With the rapid expansion of renewable energy systems,particularly wind and solar energy,coal-fired power plants(CFPPs)are expected to serve as flexible and dispatchable backup resources.This evolving role imposes new ...With the rapid expansion of renewable energy systems,particularly wind and solar energy,coal-fired power plants(CFPPs)are expected to serve as flexible and dispatchable backup resources.This evolving role imposes new demands on their operational adaptability,efficiency,and intelligence.In this context,the intelligent transformation of CFPPs has become a key enabler for achieving both flexible operations and long-term sustainability.This paper provides a comprehensive review of the latest developments in intelligent coal-fired power technologies,focusing on three critical pillars:intelligent perception,intelligent control,and intelligent operation.Key enabling technologies,such as ubiquitous sensing systems,advanced control algorithms,and automated operation platforms,are examined in detail.Additionally,two representative engineering cases are introduced to demonstrate practical applications and benefits:the intelligent control of coal-fired units coupled with novel energy-storage systems and the implementation of unmanned operation in smart power plants.These projects highlight the transformative potential of intelligent technologies in enhancing the flexibility,efficiency,and autonomy of coal-fired power units.Finally,future perspectives on intelligent technologies are presented.The findings of this study offer valuable insights into the pathway toward clean,flexible,and intelligent coal-based power generation in an evolving energy landscape.展开更多
Accurate photovoltaic(PV)power generation forecasting is essential for the efficient integration of renewable energy into power grids.However,the nonlinear and non-stationary characteristics of PV power signals,driven...Accurate photovoltaic(PV)power generation forecasting is essential for the efficient integration of renewable energy into power grids.However,the nonlinear and non-stationary characteristics of PV power signals,driven by fluctuating weather conditions,pose significant challenges for reliable prediction.This study proposes a DOEP(Decomposition–Optimization–Error Correction–Prediction)framework,a hybrid forecasting approach that integrates adaptive signal decomposition,machine learning,metaheuristic optimization,and error correction.The PV power signal is first decomposed using CEEMDAN to extract multi-scale temporal features.Subsequently,the hyperparameters and window sizes of the LSSVM are optimized using a Segment-based EBQPSO strategy.The main novelty of the proposed DOEP framework lies in the incorporation of Segment-based EBQPSO as a structured optimization mechanism that balances elite exploitation and population diversity during LSSVM tuning within the CEEMDAN-based forecasting pipeline.This strategy effectively mitigates convergence instability and sensitivity to initialization,which are common limitations in existing hybrid PV forecasting models.Each IMF is then predicted individually and aggregated to generate an initial forecast.In the error-correction stage,the residual error series is modeled using LSTM,and the final prediction is obtained by combining the initial forecast with the predicted error component.The proposed framework is evaluated using two PV power plant datasets with different levels of complexity.The results demonstrate that DOEP consistently outperforms benchmark models across multiple error-based and goodness-of-fit metrics,achieving MSE reductions of approximately 15%–60%on the ResPV-BDG dataset and 37%–92%on the NREL dataset.Analyses of predicted vs.observed values and residual distributions further confirm the superior calibration and robustness of the proposed approach.Although the DOEP framework entails higher computational costs than single model methods,it delivers significantly improved accuracy and stability for PV power forecasting under complex operating conditions.展开更多
The large-scale utilization of renewable energy challenges the stability and safety of the grid;thus,the flexibility of coal-fired power plants should be increased to balance unstable renewable energies.To achieve thi...The large-scale utilization of renewable energy challenges the stability and safety of the grid;thus,the flexibility of coal-fired power plants should be increased to balance unstable renewable energies.To achieve this,a heat storage system(HSS)is integrated into a power plant.This is the first study utilizing furnace flue gas to drive a molten-salt-heat-exchanger(MSHE).Compared to steam-vapor-driven MSHE,flue gas-driven technology avoids the pinch temperature limitation(PTL)and simplifies the system configuration.In this study,we demonstrate the concept,design,fabrication,and experiments of the MSHE.The novelties include:①finned tubes to balance the thermal resistances between the flue gas side and the molten salt side;②a weak angle design to ensure gravity-driven recession of the molten salt;and③a modular design to ensure even temperature distribution at the outlet of the tube bundles.A heat transfer correlation is developed for molten salt,covering a wide range of Reynolds numbers.An experimental setup is constructed to collect data and verify the effectiveness of the MSHE.The measured overall heat transfer coefficients matched the predictions well,with deviations of less than 10%.The measured heat power reached 320 kW,exceeding the 300 kW design target.We demonstrate the heat transfer between the flue gas and molten salt to compensate for the heat release from the HSS to the environment,reducing electricity consumption in the standby stage of the system.The modular design of the MSHE ensures minimal temperature deviations of<4 K among different tubes,avoiding local overheating-induced decomposition of the molten salt.Based on the 300 kW MSHE results,a 10 MW MSHE is designed,fabricated,and integrated into a 350 megawatt electric(MWe)coal-fired plant to achieve a higher load variation rate of 6%Pe·min-1 for a coal-fired power plant.展开更多
