SiC/Al-based composite foams were prepared by a two-step foaming method.The influence of the SiC content and its distribution uniformity on the foaming stability,cell structure,and mechanical properties of the aluminu...SiC/Al-based composite foams were prepared by a two-step foaming method.The influence of the SiC content and its distribution uniformity on the foaming stability,cell structure,and mechanical properties of the aluminum foams was investigated.The macro/micro-features of the aluminum foams were characterized and analyzed.Results demonstrate that an appropriate increase in SiC content and the uniform distribution of SiC can improve the foaming stability,optimize the cell diameter and cell wall thickness,ameliorate the cell distribution,and enhance the hardness and compressive strength of the aluminum foams.However,either insufficient or excessive SiC leads to uneven distribution of SiC particles,which is unfavorable to foaming stability and good cell structure formation.With 6wt%SiC,both the foaming stability and cell structure of the aluminum foam reach the optimal state,resulting in the highest compressive strength and optimal energy absorption capacity.展开更多
Non-uniform layers are a common and unavoidable phenomenon in the fabrication of pixel organic light-emitting diodes(OLEDs),particularly in inkjet printing(IJP),which often exhibits pronounced coffee-ring effects.Howe...Non-uniform layers are a common and unavoidable phenomenon in the fabrication of pixel organic light-emitting diodes(OLEDs),particularly in inkjet printing(IJP),which often exhibits pronounced coffee-ring effects.However,accurately simulating these non-uniform features in pixel OLEDs remains a significant challenge for existing methods.In this work,a two-step domain decomposition method was proposed to accurately and efficiently analyze pixel OLEDs with non-uniform layers.In the first step,the whole pixel was divided into several non-overlapping regions according to the dipole radiation range,and the classical dipole radiation model combined with the scattering-matrix method was applied.In the second step,each radiation region was subdivided into uniform and nonuniform parts(quasi-uniform parts),and a modified physical model was introduced to correct the reflection coefficient,transmission coefficient,and phase difference caused by non-uniform layers.The proposed method was verified through both numerical simulations and experiments on a typical IJP OLED.The results showed excellent agreement between the simulated and experimental data,with computational efficiency improved by a factor of 182 compared with COMSOL Multiphysics®.In addition,the analysis of the Purcell effect of a single dipole in a truncated Gaussian microcavity revealed the influence of non-uniformity on the microcavity effect.It explains the physical mechanism of the optical effect caused by non-uniformity,providing a theoretical fundament for non-uniform OLED optimization and manufacturing.This method breaks through the limitations of the traditional uniform model and facilitates the optical simulation and analysis of large-area pixel OLEDs with non-uniform layers.展开更多
The lack of a cell-based screening method limits urate-lowering drug development.A novel method combining aptamer sensor array(ASA),exonuclease III(Exo III)-powered 3D DNA walker(DW),and linear discriminant analysis(L...The lack of a cell-based screening method limits urate-lowering drug development.A novel method combining aptamer sensor array(ASA),exonuclease III(Exo III)-powered 3D DNA walker(DW),and linear discriminant analysis(LDA)was developed for detecting uric acid(UA)in cell lysates,referred to as ASA–Exo III-DW–LDA.Three aptamers(Apts)with different affinities for UA and its structurally similar compound,xanthine(Xan),were used to design the ASA.The combination of ASA and Exo III-DW enabled the detection of UA at the picomolar level,whereas LDA was employed to differentiate UA signals from the mixed signals of UA and Xan.Significantly,Pearson correlation analysis revealed a strong correlation between our method and the 14C radioactive labeling method for urate anion exchanger 1(URAT1)inhibitors,with r=0.9880 for lesinurad and r=0.9777 for benzbromarone.Using our method,kaempferol was identified as a promising hit compound for inhibiting the URAT1,because of its low half-maximal inhibitory concentration(IC50)(18.96μM)low toxicity in mouse renal tubular epithelial cells(mTECs),and significant urate-lowering effect in hyperuricemic mice at 5 mg/kg.Overall,this method is sensitive,cost-effective and safe,offering a novel strategy for routine urate-lowering drug screening in standard laboratories.展开更多
A high-speed train travelling from the open air into a narrow tunnel will cause the“sonic boom”at tunnel exit.When the maglev train’s speed reaches 600 km/h,the train-tunnel aerodynamic effect is intensified,so a n...A high-speed train travelling from the open air into a narrow tunnel will cause the“sonic boom”at tunnel exit.When the maglev train’s speed reaches 600 km/h,the train-tunnel aerodynamic effect is intensified,so a new mitigation method is urgently expected to be explored.This study proposed a novel asymptotic linear method(ALM)for micro pressure wave(MPW)mitigation to achieve a constant gradient of initial c ompression waves(ICWs),via a study with various open ratios on hoods.The properties of ICWs and MPWs under various open ratios of hoods were analyzed.The results show that as the open ratio increases,the MPW amplitude at the tunnel exit initially decreases before rising.At the open ratio of 2.28%,the slope of the ICW curve is linearly coincident with a supposed straight line in the ALM,which further reduces the MPW amplitude by 26.9%at 20 m and 20.0%at 50 m from the exit,as compared to the unvented hood.Therefore,the proposed method effectively mitigates MPW and quickly determines the upper limit of alleviation for the MPW amplitude at a fixed train-tunnel operation condition.All achievements provide a ne w potential measure for the adaptive design of tunnel hoods.展开更多
This paper is concerned with event-triggered control of discrete-time systems with or without input saturation.First,an accumulative-error-based event-triggered scheme is devised for control updates.When the accumulat...This paper is concerned with event-triggered control of discrete-time systems with or without input saturation.First,an accumulative-error-based event-triggered scheme is devised for control updates.When the accumulated error between the current state and the latest control update exceeds a certain threshold,an event is triggered.Such a scheme can ensure the event-generator works at a relatively low rate rather than falls into hibernation especially after the system steps into its steady state.Second,the looped functional method for continuous-time systems is extended to discrete-time systems.By introducing an innovative looped functional that links the event-triggered scheme,some sufficient conditions for the co-design of control gain and event-triggered parameters are obtained in terms of linear matrix inequalities with a couple of tuning parameters.Then,the proposed method is applied to discrete-time systems with input saturation.As a result,both suitable control gains and event-triggered parameters are also co-designed to ensure the system trajectories converge to the region of attraction.Finally,an unstable reactor system and an inverted pendulum system are given to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.展开更多
