The recycling and remanufacturing of end-of-life products are significant for environmental protection and resource conservation.Disassembly is an essential process of remanufacturing end-of-life products.Effective di...The recycling and remanufacturing of end-of-life products are significant for environmental protection and resource conservation.Disassembly is an essential process of remanufacturing end-of-life products.Effective disassembly plans help improve disassembly efficiency and reduce disassembly costs.This paper studies a disassembly planning problem with operation attributes,in which an integrated decision of the disassembly sequence,disassembly directions,and disassembly tools are made.Besides,a mathematical model is formulated with the objective of minimizing the penalty cost caused by the changing of operation attributes.Then,a neighborhood modularization-based artificial bee colony algorithm is developed,which contains a modular optimized design.Finally,two case studies with different scales and complexities are used to verify the performance of the proposed approach,and experimental results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the two existing methods within an acceptable computational time.展开更多
Underwater explosion impulsive loading would not only cause serious damage to ship structure,but also influence the shock resistance of cabin structure.In this paper,based on Duha Man integral theory,the idea of cabin...Underwater explosion impulsive loading would not only cause serious damage to ship structure,but also influence the shock resistance of cabin structure.In this paper,based on Duha Man integral theory,the idea of cabin structure about isolation vibration based on modularization design was presented,which can improve the shock resistance of existing cabins.The shock resistance analysis of the modularization cabin about connection pattern by bolt,single-layer,double-layer and floating raft system of vibration isolation is carried out.The results showed that the shock resistance of bolt is the worst and floating raft is relatively superior above all.展开更多
Based on the requirements of applying information technology to reform the traditional fashion industry,the method of fashion merchandising management in some medium-sized enterprises is discussed. By analyzing the ac...Based on the requirements of applying information technology to reform the traditional fashion industry,the method of fashion merchandising management in some medium-sized enterprises is discussed. By analyzing the actual domestic fashion industry environment, ideal model that could quickly respond to the market's changes is proposed which includes naming brand, target-market position, circumstances analysis and popularity anticipation, brand concept and style setting, fashion design, fashion category component, and sale strategy.展开更多
In the Anyue Gasfield,Sichuan Basin,the Lower Cambrian Longwangmiao Fm gas reservoir in Moxi Block has enormous natural gas reserves,and it is a typical three-high(high temperature,high pressure,and high flow rate)sou...In the Anyue Gasfield,Sichuan Basin,the Lower Cambrian Longwangmiao Fm gas reservoir in Moxi Block has enormous natural gas reserves,and it is a typical three-high(high temperature,high pressure,and high flow rate)sour gas field.Its ground engineering project(with the designed gas processing capacity of 60×108m2/a)is characterized by high processing rate of each unit,complex process control,large construction load,restricted construction site and tight schedule.Based on the traditional engineering construction mode,however,it is difficult to complete the project design and construction within 16 months.In view of this,the design concept of unit large-scale modularization was introduced to implement“normalized design,scale purchase,factory-like prefabrication and modularized construction”and develop the modularization technology of large-scale surface engineering construction.This modularizationtechnology is performed as follows.First,the modularized units are laid out reasonably according to the technological process.Second,the layout of modularized units is usually super-imposed in the multi-layer framework.Third,those equipments with the same or similar operational modes,medium properties,functional characteristics and installation requirements are concentrated in the pattem of a module.Fourth,escape passageway is specially set up.Fifth,room for installation,maintenance and repair of large equipments is reserved.And sixth,transportation and hoisting requirements of modules are taken into consideration sufficiently.This technology is contributive to the improvement of design quality,effective shortening of design period,reduction of field working load,decrease of safety management risk of on-site installation,increase of production efficiency,conservation of land occupation and diminishment of construction investment.It plays a reference role in the modularized construction of surface engineering of similar large projects.展开更多
In biology, signal transduction refers to a process by which a cell converts one kind of signal or stimulus into another. It involves ordered sequences of biochemical reactions inside the cell. These cascades of react...In biology, signal transduction refers to a process by which a cell converts one kind of signal or stimulus into another. It involves ordered sequences of biochemical reactions inside the cell. These cascades of reactions are carried out by enzymes and activated by second messengers. Signal transduction pathways are complex in nature. Each pathway is responsible for tuning one or more biological functions in the intracellular environment as well as more than one pathway interact among themselves to carry forward a single biological function. Such kind of behavior of these pathways makes understanding difficult. Hence, for the sake of simplicity, they need to be partitioned into smaller modules and then analyzed. We took VEGF signaling pathway, which is responsible for angiogenesis for this kind of modularized study. Modules were obtained by applying the algorithm of Nayak and De (Nayak and De, 2007) for different complexity values. These sets of modules were compared among themselves to get the best set of modules for an optimal complexity value. The best set of modules compared with four different partitioning algorithms namely, Farhat’s (Farhat, 1998), Greedy (Chartrand and Oellermann, 1993), Kernighan-Lin’s (Kernighan and Lin, 1970) and Newman’s community finding algorithm (Newman, 2006). These comparisons enabled us to decide which of the aforementioned algorithms was the best one to create partitions from human VEGF signaling pathway. The optimal complexity value, on which the best set of modules was obtained, was used to get modules from different species for comparative study. Comparison among these modules would shed light on the trend of development of VEGF signaling pathway over these species.展开更多
The level of automation in the manufacture of recreational aluminum boats is very low. Robotized welding is rarely utilized, although it is commonly considered as the most effective way to reduce costs and increase co...The level of automation in the manufacture of recreational aluminum boats is very low. Robotized welding is rarely utilized, although it is commonly considered as the most effective way to reduce costs and increase competitiveness. A reason for the under-exploitation of robotics can be found in the construction of aluminum boats;boat models and their detailed structures are almost without exception individual pieces. A new stiffener structure for an aluminum recreational boat hull is developed in this work. Construction of the stiffener as a module allows exploitation of the advantages of modularization. The number of different parts is reduced and the structure simplified improves the applicability of robotic welding and provides benefits accruing from mass production. The same module can be used in several boat models. The modularity also makes it possible to use the same advanced robot welding fixture for a variety of boat models.展开更多