In order to address environmental pollution and resource depletion caused by traditional power generation,this paper proposes an adaptive iterative dynamic-balance optimization algorithm that integrates the Improved D...In order to address environmental pollution and resource depletion caused by traditional power generation,this paper proposes an adaptive iterative dynamic-balance optimization algorithm that integrates the Improved Dung Beetle Optimizer(IDBO)with VariationalMode Decomposition(VMD).The IDBO-VMD method is designed to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of wind-speed time-series decomposition and to effectively smooth photovoltaic power fluctuations.This study innovatively improves the traditional variational mode decomposition(VMD)algorithm,and significantly improves the accuracy and adaptive ability of signal decomposition by IDBO selfoptimization of key parameters K and a.On this basis,Fourier transform technology is used to define the boundary point between high frequency and low frequency signals,and a targeted energy distribution strategy is proposed:high frequency fluctuations are allocated to supercapacitors to quickly respond to transient power fluctuations;Lowfrequency components are distributed to lead-carbon batteries,optimizing long-term energy storage and scheduling efficiency.This strategy effectively improves the response speed and stability of the energy storage system.The experimental results demonstrate that the IDBO-VMD algorithm markedly outperforms traditional methods in both decomposition accuracy and computational efficiency.Specifically,it effectively reduces the charge–discharge frequency of the battery,prolongs battery life,and optimizes the operating ranges of the state-of-charge(SOC)for both leadcarbon batteries and supercapacitors.In addition,the energy management strategy based on the algorithm not only improves the overall energy utilization efficiency of the system,but also shows excellent performance in the dynamic management and intelligent scheduling of renewable energy generation.展开更多
As the critical milestone for China’s Nationally Determined Contributions(NDCs)[1],2030 is a pivotal benchmark year for the transformation of China’s power system.From now to 2030,the rapid growth in installed capac...As the critical milestone for China’s Nationally Determined Contributions(NDCs)[1],2030 is a pivotal benchmark year for the transformation of China’s power system.From now to 2030,the rapid growth in installed capacity and power generation of wind and solar power will lead to profound changes in the stability mechanisms and balancing characteristics of power systems[[2],[3],[4],[5]],posing new challenges to system security and reliability.展开更多
The real-time and accurate calculation of electricity indirect carbon emissions is not only the critical component for quantifying the carbon emission levels of the power system but also an effective mean to guide ele...The real-time and accurate calculation of electricity indirect carbon emissions is not only the critical component for quantifying the carbon emission levels of the power system but also an effective mean to guide electricity users in carbon reduction and promote power industry low-carbon transformation.Fundamentally,calculating indirect carbon emissions involves allocating direct carbon emission data from the power source side,indicating that accurate indirect emission results rely on the precise measurement of power source emissions.However,existing research on indirect carbon emissions in large-scale power systems rarely accounts for variations in carbon emission characteristics under different operating conditions of power sources,such as ratedon-rated operating conditions and ramping up/down conditions,making it difficult to reflect source-side and load-side carbon emission information variation during providing ancillary services.Quadratic and exponential functions are proposed to characterize the energy consumption profiles of coal-fired and gas-fired power generation,respectively,to construct a refined carbon emission model for power sources.By leveraging the theory of power system carbon flow,we analyze how variable operating conditions of power sources impact indirect carbon emissions.Case studies demonstrate that changes in power source emissions under variable conditions have a significant effect on the indirect carbon emissions of power grids.展开更多
In real industrial microgrids(MGs),the length of the primary delivery feeder to the connection point of the main substation is sometimes long.This reduces the power factor and increases reactive power absorption along...In real industrial microgrids(MGs),the length of the primary delivery feeder to the connection point of the main substation is sometimes long.This reduces the power factor and increases reactive power absorption along the primary delivery feeder from the external network.Besides,the giant induction electro-motors as the working horse of industries requires remarkable amounts of reactive power for electro-mechanical energy conversions.To reduce power losses and operating costs of the MG as well as to improve the voltage quality,this study aims at providing an insightful model for optimal placement and sizing of reactive power compensation capacitors in an industrial MG.In the presented model,the objective function considers voltage profile and network power factor improvement at the MG connection point.Also,it realizes power flow equations within which all operational security constraints are considered.Various reactive power compensation strategies including distributed group compensation,centralized compensation at the main substation,and distributed compensation along the primary delivery feeder are scrutinized.A real industrial MG,say as Urmia Petrochemical plant,is considered in numerical validations.The obtained results in each scenario are discussed in depth.As seen,the best performance is obtained when the optimal location and sizing of capacitors are simultaneously determined at the main buses of the industrial plants,at the main substation of the MG,and alongside the primary delivery feeder.In this way,74.81%improvement in power losses reduction,1.3%lower active power import from the main grid,23.5%improvement in power factor,and 37.5%improvement in network voltage deviation summation are seen in this case compared to the base case.展开更多
