Ulcerative colitis(UC)is a chronic,non-specific inflammatory disorder of the intestines whose etiology is influenced by various factors.Intestinal barrier impairment due to disturbances in the intestinal microenvironm...Ulcerative colitis(UC)is a chronic,non-specific inflammatory disorder of the intestines whose etiology is influenced by various factors.Intestinal barrier impairment due to disturbances in the intestinal microenvironment is a key feature of UC.Current therapeutic strategies are constrained in their capacity to fully restore the intestinal barrier and achieve comprehensive resolution of inflammation in a coordinated manner.In this study,we constructed a pterostilbene(PSB)-loaded prebiotic microcapsule(PSB@MC)using a microfluidic electrospray method and characterized it using various means.Its safety,biodistribution,protective,and therapeutic effects on colitis were evaluated in various animal models.The potential mechanisms by which PSB@MC exerts its therapeutic effects were subsequently explored.The results indicated that PSB@MC exhibited favorable biocompatibility and facilitated targeted delivery of PSB to the colon.Moreover,the wrinkled morphology of PSB@MC contributed to prolonged drug retention in the colon.Oral PSB@MC administration restored intestinal microenvironment homeostasis by scavenging reactive oxygen species(ROS),decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokines,modulating gut microbiota and metabolism,and providing protective and therapeutic benefits against dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis.Additionally,our research demonstrated that PSB@MC could activate the aryl hydrocarbon receptor/interleukin-22(AHR/IL-22)pathway to enhance the integrity of the intestinal barrier.These results suggest that PSB@MC could be a new,secure,and efficient UC therapy option.展开更多
The preparation and functionalization of polymeric capsules attract intense attention due to their application in various areas.Herein we presented an amphiphilic alternating copolymer(ACP)-based microcapsule which is...The preparation and functionalization of polymeric capsules attract intense attention due to their application in various areas.Herein we presented an amphiphilic alternating copolymer(ACP)-based microcapsule which is both robust and readily-functionalized through interfacial click polymerization.A water-in-oil emulsion was constructed to act as the reaction medium,the hydrophilic 1,3-butadiene diepoxide(BDE)in water phase reacted with the oleophilic 1,4-dibutanedithiol(BDT)in oil phase at the water-oil interface to form the amphiphilic ACP named poly(2,3-dihydroxy butylene-alt-butylene dithioether)(abbreviated as P(DHB-a-BDT)below),which would deposite in situ to form the micro-sized capsules.Significantly,the dried capsules are robust enough to be rehydrated once the water was added and almost restored their original morphologies.Further elucidation showed that the Young's modulus of these capsules exceeded 1 GPa.As long as we know,it is the first time for the mechanical properties of the ACP-based microstructures being investigated.Besides,functionalization could be achieved simultaneously with the formation process.As a proof of concept,positive-charged capsules were successfully obtained through click copolymerization.Stemming from the unique characteristics of amphiphilic ACPs which combined both merits of click chemistry and interfacial reactions,all these features of the current method as well as the resultant capsules may promote the application of the polymeric capsules.展开更多
The controlled manipulation of surfactant concentration is essential for optimizing performance in numerous industrial applications,such as enhanced oil recovery in oil industry.However,encapsulating surfactants has p...The controlled manipulation of surfactant concentration is essential for optimizing performance in numerous industrial applications,such as enhanced oil recovery in oil industry.However,encapsulating surfactants has proven challenging due to their propensity to localize at interfaces.In this study,we use microfluidic technology to fabricate poly(ethylene glycol)diacrylate-based microcapsules for encapsulating small molecular cargoes through finely tuning the relationships among the interracial tensions of inner,middle and outer phases.These microcapsules show excellent retention by regulating the shell thickness and monomer content,releasing less than 47.2%over 49 d at 20℃.Upon oil contact,surfactant release is indicated by a contact angle decrease of 7.2°at 20℃ and 21.8°at 50℃within 48 h.The releases of nonionic Tween 80 and zwitterionic Betaine 1 calculated via surface tension in saline solutions at 80℃are reduced to as low as 8.2%within 48 h and 1.1%within 8 h.The pressure-induced release reaches 22.7%within 24 h under 15 MPa,significantly exceeding the impacts of temperature and salinity.Notably,even microcapsules with reduced eccentricity still demonstrate sustained-release behavior.Mechanical and degradation tests show that the sustained release is driven by the increase in pore size of the shell due to its gradual degradation.This tunable system offers a versatile platform for encapsulating and controlling the release of surfactants or other sensitive agents,ideal for harsh environmental applications requiring sustained functionality.展开更多
Magnetically responsive photonic crystal(MRPC)liquid exhibits fast magnetic responsiveness and dynamic color variation,but its fluidity limits practical applications.To overcome this challenge,Fe3O4@PVP MRPC is ...Magnetically responsive photonic crystal(MRPC)liquid exhibits fast magnetic responsiveness and dynamic color variation,but its fluidity limits practical applications.To overcome this challenge,Fe3O4@PVP MRPC is utilized to develop MRPC microcapsules with a polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)shell via droplet microfluidics.These microcapsules integrate excellent magnetochromism and durability.The microcapsules display fast magnetic response(<1 s)and wide spectral tunability(485-640 nm),allowing a broad colortuning range from blue to red under magnetic fields.Notably,the MRPC microcapsules demonstrate long-term stability for over 100 days in polar solvents and epoxy resin.Additionally,MRPC microcapsule-based patterns can achieve dynamic color displays by varying the magnetic field strength,viewing angle,and magnet shape,respectively.Due to their unique multimodal and dynamic color changing properties,MRPC microcapsules show significant potential in the anti-counterfeiting field.展开更多
In the drilling process of hydrates,hydrate decomposition and regeneration can cause wellbore collapse and plugging.Herein,phase change materials(PCMs)were introduced into the drilling fluids to regulate their tempera...In the drilling process of hydrates,hydrate decomposition and regeneration can cause wellbore collapse and plugging.Herein,phase change materials(PCMs)were introduced into the drilling fluids to regulate their temperature for controlling hydrate decomposition.The binary composite PCM and polymethyl methacrylate(PMMA)were used to prepare PCM microcapsules(PCMMs)by suspension polymerization.Basic characte ristics of PCMM we re studied,and its temperatu re-regulating effect,inhibitory perfo rmance on hydrate decomposition and regeneration,strength,and compatibility with drilling fluids were systematically investigated.The phase change temperature of the binary composite PCM could be regulated from 16 to 20℃through the optimization of the ratio of dodecanol and fatty alcohol.When the ratio of dodeca nol was 90%,the phase change temperatu re of PCMMs was 18℃with the enthalpy of 93.9 J·g-1.In the heating process from 16 to 22℃,5%and 8%PCMM could smartly cool down the suspension through phase change energy storage to prolong the temperature rise time by 40%and 74%,respectively.Under the condition that the fluid temperature is from 2℃around the seafloor to 25℃at the bottom of the well in a simulation drilling process,in the heating period,8%PCMM demonstrated superior efficacy compared to lecithin in prolonging the hydrate decomposition time by its cold release effect.In addition,the decrease in drilling fluid temperature was also hindered by the cold storage effect during the cooling stage,and the hydrate regeneration time was prolonged by 52.1%.Therefore,PCMM can reduce the risk of wellbore instability and plugging caused by hydrate decomposition and regeneration.Meanwhile,PCMMs exhibited good shearing strength and sealing property under alkaline conditions of drilling fluids and showed relatively minor impacts on the basic drilling fluid properties with a concentration of no mo re than8%.This study offers a new method to maintain the safety of the hydrate drilling wellbore.展开更多
Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)play a critical role in reducing carbon emissions in the automotive industry.However,they face challenges related to safety and performance failures.Smart technologies offer a promising solu...Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)play a critical role in reducing carbon emissions in the automotive industry.However,they face challenges related to safety and performance failures.Smart technologies offer a promising solution to address these issues.Bioinspired microcapsules are a common approach to enhancing the performance and safety of smart LIBs.However,despite their potential,this area has not been thoroughly explored.This review provides an overview of the preparation methods for microcapsules,including physical,chemical,and physicochemical techniques.These microcapsules are categorized based on their mechanisms into electrode self-healing burst microcapsules,interphase-forming sustained-release microcapsules,live-lithium sustained-release microcapsules,and flame-retardant burst microcapsules.A comprehensive analysis of their bioinspired design concepts,mechanisms,and performance is presented,along with the design criteria for microcapsules suitable for LIBs.Finally,the review explores the potential applications of microcapsule technologies in LIBs and their future trends,such as enhancing existing technologies for novel applications like solid-state batteries and developing new types of microcapsules.This review aims to provide a foundation for the implementation of microcapsule technologies in LIBs and to highlight the latest advancements in smart batteries.展开更多
A novel type of microcapsule-encapsulated corrosion inhibitor was prepared in a water-based solution with a pH range of 7-8,and it was applied to the composite organic coating of magnesium alloy plasma electrolytic ox...A novel type of microcapsule-encapsulated corrosion inhibitor was prepared in a water-based solution with a pH range of 7-8,and it was applied to the composite organic coating of magnesium alloy plasma electrolytic oxidation to enhance its corrosion resistance and self-healing properties.The morphology,chemical composition,structure,and functional properties of the composite coating were investigated by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),polarization curve,alternating current impedance,and salt immersion test.The experimental results showed that,after immersion in a 3.5 wt%NaCl solution for 12 h,the coating could effectively protect AZ91D from corrosion.When the coating was damaged,the exposed alloy surface would release metal ions in the corrosive environment and react with the corrosion inhibitor 8-hydroxyquinoline to form a Mg(8-HQ)2 chelate,exhibiting significant self-healing behavior.The study results demonstrate the broad application prospects of microcapsule technology in the coating field,providing new ideas for the development of efficient anti-corrosion coatings.展开更多
To address the inherent trade-off between mechanical strength and repair efficiency in conventional microcapsule-based self-healing technologies,this study presents an eggshell-inspired approach for fabricating high-l...To address the inherent trade-off between mechanical strength and repair efficiency in conventional microcapsule-based self-healing technologies,this study presents an eggshell-inspired approach for fabricating high-load rigid porous microcapsules(HLRPMs)through subcritical water etching.By optimizing the subcritical water treatment parameters(OH−concentration:0.031 mol/L,tem-perature:240°C,duration:1.5 h),nanoscale through-holes were generated on hollow glass microspheres(shell thickness≈700 nm).The subsequent gradient pressure infiltration of flaxseed oil enabled a record-high core content of 88.2%.Systematic investigations demonstrated that incorporating 3 wt%HLRPMs into epoxy resin composites preserved excellent dielectric properties(breakdown strength≥30 kV/mm)and enhanced tensile strength by 7.52%.In addressing multimodal damage,the system achieved a 95.5%filling efficiency for mechanical scratches,a 97.0%reduction in frictional damage depth,and a 96.2%recovery of insulation following electrical treeing.This biomimetic microcapsule system concurrently improved self-healing capability and matrix performance,offering a promising strategy for the development of next-generation smart insulating materials.展开更多
Orthodontic appliances are essential for dentofacial deformity corrections.However,orthodontic appliances inadvertently increase the risk of bacterial colonization and dental calculus formation,which may lead to denta...Orthodontic appliances are essential for dentofacial deformity corrections.However,orthodontic appliances inadvertently increase the risk of bacterial colonization and dental calculus formation,which may lead to dental caries and gingivitis.Herein,this study developed a pH-responsive antifouling coating by integrating a zwitterionic hydrogel(ZH)with pH-responsive microcapsules(PRMs)encapsulating bactericide,displaying excellent synergies of anti-bacteria and anti-calculus for orthodontic appliances.The excellent antifouling properties can be attributed to two following points:ZH provides anti-adhesion properties via electrostatically induced hydration layers,while the PRMs can kill bacteria by on-demand bactericide release under acidic conditions.Results demonstrated that ZH+PRMs coating significantly reduced bacterial adhesion and inhibited calculus formation while maintaining excellent biocompatibility.By optimizing PRMs concentrations(0–15 wt%),compared with ZH,the antibacterial efficiency of ZH+PRMs(optimal concentration 10 wt%)increased from 49.8%±7.3%to 95.2%±1.1%for E.coli and from 85.7%±3.5%to 91.3%±1.4%for S.mutans.Compared with pristine steel(SS),ZH+PRMs coating showed ca.97.0%reduction for calcium carbonate and ca.87.3%reduction for calcium phosphate.In an in vitro model,compared with SS,our coating extended the crystal biofilm inhibition effect from one day to five days.Therefore,this study can provide promising strategies for reducing the risk of dental caries and gingivitis during orthodontic treatment.展开更多