Efficient and accurate simulation of unsteady flow presents a significant challenge that needs to be overcome in computational fluid dynamics.Temporal discretization method plays a crucial role in the simulation of un...Efficient and accurate simulation of unsteady flow presents a significant challenge that needs to be overcome in computational fluid dynamics.Temporal discretization method plays a crucial role in the simulation of unsteady flows.To enhance computational efficiency,we propose the Implicit-Explicit Two-Step Runge-Kutta(IMEX-TSRK)time-stepping discretization methods for unsteady flows,and develop a novel adaptive algorithm that correctly partitions spatial regions to apply implicit or explicit methods.The novel adaptive IMEX-TSRK schemes effectively handle the numerical stiffness of the small grid size and improve computational efficiency.Compared to implicit and explicit Runge-Kutta(RK)schemes,the IMEX-TSRK methods achieve the same order of accuracy with fewer first derivative calculations.Numerical case tests demonstrate that the IMEX-TSRK methods maintain numerical stability while enhancing computational efficiency.Specifically,in high Reynolds number flows,the computational efficiency of the IMEX-TSRK methods surpasses that of explicit RK schemes by more than one order of magnitude,and that of implicit RK schemes several times over.展开更多
In this paper,a linear optimization method(LOM)for the design of terahertz circuits is presented,aimed at enhancing the simulation efficacy and reducing the time of the circuit design workflow.This method enables the ...In this paper,a linear optimization method(LOM)for the design of terahertz circuits is presented,aimed at enhancing the simulation efficacy and reducing the time of the circuit design workflow.This method enables the rapid determination of optimal embedding impedance for diodes across a specific bandwidth to achieve maximum efficiency through harmonic balance simulations.By optimizing the linear matching circuit with the optimal embedding impedance,the method effectively segregates the simulation of the linear segments from the nonlinear segments in the frequency multiplier circuit,substantially improving the speed of simulations.The design of on-chip linear matching circuits adopts a modular circuit design strategy,incorporating fixed load resistors to simplify the matching challenge.Utilizing this approach,a 340 GHz frequency doubler was developed and measured.The results demonstrate that,across a bandwidth of 330 GHz to 342 GHz,the efficiency of the doubler remains above 10%,with an input power ranging from 98 mW to 141mW and an output power exceeding 13 mW.Notably,at an input power of 141 mW,a peak output power of 21.8 mW was achieved at 334 GHz,corresponding to an efficiency of 15.8%.展开更多
This study presents a novel methodology to obtain an approximate analytical solution for an isotropic homo-geneous elastic medium with displacement and traction boundary conditions.The solution is derived through solv...This study presents a novel methodology to obtain an approximate analytical solution for an isotropic homo-geneous elastic medium with displacement and traction boundary conditions.The solution is derived through solving a specific numerical problem under the scope of the linear finite element method(LFEM),so the method is termed computational method for analytical solutions with finite elements(CMAS-FE).The primary objective of the CMAS-FE is to construct analytical expressions for displacements and reaction forces at nodes,as well as for strains and stresses at elemental quadrature points,all of which are formulated as infinite series solutions of various orders of Poisson’s ratios.Like the conventional LFEM,the CMAS-FE forms global sparse linear equations,but the Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio remain variables(or symbols).By employing a direct inverse method to solve these symbolic linear systems,an analytical expression of the displacement field can be constructed.The CMAS-FE is validated via patch and bending tests,which demonstrate convergence with mesh and term refine-ment.Furthermore,the CMAS-FE is applied to obtain the bending stiffness of a beam structure and to estimate an approximate stress intensity factor for a straight crack within a square-shaped plate.展开更多
In this paper,a two-step iteration method is established which can be viewed as a generalization of the existing modulus-based methods for vertical linear complementarity problems given by He and Vong(Appl.Math.Lett.1...In this paper,a two-step iteration method is established which can be viewed as a generalization of the existing modulus-based methods for vertical linear complementarity problems given by He and Vong(Appl.Math.Lett.134:108344,2022).The convergence analysis of the proposed method is established,which can improve the existing results.Numerical examples show that the proposed method is efficient with the two-step technique.展开更多
Recently,inspired by a modified generalized shift-splitting iteration method for complex symmetric linear systems,we propose two variants of the modified generalized shift-splitting iteration(MGSS)methods for solving ...Recently,inspired by a modified generalized shift-splitting iteration method for complex symmetric linear systems,we propose two variants of the modified generalized shift-splitting iteration(MGSS)methods for solving com-plex symmetric linear systems.One is a parameterized MGSS iteration method and the other is a modified parameterized MGSS iteration method.We prove that the proposed methods are convergent under appropriate constraints on the parameters.In addition,we also give the eigenvalue distributions of differ-ent preconditioned matrices to verify the effectiveness of the preconditioners proposed in this paper.展开更多
Continuous-time model-free adaptive control frameworks are proposed in this paper for solving tracking problems of unknown nonlinear plants described by high-order differential equations.To tackle situations where no ...Continuous-time model-free adaptive control frameworks are proposed in this paper for solving tracking problems of unknown nonlinear plants described by high-order differential equations.To tackle situations where no form or structural information of plant models is present,the first step involves introducing continuous-time dynamic linearization techniques to create data models.Based on different ways for generating control inputs,two kinds of dynamic linearization processes for continuous-time nonlinear plants are established for the first time,where the nonlinear plants are parameterized by a time-varying linear data model.In the first dynamic linearization model(DLM),the control input is calculated by designating its derivative while the second one gives directly control inputs.Then,after acquiring different dynamic linearization models,based on traditional backstepping methods,adaptive laws are proposed to learn the timevarying parameters in DLMs and the corresponding model-free adaptive controllers are designed.The conditions on designable parameters for the proposed controllers are provided to ensure semi-global practical stabilization and arbitrarily desirable ultimate tracking accuracy.Moreover,to eliminate the effects of unknown equilibrium points on tracking accuracy,a continuoustime model-free adaptive controller with pure integral terms is proposed under the second dynamic linearization model.Finally,several practical and numerical examples are simulated to illustrate the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed results.展开更多