This paper develops an innovative computational model for assessing the Carbon Emission Factor(CEF)of provincial power systems that incorporates inter-provincial electricity transfers and hybrid generation portfolios ...This paper develops an innovative computational model for assessing the Carbon Emission Factor(CEF)of provincial power systems that incorporates inter-provincial electricity transfers and hybrid generation portfolios combining conventional and renewable sources.A key contribution lies in evaluating how deep regulation of thermal power plants influence the carbon intensity of coal-fired generation and coal-fired generation together with high penetration renewables.Furthermore,the study quantitatively analyzes the role of renewable energy consumption and the prospective application of Carbon Capture and Storage(CCS)in reducing system-wide CEF.Based on this framework,the paper proposes phased carbon emission targets for Guangdong’s power system for key milestone years(2030,2045,2060),along with targeted implementation strategies.Results demonstrate that in renewable-dominant systems,deep regulation of thermal units,load peak-shaving,and deployment of flexible resources such as energy storage are effective in cutting carbon intensity.To achieve the defined targets—0.367 kg/kWh by 2030,0.231 kg/kWh by 2045,and 0.032 kg/kWh by 2060—the following innovation-focused policy is recommended:in early stage,mainly on expansion of renewable capacity and inter-provincial transmission infrastructure along with energy storage deployment;in mid-term,mainly on enhancement of electricity market mechanisms to promote green power trading and demand-side flexibility;and in late-stage,mainly on systematic retirement of conventional coal assets coupled with large-scale CCS adoption and carbon sink mechanisms.展开更多
Various factors,including weak tie-lines into the electric power system(EPS)networks,can lead to low-frequency oscillations(LFOs),which are considered an instant,non-threatening situation,but slow-acting and poisonous...Various factors,including weak tie-lines into the electric power system(EPS)networks,can lead to low-frequency oscillations(LFOs),which are considered an instant,non-threatening situation,but slow-acting and poisonous.Considering the challenge mentioned,this article proposes a clustering-based machine learning(ML)framework to enhance the stability of EPS networks by suppressing LFOs through real-time tuning of key power system stabilizer(PSS)parameters.To validate the proposed strategy,two distinct EPS networks are selected:the single-machine infinite-bus(SMIB)with a single-stage PSS and the unified power flow controller(UPFC)coordinated SMIB with a double-stage PSS.To generate data under various loading conditions for both networks,an efficient but offline meta-heuristic algorithm,namely the grey wolf optimizer(GWO),is used,with the loading conditions as inputs and the key PSS parameters as outputs.The generated loading conditions are then clustered using the fuzzy k-means(FKM)clustering method.Finally,the group method of data handling(GMDH)and long short-term memory(LSTM)ML models are developed for clustered data to predict PSS key parameters in real time for any loading condition.A few well-known statistical performance indices(SPI)are considered for validation and robustness of the training and testing procedure of the developed FKM-GMDH and FKM-LSTM models based on the prediction of PSS parameters.The performance of the ML models is also evaluated using three stability indices(i.e.,minimum damping ratio,eigenvalues,and time-domain simulations)after optimally tuned PSS with real-time estimated parameters under changing operating conditions.Besides,the outputs of the offline(GWO-based)metaheuristic model,proposed real-time(FKM-GMDH and FKM-LSTM)machine learning models,and previously reported literature models are compared.According to the results,the proposed methodology outperforms the others in enhancing the stability of the selected EPS networks by damping out the observed unwanted LFOs under various loading conditions.展开更多
With the high penetration of renewable energy and the rapid development of AC/DC(Alternating Current/Direct Current)hybrid power grid,the power grid is confronted with challenges such as frequent voltage fluctuations ...With the high penetration of renewable energy and the rapid development of AC/DC(Alternating Current/Direct Current)hybrid power grid,the power grid is confronted with challenges such as frequent voltage fluctuations and insufficient dynamic reactive power reserves.Full utilization of unified power flow controller(UPFC)in dynamic voltage regulation is of great significance for mitigating voltage excursions of the power grid.This paper proposes a double-time-scale dynamic reactive power optimization method for the AC/DC hybrid power grid with UPFC.A control framework for reactive power optimization of slow-time-scale and fast-time-scale is constructed incorporating the LCC-HVDC and UPFC.In this method,the slow-time-scale aims to improve the voltage profiles and reduce the system cost by setting the voltage regulation weight coefficients based on trajectory sensitivity to preserve reactive power regulation capability.The fast-time-scale adopts an adaptive feedback control mechanism.When slowtime-scale optimization is insufficient to keep the voltage within a safe range,it adjusts the real-time reactive power output of the UPFC,and damps rapid voltage swings accordingly.By implementing the additional fast-time-scale control method,the frequent variations of both the Photovoltaic(PV)and load are managed for the reactive power compensation.Case studies on a modified IEEE-30 bus system demonstrate that compared with the conventional control method,the proposed method reduces the maximum voltage deviation by 3.17%compared to the baseline,while ensuring the economic efficiency.展开更多
THE power industrial control system(power ICS)is thecore infrastructure that ensures the safe,stable,and efficient operation of power systems.Its architecture typi-cally adopts a hierarchical and partitioned end-edge-...THE power industrial control system(power ICS)is thecore infrastructure that ensures the safe,stable,and efficient operation of power systems.Its architecture typi-cally adopts a hierarchical and partitioned end-edge-cloud collaborative design.However,the large-scale integration ofdistributed renewable energy resources,coupled with the extensivedeployment of sensing and communication devices,has resulted inthe new-type power system characterized by dynamic complexityand high uncertainty[1]-[4].展开更多
