy gap is identified by a knowledge translation platform(supply-driven).Within each pathway,four phases emerged:“Preparatory”,“prioritization”,“knowledge translation”and“scale-up and sustainability”.Across these phases,the following steps were identified:establishing a core team,defining a scope,confirming a timeline,sensitizing stakeholders,generating potential issues,gathering contextual information,setting guiding principles,selecting prioritization criteria,applying the method for prioritization,documenting and communicating priorities,validating and revising priorities,selecting venue for decision-making,implementing priorities,monitoring and evaluation,promoting institutionalization,and engaging in peer learning and exchange of experience.We identified engaging stakeholders and strengthening capacity as cross-cutting elements.Our findings on contextual factors unpacked four categories:(1)institutions;(2)ideas;(3)interests;and(4)external factors.Conclusions This CIS generated a multi-level conceptual framework for prioritizing issues for KT efforts and laid the foundation for a WHO tool that supports prioritization in practice.The study contributes meaningfully to both the literature and the operationalization of KT and EIP.
摘要This paper presents and describes an approach to generate innovative labeled datasets that enable automated text classifiers to automatically detect online employee reviews referring to accounting control deficiencies,facili-tating supplementary monitoring for auditors and management.Employees,who are on the front lines executing policies and procedures,play a critical role in a firm's control environment.Their feedback provides insights into how controls are functioning.Textual data were collected and manually coded using a structured coding scheme mapped to COSO internal control framework(2013)principles.The dataset is unique in that it provides a new source of data that has not been previously used in internal control research,offering new opportunities for exploring the relationship between employee feedback and control weaknesses,and shedding light on potential improvements in internal control practices.Downstream stakeholders(such as researchers,management,in-vestors,and auditors)can benefit by having rapid,automated means for filtering and prioritizing employee reviews for further investigation,with respect to accounting control issue mentions.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62373060)the BNU Talent seed fund,and the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory IRADS for Data Science(2022B1212010006)Recommended by Associate Editor Zhengcai Cao.(Corresponding author:Liang Zhang.)。
摘要System identification is a data-driven modeling technique that originates from the control field.It constructs models from data to mimic the behavior of dynamic systems.However,in the network era,scenarios such as sensor malfunctions,packet loss,cyber-attacks,and big data affect the quality,integrity,and security of the data.These data issues pose significant challenges to traditional system identification methods.This paper presents a comprehensive survey of the emergent challenges and advances in system identification in the network era.It explores cutting-edge methodologies to address data issues such as data loss,outliers,noise and nonlinear system identification for complex systems.To tackle the data loss,the methods based on imputation and likelihood-based inference(e.g.,expectation maximization)have been employed.For outliers and noise,methods like robust regression(e.g.,least median of squares,least trimmed squares)and lowrank matrix decomposition show progress in maintaining data integrity.Nonlinear system identification has advanced through kernel-based methods and neural networks,which can model complex data patterns.Finally,this paper provides valuable insights into potential directions for future research.
摘要This study summarizes the examination data of registration labels for ordinary cosmetics in Beijing from May 2021 to April 2024.It analyzes and categorizes the issues identified during label evaluations,explores the underlying causes,and proposes regulatory countermeasures and recommendations for registrants,regulatory authorities,and social organizations.The objective is to offer practical insights and regulatory guidance to support the enhancement of cosmetic registration and regulatory standards.
基金supported by the Beijing Municipal Social Science Foundation in 2019(No.19JYA002).
摘要The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence(AI)technologies presents a range of ethical challenges,highlighting the urgent need to integrate AI ethics education into curricula for young learners.This paper examines the implementation of AI ethics education across primary,secondary,and tertiary education levels,utilizing the framework of socio-scientific issues(SSI)pedagogy.We begin by exploring the pressing need for AI ethics education and then propose a set of curriculum design principles.A comprehensive curriculum framework is developed,which includes learning objectives,content,and pedagogical strategies tailored to each educational stage.Additionally,we present a case study focused on“generative AI technology”to demonstrate the practical application of the proposed framework.The paper concludes with recommendations for effective curriculum implementation,offering strategies to deepen the SSI approach,enhance teaching methods,integrate educational technologies,and address potential challenges.