The method of characteristics(MoC)is a well-established tool for lattice physics calculations,offering advantages such as accurate representation of both lattice geometry and boundary conditions.The flat source(FS)app...The method of characteristics(MoC)is a well-established tool for lattice physics calculations,offering advantages such as accurate representation of both lattice geometry and boundary conditions.The flat source(FS)approximation is the most commonly used approach,whereas the linear source(LS)approximation enhances the accuracy by preserving the higherorder spatial moments of the neutron source.However,determining the order of accuracy(OoA)for spatial discretization in the MoC is challenging,particularly for the LS approximation.This complexity arises because MoC employs two spatial meshes:the fission source region(FSR)mesh and a set of characteristic rays used to integrate the transport equation over the FSR mesh.In this study,we analyzed the spatial order of accuracy of the MoC in planar geometry for both FS and LS approximations in relation to the distributed source.Our theoretical predictions are consistent with the numerical results obtained using the Method of Manufactured Solutions(MMS).The results demonstrate that the FS approximation achieves second-order accuracy,whereas the LS approximation attains fourth-order accuracy.展开更多
Crossflow vortices induced transition is one of the most important instability types in supersonic aircraft boundary layers.While the traditional linear stability theory(LST)-based eN method demonstrates satisfactory ...Crossflow vortices induced transition is one of the most important instability types in supersonic aircraft boundary layers.While the traditional linear stability theory(LST)-based eN method demonstrates satisfactory predictive capabilities for this kind of transition,its practical implementation faces inherent limitations:the requirement of first-and second-order wallnormal derivatives of boundary layer velocityemperature profiles,the need for initial eigenvalue guesses,and the computational burden of solving eigenvalue problems.To address these challenges,this study develops a multi-layer perceptron(MLP)model tailored for linear stability analysis of three-dimensional compressible boundary layers based on the artificially defined quasi-three-dimensional non-similar boundary layer solutions.The boundary layer edge flow parameters and perturbation characteristics are mapped to eigenvalues or local growth rates of the envelop curves through fully connected layers.This architecture eliminates the need for computing wall-normal derivatives of velocityemperature profiles,initial eigenvalue estimation,and direct eigenvalue problem solving.Extensive validation across varying operational conditions and geometries(airfoils and swept wings)demonstrates exceptional agreement between the MLP’s predictions(eigenvalues and disturbance amplification factors)and traditional LST results.Furthermore,the model’s transition prediction capability is rigorously verified using National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s supersonic swept-wing crossflow-dominated transition benchmark,incorporating both stability analysis and flight test data.Results confirm the model is an efficient and reliable computational framework for transition prediction in three-dimensional finite-span wings.展开更多
The Haicheng region,Liaoning,China,likely hosts a conjugate fault system comprising the NW-trending Haichenghe fault and NE-trending secondary faults.On February 4,1975,at 19:36 CST,an earthquake of MS7.3 and inten...The Haicheng region,Liaoning,China,likely hosts a conjugate fault system comprising the NW-trending Haichenghe fault and NE-trending secondary faults.On February 4,1975,at 19:36 CST,an earthquake of MS7.3 and intensity(MMI)IX hit the city of Haicheng,Liaoning,China.Although deep seismic profiling was previously conducted along the Haichenghe fault,the limited horizontal resolution in the shallow part prevented the recognition of kilometer-scale anomalies.The velocity structure characteristics of the Haichenghe fault and its NE-trending conjugate faults remain unclear.Using the extended range phase shift method,the high-resolution S-wave velocity structures are obtained by deploying a long,dense linear array of 55 short-period seismometers across the fault and NE-trending conjugate faults.The array length was 32 km and inter-station spacing was approximately 600 m,facilitating the collection of approximately 22 days of continuous waveform data.Employing the Extended Range Phase Shift(ERPS)method enabled the extraction of broadband 0.2–5 s Rayleigh wave phase velocity dispersion curves.The broadband dispersion data were used for inversion of the high-resolution S-wave velocity structure to a depth of 8 km from the surface.The velocity structure characteristics and seismicity of the Haichenghe fault and NE-trending conjugate faults were analyzed and compared with nearby fault gas measurements.Results show(1)shallow S-wave velocities show a low-high-low horizontal distribution,corresponding to basin-uplift-basin topography;(2)significant velocity contrasts occur across the Haichenghe fault:its SW segment(0–17 km)exhibits high velocities consistent with Paleoproterozoic crystalline basement(Pt1),while the NE segment(17–32 km)shows low velocities related to Yanshanian intrusions(γ5)and Quaternary sediments.NE-trending conjugate faults display sharp velocity gradients marking fracture locations,with all faults being near-vertical to~8 km depth;(3)seismicity at 1–6 km depth mainly clusters in high-velocity zones;at 6–8 km depth,it concentrates beneath the Haichenghe fault in low-velocity areas and along NE-trending faults;(4)the seismic activity characteristics and fault zone width of the Haicheng he fault reflected by velocity imaging results are basically consistent with those obtained by the fault gas measurement method.展开更多
Due to the heterogeneity of rock masses and the variability of in situ stress,the traditional linear inversion method is insufficiently accurate to achieve high accuracy of the in situ stress field.To address this cha...Due to the heterogeneity of rock masses and the variability of in situ stress,the traditional linear inversion method is insufficiently accurate to achieve high accuracy of the in situ stress field.To address this challenge,nonlinear stress boundaries for a numerical model are determined through regression analysis of a series of nonlinear coefficient matrices,which are derived from the bubbling method.Considering the randomness and flexibility of the bubbling method,a parametric study is conducted to determine recommended ranges for these parameters,including the standard deviation(σb)of bubble radii,the non-uniform coefficient matrix number(λ)for nonlinear stress boundaries,and the number(m)and positions of in situ stress measurement points.A model case study provides a reference for the selection of these parameters.Additionally,when the nonlinear in situ stress inversion method is employed,stress distortion inevitably occurs near model boundaries,aligning with the Saint Venant's principle.Two strategies are proposed accordingly:employing a systematic reduction of nonlinear coefficients to achieve high inversion accuracy while minimizing significant stress distortion,and excluding regions with severe stress distortion near the model edges while utilizing the central part of the model for subsequent simulations.These two strategies have been successfully implemented in the nonlinear in situ stress inversion of the Xincheng Gold Mine and have achieved higher inversion accuracy than the linear method.Specifically,the linear and nonlinear inversion methods yield root mean square errors(RMSE)of 4.15 and 3.2,and inversion relative errors(δAve)of 22.08%and 17.55%,respectively.Therefore,the nonlinear inversion method outperforms the traditional multiple linear regression method,even in the presence of a systematic reduction in the nonlinear stress boundaries.展开更多