This study proposes an intelligent powered air-purifying respirator with a superhydrophobic polyvinylidene fluoride/SiO₂humidity-sensitive sensor to address heat and moisture accumulation and high breathing resistance...This study proposes an intelligent powered air-purifying respirator with a superhydrophobic polyvinylidene fluoride/SiO₂humidity-sensitive sensor to address heat and moisture accumulation and high breathing resistance in self-priming filter-type respirators.The humidity sensor,featuring a contact angle of 151°,exhibits a 30%resistance change between 75% and 95% RH.This change is driven by the synergistic effects of chemical adsorption of water molecules onto polar groups(F,H,O)and physical adsorption with capillary condensation.First-principles calculations reveal that the band gap decreases from 0.2782 eV to 0.1616 eV as humidity increases,enhancing electrical conductivity.The respirator dynamically adjusts fan speed,ranging from 5000 to 35000 rpm,using a Gated Recurrent Unit neural network based on breath prediction,thereby achieving efficient gas exchange.Comparative experiments with self-aspirating filtering respirators demonstrate that the respirator effectively reduces internal mask temperature,lowers humidity to ambient levels,and maintains positive pressure inside the mask,significantly decreasing breathing resistance.Computational fluid dynamics simulations confirm the dynamic balance of airflow inside the mask,ensuring high ventilation efficiency.This design significantly enhances heat and moisture management and reduces breathing resistance,offering an advanced solution for addressing the challenges in self-priming filter-type respirators.展开更多
It is important for a lunar lander to possess a large divert capability during the final landing phase,as this can enhance the tolerance for flight deviations in the early phase or improve the obstacle avoidance perfo...It is important for a lunar lander to possess a large divert capability during the final landing phase,as this can enhance the tolerance for flight deviations in the early phase or improve the obstacle avoidance performance.Therefore,when designing the powered descent trajectory,sufficient final phase divert capability should be reserved at the minimum propellant cost.To this end,a multi-phase trajectory programming(MPTP)method for powered descent with approaching phase divert capability is proposed.First,the entire powered descent trajectory is divided into the main braking phase and the approaching phase.The main braking phase is responsible for dissipating the majority of the initial velocity.The approaching phase is responsible for safely and precisely flying toward the landing site.It is nominally a vertical descent trajectory and possesses equal divert capability in all horizontal directions.Then,a constant-thrust linear tangent guidance(LTG)accounting for the lunar curvature is designed for the main braking phase.For the approaching phase,a variable-thrust lossless convex programming(LCP)guidance considering the constraints of tilt angle and glide-slope angle is developed.Subsequently,to connect the two phases and further optimize the propellant consumption throughout the entire trajectory,a method for determining the phase switching condition is proposed.The originally difficult-to-solve two-parameter optimization problem is decomposed into two more easily solvable subproblems,which are solved iteratively via a bilevel optimization framework.Finally,the divert capability of the proposed method is verified through numerical simulation.The programmed trajectory is basically consistent with the results of the pseudospectral method,with the difference in propellant consumption being only 0.006%.This method is suitable for the rapid iterative design of nominal trajectories for lunar lander powered descent in engineering applications.展开更多
This paper proposes a novel end-to-end learnable framework for semantic image transmission,pioneering joint optimization across the spatial,channel,and power domains.In this scheme,the transmitter employs semantic ana...This paper proposes a novel end-to-end learnable framework for semantic image transmission,pioneering joint optimization across the spatial,channel,and power domains.In this scheme,the transmitter employs semantic analysis with spatial-channel domain adaptation to extract and compress vital semantic features from image latent representations,enabling efficient compression by integrating spatial structures and retaining channel priority attributes.Subsequently,a dynamic power allocation strategy intelligently adjusts the transmission power of these features based on real-time noise conditions to mitigate channel impairments.At the receiver,a hierarchical reconstruction network subsequently decodes images through cross-feature analysis of semantic relationships from distorted features.Extensive experimental validation under Rayleigh fading channels demonstrates that the proposed framework achieves significantly superior bandwidth utilization and reconstruction quality compared to existing seep joint source channel coding(DJSCC)schemes.It exhibits robust performance across diverse channel conditions and compression ratios,thereby establishing a new benchmark for semantic communications(Sem-Com).展开更多
The vibration control performance of powered wearable devices(PWDs)directly affects the health and comfort of the wearer.Effective vibration isolation technology has become a fundamental aspect of next-generation wear...The vibration control performance of powered wearable devices(PWDs)directly affects the health and comfort of the wearer.Effective vibration isolation technology has become a fundamental aspect of next-generation wearable device design.This study proposes a highly integrated nonlinear stiffness metastructure vibration isolator design for PWDs to address vibration isolation requirements in such scenarios.In this paper,we systematically analyze and experimentally verify the static characteristics of the proposed metastructure vibration isolator through numerical analysis,analytical model and experimental methods,and deeply discuss its dynamic transmissibility characteristics.Among them,we analytically derive and calculate the cantilever beam oscillator of the metastructure vibration isolator and verify the numerical results.Utilizing the mode superposition method,we examine the variations in vibration transmissibility under different operating conditions and geometric parameters.Experimental results are consistent with the numerical calculation results and demonstrate that the isolator exhibits excellent vibration attenuation within the vibration isolation frequency range of 53-61 Hz,achieving a minimum vibration transmissibility of−38 dB.The metastructure vibration isolation system presented in this study successfully achieves the anticipated vibration suppression performance,offering a novel approach to vibration isolation design for PWDs.展开更多