In this paper, the teaching of course Three-dimensional Animation Foundation is designed mainly based on teaching content modularization and scaffolding teaching model. The modularized content design for Three-dimensi...In this paper, the teaching of course Three-dimensional Animation Foundation is designed mainly based on teaching content modularization and scaffolding teaching model. The modularized content design for Three-dimensional Animation Foundation is specifically expounded, and also the ideas for developing the scaffolding teaching model are analyzed. How to integrate the scaffolding teaching model into course teaching is introduced in details. Finally, new methods for guiding students to think independently in course teaching and improve students' self-awareness and self-learning ability are proposed.展开更多
Rural dwelling is a significant part of rural architecture,serving not only as a place for residents to live and conduct a variety of activities,such as agricultural work and gathering,but also as a representation of ...Rural dwelling is a significant part of rural architecture,serving not only as a place for residents to live and conduct a variety of activities,such as agricultural work and gathering,but also as a representation of local history and culture.However,rural residents usually lack professional guidance when constructing houses,and their requirements for dwellings are not fully consistent with local policies.In this paper,a systematic design method based on modularization and customization was proposed,which can satisfy the residential needs within the constraints of the policy,and protect the continuity of the architectural culture while enhancing the living comfort.With the current situation of the settlement analyzed and the residents being researched,the modularization and customization designing approach was adopted to develop a flexible atlas of house types that can fulfill various demands of the residents.This method was initially applied to the Longchi area in Nanjing,China,which was highly recognized by local residents,providing a new strategy for future rural settlement planning and dwelling design.展开更多
Old-age building was designed in Ziwu Town,from the aspects of energy saving,environmental protection,full use of solar energy and characteristics of the local climate.In order to meet the requirements of energy conse...Old-age building was designed in Ziwu Town,from the aspects of energy saving,environmental protection,full use of solar energy and characteristics of the local climate.In order to meet the requirements of energy conservation,environmental protection and climate adaptability of residential buildings,this paper integrates the construction and design in the prefabricated building design,at the same time,with the consideration of the possibility of expansion and removal of the nursing home,the concept of "modular unit" is put forward.Considering the climatic adaptability of the base position,the utilization of solar energy and the organization of natural ventilation should be paid attention to,also,the rammed soil construction method is added in this design,which can improve the thermal insulation performance of the building enclosure and create a comfortable indoor thermal environment both in winter and summer.In order to realize the object of industrial building construction and design,the prefabricated construction method is used,which produces impact on the surrounding environment more environmentally friendly.The building will be easily built,less restricted,and low-cost.What's more,local material and the advantages of all dry work increase the operability of the project.展开更多
In the view of the comparison of Mass Customization ( MC) with Mass Production and Customization Production, the objectives of MC are analyzed. It is pointed out that the core objectives of MC are to realize in dividu...In the view of the comparison of Mass Customization ( MC) with Mass Production and Customization Production, the objectives of MC are analyzed. It is pointed out that the core objectives of MC are to realize in dividuation customization, low cost, quick response to market demands. The modul arization theory is simply introduced. Based on the characteristics of modular ization, the mechanism of realizing MC with modularization is analyzed. The in dividuation customization can be realized with the different combinations of mod ules. The low cost can be realized with the scale economy and the category econo my of modules. The quick response can be realized with standard modules and its interfaces. So, the modularization is a kind of effective method in realizing MC . The modularization for MC is a systems engineering. With product modularized, production organization and management and manufacturing equipment will be chang ed. In addition, the paper also proposes a Mass Customization production model w hich is based on modularization. This Mass Customization production model is con sisted of modularization of product design, specialization of manufacturing, Vir tual Enterprises based on modularizing enterprises, and modularizing manufacturi ng equipment. The module design for MC, modularizing enterprises, and reconfigur able automation manufacturing equipment are discussed, and it is pointed out tha t they are the important supports for MC.展开更多
Systemic complications are common after acute brain injury(ABI)and may trigger coagulation cascades,systemic inflammation,as well as dysfunction of the cardiovascular,respiratory,and gastrointestinal systems,etc.The p...Systemic complications are common after acute brain injury(ABI)and may trigger coagulation cascades,systemic inflammation,as well as dysfunction of the cardiovascular,respiratory,and gastrointestinal systems,etc.The pathogenesis of these systemic manifestations is multifactorial but not yet fully elucidated.This paper introduces the novel term neurogenic organ dysfunction syndrome(NODS)to characterize systemic instability arising from internal and external perturbations of the neuronal center following ABI.Elucidating the central neurogenic mechanisms of NODS is critical for early detection and prevention of complications,thereby reducing mortality and improving patient outcomes following ABI.In this paper,we explore the potential central neurogenic mechanisms of NODS from the perspective of complex brain network theory,focusing on the structural network of the central autonomic system(CAS)that maintains systemic stability,and the functional network governed by the central stress system(CSS).The CAS can be divided into the cortical autonomic network,which involves higher cortical regions,and the subcortical autonomic network,which is relatively conserved,with its main connections located in deep brain structures.The CSS is a large-scale complex network characterized by hierarchy,hubs,and modularity,which together enable the competitive optimization of functional segregation and integration.Under physiological conditions,modules(mediating functional segregation)and hubs(functional integration)within the CSS dynamically trade-off with each other to maintain the overall homeostasis.However,this balance is disrupted following pathological insults or injury,resulting in weakened functional integrity of the CSS following ABI,impaired module activity,and disturbed hub integration.This paper also demonstrates the distinct pathological manifestations arising from disturbances at different levels of the homeostatic system.Finally,this study proposes potential clinical interventions,including analgesia and sedation,neuromodulation,and receptor regulation,for early interventions and potential treatment of NODS,aiming to improve patient outcomes.展开更多
SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool)and APEX(Agricultural Policy/Environmental eXtender)are respectively large and small watershed simulation models derived from EPIC(Environmental Policy Integrated Climate),a field-s...SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool)and APEX(Agricultural Policy/Environmental eXtender)are respectively large and small watershed simulation models derived from EPIC(Environmental Policy Integrated Climate),a field-scale agroecology simulation model.All three models are coded in Fortran and have evolved over several decades.They are widely used to analyze anthropogenic influences on soil and water quality and quantity.Much of the original Fortran code has been retained even though Fortran has been through several cycles of development.Fortran now provides functionality originally restricted to languages like C,designed to communicate directly with the operating system and hardware.One can now use an object-oriented style of programming in Fortran,including inheritance,run-time polymorphism and overloading.In order to enhance their utility in research and policy-making,the models are undergoing a major revision to use some of the new Fortran features.With these new programming paradigms the developers of SWAT,APEX,and EPIC are working to make communication between the two models seamless.This paper describes the ongoing revision of these models that will make them easier to use,maintain,modify and document.It is intended that they will converge as they continue to evolution,while maintaining their distinctive features,capabilities and identities.展开更多
Root exudation-related traits are crucial for a plant acquiring spatially heterogeneous soil phosphorus(P)resources.Integrating root exudation traits into root trait networks reveals plant foraging strategies and trai...Root exudation-related traits are crucial for a plant acquiring spatially heterogeneous soil phosphorus(P)resources.Integrating root exudation traits into root trait networks reveals plant foraging strategies and trait coordination in P-rich patches,thereby providing deeper insights into the adaptation mechanisms employed by species.We constructed root trait networks for seventeen AM-associated tree species from a subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest,aiming to analyze the regulatory mechanisms of P patch availability on plant belowground strategies by incorporating root exudation traits,mycorrhizal traits,and traditional absorptive root traits.Results showed that the carbon release rate of general root exudates(RE)and root acid phosphatase activity exhibited significant interspecific variations and were accordingly assigned to the exploration and the chemical traits modules,respectively.P addition reduced the connectivity of the trait network(lowering edge density and average path length)and increased modularity,thereby indicating a shift from a highly integrated collaborative strategy to a more flexible modular strategy in plants.Notably,most traits did not show systematic responses across species to P addition,except for RE,which decreased significantly in P-rich patches.This divergency in trait responses shows that co-existing tree species adopt diverse P acquisition strategies.This study elucidates the belowground responses of plants to P heterogeneity by demonstrating the reorganization of root trait networks and the functional differentiation of exudation traits,offering a novel trait-modularity perspective on species coexistence in subtropical forests.展开更多
The original version of this article unfortunately contained an error in the affiliation information of the author Wei Wang.The affiliation“6.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China”was missin...The original version of this article unfortunately contained an error in the affiliation information of the author Wei Wang.The affiliation“6.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China”was missing for Wei Wang.The correct affiliations for Wei Wang2,6 are:2Institute of Neuroscience,Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Technology,CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 200031,China 6University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China.展开更多
Manufacturing large-scale mechanical metamaterials(MMs) is extremely challenging owing to the limitations of machining technology and equipment.This study proposes a family of discretely assembled MMs to address this ...Manufacturing large-scale mechanical metamaterials(MMs) is extremely challenging owing to the limitations of machining technology and equipment.This study proposes a family of discretely assembled MMs to address this issue.In this work,six types of MM unit cells are divided into several face blocks,which can be mass-produced by traditional low-cost manufacturing processes.The discrete face blocks are then assembled using connectors and fasteners to form a unit cell.These assembled unit cells can be further discretely assembled for modular constructions and reconfigurable MM structure systems.The results show that the discretely assembled MMs exhibit excellent mechanical properties such as high stiffness,compression resistance,and auxetic and chiral behaviors.In addition,two typical application scenarios and an example show that the discrete assembly strategy provides accessibility for the heterogeneous and multi-material assemblies of MMs.The discrete assembly strategy,benefiting from the incremental assembly feature,is proven to be a low-cost and highly repeatable forming process.It provides scalability and functionality that are not achievable with traditional manufacturing techniques.Combined with advanced design methods and automated assembly processes,discretely assembled MMs will be significant in future intelligent structures,soft robotics,and aerospace.展开更多
To address challenges in architectural extensibility and cross-module collaboration of CAE software,this study proposes OPFEM(open-source Python-based finite element modeling)—an open-source framework featuring a uni...To address challenges in architectural extensibility and cross-module collaboration of CAE software,this study proposes OPFEM(open-source Python-based finite element modeling)—an open-source framework featuring a unified four-layer architecture.The geometric modeling framework achieves plug-in support for geometric kernels through an interface abstraction layer and adapter patterns,decoupling kernel-specific implementations while enabling state machine-driven interaction design and parametric sketching.The pre-processing modules establish multi-level associations among materials,sections,and geometric entities using Composite and Factory patterns,while implementing Observer pattern to ensure geometric-mesh consistency and employing finite-state machines to optimize boundary workflows.The computational modules implement a modular finite element library that decouples topology from element attributes,along with a surface boundary element technique for load conversion and task-scheduling management,validated through a cantilever beam large-deformation case.The post-processing module facilitates standardized data storage and dynamic field visualization through architecture-level standardized interface definitions and hierarchical component design.Collectively,OPFEM achieves full-process integration from parametric modeling to nonlinear solving and visualization,enhancing configuration efficiency and providing an extensible,pattern-driven solution for complex CAE challenges.展开更多