摘要The quality of construction engineering is not only related to the service function and service life of the project,but also directly affects the safety of people’s lives and property.At present,although China’s construction industry is gradually moving towards standardization,there are still some problems in the quality control link.It is necessary to formulate systematic solutions based on the root causes of the problems.Starting from four key dimensions:construction materials,construction personnel,construction technology and construction management,this paper elaborates on the prominent problems in construction engineering quality control and puts forward targeted solutions,so as to provide reference for improving the overall performance of the project and optimizing the construction quality management.
摘要Based on the latest demographic and labor data, this paper reveals the changes in China's labor supply and demonstrates that China's key employment issues are no longer quantitative contradictions but increasingly have become structural issues related to labor market mismatch. Due to real and potential economic growth rates being consistent, cyclical unemployment is, at least for now, not striking. If traditional policy measures continue to be followed in disregard of frictional and structural attributes of the labor market to increase total employment, not only will China's employment issues persist but new labor market problems may arise as well China should focus on addressing structural unemployment contradictions.
基金supported by the Outstanding Youth Fund Project by the Department of Science and Technology of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.BK20220045)the Key R&D Project funded by the Department of Science and Technology of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.BE2020003)+6 种基金Key Program-Automobile Joint Fund of National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U1964205)General Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51972334)General Program of National Natural Science Foundation of Beijing(Grant No.2202058)Cultivation project of leading innovative experts in Changzhou City(CQ20210003)National Overseas High-level Expert recruitment Program(Grant No.E1JF021E11)Talent Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences,“Scientist Studio Program Funding”from Yangtze River Delta Physics Research Center,and Tianmu Lake Institute of Advanced Energy Storage Technologies(Grant No.TIESSS0001)Science and Technology Research Institute of China Three Gorges Corporation(Grant No.202103402)
摘要All-solid-state Li metal batteries(ASSLBs)using inorganic solid electrolyte(SE)are considered promising alternatives to conventional Li-ion batteries,offering improved safety and boosted energy density.While significant progress has been made on improving the ionic conductivity of SEs,the degradation and instability of Li metal/inorganic SE interfaces have become the critical challenges that limit the coulombic efficiency,power performance,and cycling stability of ASSLBs.Understanding the mechanisms of complex/dynamic interfacial phenomena is of great importance in addressing these issues.Herein,recent studies on identifying,understanding,and solving interfacial issues on anode side in ASSLBs are comprehensively reviewed.Typical issues at Li metal/SE interface include Li dendrite growth/propagation,SE cracking,physical contact loss,and electrochemical reactions,which lead to high interfacial resistance and cell failure.The causes of these issues relating to the chemical,physical,and mechanical properties of Li metal and SEs are systematically discussed.Furthermore,effective mitigating strategies are summarized and their effects on suppressing interfacial reactions,improving interfacial Li-ion transport,maintaining interfacial contact,and stabilizing Li plating/stripping are highlighted.The in-depth mechanistic understanding of interfacial issues and complete investigations on current solutions provide foundations and guidance for future research and development to realize practical application of high-performance ASSLB.
摘要Northeast India has a good deposit of sub-bituminous tertiary coal. The northeast Indian coals have unusual physico-chemical characteristics such as high sulfur, volatile matter and vitrinite content, and low ash content. In addition, many environmental sensitive organic and mineral bound elements such as Fe, Mg, Bi, AI, V, Cu, Cd, Ni, Pb, and Mn etc. remain enriched in these coals. Such characteristics are associated with more severe environmental impacts due to mining and its utilization in coal based industries. Environmental challenges include large scale landscape damage, soil erosion, loss of forest ecosystem and wildlife habitat, air, water and soil pollution. Several physical and chemical methods are reported in literature for the removal of mineral matter, total sulfur and different forms of sulfur from high sulfur coal in northeast India. This paper may help different researchers and stakeholders to understand current state of research in the field. Initiatives may be taken towards sustainable use of coal resources by adopting innovative clean technologies and by implementing effective control measures and regulatory policies.