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAVs)are increasingly deployed across military and civilian domains due to their operational flexibility,low maintenance costs,and high mobility.With the growing complexity of UAV applications...Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAVs)are increasingly deployed across military and civilian domains due to their operational flexibility,low maintenance costs,and high mobility.With the growing complexity of UAV applications and tasks,robust support from computing power networks is essential.These networks,acting as resource integration paradigms,furnish UAVs with pooled resources to tackle extensive computational demands.In this paper,we develop a framework for trading computing power resources,modeling the transaction process through a three-stage Stackelberg game to facilitate sequential decision-making.We theoretically demonstrate the existence of a Nash equilibrium and introduce a Dynamic Game Reinforcement algorithm to identify optimal strategies.Our experimental results affirm the framework's efficacy and the superior performance of our algorithm.Additionally,we explore how variables like UAV quantity and network congestion influence the market dynamics of the computing power network.展开更多
This paper addresses the challenge of mass uncertainty during the powered descent phase of a Mars lander and proposes a robust powered descent guidance algorithm that accounts for uncertainties in mass and fuel consum...This paper addresses the challenge of mass uncertainty during the powered descent phase of a Mars lander and proposes a robust powered descent guidance algorithm that accounts for uncertainties in mass and fuel consumption.First,the traditional trajectory optimization method based on convex optimization is improved by developing a fast and accurate solution approach using sequential convex optimization.Second,the effects of mass uncertainty on position are modeled and analyzed,with corresponding computational methods provided for different scenarios.Third,the worst-case scenario under mass uncertainty is analyzed through both geometric and theoretical approaches,and a modified glide-slope constraint method is proposed to ensure safe landing even in adverse conditions.Moreover,a closed-loop receding horizon based guidance is developed to further mitigate the effects of mass uncertainty and improve terminal landing accuracy.Finally,the proposed improved convex optimization algorithm and robust trajectory optimization algorithm are validated through simulation cases and compared with a probabilistic approach.The simulations further test various initial positions,velocities,and glide-slope angles,demonstrating that the solutions are both accurate and robust.展开更多
This paper proposes a collaborative design method for enhancing the power factor and torque of electric motors.First,the intrinsic relationship between flux linkage analysis of the permanent magnet(PM)and armature fie...This paper proposes a collaborative design method for enhancing the power factor and torque of electric motors.First,the intrinsic relationship between flux linkage analysis of the permanent magnet(PM)and armature field and the power factor is explored.Then,the connection between flux linkage and harmonics is established,clarifying the mechanism for improving power factor and torque.Improvements are focused on the PM and permeance.Regarding the PM structure,employing a Y-shaped PM structure effectively increases PM utilization,reduces leakage flux at the outer ends,and enhances the PM flux linkage.Concerning permeance,stator tooth design is optimized to cooperatively improve permeance harmonics,reduce the non-working flux linkage of the armature field,and enhance the fundamental modulation wave of the armature field responsible for torque generation.This improves the power factor while maintaining motor torque.Finally,through PM structural design,the motor torque performance is optimized.Furthermore,the performance of the Y-shaped PM motor is evaluated.A prototype was manufactured and tested.Theoretical analysis and experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method to a significant extent.展开更多
基金supported by the Coal-Major Project(2024ZD1700304)the Flexible Coal-Fired Power Generation Technology Project of the Beijing Huairou Laboratory(ZD2022001A).
摘要With the rapid expansion of renewable energy systems,particularly wind and solar energy,coal-fired power plants(CFPPs)are expected to serve as flexible and dispatchable backup resources.This evolving role imposes new demands on their operational adaptability,efficiency,and intelligence.In this context,the intelligent transformation of CFPPs has become a key enabler for achieving both flexible operations and long-term sustainability.This paper provides a comprehensive review of the latest developments in intelligent coal-fired power technologies,focusing on three critical pillars:intelligent perception,intelligent control,and intelligent operation.Key enabling technologies,such as ubiquitous sensing systems,advanced control algorithms,and automated operation platforms,are examined in detail.Additionally,two representative engineering cases are introduced to demonstrate practical applications and benefits:the intelligent control of coal-fired units coupled with novel energy-storage systems and the implementation of unmanned operation in smart power plants.These projects highlight the transformative potential of intelligent technologies in enhancing the flexibility,efficiency,and autonomy of coal-fired power units.Finally,future perspectives on intelligent technologies are presented.The findings of this study offer valuable insights into the pathway toward clean,flexible,and intelligent coal-based power generation in an evolving energy landscape.