The self-healing properties of dual-component epoxy microcapsules are evaluated when incorporated into an epoxy coating.The performance of the coating was assessed under immersion in a saline solution,simulating seawa...The self-healing properties of dual-component epoxy microcapsules are evaluated when incorporated into an epoxy coating.The performance of the coating was assessed under immersion in a saline solution,simulating seawater conditions.Initially,synthesized microcapsules are incorporated into the epoxy coating.Then,the self-healing capabilities of the coating are studied under immersion using scanning vibrating electrode technique(SVET),open circuit potential(OCP),electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)and immersion corrosion test on coated samples with intentionally created artificial defects.The last three tests were conducted in a 3.5%NaCl solution.The adhesion of the coating is also studied by pull-off adhesion test.SVET analyses reveal lower ionic current densities in coated samples containing microcapsules during 24 h of immersion.EIS results demonstrate self-healing at the defect site for up to 12 h of immersion.After this time,the corrosion protection diminishes with prolonged immersion in the saline solution.Despite this,the coating with the microcapsules exhibits decrease in the corrosion process compared to the coating without the microcapsules.These results are consistent and complement the outcomes of the immersion tests conducted over 360 and 1056 h,which indicate that coated samples without microcapsules exhibit double the corroded areas around the scribes compared to coated samples containing the microcapsules.These findings offer a promising outlook for applying this coating on offshore carbon steel structures under immersion aiming for a longer lifetime with less maintenance intervention.展开更多
Objective:To develop a pectin and chitosan-based colon-targeted mi-crocapsule for paclitaxel(PTX)and evaluate its stability and drug release characteristics in an artificial simulated gastrointestinal environment.Meth...Objective:To develop a pectin and chitosan-based colon-targeted mi-crocapsule for paclitaxel(PTX)and evaluate its stability and drug release characteristics in an artificial simulated gastrointestinal environment.Methods:Pectin/chitosan dou-ble-polymer microcapsules(PCPM)were prepared using an ionic gelation method com-bined with spray-drying technology,with PTX as the model drug.The morphology and mechanical strength of the microcapsules were observed using a stereomicroscope,and the encapsulation efficiency and drug loading were determined.The drug release behav-ior and tolerance of the microcapsules were analyzed by simulating artificial gastric juice(pH1.2)and intestinal fluid(pH6.8)environments.Results:The average particle sizes of PPS(Note:Likely a typo in the original text;presumably a control sample such as pure pectin microcapsules)and PCPM microcapsules were(38±4)μm and(50±5)μm,respec-tively.The encapsulation efficiencies were 95.7%±1.0%and 86.2%±7.6%,and the drug loadings were 47.8%±0.5%and 43.1%±3.8%,respectively.The protection rate of PTX in PCPM microcapsules was significantly higher than that of the PTX standard in artifi-cial gastrointestinal fluid,reaching 67.0%±0.8%at 2 h.The total release rate in colonic fluid reached 91.0%±0.8%within 8 h,indicating that PCPM microcapsules achieve colon-specific drug release through enzymatic hydrolysis in the gastrointestinal tract.Conclusion:PCPM has good gastrointestinal tolerance and colon-targeted drug release performance,which is a new strategy for colon-targeted delivery of oral formulations of PTX.展开更多
Bone defects caused by trauma,tumor,or osteoarthritis remain challenging due to the lack of effective treatments in clinic.Stem cell transplantation has emerged as an alternative approach for bone repair and attracted...Bone defects caused by trauma,tumor,or osteoarthritis remain challenging due to the lack of effective treatments in clinic.Stem cell transplantation has emerged as an alternative approach for bone repair and attracted widespread attention owing to its excellent biological activities and therapy effect.The attempts to develop this therapeutic approach focus on the generation of effective cell delivery vehicles,since the shortcomings of direct injection of stem cells into target tissues.Here,we developed a novel core-shell microcapsule with a stem cell-laden core and a biomass shell by using all-aqueous phase microfluidic electrospray technology.The designed core-shell microcapsules showed a high cell viability during the culture procedure.In addition,the animal experiments exhibited that stem cell-laden core-shell microcapsules have good biocompatibility and therapeutic effect for bone defects.This study indicated that the core-shell biomass microcapsules generated by microfluidic electrospray have promising potential in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.展开更多
The flowability of five kinds of microencapsulation powders,with differentβ-carotene contents and by two alternative particle-forming technologies i.e.spray-drying and starch-catching beadlet technology,was meas- ure...The flowability of five kinds of microencapsulation powders,with differentβ-carotene contents and by two alternative particle-forming technologies i.e.spray-drying and starch-catching beadlet technology,was meas- ured.The actual flow properties of the five powders were compared based on bin-flow test,and three flow indexes (Hausner ratio,repose angle and flow index)were measured.It was found that the repose angle is the most suitable index to reflect the flowability of these powders for the particle properties would not be altered due to compaction or tapping during the measuring process.Particle size and particle size distribution play most important roles in the flowability of these granular materials,which was also influenced by other factors like shape,surface texture,sur- face roughness,etc.Microcapsules with wall material of gelatin and a layer of modified starch absorbed on the sur- face showed excellent flowabilities and good mechanical properties,and they are favorable for tabletting to supply β-carotene.展开更多
The stability of β-carotene microcapsules using Maillard reaction products(MRPs) derived from whey protein isolate(WPI) and galactose as coating materials, was studied under the varying environmental conditions o...The stability of β-carotene microcapsules using Maillard reaction products(MRPs) derived from whey protein isolate(WPI) and galactose as coating materials, was studied under the varying environmental conditions of temperature, pH, air, incandescent light, and ultraviolet(UV) light.Scanning electron microscopy showed that microcapsules prepared by WPI-galactose MRPs displayed a smooth and less concave-convex surface and that the particle size(D_(50)) of the microcapsules made with WPI-galactose MRPs was smaller than those made with WPI-galactose mixture.The storage stability of β-carotene microencapsulated in WPI-galactose MRPs was remarkably better than that of β-carotene microencapsulated in the WPI-galactose mixture and that of β-carotene crystal, in respect of temperature, pH, air, incandescent light, and UV light measurements.When the storage temperature was increased from 5 to 105 ℃, the retention rate of β-carotene microcapsules significantly decreased(P〈0.05).When p H values were increased from 1 to 12, the β-carotene retention rate of the microcapsules significantly increased and afterward decreased.Compared with the retention rate of β-carotene microencapsulated in a WPI-galactose mixture, the retention rate of β-carotene microencapsulated in WPI-galactose MRPs was at a maximum between pH 8 and 9.Under the actions of air, incandescent light, and UV light, the retention rates of β-carotene microcapsules in WPI-galactose MRPs and WPI-galactose mixture, as well as in β-carotene crystal, decreased significantly as the storage time increased(P〈0.05).Therefore, the use of WPI-galactose MRPs as coating materials can aid in improving the storage stability of β-carotene microcapsules.展开更多