Dear Editor,This letter presents a novel graph neural network, namely modularized graph convolution network(MGCN), to address the underexplored issue in graph convolution networks(GCNs), wherein the weights for neighb...Dear Editor,This letter presents a novel graph neural network, namely modularized graph convolution network(MGCN), to address the underexplored issue in graph convolution networks(GCNs), wherein the weights for neighbor aggregation are fixed, leading to the limited capability of capturing diverse relationships among nodes for representation learning. Conventional GCNs always learn node representations in the graph according to the weights computed from the graph Laplacian, consequently overlooking the similarity and group cohesiveness of node features.展开更多
In wind power transmission via modular multilevel converter based high voltage direct current(MMCHVDC)systems,under traditional control strategies,MMC-HVDCcannot provide inertia support to the receiving-end grid(REG)d...In wind power transmission via modular multilevel converter based high voltage direct current(MMCHVDC)systems,under traditional control strategies,MMC-HVDCcannot provide inertia support to the receiving-end grid(REG)during disturbances.Moreover,due to the frequency decoupling between the two ends of the MMCHVDC,the sending-end wind farm(SEWF)cannot obtain the frequency variation information of the REG to provide inertia response.Therefore,this paper proposes a novel coordinated source-network-storage inertia control strategy based on wind power transmission via MMC-HVDC system.First,the grid-side MMC station(GS-MMC)maps the frequency variations of the REG to direct current(DC)voltage variations through the frequency mapping control,and uses submodule capacitor energy to provide inertial power.Then,the wind farm-side MMC station(WF-MMC)restores the DC voltage variations to frequency variations through the frequency restoration control and power loss compensation,providing real-time frequency information for the wind farm.Finally,based on real-time frequency information,thewind farmutilizes the rotor kinetic energy and energy storage to provide fast and lasting power support through the wind-storage coordinated inertia control strategy.Meanwhile,when the wind turbines withdraw from the inertia response phase,the energy storage can increase the power output to compensate for the power deficit,preventing secondary frequency drops.Furthermore,this paper uses small-signal analysis to determine the appropriate values for the key parameters of the proposed control strategy.A simulation model of the wind power transmission via MMCHVDC system is built in MATLAB/Simulink environment to validate and evaluate the proposed method.The results show that the proposed coordinated control strategy can effectively improve the system inertia level and avoid the secondary frequency drop under the load sudden increase condition.展开更多
With the development of onshore power grid projects in desert,Gobi and desertified regions as well as offshore wind power projects,electric energy requires longdistance transmission due to insufficient local consumpti...With the development of onshore power grid projects in desert,Gobi and desertified regions as well as offshore wind power projects,electric energy requires longdistance transmission due to insufficient local consumption.Modular multilevel converter based high-voltage direct current(MMC-HVDC)has become the mainstream transmission technology for large-scale remote wind farm integration.However,MMC-HVDC electrically decouples wind farms from the main grid,and its interaction with wind farms can trigger various oscillations.In addition,the MMC-HVDC connected wind farm system differs from single-converter grid-connected systems in structure,equipment complexity,and fault evolution,leading to problems such as low inertia,wideband oscillations and poor fault ride-through.To address these issues,coordinated control strategies considering dynamic interactions between wind farms and MMC-HVDC have been widely studied.This paper thus reviews such coordinated control strategies from three aspects:first,introducing common engineering symmetrical monopole/bipolar MMC-HVDC system structures;second,summarizing grid frequency sensing methods and inertia support control strategies for MMC-HVDC and wind farms;third,discussing coordinated oscillation suppression and fault ride-through control strategies,considering direct current(DC)-side faults,alternating current(AC)-side grid faults,and wind farm area faults.Finally,it summarizes deficiencies of existing studies for each challenge and prospects future research directions for MMC-HVDC connected wind farm systems.展开更多
Effective partitioning is crucial for enabling parallel restoration of power systems after blackouts.This paper proposes a novel partitioning method based on deep reinforcement learning.First,the partitioning decision...Effective partitioning is crucial for enabling parallel restoration of power systems after blackouts.This paper proposes a novel partitioning method based on deep reinforcement learning.First,the partitioning decision process is formulated as a Markov decision process(MDP)model to maximize the modularity.Corresponding key partitioning constraints on parallel restoration are considered.Second,based on the partitioning objective and constraints,the reward function of the partitioning MDP model is set by adopting a relative deviation normalization scheme to reduce mutual interference between the reward and penalty in the reward function.The soft bonus scaling mechanism is introduced to mitigate overestimation caused by abrupt jumps in the reward.Then,the deep Q network method is applied to solve the partitioning MDP model and generate partitioning schemes.Two experience replay buffers are employed to speed up the training process of the method.Finally,case studies on the IEEE 39-bus test system demonstrate that the proposed method can generate a high-modularity partitioning result that meets all key partitioning constraints,thereby improving the parallelism and reliability of the restoration process.Moreover,simulation results demonstrate that an appropriate discount factor is crucial for ensuring both the convergence speed and the stability of the partitioning training.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52205526,52205529)Basic and Applied Basic Research Project of the Guangzhou Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.202201010284)+6 种基金National Foreign Expert Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(Grant No.G2021199026L)National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2021YFB3301701,2021YFB3301702)Guangdong Provincial Graduate Education Innovation Program of China(Grant No.82620516)Guangzhou Municipal Innovation Leading Team Project of China(Grant No.201909010006)Guangdong Provincial"Quality Engineering"Construction Project of China(Grant No.210308)Guangdong Provincial Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of China(Grant No.2019A1515110399)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(Grant No.21620360).