摘要Accurate photovoltaic(PV)power generation forecasting is essential for the efficient integration of renewable energy into power grids.However,the nonlinear and non-stationary characteristics of PV power signals,driven by fluctuating weather conditions,pose significant challenges for reliable prediction.This study proposes a DOEP(Decomposition–Optimization–Error Correction–Prediction)framework,a hybrid forecasting approach that integrates adaptive signal decomposition,machine learning,metaheuristic optimization,and error correction.The PV power signal is first decomposed using CEEMDAN to extract multi-scale temporal features.Subsequently,the hyperparameters and window sizes of the LSSVM are optimized using a Segment-based EBQPSO strategy.The main novelty of the proposed DOEP framework lies in the incorporation of Segment-based EBQPSO as a structured optimization mechanism that balances elite exploitation and population diversity during LSSVM tuning within the CEEMDAN-based forecasting pipeline.This strategy effectively mitigates convergence instability and sensitivity to initialization,which are common limitations in existing hybrid PV forecasting models.Each IMF is then predicted individually and aggregated to generate an initial forecast.In the error-correction stage,the residual error series is modeled using LSTM,and the final prediction is obtained by combining the initial forecast with the predicted error component.The proposed framework is evaluated using two PV power plant datasets with different levels of complexity.The results demonstrate that DOEP consistently outperforms benchmark models across multiple error-based and goodness-of-fit metrics,achieving MSE reductions of approximately 15%–60%on the ResPV-BDG dataset and 37%–92%on the NREL dataset.Analyses of predicted vs.observed values and residual distributions further confirm the superior calibration and robustness of the proposed approach.Although the DOEP framework entails higher computational costs than single model methods,it delivers significantly improved accuracy and stability for PV power forecasting under complex operating conditions.
基金support by the Coal-Major Project(2024ZD1700300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52406183).
摘要The large-scale utilization of renewable energy challenges the stability and safety of the grid;thus,the flexibility of coal-fired power plants should be increased to balance unstable renewable energies.To achieve this,a heat storage system(HSS)is integrated into a power plant.This is the first study utilizing furnace flue gas to drive a molten-salt-heat-exchanger(MSHE).Compared to steam-vapor-driven MSHE,flue gas-driven technology avoids the pinch temperature limitation(PTL)and simplifies the system configuration.In this study,we demonstrate the concept,design,fabrication,and experiments of the MSHE.The novelties include:①finned tubes to balance the thermal resistances between the flue gas side and the molten salt side;②a weak angle design to ensure gravity-driven recession of the molten salt;and③a modular design to ensure even temperature distribution at the outlet of the tube bundles.A heat transfer correlation is developed for molten salt,covering a wide range of Reynolds numbers.An experimental setup is constructed to collect data and verify the effectiveness of the MSHE.The measured overall heat transfer coefficients matched the predictions well,with deviations of less than 10%.The measured heat power reached 320 kW,exceeding the 300 kW design target.We demonstrate the heat transfer between the flue gas and molten salt to compensate for the heat release from the HSS to the environment,reducing electricity consumption in the standby stage of the system.The modular design of the MSHE ensures minimal temperature deviations of<4 K among different tubes,avoiding local overheating-induced decomposition of the molten salt.Based on the 300 kW MSHE results,a 10 MW MSHE is designed,fabricated,and integrated into a 350 megawatt electric(MWe)coal-fired plant to achieve a higher load variation rate of 6%Pe·min-1 for a coal-fired power plant.
基金funded by the Institute of Smart Energy,Huaiyin Institute of Technology,under Grant No.HIT-ISE-2024-07.
摘要In order to address environmental pollution and resource depletion caused by traditional power generation,this paper proposes an adaptive iterative dynamic-balance optimization algorithm that integrates the Improved Dung Beetle Optimizer(IDBO)with VariationalMode Decomposition(VMD).The IDBO-VMD method is designed to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of wind-speed time-series decomposition and to effectively smooth photovoltaic power fluctuations.This study innovatively improves the traditional variational mode decomposition(VMD)algorithm,and significantly improves the accuracy and adaptive ability of signal decomposition by IDBO selfoptimization of key parameters K and a.On this basis,Fourier transform technology is used to define the boundary point between high frequency and low frequency signals,and a targeted energy distribution strategy is proposed:high frequency fluctuations are allocated to supercapacitors to quickly respond to transient power fluctuations;Lowfrequency components are distributed to lead-carbon batteries,optimizing long-term energy storage and scheduling efficiency.This strategy effectively improves the response speed and stability of the energy storage system.The experimental results demonstrate that the IDBO-VMD algorithm markedly outperforms traditional methods in both decomposition accuracy and computational efficiency.Specifically,it effectively reduces the charge–discharge frequency of the battery,prolongs battery life,and optimizes the operating ranges of the state-of-charge(SOC)for both leadcarbon batteries and supercapacitors.In addition,the energy management strategy based on the algorithm not only improves the overall energy utilization efficiency of the system,but also shows excellent performance in the dynamic management and intelligent scheduling of renewable energy generation.
基金the Science and Technology Project of the State Grid Corporation of China“Research on China’s end-use energy consumption demand and grid development scenarios under the dual carbon goals”(1400-202455413A-3-5-YS).
摘要As the critical milestone for China’s Nationally Determined Contributions(NDCs)[1],2030 is a pivotal benchmark year for the transformation of China’s power system.From now to 2030,the rapid growth in installed capacity and power generation of wind and solar power will lead to profound changes in the stability mechanisms and balancing characteristics of power systems[[2],[3],[4],[5]],posing new challenges to system security and reliability.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Project of China Southern Power Grid Co.,Ltd.(ZBKTM20232244)the Project of National Natural of Science Foundation of China(52477103).