For the purpose of overcoming the lack of durability problems associated with superhydrophobic surfaces which hitherto has limited their use;we prepared multi-stimuli wettability response coatings using a mixture of f...For the purpose of overcoming the lack of durability problems associated with superhydrophobic surfaces which hitherto has limited their use;we prepared multi-stimuli wettability response coatings using a mixture of fluorocarbon resin and urea-formaldehyde microcapsules filled with fluorosilane via interfacial polymerization process.The microcapsules are of good thermal stability and can be triggered to release their core content on exposure to atmospheric conditions resulting in the increase in the water contact angle from 97°to 151°.The prepared coatings gave good adhesion strength,and also showed an increase in the hydrophobic property after undergoing scratch,solvent and UV accelerated aging test.In addition,they offered good self-healing of the hydrophobic property after an initial loss due to alkaline immersion and oxygen plasma etching.The electrochemical measurements revealed a remarkable impedance recovery and suppression of corrosion activities,suggesting them to be a potential candidate material for corrosion protection.展开更多
A general and versatile strategy to prepare melamine-formaldehyde(MF)microcapsules encapsulating oil-based fragrances by combining solvent evaporation and in situ polymerization was proposed in this work.The oil-based...A general and versatile strategy to prepare melamine-formaldehyde(MF)microcapsules encapsulating oil-based fragrances by combining solvent evaporation and in situ polymerization was proposed in this work.The oil-based fragrance was pre-encapsulated by an inner polyacrylate membrane via solvent evaporation,followed by in situ polymerization of MF precondensates as an outer shell.The polyacrylate membrane is used as an intermediate bridging layer to stabilize the oil-based fragrance,and to provide driving forces for in situ polymerization of MF precondensates through electrostatic attractions between carboxyl groups and ammonium ions.It was demonstrated that MF microcapsules containing clove oil were prepared successfully.The amount and the composition of the intermediate polyacrylate bridging layer were critical.Smooth and sphere-shaped MF-clove oil microcapsules were prepared when the weight ratio of polyacrylate to clove oil was over 60 wt%and the concentration of acrylic acid(AA)increased to 10 wt%in polyacrylate.In addition,MF microcapsules containing sunflower oil and hexyl salicylate were prepared by using this method.The work suggests that this new approach can be potentially used to encapsulate various core materials,tuning the shell properties of microcapsules such as thickness,mechanical strength and release properties.展开更多
The microcapsules with cores of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid tetrasodium salt(Na4-EDTA)and walls of polyurea were synthesized via an interfacial polycondensation reaction with 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate as an oil-s...The microcapsules with cores of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid tetrasodium salt(Na4-EDTA)and walls of polyurea were synthesized via an interfacial polycondensation reaction with 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate as an oil-soluble monomer and diethyl triamine as a water-soluble monomer.Various manufacturing parameters,including the amount of emulsifier,agitation speed,stirring time and ratios of the wall materials to core materials,were altered to optimize process variables during the synthesis of microcapsules,and the effects of these parameters on the characteristics of the microcapsules were examined.The structure,morphology,mean particle size and size distribution were characterized by optical microscope and scanning electron microscopy(SEM),showing that the mean diameter of optimal microspheres was approximately 6μm,and microcapsules were spherical.In vitro release of Na4-EDTA from these microcapsules was performed in distilled water.Under the optimal preparation conditions, the Na4-EDTA release profiles were biphasic with a burst release followed by a gradual release phase.After an initial burst,a continuous Na4-EDTA release was up to 5-7 days.The optimal synthesis conditions for the microcapsules with stable,good morphology and good controlled-release properties were as follows:emulsifier Span-80 10% (by mass),agitation speed 900 r·min1,stirring time 30 min,and the ratio of the wall materials to core materials 0.15.展开更多
Since the conventional liquid-liquid extraction method suffered from a series of problems such as inefficiency of one stage extraction, vast device occupation and severe emulsification, we adopted microcapsule (MC) ...Since the conventional liquid-liquid extraction method suffered from a series of problems such as inefficiency of one stage extraction, vast device occupation and severe emulsification, we adopted microcapsule (MC) technique to change the former liq- uid-liquid extraction to liquid-solid extraction. Firstly, the piercing method was performed to prepare the empty polysulfone (PSF) microcapsules, which was easy to implement and control. Secondly, the ultrasonic approach was utilized to prepare the fimctional microcapsules containing 2-ethylhexylphosphonic acid mono-2-ethylhexyl ester (EHPNA). We focused on a key factor of the molar ratio of PSF over 1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP), attaining a loading ratio as high as 7.21 g-EHPNA/g-PSF. Thirdly, we examined the kinetics and thermodynamics of extraction. Kinetic results demonstrated that equilibrium was reached within two hours, with an extraction rate of Sm3+=Er3+〉La3+ Thermodynamic results showed that the extraction of lanthanides complied wi~ the Langmuir law, with an extraction capacity of 0.25~2.30 mmol/g-microcapsule. Fourthly, stripping experiment indicated that three hours were re- quired to accomplish equilibrium for La3+ and Sm3+ while longer hours for Er3+. Finally, seven extraction-stripping cyclic experiments were performed for three mixed elements, the results of which revealed that Sm3+ and Er3+ maintained constantly high extractiori amount whilst La3+ leveled off at approximately 50%. This proposed polysulfone microcapsule containing EHPNA is suitable to be applied to extraction and concentration of rare earth metals.展开更多
Microcapsules with chlorpyrifos cores and polyurea walls were synthesized with 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate as an oil-soluble monomer and ethylenediamine as a water-soluble monomer via an interracial polycondensation rea...Microcapsules with chlorpyrifos cores and polyurea walls were synthesized with 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate as an oil-soluble monomer and ethylenediamine as a water-soluble monomer via an interracial polycondensation reaction. The products were characterized by means of Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, ^13C NMR spectrometry and ^31p NMR spectrometry. The morphology, the particle size and the particle size distribution, and the thermal properties were also evaluated. The prepared microcapsules exhibit clear and smooth surfaces and have a mean diameter of 28. 13 μm. These microcapsules also have a good thermal stability for long-term use, and have potential applications in minimizing the toxicity of chlorpyrifos through controlled release.展开更多