This article discusses the two-step Adomian decomposition method for solving nonlinear integro-differential equations of complex fractional order to obtain an analytical solution using a simple algorithm.We obtain the...This article discusses the two-step Adomian decomposition method for solving nonlinear integro-differential equations of complex fractional order to obtain an analytical solution using a simple algorithm.We obtain the analytical solution using only one iteration.We find the results without using the approximation and discretization tools,which generally generate the round-off error.The obtained solution has higher accuracy than other numerical methods.We consider two examples to prove the applicability of the method and compare the results with other numerical methods.Here,we use the Caputo definition for complex fractional order operators.We provide new results such as the existence,uniqueness,and stability of the solution of the complex fractional nonlinear integro-differential equations(CF-NL-IDEs)employing the fixed point theory and Ulam-Hyers stability.Additionally,we solve examples using two popular numerical methods:the Adomian decomposition method and the modified Adomian decomposition method.We also compare the solution obtained from the proposed method and the solutions obtained from these two numerical methods.It is observed via examples that our method provides more accurate results with faster convergence for the CF-NL-IDEs.展开更多
The control problem of nonlinear systems under network transmission constraints has become a central research topic in networked control systems(NCSs).While communication networks introduce flexibility and scalability...The control problem of nonlinear systems under network transmission constraints has become a central research topic in networked control systems(NCSs).While communication networks introduce flexibility and scalability,their inherent limitations disrupt the information conditions and structural assumptions required by traditional nonlinear control methods,thereby posing significant challenges to system stability and performance.These issues have led to extensive efforts to develop nonlinear robust control frameworks tailored for networked environments.This survey reviews the main progress in this area by examining three representative classes of nonlinear systems with distinct structural features:strict-feedback/pure-feedback systems,nonlinear systems with matched uncertainties,and feedback-linearizable systems.The specific ways in which network-induced phenomena destroy the structural premises of these control approaches are clarified,including interruptions of recursive chains in backstepping,violations of arrival and sliding conditions in sliding mode control,and distortions of state transformations in feedback linearization.The solution strategies proposed to address these challenges are then grouped and summarized according to their underlying mechanisms.Finally,key conclusions are drawn,and several potential research directions are outlined to guide future work on nonlinear control under network transmission constraints.展开更多
The integration of the Linear Temporal Logic(LTL)in AI-based computational tree models is an effective form of formal verification of Artificial Intelligence systems.But classical model checking methods do not scale b...The integration of the Linear Temporal Logic(LTL)in AI-based computational tree models is an effective form of formal verification of Artificial Intelligence systems.But classical model checking methods do not scale because of the state-space explosion.In this paper,we propose a novel data driven methodology backed by deep learning for efficient approximation of LTL model checking.The Temporal Convolutional Graph Network(TCGN)is a framework for deep learning that integrates graph neural networks with temporal logic in order to verify the behaviour of complex systems.We conduct experiments on synthetic and real-world datasets,showing that TCGN achieves an accuracy of 98%and outperforms traditional methods like NuSMV both in effectiveness instantaneous verification and efficiency.The TCGN can also achieve real time large scale AI system verification due to its strong robustness under adversarial perturbation.展开更多
The Adomian decomposition method (ADM) can be used to solve a wide range of problems and usually gets the solution in a series form. In this paper, we propose two-step Adomian Decomposition Method (TSAM) for nonlinear...The Adomian decomposition method (ADM) can be used to solve a wide range of problems and usually gets the solution in a series form. In this paper, we propose two-step Adomian Decomposition Method (TSAM) for nonlinear integro-differential equations that will facilitate the calculations. In this modification, compared to the standard Adomian decomposition method, the size of calculations was reduced. This modification also avoids computing Adomian polynomials. Numerical results are given to show the efficiency and performance of this method.展开更多
Linear scan computed tomography (LCT) is of great benefit to online industrial scanning and security inspection due to its characteristics of straight-line source trajectory and high scanning speed. However, in prac...Linear scan computed tomography (LCT) is of great benefit to online industrial scanning and security inspection due to its characteristics of straight-line source trajectory and high scanning speed. However, in practical applications of LCT, there are challenges to image reconstruction due to limited-angle and insufficient data. In this paper, a new reconstruction algorithm based on total-variation (TV) minimization is developed to reconstruct images from limited-angle and insufficient data in LCT. The main idea of our approach is to reformulate a TV problem as a linear equality constrained problem where the objective function is separable, and then minimize its augmented Lagrangian function by using alternating direction method (ADM) to solve subproblems. The proposed method is robust and efficient in the task of reconstruction by showing the convergence of ADM. The numerical simulations and real data reconstructions show that the proposed reconstruction method brings reasonable performance and outperforms some previous ones when applied to an LCT imaging problem.展开更多
基金Doctoral Startup Fund(20192066,20212028)Laijin Excellent Doctoral Fund(20202021)+1 种基金Scientific and Technological Innovation of Colleges and Universities in Shanxi Province(2020L0342)Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province(202303021222178)。
摘要SiC/Al-based composite foams were prepared by a two-step foaming method.The influence of the SiC content and its distribution uniformity on the foaming stability,cell structure,and mechanical properties of the aluminum foams was investigated.The macro/micro-features of the aluminum foams were characterized and analyzed.Results demonstrate that an appropriate increase in SiC content and the uniform distribution of SiC can improve the foaming stability,optimize the cell diameter and cell wall thickness,ameliorate the cell distribution,and enhance the hardness and compressive strength of the aluminum foams.However,either insufficient or excessive SiC leads to uneven distribution of SiC particles,which is unfavorable to foaming stability and good cell structure formation.With 6wt%SiC,both the foaming stability and cell structure of the aluminum foam reach the optimal state,resulting in the highest compressive strength and optimal energy absorption capacity.