摘要The recycling and remanufacturing of end-of-life products are significant for environmental protection and resource conservation.Disassembly is an essential process of remanufacturing end-of-life products.Effective disassembly plans help improve disassembly efficiency and reduce disassembly costs.This paper studies a disassembly planning problem with operation attributes,in which an integrated decision of the disassembly sequence,disassembly directions,and disassembly tools are made.Besides,a mathematical model is formulated with the objective of minimizing the penalty cost caused by the changing of operation attributes.Then,a neighborhood modularization-based artificial bee colony algorithm is developed,which contains a modular optimized design.Finally,two case studies with different scales and complexities are used to verify the performance of the proposed approach,and experimental results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the two existing methods within an acceptable computational time.
基金Sponsored by the State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering(Shanghai Jiao Tong University) (Grant No. 0804)the International Science and Technology Cooperation Project(Grant No. 2007DFR80340)
摘要Underwater explosion impulsive loading would not only cause serious damage to ship structure,but also influence the shock resistance of cabin structure.In this paper,based on Duha Man integral theory,the idea of cabin structure about isolation vibration based on modularization design was presented,which can improve the shock resistance of existing cabins.The shock resistance analysis of the modularization cabin about connection pattern by bolt,single-layer,double-layer and floating raft system of vibration isolation is carried out.The results showed that the shock resistance of bolt is the worst and floating raft is relatively superior above all.
基金the national education ministry key research project 02107.
摘要Based on the requirements of applying information technology to reform the traditional fashion industry,the method of fashion merchandising management in some medium-sized enterprises is discussed. By analyzing the actual domestic fashion industry environment, ideal model that could quickly respond to the market's changes is proposed which includes naming brand, target-market position, circumstances analysis and popularity anticipation, brand concept and style setting, fashion design, fashion category component, and sale strategy.
摘要In the Anyue Gasfield,Sichuan Basin,the Lower Cambrian Longwangmiao Fm gas reservoir in Moxi Block has enormous natural gas reserves,and it is a typical three-high(high temperature,high pressure,and high flow rate)sour gas field.Its ground engineering project(with the designed gas processing capacity of 60×108m2/a)is characterized by high processing rate of each unit,complex process control,large construction load,restricted construction site and tight schedule.Based on the traditional engineering construction mode,however,it is difficult to complete the project design and construction within 16 months.In view of this,the design concept of unit large-scale modularization was introduced to implement“normalized design,scale purchase,factory-like prefabrication and modularized construction”and develop the modularization technology of large-scale surface engineering construction.This modularizationtechnology is performed as follows.First,the modularized units are laid out reasonably according to the technological process.Second,the layout of modularized units is usually super-imposed in the multi-layer framework.Third,those equipments with the same or similar operational modes,medium properties,functional characteristics and installation requirements are concentrated in the pattem of a module.Fourth,escape passageway is specially set up.Fifth,room for installation,maintenance and repair of large equipments is reserved.And sixth,transportation and hoisting requirements of modules are taken into consideration sufficiently.This technology is contributive to the improvement of design quality,effective shortening of design period,reduction of field working load,decrease of safety management risk of on-site installation,increase of production efficiency,conservation of land occupation and diminishment of construction investment.It plays a reference role in the modularized construction of surface engineering of similar large projects.
摘要In biology, signal transduction refers to a process by which a cell converts one kind of signal or stimulus into another. It involves ordered sequences of biochemical reactions inside the cell. These cascades of reactions are carried out by enzymes and activated by second messengers. Signal transduction pathways are complex in nature. Each pathway is responsible for tuning one or more biological functions in the intracellular environment as well as more than one pathway interact among themselves to carry forward a single biological function. Such kind of behavior of these pathways makes understanding difficult. Hence, for the sake of simplicity, they need to be partitioned into smaller modules and then analyzed. We took VEGF signaling pathway, which is responsible for angiogenesis for this kind of modularized study. Modules were obtained by applying the algorithm of Nayak and De (Nayak and De, 2007) for different complexity values. These sets of modules were compared among themselves to get the best set of modules for an optimal complexity value. The best set of modules compared with four different partitioning algorithms namely, Farhat’s (Farhat, 1998), Greedy (Chartrand and Oellermann, 1993), Kernighan-Lin’s (Kernighan and Lin, 1970) and Newman’s community finding algorithm (Newman, 2006). These comparisons enabled us to decide which of the aforementioned algorithms was the best one to create partitions from human VEGF signaling pathway. The optimal complexity value, on which the best set of modules was obtained, was used to get modules from different species for comparative study. Comparison among these modules would shed light on the trend of development of VEGF signaling pathway over these species.