Al-Si alloy,a high temperature phase change material,has great potential in thermal management due to its advantages of high heat storage density and thermal conductivity.Microencapsulation of Al-Si alloy is one of th...Al-Si alloy,a high temperature phase change material,has great potential in thermal management due to its advantages of high heat storage density and thermal conductivity.Microencapsulation of Al-Si alloy is one of the effective techniques to solve high temperature leakage and corrosion.In this paper,commercial Al-10Si alloy micro powders were encapsulated with flexible ceramic shells whose total thickness is below 1μm by hydrothermal treatment and heat treatment in N2 atmosphere.The compositions and microstructures were characterized by XRD,SEM and TEM.The shell was composed of AlN fibers network structure embedded withα-Al2O3/AlN which prevented the alloy from leaking and oxidizing,as well as had excellent thermal stability.The latent heat of microcapsules was 351.8 J g-1for absorption and 372.7 J g-1for exothermic.The microcapsules showed near zero thermal performance loss with latent heat storage(LHS)elease(LHR)was 353.2/403.7 J g-1after 3000 cycles.Compared with the published Al-Si alloy microcapsules,both high heat storage density and super thermal cycle stability were achieved,showing promising development prospects in high temperature thermal management.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC2406600)the Program for Innovation Team of Shaanxi Province(2021TD-23)+3 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(xtr052023008)the Young Talent Support Plan of Xi’an Jiaotong University(YX6J001)the Shaanxi Province Key Research and Development Program(2023-YBSF-072 and 2024JC-YBMS-664)the Xi’an Science and Technology Plan Project(24YXYJ0143)。
摘要Ulcerative colitis(UC)is a chronic,non-specific inflammatory disorder of the intestines whose etiology is influenced by various factors.Intestinal barrier impairment due to disturbances in the intestinal microenvironment is a key feature of UC.Current therapeutic strategies are constrained in their capacity to fully restore the intestinal barrier and achieve comprehensive resolution of inflammation in a coordinated manner.In this study,we constructed a pterostilbene(PSB)-loaded prebiotic microcapsule(PSB@MC)using a microfluidic electrospray method and characterized it using various means.Its safety,biodistribution,protective,and therapeutic effects on colitis were evaluated in various animal models.The potential mechanisms by which PSB@MC exerts its therapeutic effects were subsequently explored.The results indicated that PSB@MC exhibited favorable biocompatibility and facilitated targeted delivery of PSB to the colon.Moreover,the wrinkled morphology of PSB@MC contributed to prolonged drug retention in the colon.Oral PSB@MC administration restored intestinal microenvironment homeostasis by scavenging reactive oxygen species(ROS),decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokines,modulating gut microbiota and metabolism,and providing protective and therapeutic benefits against dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis.Additionally,our research demonstrated that PSB@MC could activate the aryl hydrocarbon receptor/interleukin-22(AHR/IL-22)pathway to enhance the integrity of the intestinal barrier.These results suggest that PSB@MC could be a new,secure,and efficient UC therapy option.
基金financially supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities(No.24D110627)。
摘要The preparation and functionalization of polymeric capsules attract intense attention due to their application in various areas.Herein we presented an amphiphilic alternating copolymer(ACP)-based microcapsule which is both robust and readily-functionalized through interfacial click polymerization.A water-in-oil emulsion was constructed to act as the reaction medium,the hydrophilic 1,3-butadiene diepoxide(BDE)in water phase reacted with the oleophilic 1,4-dibutanedithiol(BDT)in oil phase at the water-oil interface to form the amphiphilic ACP named poly(2,3-dihydroxy butylene-alt-butylene dithioether)(abbreviated as P(DHB-a-BDT)below),which would deposite in situ to form the micro-sized capsules.Significantly,the dried capsules are robust enough to be rehydrated once the water was added and almost restored their original morphologies.Further elucidation showed that the Young's modulus of these capsules exceeded 1 GPa.As long as we know,it is the first time for the mechanical properties of the ACP-based microstructures being investigated.Besides,functionalization could be achieved simultaneously with the formation process.As a proof of concept,positive-charged capsules were successfully obtained through click copolymerization.Stemming from the unique characteristics of amphiphilic ACPs which combined both merits of click chemistry and interfacial reactions,all these features of the current method as well as the resultant capsules may promote the application of the polymeric capsules.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China Project(ZX20210340)National Talent Support Project(ZX20220351)+2 种基金Shandong Province Innovative Team and Talent Project(ZX20230148)Research start-up funding projects of China University of Petroleum(East China)(20210085)for financial supportsupport from the Department of Oil and Gas Field Chemistry,School of Petroleum Engineering,China University of Petroleum(East China)is also appreciated。
摘要The controlled manipulation of surfactant concentration is essential for optimizing performance in numerous industrial applications,such as enhanced oil recovery in oil industry.However,encapsulating surfactants has proven challenging due to their propensity to localize at interfaces.In this study,we use microfluidic technology to fabricate poly(ethylene glycol)diacrylate-based microcapsules for encapsulating small molecular cargoes through finely tuning the relationships among the interracial tensions of inner,middle and outer phases.These microcapsules show excellent retention by regulating the shell thickness and monomer content,releasing less than 47.2%over 49 d at 20℃.Upon oil contact,surfactant release is indicated by a contact angle decrease of 7.2°at 20℃ and 21.8°at 50℃within 48 h.The releases of nonionic Tween 80 and zwitterionic Betaine 1 calculated via surface tension in saline solutions at 80℃are reduced to as low as 8.2%within 48 h and 1.1%within 8 h.The pressure-induced release reaches 22.7%within 24 h under 15 MPa,significantly exceeding the impacts of temperature and salinity.Notably,even microcapsules with reduced eccentricity still demonstrate sustained-release behavior.Mechanical and degradation tests show that the sustained release is driven by the increase in pore size of the shell due to its gradual degradation.This tunable system offers a versatile platform for encapsulating and controlling the release of surfactants or other sensitive agents,ideal for harsh environmental applications requiring sustained functionality.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51573144)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(SKLWTU:2025-ZD-4)603。
摘要Magnetically responsive photonic crystal(MRPC)liquid exhibits fast magnetic responsiveness and dynamic color variation,but its fluidity limits practical applications.To overcome this challenge,Fe3O4@PVP MRPC is utilized to develop MRPC microcapsules with a polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)shell via droplet microfluidics.These microcapsules integrate excellent magnetochromism and durability.The microcapsules display fast magnetic response(<1 s)and wide spectral tunability(485-640 nm),allowing a broad colortuning range from blue to red under magnetic fields.Notably,the MRPC microcapsules demonstrate long-term stability for over 100 days in polar solvents and epoxy resin.Additionally,MRPC microcapsule-based patterns can achieve dynamic color displays by varying the magnetic field strength,viewing angle,and magnet shape,respectively.Due to their unique multimodal and dynamic color changing properties,MRPC microcapsules show significant potential in the anti-counterfeiting field.