摘要The real-time and accurate calculation of electricity indirect carbon emissions is not only the critical component for quantifying the carbon emission levels of the power system but also an effective mean to guide electricity users in carbon reduction and promote power industry low-carbon transformation.Fundamentally,calculating indirect carbon emissions involves allocating direct carbon emission data from the power source side,indicating that accurate indirect emission results rely on the precise measurement of power source emissions.However,existing research on indirect carbon emissions in large-scale power systems rarely accounts for variations in carbon emission characteristics under different operating conditions of power sources,such as ratedon-rated operating conditions and ramping up/down conditions,making it difficult to reflect source-side and load-side carbon emission information variation during providing ancillary services.Quadratic and exponential functions are proposed to characterize the energy consumption profiles of coal-fired and gas-fired power generation,respectively,to construct a refined carbon emission model for power sources.By leveraging the theory of power system carbon flow,we analyze how variable operating conditions of power sources impact indirect carbon emissions.Case studies demonstrate that changes in power source emissions under variable conditions have a significant effect on the indirect carbon emissions of power grids.
摘要In real industrial microgrids(MGs),the length of the primary delivery feeder to the connection point of the main substation is sometimes long.This reduces the power factor and increases reactive power absorption along the primary delivery feeder from the external network.Besides,the giant induction electro-motors as the working horse of industries requires remarkable amounts of reactive power for electro-mechanical energy conversions.To reduce power losses and operating costs of the MG as well as to improve the voltage quality,this study aims at providing an insightful model for optimal placement and sizing of reactive power compensation capacitors in an industrial MG.In the presented model,the objective function considers voltage profile and network power factor improvement at the MG connection point.Also,it realizes power flow equations within which all operational security constraints are considered.Various reactive power compensation strategies including distributed group compensation,centralized compensation at the main substation,and distributed compensation along the primary delivery feeder are scrutinized.A real industrial MG,say as Urmia Petrochemical plant,is considered in numerical validations.The obtained results in each scenario are discussed in depth.As seen,the best performance is obtained when the optimal location and sizing of capacitors are simultaneously determined at the main buses of the industrial plants,at the main substation of the MG,and alongside the primary delivery feeder.In this way,74.81%improvement in power losses reduction,1.3%lower active power import from the main grid,23.5%improvement in power factor,and 37.5%improvement in network voltage deviation summation are seen in this case compared to the base case.
基金supported by Science and Technology Project of China Southern Power Grid Co.,Ltd.(GDKJXM20231259).
摘要This paper develops an innovative computational model for assessing the Carbon Emission Factor(CEF)of provincial power systems that incorporates inter-provincial electricity transfers and hybrid generation portfolios combining conventional and renewable sources.A key contribution lies in evaluating how deep regulation of thermal power plants influence the carbon intensity of coal-fired generation and coal-fired generation together with high penetration renewables.Furthermore,the study quantitatively analyzes the role of renewable energy consumption and the prospective application of Carbon Capture and Storage(CCS)in reducing system-wide CEF.Based on this framework,the paper proposes phased carbon emission targets for Guangdong’s power system for key milestone years(2030,2045,2060),along with targeted implementation strategies.Results demonstrate that in renewable-dominant systems,deep regulation of thermal units,load peak-shaving,and deployment of flexible resources such as energy storage are effective in cutting carbon intensity.To achieve the defined targets—0.367 kg/kWh by 2030,0.231 kg/kWh by 2045,and 0.032 kg/kWh by 2060—the following innovation-focused policy is recommended:in early stage,mainly on expansion of renewable capacity and inter-provincial transmission infrastructure along with energy storage deployment;in mid-term,mainly on enhancement of electricity market mechanisms to promote green power trading and demand-side flexibility;and in late-stage,mainly on systematic retirement of conventional coal assets coupled with large-scale CCS adoption and carbon sink mechanisms.
基金supported by the Deanship of Research at the King Fahd University of Petroleum&Minerals,Dhahran,31261,Saudi Arabia,under Project No.EC241001.
摘要Various factors,including weak tie-lines into the electric power system(EPS)networks,can lead to low-frequency oscillations(LFOs),which are considered an instant,non-threatening situation,but slow-acting and poisonous.Considering the challenge mentioned,this article proposes a clustering-based machine learning(ML)framework to enhance the stability of EPS networks by suppressing LFOs through real-time tuning of key power system stabilizer(PSS)parameters.To validate the proposed strategy,two distinct EPS networks are selected:the single-machine infinite-bus(SMIB)with a single-stage PSS and the unified power flow controller(UPFC)coordinated SMIB with a double-stage PSS.To generate data under various loading conditions for both networks,an efficient but offline meta-heuristic algorithm,namely the grey wolf optimizer(GWO),is used,with the loading conditions as inputs and the key PSS parameters as outputs.The generated loading conditions are then clustered using the fuzzy k-means(FKM)clustering method.Finally,the group method of data handling(GMDH)and long short-term memory(LSTM)ML models are developed for clustered data to predict PSS key parameters in real time for any loading condition.A few well-known statistical performance indices(SPI)are considered for validation and robustness of the training and testing procedure of the developed FKM-GMDH and FKM-LSTM models based on the prediction of PSS parameters.The performance of the ML models is also evaluated using three stability indices(i.e.,minimum damping ratio,eigenvalues,and time-domain simulations)after optimally tuned PSS with real-time estimated parameters under changing operating conditions.Besides,the outputs of the offline(GWO-based)metaheuristic model,proposed real-time(FKM-GMDH and FKM-LSTM)machine learning models,and previously reported literature models are compared.According to the results,the proposed methodology outperforms the others in enhancing the stability of the selected EPS networks by damping out the observed unwanted LFOs under various loading conditions.