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Plan of China(2022YFB2803900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52130504 and 52450258)+2 种基金Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2023A1515030149)Wuhan Science and Technology Major Project(2023010302020031)the Innovation Project of Optics Valley Laboratory,China(OVL2023PY003).
摘要Non-uniform layers are a common and unavoidable phenomenon in the fabrication of pixel organic light-emitting diodes(OLEDs),particularly in inkjet printing(IJP),which often exhibits pronounced coffee-ring effects.However,accurately simulating these non-uniform features in pixel OLEDs remains a significant challenge for existing methods.In this work,a two-step domain decomposition method was proposed to accurately and efficiently analyze pixel OLEDs with non-uniform layers.In the first step,the whole pixel was divided into several non-overlapping regions according to the dipole radiation range,and the classical dipole radiation model combined with the scattering-matrix method was applied.In the second step,each radiation region was subdivided into uniform and nonuniform parts(quasi-uniform parts),and a modified physical model was introduced to correct the reflection coefficient,transmission coefficient,and phase difference caused by non-uniform layers.The proposed method was verified through both numerical simulations and experiments on a typical IJP OLED.The results showed excellent agreement between the simulated and experimental data,with computational efficiency improved by a factor of 182 compared with COMSOL Multiphysics®.In addition,the analysis of the Purcell effect of a single dipole in a truncated Gaussian microcavity revealed the influence of non-uniformity on the microcavity effect.It explains the physical mechanism of the optical effect caused by non-uniformity,providing a theoretical fundament for non-uniform OLED optimization and manufacturing.This method breaks through the limitations of the traditional uniform model and facilitates the optical simulation and analysis of large-area pixel OLEDs with non-uniform layers.
基金supported financially by the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Grant Nos.:2025A1515012729,2023A1515010996 and 2023A1515111161)the Guangzhou Science and Technology Planning Project(Grant No.:2024B03J0007)+2 种基金the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(Grant No.:GZC20231086)the President Foundation of The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University(Grant No.:YQ202303)the Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.:82373921).
摘要The lack of a cell-based screening method limits urate-lowering drug development.A novel method combining aptamer sensor array(ASA),exonuclease III(Exo III)-powered 3D DNA walker(DW),and linear discriminant analysis(LDA)was developed for detecting uric acid(UA)in cell lysates,referred to as ASA–Exo III-DW–LDA.Three aptamers(Apts)with different affinities for UA and its structurally similar compound,xanthine(Xan),were used to design the ASA.The combination of ASA and Exo III-DW enabled the detection of UA at the picomolar level,whereas LDA was employed to differentiate UA signals from the mixed signals of UA and Xan.Significantly,Pearson correlation analysis revealed a strong correlation between our method and the 14C radioactive labeling method for urate anion exchanger 1(URAT1)inhibitors,with r=0.9880 for lesinurad and r=0.9777 for benzbromarone.Using our method,kaempferol was identified as a promising hit compound for inhibiting the URAT1,because of its low half-maximal inhibitory concentration(IC50)(18.96μM)low toxicity in mouse renal tubular epithelial cells(mTECs),and significant urate-lowering effect in hyperuricemic mice at 5 mg/kg.Overall,this method is sensitive,cost-effective and safe,offering a novel strategy for routine urate-lowering drug screening in standard laboratories.
基金Project(24A0006)supported by the Key Project of Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Department of Education,ChinaProject(2024JJ5430)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,ChinaProjects(2024JK2045,2023RC3061)supported by the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province,China。
摘要A high-speed train travelling from the open air into a narrow tunnel will cause the“sonic boom”at tunnel exit.When the maglev train’s speed reaches 600 km/h,the train-tunnel aerodynamic effect is intensified,so a new mitigation method is urgently expected to be explored.This study proposed a novel asymptotic linear method(ALM)for micro pressure wave(MPW)mitigation to achieve a constant gradient of initial c ompression waves(ICWs),via a study with various open ratios on hoods.The properties of ICWs and MPWs under various open ratios of hoods were analyzed.The results show that as the open ratio increases,the MPW amplitude at the tunnel exit initially decreases before rising.At the open ratio of 2.28%,the slope of the ICW curve is linearly coincident with a supposed straight line in the ALM,which further reduces the MPW amplitude by 26.9%at 20 m and 20.0%at 50 m from the exit,as compared to the unvented hood.Therefore,the proposed method effectively mitigates MPW and quickly determines the upper limit of alleviation for the MPW amplitude at a fixed train-tunnel operation condition.All achievements provide a ne w potential measure for the adaptive design of tunnel hoods.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62473221)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China(ZR2024MF006)Qingdao Natural Science Foundation(24-4-4-zrjj-165-jch)。
摘要This paper is concerned with event-triggered control of discrete-time systems with or without input saturation.First,an accumulative-error-based event-triggered scheme is devised for control updates.When the accumulated error between the current state and the latest control update exceeds a certain threshold,an event is triggered.Such a scheme can ensure the event-generator works at a relatively low rate rather than falls into hibernation especially after the system steps into its steady state.Second,the looped functional method for continuous-time systems is extended to discrete-time systems.By introducing an innovative looped functional that links the event-triggered scheme,some sufficient conditions for the co-design of control gain and event-triggered parameters are obtained in terms of linear matrix inequalities with a couple of tuning parameters.Then,the proposed method is applied to discrete-time systems with input saturation.As a result,both suitable control gains and event-triggered parameters are also co-designed to ensure the system trajectories converge to the region of attraction.Finally,an unstable reactor system and an inverted pendulum system are given to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.92252201)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universitiesthe Academic Excellence Foundation of Beihang University(BUAA)for PhD Students。
摘要Efficient and accurate simulation of unsteady flow presents a significant challenge that needs to be overcome in computational fluid dynamics.Temporal discretization method plays a crucial role in the simulation of unsteady flows.To enhance computational efficiency,we propose the Implicit-Explicit Two-Step Runge-Kutta(IMEX-TSRK)time-stepping discretization methods for unsteady flows,and develop a novel adaptive algorithm that correctly partitions spatial regions to apply implicit or explicit methods.The novel adaptive IMEX-TSRK schemes effectively handle the numerical stiffness of the small grid size and improve computational efficiency.Compared to implicit and explicit Runge-Kutta(RK)schemes,the IMEX-TSRK methods achieve the same order of accuracy with fewer first derivative calculations.Numerical case tests demonstrate that the IMEX-TSRK methods maintain numerical stability while enhancing computational efficiency.Specifically,in high Reynolds number flows,the computational efficiency of the IMEX-TSRK methods surpasses that of explicit RK schemes by more than one order of magnitude,and that of implicit RK schemes several times over.