摘要The global carbon market has developed rapidly with two significant trends of globalization and financialization.Deriving economic interest is a nation driven-force behind the international climate negotiation and carbon market.According to deeply analyzed relationships between the carbon market and the key subjects of the climate negotiation,this article reveals that promoting the development of the global carbon market is one of the core interests of developed nations.Based on the background of international carbon market development and domestic carbon market pilots,four suggestions to the key issues of China's carbon market are provided.The first is that the goal of China's carbon market should be in line with and contribute to the national objectives and policies addressing climate change.The second is that the Chinese carbon market should mainly target the emission reduction of production-sectors,and contribute to their upgradation and transformation.The third is mat the development of the nation-wide carbon market in China should first take the principle of unbalanced regional development into consideration.The fourth is that linking China's carbon market to the international market should keep steps in line with international opening-up of China's financing system.
摘要Based on a comprehensive inspection and acceptance evaluation of the biological firebreak forest belt construction project in Huiyang Forest Area,this study systematically analyzes common issues encountered during the acceptance process.The findings indicate that primary challenges include low seedling survival rates,incongruities between tree species selection and site conditions,structural deficiencies within the forest belts,insufficient post-planting maintenance and management,and irregularities in documentation.To address these problems,the study proposes targeted countermeasures,such as optimizing tree species selection,enhancing supervision of planting techniques,and establishing a long-term ecological compensation-based management model.These recommendations are framed within the contexts of scientific planning,precise implementation,strengthened oversight,and innovative management mechanisms.The research aims to improve the construction quality and long-term fire prevention efficacy of biological firebreak forest belts,thereby providing practical guidance for analogous firebreak forest belt construction and acceptance initiatives in forest areas of South China.
摘要The special issue aims to address a broad spectrum of topics ranging from human-centered intelligent robots acting as a servant,secretary,or companion to intelligent robotic functions.The special issue publishes original papers of innovative ideas and concepts,new discoveries,and novel applications and business models relevant to the field of human-centered intelligent robots.In this special issue,modeling,intelligent control,
摘要In the last decade, technical advancements and faster Internet speeds have also led to an increasing number ofmobile devices and users. Thus, all contributors to society, whether young or old members, can use these mobileapps. The use of these apps eases our daily lives, and all customers who need any type of service can accessit easily, comfortably, and efficiently through mobile apps. Particularly, Saudi Arabia greatly depends on digitalservices to assist people and visitors. Such mobile devices are used in organizing daily work schedules and services,particularly during two large occasions, Umrah and Hajj. However, pilgrims encounter mobile app issues such asslowness, conflict, unreliability, or user-unfriendliness. Pilgrims comment on these issues on mobile app platformsthrough reviews of their experiences with these digital services. Scholars have made several attempts to solve suchmobile issues by reporting bugs or non-functional requirements by utilizing user comments.However, solving suchissues is a great challenge, and the issues still exist. Therefore, this study aims to propose a hybrid deep learningmodel to classify and predict mobile app software issues encountered by millions of pilgrims during the Hajj andUmrah periods from the user perspective. Firstly, a dataset was constructed using user-generated comments fromrelevant mobile apps using natural language processing methods, including information extraction, the annotationprocess, and pre-processing steps, considering a multi-class classification problem. Then, several experimentswere conducted using common machine learning classifiers, Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Long Short-TermMemory (LSTM), and Convolutional Neural Network Long Short-Term Memory (CNN-LSTM) architectures, toexamine the performance of the proposed model. Results show 96% in F1-score and accuracy, and the proposedmodel outperformed the mentioned models.
摘要The current status of chemical fertilizers production and consumption in China as well as their important roles in Chinese modern agriculture are discussed with special concerns to the environmental issues related to chemical fertilizer use. On the one hand, the total amount of chemical fertilizer produced is insufficient to meet the agricultural needs. On the other hand, the production and consumption of chemical fertilizers in China are obviously not balanced. In some areas over application of nitrogen fertilizers and loss of phosphate fertilizer due to soil erosion have resulted in some undesirable environmental problems such as increase of nitrate in water and eutrophication of water bodies. Maximum scientific uses of organic manures in combination with reasonable use of chemical fertilizers are part of good practices not only in increasing soil productivity and keeping sustainable agriculture development but also in mimimizing their detrimental effects on the environment.