基金supported by the Oil&Gas Major Project of China(2025ZD1403200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52474024)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(25CX02026A)。
摘要In the drilling process of hydrates,hydrate decomposition and regeneration can cause wellbore collapse and plugging.Herein,phase change materials(PCMs)were introduced into the drilling fluids to regulate their temperature for controlling hydrate decomposition.The binary composite PCM and polymethyl methacrylate(PMMA)were used to prepare PCM microcapsules(PCMMs)by suspension polymerization.Basic characte ristics of PCMM we re studied,and its temperatu re-regulating effect,inhibitory perfo rmance on hydrate decomposition and regeneration,strength,and compatibility with drilling fluids were systematically investigated.The phase change temperature of the binary composite PCM could be regulated from 16 to 20℃through the optimization of the ratio of dodecanol and fatty alcohol.When the ratio of dodeca nol was 90%,the phase change temperatu re of PCMMs was 18℃with the enthalpy of 93.9 J·g-1.In the heating process from 16 to 22℃,5%and 8%PCMM could smartly cool down the suspension through phase change energy storage to prolong the temperature rise time by 40%and 74%,respectively.Under the condition that the fluid temperature is from 2℃around the seafloor to 25℃at the bottom of the well in a simulation drilling process,in the heating period,8%PCMM demonstrated superior efficacy compared to lecithin in prolonging the hydrate decomposition time by its cold release effect.In addition,the decrease in drilling fluid temperature was also hindered by the cold storage effect during the cooling stage,and the hydrate regeneration time was prolonged by 52.1%.Therefore,PCMM can reduce the risk of wellbore instability and plugging caused by hydrate decomposition and regeneration.Meanwhile,PCMMs exhibited good shearing strength and sealing property under alkaline conditions of drilling fluids and showed relatively minor impacts on the basic drilling fluid properties with a concentration of no mo re than8%.This study offers a new method to maintain the safety of the hydrate drilling wellbore.
基金supported by the Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Development Plan Project(No.20220508003RC)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52202440,52003012)。
摘要Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)play a critical role in reducing carbon emissions in the automotive industry.However,they face challenges related to safety and performance failures.Smart technologies offer a promising solution to address these issues.Bioinspired microcapsules are a common approach to enhancing the performance and safety of smart LIBs.However,despite their potential,this area has not been thoroughly explored.This review provides an overview of the preparation methods for microcapsules,including physical,chemical,and physicochemical techniques.These microcapsules are categorized based on their mechanisms into electrode self-healing burst microcapsules,interphase-forming sustained-release microcapsules,live-lithium sustained-release microcapsules,and flame-retardant burst microcapsules.A comprehensive analysis of their bioinspired design concepts,mechanisms,and performance is presented,along with the design criteria for microcapsules suitable for LIBs.Finally,the review explores the potential applications of microcapsule technologies in LIBs and their future trends,such as enhancing existing technologies for novel applications like solid-state batteries and developing new types of microcapsules.This review aims to provide a foundation for the implementation of microcapsule technologies in LIBs and to highlight the latest advancements in smart batteries.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52271066)Basic Research and Innovation Project for Vehicle Power+1 种基金Key Project of"Two-Chain Integration"in Shaanxi Province(No.2023-LL-QY-33-3)Xi'an Key Laboratory of Corrosion Protection and Functional Coating Technology for Military and Civil Light Alloy and Key Project of Shaanxi Natural Science Foundation Research Program(No.2021JZ-54)。
摘要A novel type of microcapsule-encapsulated corrosion inhibitor was prepared in a water-based solution with a pH range of 7-8,and it was applied to the composite organic coating of magnesium alloy plasma electrolytic oxidation to enhance its corrosion resistance and self-healing properties.The morphology,chemical composition,structure,and functional properties of the composite coating were investigated by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),polarization curve,alternating current impedance,and salt immersion test.The experimental results showed that,after immersion in a 3.5 wt%NaCl solution for 12 h,the coating could effectively protect AZ91D from corrosion.When the coating was damaged,the exposed alloy surface would release metal ions in the corrosive environment and react with the corrosion inhibitor 8-hydroxyquinoline to form a Mg(8-HQ)2 chelate,exhibiting significant self-healing behavior.The study results demonstrate the broad application prospects of microcapsule technology in the coating field,providing new ideas for the development of efficient anti-corrosion coatings.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52377133 and 52077014)the Youth Talent Support Program of Chongqing(CQYC2021058945)the General Program of the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing Municipality(CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX0444).
摘要To address the inherent trade-off between mechanical strength and repair efficiency in conventional microcapsule-based self-healing technologies,this study presents an eggshell-inspired approach for fabricating high-load rigid porous microcapsules(HLRPMs)through subcritical water etching.By optimizing the subcritical water treatment parameters(OH−concentration:0.031 mol/L,tem-perature:240°C,duration:1.5 h),nanoscale through-holes were generated on hollow glass microspheres(shell thickness≈700 nm).The subsequent gradient pressure infiltration of flaxseed oil enabled a record-high core content of 88.2%.Systematic investigations demonstrated that incorporating 3 wt%HLRPMs into epoxy resin composites preserved excellent dielectric properties(breakdown strength≥30 kV/mm)and enhanced tensile strength by 7.52%.In addressing multimodal damage,the system achieved a 95.5%filling efficiency for mechanical scratches,a 97.0%reduction in frictional damage depth,and a 96.2%recovery of insulation following electrical treeing.This biomimetic microcapsule system concurrently improved self-healing capability and matrix performance,offering a promising strategy for the development of next-generation smart insulating materials.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51973003 and 22275203)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.JQ23008)。
摘要Orthodontic appliances are essential for dentofacial deformity corrections.However,orthodontic appliances inadvertently increase the risk of bacterial colonization and dental calculus formation,which may lead to dental caries and gingivitis.Herein,this study developed a pH-responsive antifouling coating by integrating a zwitterionic hydrogel(ZH)with pH-responsive microcapsules(PRMs)encapsulating bactericide,displaying excellent synergies of anti-bacteria and anti-calculus for orthodontic appliances.The excellent antifouling properties can be attributed to two following points:ZH provides anti-adhesion properties via electrostatically induced hydration layers,while the PRMs can kill bacteria by on-demand bactericide release under acidic conditions.Results demonstrated that ZH+PRMs coating significantly reduced bacterial adhesion and inhibited calculus formation while maintaining excellent biocompatibility.By optimizing PRMs concentrations(0–15 wt%),compared with ZH,the antibacterial efficiency of ZH+PRMs(optimal concentration 10 wt%)increased from 49.8%±7.3%to 95.2%±1.1%for E.coli and from 85.7%±3.5%to 91.3%±1.4%for S.mutans.Compared with pristine steel(SS),ZH+PRMs coating showed ca.97.0%reduction for calcium carbonate and ca.87.3%reduction for calcium phosphate.In an in vitro model,compared with SS,our coating extended the crystal biofilm inhibition effect from one day to five days.Therefore,this study can provide promising strategies for reducing the risk of dental caries and gingivitis during orthodontic treatment.
基金supported by CAPES scholarship-Brazil Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel(No.88887.507764/2020-00)]by CNPq-Brazil National Council of Technological and Scientific Development(No.308564/2023-5).