摘要The level of automation in the manufacture of recreational aluminum boats is very low. Robotized welding is rarely utilized, although it is commonly considered as the most effective way to reduce costs and increase competitiveness. A reason for the under-exploitation of robotics can be found in the construction of aluminum boats;boat models and their detailed structures are almost without exception individual pieces. A new stiffener structure for an aluminum recreational boat hull is developed in this work. Construction of the stiffener as a module allows exploitation of the advantages of modularization. The number of different parts is reduced and the structure simplified improves the applicability of robotic welding and provides benefits accruing from mass production. The same module can be used in several boat models. The modularity also makes it possible to use the same advanced robot welding fixture for a variety of boat models.
摘要In this paper, the teaching of course Three-dimensional Animation Foundation is designed mainly based on teaching content modularization and scaffolding teaching model. The modularized content design for Three-dimensional Animation Foundation is specifically expounded, and also the ideas for developing the scaffolding teaching model are analyzed. How to integrate the scaffolding teaching model into course teaching is introduced in details. Finally, new methods for guiding students to think independently in course teaching and improve students' self-awareness and self-learning ability are proposed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51878141,52478082)the Construction System Research Project of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.2024JH06)the Urban-Rural Development Green Building Project of Jiangsu Province in 2023.
摘要Rural dwelling is a significant part of rural architecture,serving not only as a place for residents to live and conduct a variety of activities,such as agricultural work and gathering,but also as a representation of local history and culture.However,rural residents usually lack professional guidance when constructing houses,and their requirements for dwellings are not fully consistent with local policies.In this paper,a systematic design method based on modularization and customization was proposed,which can satisfy the residential needs within the constraints of the policy,and protect the continuity of the architectural culture while enhancing the living comfort.With the current situation of the settlement analyzed and the residents being researched,the modularization and customization designing approach was adopted to develop a flexible atlas of house types that can fulfill various demands of the residents.This method was initially applied to the Longchi area in Nanjing,China,which was highly recognized by local residents,providing a new strategy for future rural settlement planning and dwelling design.
摘要Old-age building was designed in Ziwu Town,from the aspects of energy saving,environmental protection,full use of solar energy and characteristics of the local climate.In order to meet the requirements of energy conservation,environmental protection and climate adaptability of residential buildings,this paper integrates the construction and design in the prefabricated building design,at the same time,with the consideration of the possibility of expansion and removal of the nursing home,the concept of "modular unit" is put forward.Considering the climatic adaptability of the base position,the utilization of solar energy and the organization of natural ventilation should be paid attention to,also,the rammed soil construction method is added in this design,which can improve the thermal insulation performance of the building enclosure and create a comfortable indoor thermal environment both in winter and summer.In order to realize the object of industrial building construction and design,the prefabricated construction method is used,which produces impact on the surrounding environment more environmentally friendly.The building will be easily built,less restricted,and low-cost.What's more,local material and the advantages of all dry work increase the operability of the project.
摘要In the view of the comparison of Mass Customization ( MC) with Mass Production and Customization Production, the objectives of MC are analyzed. It is pointed out that the core objectives of MC are to realize in dividuation customization, low cost, quick response to market demands. The modul arization theory is simply introduced. Based on the characteristics of modular ization, the mechanism of realizing MC with modularization is analyzed. The in dividuation customization can be realized with the different combinations of mod ules. The low cost can be realized with the scale economy and the category econo my of modules. The quick response can be realized with standard modules and its interfaces. So, the modularization is a kind of effective method in realizing MC . The modularization for MC is a systems engineering. With product modularized, production organization and management and manufacturing equipment will be chang ed. In addition, the paper also proposes a Mass Customization production model w hich is based on modularization. This Mass Customization production model is con sisted of modularization of product design, specialization of manufacturing, Vir tual Enterprises based on modularizing enterprises, and modularizing manufacturi ng equipment. The module design for MC, modularizing enterprises, and reconfigur able automation manufacturing equipment are discussed, and it is pointed out tha t they are the important supports for MC.
基金supported by the Scientific Research Innovation Capability Support Project for Young Faculty(ZYGXQNJSKYCXNLZCXM-H15)the National Science Fund for Excellent Overseas Scholars(0401260011)+4 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82472098,32300704)the Tianjin Natural Science Foundation-Outstanding Youth Project(24JCJQJC00250)the Major Science and Technology Special Projects and Engineering-Major Project of National Key Laboratories(24ZXZSSS00510)the National Key Technologies Research and Development Program(2021YFF1200602)the Non-Profit Central Research Institute Fund of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(2024-JKCS-16).