基金Supported by the Beijing Municipal Science&Technology Commission(Z211100004421012),the Key Reaserch and Development Pro⁃gram of China(2022YFF0605902)。
摘要In this paper,a linear optimization method(LOM)for the design of terahertz circuits is presented,aimed at enhancing the simulation efficacy and reducing the time of the circuit design workflow.This method enables the rapid determination of optimal embedding impedance for diodes across a specific bandwidth to achieve maximum efficiency through harmonic balance simulations.By optimizing the linear matching circuit with the optimal embedding impedance,the method effectively segregates the simulation of the linear segments from the nonlinear segments in the frequency multiplier circuit,substantially improving the speed of simulations.The design of on-chip linear matching circuits adopts a modular circuit design strategy,incorporating fixed load resistors to simplify the matching challenge.Utilizing this approach,a 340 GHz frequency doubler was developed and measured.The results demonstrate that,across a bandwidth of 330 GHz to 342 GHz,the efficiency of the doubler remains above 10%,with an input power ranging from 98 mW to 141mW and an output power exceeding 13 mW.Notably,at an input power of 141 mW,a peak output power of 21.8 mW was achieved at 334 GHz,corresponding to an efficiency of 15.8%.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Excellence Research Group Program for“Multiscale Problems in Nonlinear Mechanics”(Grant No.12588201)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2023YFA1008901)+1 种基金the National Nat-ural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12172009)supported by“The Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Peking University”.
摘要This study presents a novel methodology to obtain an approximate analytical solution for an isotropic homo-geneous elastic medium with displacement and traction boundary conditions.The solution is derived through solving a specific numerical problem under the scope of the linear finite element method(LFEM),so the method is termed computational method for analytical solutions with finite elements(CMAS-FE).The primary objective of the CMAS-FE is to construct analytical expressions for displacements and reaction forces at nodes,as well as for strains and stresses at elemental quadrature points,all of which are formulated as infinite series solutions of various orders of Poisson’s ratios.Like the conventional LFEM,the CMAS-FE forms global sparse linear equations,but the Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio remain variables(or symbols).By employing a direct inverse method to solve these symbolic linear systems,an analytical expression of the displacement field can be constructed.The CMAS-FE is validated via patch and bending tests,which demonstrate convergence with mesh and term refine-ment.Furthermore,the CMAS-FE is applied to obtain the bending stiffness of a beam structure and to estimate an approximate stress intensity factor for a straight crack within a square-shaped plate.
基金supported by the Scientific Computing Research Innovation Team of Guangdong Province(no.2021KCXTD052)the Science and Technology Development Fund,Macao SAR(no.0096/2022/A,0151/2022/A)+3 种基金University of Macao(no.MYRG2020-00035-FST,MYRG2022-00076-FST)the Guangdong Key Construction Discipline Research Capacity Enhancement Project(no.2022ZDJS049)Technology Planning Project of Shaoguan(no.210716094530390)the ScienceFoundation of Shaoguan University(no.SZ2020KJ01).
摘要In this paper,a two-step iteration method is established which can be viewed as a generalization of the existing modulus-based methods for vertical linear complementarity problems given by He and Vong(Appl.Math.Lett.134:108344,2022).The convergence analysis of the proposed method is established,which can improve the existing results.Numerical examples show that the proposed method is efficient with the two-step technique.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12371378)by the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(Grant Nos.2024J01980,2024J08242).
摘要Recently,inspired by a modified generalized shift-splitting iteration method for complex symmetric linear systems,we propose two variants of the modified generalized shift-splitting iteration(MGSS)methods for solving com-plex symmetric linear systems.One is a parameterized MGSS iteration method and the other is a modified parameterized MGSS iteration method.We prove that the proposed methods are convergent under appropriate constraints on the parameters.In addition,we also give the eigenvalue distributions of differ-ent preconditioned matrices to verify the effectiveness of the preconditioners proposed in this paper.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China(62403049,62373206,62261160575)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFE0204100)。
摘要Continuous-time model-free adaptive control frameworks are proposed in this paper for solving tracking problems of unknown nonlinear plants described by high-order differential equations.To tackle situations where no form or structural information of plant models is present,the first step involves introducing continuous-time dynamic linearization techniques to create data models.Based on different ways for generating control inputs,two kinds of dynamic linearization processes for continuous-time nonlinear plants are established for the first time,where the nonlinear plants are parameterized by a time-varying linear data model.In the first dynamic linearization model(DLM),the control input is calculated by designating its derivative while the second one gives directly control inputs.Then,after acquiring different dynamic linearization models,based on traditional backstepping methods,adaptive laws are proposed to learn the timevarying parameters in DLMs and the corresponding model-free adaptive controllers are designed.The conditions on designable parameters for the proposed controllers are provided to ensure semi-global practical stabilization and arbitrarily desirable ultimate tracking accuracy.Moreover,to eliminate the effects of unknown equilibrium points on tracking accuracy,a continuoustime model-free adaptive controller with pure integral terms is proposed under the second dynamic linearization model.Finally,several practical and numerical examples are simulated to illustrate the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed results.