摘要The self-healing properties of dual-component epoxy microcapsules are evaluated when incorporated into an epoxy coating.The performance of the coating was assessed under immersion in a saline solution,simulating seawater conditions.Initially,synthesized microcapsules are incorporated into the epoxy coating.Then,the self-healing capabilities of the coating are studied under immersion using scanning vibrating electrode technique(SVET),open circuit potential(OCP),electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)and immersion corrosion test on coated samples with intentionally created artificial defects.The last three tests were conducted in a 3.5%NaCl solution.The adhesion of the coating is also studied by pull-off adhesion test.SVET analyses reveal lower ionic current densities in coated samples containing microcapsules during 24 h of immersion.EIS results demonstrate self-healing at the defect site for up to 12 h of immersion.After this time,the corrosion protection diminishes with prolonged immersion in the saline solution.Despite this,the coating with the microcapsules exhibits decrease in the corrosion process compared to the coating without the microcapsules.These results are consistent and complement the outcomes of the immersion tests conducted over 360 and 1056 h,which indicate that coated samples without microcapsules exhibit double the corroded areas around the scribes compared to coated samples containing the microcapsules.These findings offer a promising outlook for applying this coating on offshore carbon steel structures under immersion aiming for a longer lifetime with less maintenance intervention.
摘要Objective:To develop a pectin and chitosan-based colon-targeted mi-crocapsule for paclitaxel(PTX)and evaluate its stability and drug release characteristics in an artificial simulated gastrointestinal environment.Methods:Pectin/chitosan dou-ble-polymer microcapsules(PCPM)were prepared using an ionic gelation method com-bined with spray-drying technology,with PTX as the model drug.The morphology and mechanical strength of the microcapsules were observed using a stereomicroscope,and the encapsulation efficiency and drug loading were determined.The drug release behav-ior and tolerance of the microcapsules were analyzed by simulating artificial gastric juice(pH1.2)and intestinal fluid(pH6.8)environments.Results:The average particle sizes of PPS(Note:Likely a typo in the original text;presumably a control sample such as pure pectin microcapsules)and PCPM microcapsules were(38±4)μm and(50±5)μm,respec-tively.The encapsulation efficiencies were 95.7%±1.0%and 86.2%±7.6%,and the drug loadings were 47.8%±0.5%and 43.1%±3.8%,respectively.The protection rate of PTX in PCPM microcapsules was significantly higher than that of the PTX standard in artifi-cial gastrointestinal fluid,reaching 67.0%±0.8%at 2 h.The total release rate in colonic fluid reached 91.0%±0.8%within 8 h,indicating that PCPM microcapsules achieve colon-specific drug release through enzymatic hydrolysis in the gastrointestinal tract.Conclusion:PCPM has good gastrointestinal tolerance and colon-targeted drug release performance,which is a new strategy for colon-targeted delivery of oral formulations of PTX.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFA0908200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52073060 and 61927805)the Shenzhen Fundamental Research Program(JCYJ20190813152616459).
摘要Bone defects caused by trauma,tumor,or osteoarthritis remain challenging due to the lack of effective treatments in clinic.Stem cell transplantation has emerged as an alternative approach for bone repair and attracted widespread attention owing to its excellent biological activities and therapy effect.The attempts to develop this therapeutic approach focus on the generation of effective cell delivery vehicles,since the shortcomings of direct injection of stem cells into target tissues.Here,we developed a novel core-shell microcapsule with a stem cell-laden core and a biomass shell by using all-aqueous phase microfluidic electrospray technology.The designed core-shell microcapsules showed a high cell viability during the culture procedure.In addition,the animal experiments exhibited that stem cell-laden core-shell microcapsules have good biocompatibility and therapeutic effect for bone defects.This study indicated that the core-shell biomass microcapsules generated by microfluidic electrospray have promising potential in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
基金Supported by the National-Natural Science Foundation of China (No.20576118) and National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program, No.2006AA02Z210).
摘要The flowability of five kinds of microencapsulation powders,with differentβ-carotene contents and by two alternative particle-forming technologies i.e.spray-drying and starch-catching beadlet technology,was meas- ured.The actual flow properties of the five powders were compared based on bin-flow test,and three flow indexes (Hausner ratio,repose angle and flow index)were measured.It was found that the repose angle is the most suitable index to reflect the flowability of these powders for the particle properties would not be altered due to compaction or tapping during the measuring process.Particle size and particle size distribution play most important roles in the flowability of these granular materials,which was also influenced by other factors like shape,surface texture,sur- face roughness,etc.Microcapsules with wall material of gelatin and a layer of modified starch absorbed on the sur- face showed excellent flowabilities and good mechanical properties,and they are favorable for tabletting to supply β-carotene.
基金Project supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province of China(No.C2017029)the Academic Research Program of Northeast Agricultural University(No.16XG21)the National“Twelfth Five-Year”Plan for Science and Technology Support Program of China(No.2013BAD18B06)
摘要The stability of β-carotene microcapsules using Maillard reaction products(MRPs) derived from whey protein isolate(WPI) and galactose as coating materials, was studied under the varying environmental conditions of temperature, pH, air, incandescent light, and ultraviolet(UV) light.Scanning electron microscopy showed that microcapsules prepared by WPI-galactose MRPs displayed a smooth and less concave-convex surface and that the particle size(D_(50)) of the microcapsules made with WPI-galactose MRPs was smaller than those made with WPI-galactose mixture.The storage stability of β-carotene microencapsulated in WPI-galactose MRPs was remarkably better than that of β-carotene microencapsulated in the WPI-galactose mixture and that of β-carotene crystal, in respect of temperature, pH, air, incandescent light, and UV light measurements.When the storage temperature was increased from 5 to 105 ℃, the retention rate of β-carotene microcapsules significantly decreased(P〈0.05).When p H values were increased from 1 to 12, the β-carotene retention rate of the microcapsules significantly increased and afterward decreased.Compared with the retention rate of β-carotene microencapsulated in a WPI-galactose mixture, the retention rate of β-carotene microencapsulated in WPI-galactose MRPs was at a maximum between pH 8 and 9.Under the actions of air, incandescent light, and UV light, the retention rates of β-carotene microcapsules in WPI-galactose MRPs and WPI-galactose mixture, as well as in β-carotene crystal, decreased significantly as the storage time increased(P〈0.05).Therefore, the use of WPI-galactose MRPs as coating materials can aid in improving the storage stability of β-carotene microcapsules.