摘要Systemic complications are common after acute brain injury(ABI)and may trigger coagulation cascades,systemic inflammation,as well as dysfunction of the cardiovascular,respiratory,and gastrointestinal systems,etc.The pathogenesis of these systemic manifestations is multifactorial but not yet fully elucidated.This paper introduces the novel term neurogenic organ dysfunction syndrome(NODS)to characterize systemic instability arising from internal and external perturbations of the neuronal center following ABI.Elucidating the central neurogenic mechanisms of NODS is critical for early detection and prevention of complications,thereby reducing mortality and improving patient outcomes following ABI.In this paper,we explore the potential central neurogenic mechanisms of NODS from the perspective of complex brain network theory,focusing on the structural network of the central autonomic system(CAS)that maintains systemic stability,and the functional network governed by the central stress system(CSS).The CAS can be divided into the cortical autonomic network,which involves higher cortical regions,and the subcortical autonomic network,which is relatively conserved,with its main connections located in deep brain structures.The CSS is a large-scale complex network characterized by hierarchy,hubs,and modularity,which together enable the competitive optimization of functional segregation and integration.Under physiological conditions,modules(mediating functional segregation)and hubs(functional integration)within the CSS dynamically trade-off with each other to maintain the overall homeostasis.However,this balance is disrupted following pathological insults or injury,resulting in weakened functional integrity of the CSS following ABI,impaired module activity,and disturbed hub integration.This paper also demonstrates the distinct pathological manifestations arising from disturbances at different levels of the homeostatic system.Finally,this study proposes potential clinical interventions,including analgesia and sedation,neuromodulation,and receptor regulation,for early interventions and potential treatment of NODS,aiming to improve patient outcomes.
摘要SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool)and APEX(Agricultural Policy/Environmental eXtender)are respectively large and small watershed simulation models derived from EPIC(Environmental Policy Integrated Climate),a field-scale agroecology simulation model.All three models are coded in Fortran and have evolved over several decades.They are widely used to analyze anthropogenic influences on soil and water quality and quantity.Much of the original Fortran code has been retained even though Fortran has been through several cycles of development.Fortran now provides functionality originally restricted to languages like C,designed to communicate directly with the operating system and hardware.One can now use an object-oriented style of programming in Fortran,including inheritance,run-time polymorphism and overloading.In order to enhance their utility in research and policy-making,the models are undergoing a major revision to use some of the new Fortran features.With these new programming paradigms the developers of SWAT,APEX,and EPIC are working to make communication between the two models seamless.This paper describes the ongoing revision of these models that will make them easier to use,maintain,modify and document.It is intended that they will converge as they continue to evolution,while maintaining their distinctive features,capabilities and identities.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant number 32301356)the Special Project for Guiding Science and Technology Development of Local Government by the Central Government of China(grant number 2022L3009).
摘要Root exudation-related traits are crucial for a plant acquiring spatially heterogeneous soil phosphorus(P)resources.Integrating root exudation traits into root trait networks reveals plant foraging strategies and trait coordination in P-rich patches,thereby providing deeper insights into the adaptation mechanisms employed by species.We constructed root trait networks for seventeen AM-associated tree species from a subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest,aiming to analyze the regulatory mechanisms of P patch availability on plant belowground strategies by incorporating root exudation traits,mycorrhizal traits,and traditional absorptive root traits.Results showed that the carbon release rate of general root exudates(RE)and root acid phosphatase activity exhibited significant interspecific variations and were accordingly assigned to the exploration and the chemical traits modules,respectively.P addition reduced the connectivity of the trait network(lowering edge density and average path length)and increased modularity,thereby indicating a shift from a highly integrated collaborative strategy to a more flexible modular strategy in plants.Notably,most traits did not show systematic responses across species to P addition,except for RE,which decreased significantly in P-rich patches.This divergency in trait responses shows that co-existing tree species adopt diverse P acquisition strategies.This study elucidates the belowground responses of plants to P heterogeneity by demonstrating the reorganization of root trait networks and the functional differentiation of exudation traits,offering a novel trait-modularity perspective on species coexistence in subtropical forests.
摘要The original version of this article unfortunately contained an error in the affiliation information of the author Wei Wang.The affiliation“6.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China”was missing for Wei Wang.The correct affiliations for Wei Wang2,6 are:2Institute of Neuroscience,Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Technology,CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 200031,China 6University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.52075195,52475267)the Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Equipment and Technology (Grant No.IMETKF2023016)。
摘要Manufacturing large-scale mechanical metamaterials(MMs) is extremely challenging owing to the limitations of machining technology and equipment.This study proposes a family of discretely assembled MMs to address this issue.In this work,six types of MM unit cells are divided into several face blocks,which can be mass-produced by traditional low-cost manufacturing processes.The discrete face blocks are then assembled using connectors and fasteners to form a unit cell.These assembled unit cells can be further discretely assembled for modular constructions and reconfigurable MM structure systems.The results show that the discretely assembled MMs exhibit excellent mechanical properties such as high stiffness,compression resistance,and auxetic and chiral behaviors.In addition,two typical application scenarios and an example show that the discrete assembly strategy provides accessibility for the heterogeneous and multi-material assemblies of MMs.The discrete assembly strategy,benefiting from the incremental assembly feature,is proven to be a low-cost and highly repeatable forming process.It provides scalability and functionality that are not achievable with traditional manufacturing techniques.Combined with advanced design methods and automated assembly processes,discretely assembled MMs will be significant in future intelligent structures,soft robotics,and aerospace.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12202321,12432009,12172262,and 12202322)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFE0113100)。
摘要To address challenges in architectural extensibility and cross-module collaboration of CAE software,this study proposes OPFEM(open-source Python-based finite element modeling)—an open-source framework featuring a unified four-layer architecture.The geometric modeling framework achieves plug-in support for geometric kernels through an interface abstraction layer and adapter patterns,decoupling kernel-specific implementations while enabling state machine-driven interaction design and parametric sketching.The pre-processing modules establish multi-level associations among materials,sections,and geometric entities using Composite and Factory patterns,while implementing Observer pattern to ensure geometric-mesh consistency and employing finite-state machines to optimize boundary workflows.The computational modules implement a modular finite element library that decouples topology from element attributes,along with a surface boundary element technique for load conversion and task-scheduling management,validated through a cantilever beam large-deformation case.The post-processing module facilitates standardized data storage and dynamic field visualization through architecture-level standardized interface definitions and hierarchical component design.Collectively,OPFEM achieves full-process integration from parametric modeling to nonlinear solving and visualization,enhancing configuration efficiency and providing an extensible,pattern-driven solution for complex CAE challenges.