基金supported by the Stable Support Plan Program under Shenzhen Natural Science Fund(No.20220811012323001)the LingChuang Research Project of China National Nuclear Corporation(No.CNNC-LCKY-202266)+6 种基金the Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Nuclear and Radiation Safety of Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Commission(No.ZDSYS20230626091501002)the Pengcheng Peacock Plan Distinguished Talent project(No.827-000712)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Commission Key Technical Project(Nos.JSGG20220831110607013 and KJZD20231023100200001)the Foundation for Distinguished Young Talents in Higher Education of Guangdong(No.2023KQNCX065)the Teaching Reform Research Programs under Shenzhen University Contract(Nos.JG000066010107,JG000033090185,and JG2022072)the Teaching Reform Research Program under Guangdong Provincial Department of Education Contract(No.JG2024085)supported by the Consortium for Advanced Simulation of Light Water Reactors(http://gffzz228af71adddf4e8esqfkobk9xvkn06wnu.ffgz.tsg.suse.edu.cn/),an Energy Innovation Hub(http://gffzzda0388b0bb3b4345hqfkobk9xvkn06wnu.ffgz.tsg.suse.edu.cn/hubs)for Modeling and Simulation of Nuclear Reactors,under the U.S.Department of Energy Contract(No.DE-AC05-00OR22725)。
摘要The method of characteristics(MoC)is a well-established tool for lattice physics calculations,offering advantages such as accurate representation of both lattice geometry and boundary conditions.The flat source(FS)approximation is the most commonly used approach,whereas the linear source(LS)approximation enhances the accuracy by preserving the higherorder spatial moments of the neutron source.However,determining the order of accuracy(OoA)for spatial discretization in the MoC is challenging,particularly for the LS approximation.This complexity arises because MoC employs two spatial meshes:the fission source region(FSR)mesh and a set of characteristic rays used to integrate the transport equation over the FSR mesh.In this study,we analyzed the spatial order of accuracy of the MoC in planar geometry for both FS and LS approximations in relation to the distributed source.Our theoretical predictions are consistent with the numerical results obtained using the Method of Manufactured Solutions(MMS).The results demonstrate that the FS approximation achieves second-order accuracy,whereas the LS approximation attains fourth-order accuracy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52372362 and 12102361)the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi(Grant No.2025JCJCQN-071)+1 种基金the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.LR25A020001)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.G2024KY0615).
摘要Crossflow vortices induced transition is one of the most important instability types in supersonic aircraft boundary layers.While the traditional linear stability theory(LST)-based eN method demonstrates satisfactory predictive capabilities for this kind of transition,its practical implementation faces inherent limitations:the requirement of first-and second-order wallnormal derivatives of boundary layer velocityemperature profiles,the need for initial eigenvalue guesses,and the computational burden of solving eigenvalue problems.To address these challenges,this study develops a multi-layer perceptron(MLP)model tailored for linear stability analysis of three-dimensional compressible boundary layers based on the artificially defined quasi-three-dimensional non-similar boundary layer solutions.The boundary layer edge flow parameters and perturbation characteristics are mapped to eigenvalues or local growth rates of the envelop curves through fully connected layers.This architecture eliminates the need for computing wall-normal derivatives of velocityemperature profiles,initial eigenvalue estimation,and direct eigenvalue problem solving.Extensive validation across varying operational conditions and geometries(airfoils and swept wings)demonstrates exceptional agreement between the MLP’s predictions(eigenvalues and disturbance amplification factors)and traditional LST results.Furthermore,the model’s transition prediction capability is rigorously verified using National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s supersonic swept-wing crossflow-dominated transition benchmark,incorporating both stability analysis and flight test data.Results confirm the model is an efficient and reliable computational framework for transition prediction in three-dimensional finite-span wings.
基金supported by the Special Fund of the Institute of Geophysics,China Earthquake Administration,(No.DQJB21B34).
摘要The Haicheng region,Liaoning,China,likely hosts a conjugate fault system comprising the NW-trending Haichenghe fault and NE-trending secondary faults.On February 4,1975,at 19:36 CST,an earthquake of MS7.3 and intensity(MMI)IX hit the city of Haicheng,Liaoning,China.Although deep seismic profiling was previously conducted along the Haichenghe fault,the limited horizontal resolution in the shallow part prevented the recognition of kilometer-scale anomalies.The velocity structure characteristics of the Haichenghe fault and its NE-trending conjugate faults remain unclear.Using the extended range phase shift method,the high-resolution S-wave velocity structures are obtained by deploying a long,dense linear array of 55 short-period seismometers across the fault and NE-trending conjugate faults.The array length was 32 km and inter-station spacing was approximately 600 m,facilitating the collection of approximately 22 days of continuous waveform data.Employing the Extended Range Phase Shift(ERPS)method enabled the extraction of broadband 0.2–5 s Rayleigh wave phase velocity dispersion curves.The broadband dispersion data were used for inversion of the high-resolution S-wave velocity structure to a depth of 8 km from the surface.The velocity structure characteristics and seismicity of the Haichenghe fault and NE-trending conjugate faults were analyzed and compared with nearby fault gas measurements.Results show(1)shallow S-wave velocities show a low-high-low horizontal distribution,corresponding to basin-uplift-basin topography;(2)significant velocity contrasts occur across the Haichenghe fault:its SW segment(0–17 km)exhibits high velocities consistent with Paleoproterozoic crystalline basement(Pt1),while the NE segment(17–32 km)shows low velocities related to Yanshanian intrusions(γ5)and Quaternary sediments.NE-trending conjugate faults display sharp velocity gradients marking fracture locations,with all faults being near-vertical to~8 km depth;(3)seismicity at 1–6 km depth mainly clusters in high-velocity zones;at 6–8 km depth,it concentrates beneath the Haichenghe fault in low-velocity areas and along NE-trending faults;(4)the seismic activity characteristics and fault zone width of the Haicheng he fault reflected by velocity imaging results are basically consistent with those obtained by the fault gas measurement method.