基金financial support from the Shenyang Science and Technology Plan Project(Y17-1-039)。
摘要For the purpose of overcoming the lack of durability problems associated with superhydrophobic surfaces which hitherto has limited their use;we prepared multi-stimuli wettability response coatings using a mixture of fluorocarbon resin and urea-formaldehyde microcapsules filled with fluorosilane via interfacial polymerization process.The microcapsules are of good thermal stability and can be triggered to release their core content on exposure to atmospheric conditions resulting in the increase in the water contact angle from 97°to 151°.The prepared coatings gave good adhesion strength,and also showed an increase in the hydrophobic property after undergoing scratch,solvent and UV accelerated aging test.In addition,they offered good self-healing of the hydrophobic property after an initial loss due to alkaline immersion and oxygen plasma etching.The electrochemical measurements revealed a remarkable impedance recovery and suppression of corrosion activities,suggesting them to be a potential candidate material for corrosion protection.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21466016,21577053)the Natural Science Foundation of Yunnan Province(2016FB024).
摘要A general and versatile strategy to prepare melamine-formaldehyde(MF)microcapsules encapsulating oil-based fragrances by combining solvent evaporation and in situ polymerization was proposed in this work.The oil-based fragrance was pre-encapsulated by an inner polyacrylate membrane via solvent evaporation,followed by in situ polymerization of MF precondensates as an outer shell.The polyacrylate membrane is used as an intermediate bridging layer to stabilize the oil-based fragrance,and to provide driving forces for in situ polymerization of MF precondensates through electrostatic attractions between carboxyl groups and ammonium ions.It was demonstrated that MF microcapsules containing clove oil were prepared successfully.The amount and the composition of the intermediate polyacrylate bridging layer were critical.Smooth and sphere-shaped MF-clove oil microcapsules were prepared when the weight ratio of polyacrylate to clove oil was over 60 wt%and the concentration of acrylic acid(AA)increased to 10 wt%in polyacrylate.In addition,MF microcapsules containing sunflower oil and hexyl salicylate were prepared by using this method.The work suggests that this new approach can be potentially used to encapsulate various core materials,tuning the shell properties of microcapsules such as thickness,mechanical strength and release properties.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30571117) the Important Sci-Tech Special Project of Guangdong Province China(2006A36703004 2008A030202004)
摘要The microcapsules with cores of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid tetrasodium salt(Na4-EDTA)and walls of polyurea were synthesized via an interfacial polycondensation reaction with 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate as an oil-soluble monomer and diethyl triamine as a water-soluble monomer.Various manufacturing parameters,including the amount of emulsifier,agitation speed,stirring time and ratios of the wall materials to core materials,were altered to optimize process variables during the synthesis of microcapsules,and the effects of these parameters on the characteristics of the microcapsules were examined.The structure,morphology,mean particle size and size distribution were characterized by optical microscope and scanning electron microscopy(SEM),showing that the mean diameter of optimal microspheres was approximately 6μm,and microcapsules were spherical.In vitro release of Na4-EDTA from these microcapsules was performed in distilled water.Under the optimal preparation conditions, the Na4-EDTA release profiles were biphasic with a burst release followed by a gradual release phase.After an initial burst,a continuous Na4-EDTA release was up to 5-7 days.The optimal synthesis conditions for the microcapsules with stable,good morphology and good controlled-release properties were as follows:emulsifier Span-80 10% (by mass),agitation speed 900 r·min1,stirring time 30 min,and the ratio of the wall materials to core materials 0.15.
基金supported by the National Key Basic Research Program of China(2012CBA01203)the Specialized Research Fund for Doctoral Program of Higher Education of Ministry of Education of China(20130002110018)
摘要Since the conventional liquid-liquid extraction method suffered from a series of problems such as inefficiency of one stage extraction, vast device occupation and severe emulsification, we adopted microcapsule (MC) technique to change the former liq- uid-liquid extraction to liquid-solid extraction. Firstly, the piercing method was performed to prepare the empty polysulfone (PSF) microcapsules, which was easy to implement and control. Secondly, the ultrasonic approach was utilized to prepare the fimctional microcapsules containing 2-ethylhexylphosphonic acid mono-2-ethylhexyl ester (EHPNA). We focused on a key factor of the molar ratio of PSF over 1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP), attaining a loading ratio as high as 7.21 g-EHPNA/g-PSF. Thirdly, we examined the kinetics and thermodynamics of extraction. Kinetic results demonstrated that equilibrium was reached within two hours, with an extraction rate of Sm3+=Er3+〉La3+ Thermodynamic results showed that the extraction of lanthanides complied wi~ the Langmuir law, with an extraction capacity of 0.25~2.30 mmol/g-microcapsule. Fourthly, stripping experiment indicated that three hours were re- quired to accomplish equilibrium for La3+ and Sm3+ while longer hours for Er3+. Finally, seven extraction-stripping cyclic experiments were performed for three mixed elements, the results of which revealed that Sm3+ and Er3+ maintained constantly high extractiori amount whilst La3+ leveled off at approximately 50%. This proposed polysulfone microcapsule containing EHPNA is suitable to be applied to extraction and concentration of rare earth metals.
摘要Microcapsules with chlorpyrifos cores and polyurea walls were synthesized with 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate as an oil-soluble monomer and ethylenediamine as a water-soluble monomer via an interracial polycondensation reaction. The products were characterized by means of Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, ^13C NMR spectrometry and ^31p NMR spectrometry. The morphology, the particle size and the particle size distribution, and the thermal properties were also evaluated. The prepared microcapsules exhibit clear and smooth surfaces and have a mean diameter of 28. 13 μm. These microcapsules also have a good thermal stability for long-term use, and have potential applications in minimizing the toxicity of chlorpyrifos through controlled release.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52072276)Hubei Important Project on Science and Technology(No.2022BECO20).
摘要Al-Si alloy,a high temperature phase change material,has great potential in thermal management due to its advantages of high heat storage density and thermal conductivity.Microencapsulation of Al-Si alloy is one of the effective techniques to solve high temperature leakage and corrosion.In this paper,commercial Al-10Si alloy micro powders were encapsulated with flexible ceramic shells whose total thickness is below 1μm by hydrothermal treatment and heat treatment in N2 atmosphere.The compositions and microstructures were characterized by XRD,SEM and TEM.The shell was composed of AlN fibers network structure embedded withα-Al2O3/AlN which prevented the alloy from leaking and oxidizing,as well as had excellent thermal stability.The latent heat of microcapsules was 351.8 J g-1for absorption and 372.7 J g-1for exothermic.The microcapsules showed near zero thermal performance loss with latent heat storage(LHS)elease(LHR)was 353.2/403.7 J g-1after 3000 cycles.Compared with the published Al-Si alloy microcapsules,both high heat storage density and super thermal cycle stability were achieved,showing promising development prospects in high temperature thermal management.