摘要Dear Editor,This letter presents a novel graph neural network, namely modularized graph convolution network(MGCN), to address the underexplored issue in graph convolution networks(GCNs), wherein the weights for neighbor aggregation are fixed, leading to the limited capability of capturing diverse relationships among nodes for representation learning. Conventional GCNs always learn node representations in the graph according to the weights computed from the graph Laplacian, consequently overlooking the similarity and group cohesiveness of node features.
基金funded by State Grid Corporation of China Central Branch Technology Project(52140024000C).
摘要In wind power transmission via modular multilevel converter based high voltage direct current(MMCHVDC)systems,under traditional control strategies,MMC-HVDCcannot provide inertia support to the receiving-end grid(REG)during disturbances.Moreover,due to the frequency decoupling between the two ends of the MMCHVDC,the sending-end wind farm(SEWF)cannot obtain the frequency variation information of the REG to provide inertia response.Therefore,this paper proposes a novel coordinated source-network-storage inertia control strategy based on wind power transmission via MMC-HVDC system.First,the grid-side MMC station(GS-MMC)maps the frequency variations of the REG to direct current(DC)voltage variations through the frequency mapping control,and uses submodule capacitor energy to provide inertial power.Then,the wind farm-side MMC station(WF-MMC)restores the DC voltage variations to frequency variations through the frequency restoration control and power loss compensation,providing real-time frequency information for the wind farm.Finally,based on real-time frequency information,thewind farmutilizes the rotor kinetic energy and energy storage to provide fast and lasting power support through the wind-storage coordinated inertia control strategy.Meanwhile,when the wind turbines withdraw from the inertia response phase,the energy storage can increase the power output to compensate for the power deficit,preventing secondary frequency drops.Furthermore,this paper uses small-signal analysis to determine the appropriate values for the key parameters of the proposed control strategy.A simulation model of the wind power transmission via MMCHVDC system is built in MATLAB/Simulink environment to validate and evaluate the proposed method.The results show that the proposed coordinated control strategy can effectively improve the system inertia level and avoid the secondary frequency drop under the load sudden increase condition.
基金supported by Smart Grid-National Science and Technology Major Project(Novel Grid-Integrated Transmission System for Far-Offshore Wind Power,No.2024ZD0801300)。
摘要With the development of onshore power grid projects in desert,Gobi and desertified regions as well as offshore wind power projects,electric energy requires longdistance transmission due to insufficient local consumption.Modular multilevel converter based high-voltage direct current(MMC-HVDC)has become the mainstream transmission technology for large-scale remote wind farm integration.However,MMC-HVDC electrically decouples wind farms from the main grid,and its interaction with wind farms can trigger various oscillations.In addition,the MMC-HVDC connected wind farm system differs from single-converter grid-connected systems in structure,equipment complexity,and fault evolution,leading to problems such as low inertia,wideband oscillations and poor fault ride-through.To address these issues,coordinated control strategies considering dynamic interactions between wind farms and MMC-HVDC have been widely studied.This paper thus reviews such coordinated control strategies from three aspects:first,introducing common engineering symmetrical monopole/bipolar MMC-HVDC system structures;second,summarizing grid frequency sensing methods and inertia support control strategies for MMC-HVDC and wind farms;third,discussing coordinated oscillation suppression and fault ride-through control strategies,considering direct current(DC)-side faults,alternating current(AC)-side grid faults,and wind farm area faults.Finally,it summarizes deficiencies of existing studies for each challenge and prospects future research directions for MMC-HVDC connected wind farm systems.
基金funded by the Beijing Engineering Research Center of Electric Rail Transportation.
摘要Effective partitioning is crucial for enabling parallel restoration of power systems after blackouts.This paper proposes a novel partitioning method based on deep reinforcement learning.First,the partitioning decision process is formulated as a Markov decision process(MDP)model to maximize the modularity.Corresponding key partitioning constraints on parallel restoration are considered.Second,based on the partitioning objective and constraints,the reward function of the partitioning MDP model is set by adopting a relative deviation normalization scheme to reduce mutual interference between the reward and penalty in the reward function.The soft bonus scaling mechanism is introduced to mitigate overestimation caused by abrupt jumps in the reward.Then,the deep Q network method is applied to solve the partitioning MDP model and generate partitioning schemes.Two experience replay buffers are employed to speed up the training process of the method.Finally,case studies on the IEEE 39-bus test system demonstrate that the proposed method can generate a high-modularity partitioning result that meets all key partitioning constraints,thereby improving the parallelism and reliability of the restoration process.Moreover,simulation results demonstrate that an appropriate discount factor is crucial for ensuring both the convergence speed and the stability of the partitioning training.