基金funded by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFC2903904)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51904057 and U1906208).
摘要Due to the heterogeneity of rock masses and the variability of in situ stress,the traditional linear inversion method is insufficiently accurate to achieve high accuracy of the in situ stress field.To address this challenge,nonlinear stress boundaries for a numerical model are determined through regression analysis of a series of nonlinear coefficient matrices,which are derived from the bubbling method.Considering the randomness and flexibility of the bubbling method,a parametric study is conducted to determine recommended ranges for these parameters,including the standard deviation(σb)of bubble radii,the non-uniform coefficient matrix number(λ)for nonlinear stress boundaries,and the number(m)and positions of in situ stress measurement points.A model case study provides a reference for the selection of these parameters.Additionally,when the nonlinear in situ stress inversion method is employed,stress distortion inevitably occurs near model boundaries,aligning with the Saint Venant's principle.Two strategies are proposed accordingly:employing a systematic reduction of nonlinear coefficients to achieve high inversion accuracy while minimizing significant stress distortion,and excluding regions with severe stress distortion near the model edges while utilizing the central part of the model for subsequent simulations.These two strategies have been successfully implemented in the nonlinear in situ stress inversion of the Xincheng Gold Mine and have achieved higher inversion accuracy than the linear method.Specifically,the linear and nonlinear inversion methods yield root mean square errors(RMSE)of 4.15 and 3.2,and inversion relative errors(δAve)of 22.08%and 17.55%,respectively.Therefore,the nonlinear inversion method outperforms the traditional multiple linear regression method,even in the presence of a systematic reduction in the nonlinear stress boundaries.
摘要This article discusses the two-step Adomian decomposition method for solving nonlinear integro-differential equations of complex fractional order to obtain an analytical solution using a simple algorithm.We obtain the analytical solution using only one iteration.We find the results without using the approximation and discretization tools,which generally generate the round-off error.The obtained solution has higher accuracy than other numerical methods.We consider two examples to prove the applicability of the method and compare the results with other numerical methods.Here,we use the Caputo definition for complex fractional order operators.We provide new results such as the existence,uniqueness,and stability of the solution of the complex fractional nonlinear integro-differential equations(CF-NL-IDEs)employing the fixed point theory and Ulam-Hyers stability.Additionally,we solve examples using two popular numerical methods:the Adomian decomposition method and the modified Adomian decomposition method.We also compare the solution obtained from the proposed method and the solutions obtained from these two numerical methods.It is observed via examples that our method provides more accurate results with faster convergence for the CF-NL-IDEs.
基金supported in part by the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under Grant 820776(INTEGRADDE)the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council(EPSRC)of the UK+1 种基金the Royal Society of the UKthe Alexander von Humboldt Foundation of Germany.
摘要The control problem of nonlinear systems under network transmission constraints has become a central research topic in networked control systems(NCSs).While communication networks introduce flexibility and scalability,their inherent limitations disrupt the information conditions and structural assumptions required by traditional nonlinear control methods,thereby posing significant challenges to system stability and performance.These issues have led to extensive efforts to develop nonlinear robust control frameworks tailored for networked environments.This survey reviews the main progress in this area by examining three representative classes of nonlinear systems with distinct structural features:strict-feedback/pure-feedback systems,nonlinear systems with matched uncertainties,and feedback-linearizable systems.The specific ways in which network-induced phenomena destroy the structural premises of these control approaches are clarified,including interruptions of recursive chains in backstepping,violations of arrival and sliding conditions in sliding mode control,and distortions of state transformations in feedback linearization.The solution strategies proposed to address these challenges are then grouped and summarized according to their underlying mechanisms.Finally,key conclusions are drawn,and several potential research directions are outlined to guide future work on nonlinear control under network transmission constraints.
基金funded by the National Social Science Fund of China(Grant No.23FZXB053).
摘要The integration of the Linear Temporal Logic(LTL)in AI-based computational tree models is an effective form of formal verification of Artificial Intelligence systems.But classical model checking methods do not scale because of the state-space explosion.In this paper,we propose a novel data driven methodology backed by deep learning for efficient approximation of LTL model checking.The Temporal Convolutional Graph Network(TCGN)is a framework for deep learning that integrates graph neural networks with temporal logic in order to verify the behaviour of complex systems.We conduct experiments on synthetic and real-world datasets,showing that TCGN achieves an accuracy of 98%and outperforms traditional methods like NuSMV both in effectiveness instantaneous verification and efficiency.The TCGN can also achieve real time large scale AI system verification due to its strong robustness under adversarial perturbation.
摘要The Adomian decomposition method (ADM) can be used to solve a wide range of problems and usually gets the solution in a series form. In this paper, we propose two-step Adomian Decomposition Method (TSAM) for nonlinear integro-differential equations that will facilitate the calculations. In this modification, compared to the standard Adomian decomposition method, the size of calculations was reduced. This modification also avoids computing Adomian polynomials. Numerical results are given to show the efficiency and performance of this method.
基金the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2012AA011603)
摘要Linear scan computed tomography (LCT) is of great benefit to online industrial scanning and security inspection due to its characteristics of straight-line source trajectory and high scanning speed. However, in practical applications of LCT, there are challenges to image reconstruction due to limited-angle and insufficient data. In this paper, a new reconstruction algorithm based on total-variation (TV) minimization is developed to reconstruct images from limited-angle and insufficient data in LCT. The main idea of our approach is to reformulate a TV problem as a linear equality constrained problem where the objective function is separable, and then minimize its augmented Lagrangian function by using alternating direction method (ADM) to solve subproblems. The proposed method is robust and efficient in the task of reconstruction by showing the convergence of ADM. The numerical simulations and real data reconstructions show that the proposed reconstruction method brings reasonable performance and outperforms some previous ones when applied to an LCT imaging problem.