基金Project Supported by Science and Technology Project of State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Company:Research on Weak Node Identification and UPFC Response Strategy for AC/DC Hybrid Receiving Urban Power Grid(J2024013).
摘要With the high penetration of renewable energy and the rapid development of AC/DC(Alternating Current/Direct Current)hybrid power grid,the power grid is confronted with challenges such as frequent voltage fluctuations and insufficient dynamic reactive power reserves.Full utilization of unified power flow controller(UPFC)in dynamic voltage regulation is of great significance for mitigating voltage excursions of the power grid.This paper proposes a double-time-scale dynamic reactive power optimization method for the AC/DC hybrid power grid with UPFC.A control framework for reactive power optimization of slow-time-scale and fast-time-scale is constructed incorporating the LCC-HVDC and UPFC.In this method,the slow-time-scale aims to improve the voltage profiles and reduce the system cost by setting the voltage regulation weight coefficients based on trajectory sensitivity to preserve reactive power regulation capability.The fast-time-scale adopts an adaptive feedback control mechanism.When slowtime-scale optimization is insufficient to keep the voltage within a safe range,it adjusts the real-time reactive power output of the UPFC,and damps rapid voltage swings accordingly.By implementing the additional fast-time-scale control method,the frequent variations of both the Photovoltaic(PV)and load are managed for the reactive power compensation.Case studies on a modified IEEE-30 bus system demonstrate that compared with the conventional control method,the proposed method reduces the maximum voltage deviation by 3.17%compared to the baseline,while ensuring the economic efficiency.
基金partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62293500,62293505,62233010,62503240)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20250679)。
摘要THE power industrial control system(power ICS)is thecore infrastructure that ensures the safe,stable,and efficient operation of power systems.Its architecture typi-cally adopts a hierarchical and partitioned end-edge-cloud collaborative design.However,the large-scale integration ofdistributed renewable energy resources,coupled with the extensivedeployment of sensing and communication devices,has resulted inthe new-type power system characterized by dynamic complexityand high uncertainty[1]-[4].
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52303356)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(AM2023014)+1 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2024YFC3015000)China University of Mining and Technology(CUMT)Experimental Technology Research and Development Projects(S2023D002).
摘要This study proposes an intelligent powered air-purifying respirator with a superhydrophobic polyvinylidene fluoride/SiO₂humidity-sensitive sensor to address heat and moisture accumulation and high breathing resistance in self-priming filter-type respirators.The humidity sensor,featuring a contact angle of 151°,exhibits a 30%resistance change between 75% and 95% RH.This change is driven by the synergistic effects of chemical adsorption of water molecules onto polar groups(F,H,O)and physical adsorption with capillary condensation.First-principles calculations reveal that the band gap decreases from 0.2782 eV to 0.1616 eV as humidity increases,enhancing electrical conductivity.The respirator dynamically adjusts fan speed,ranging from 5000 to 35000 rpm,using a Gated Recurrent Unit neural network based on breath prediction,thereby achieving efficient gas exchange.Comparative experiments with self-aspirating filtering respirators demonstrate that the respirator effectively reduces internal mask temperature,lowers humidity to ambient levels,and maintains positive pressure inside the mask,significantly decreasing breathing resistance.Computational fluid dynamics simulations confirm the dynamic balance of airflow inside the mask,ensuring high ventilation efficiency.This design significantly enhances heat and moisture management and reduces breathing resistance,offering an advanced solution for addressing the challenges in self-priming filter-type respirators.
基金Fourth Phase of the China's Lunar Exploration ProgramChina National Space Administration (D040103)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (62394354)National Key Research and Development Program of China (2025YFF0513303).
摘要It is important for a lunar lander to possess a large divert capability during the final landing phase,as this can enhance the tolerance for flight deviations in the early phase or improve the obstacle avoidance performance.Therefore,when designing the powered descent trajectory,sufficient final phase divert capability should be reserved at the minimum propellant cost.To this end,a multi-phase trajectory programming(MPTP)method for powered descent with approaching phase divert capability is proposed.First,the entire powered descent trajectory is divided into the main braking phase and the approaching phase.The main braking phase is responsible for dissipating the majority of the initial velocity.The approaching phase is responsible for safely and precisely flying toward the landing site.It is nominally a vertical descent trajectory and possesses equal divert capability in all horizontal directions.Then,a constant-thrust linear tangent guidance(LTG)accounting for the lunar curvature is designed for the main braking phase.For the approaching phase,a variable-thrust lossless convex programming(LCP)guidance considering the constraints of tilt angle and glide-slope angle is developed.Subsequently,to connect the two phases and further optimize the propellant consumption throughout the entire trajectory,a method for determining the phase switching condition is proposed.The originally difficult-to-solve two-parameter optimization problem is decomposed into two more easily solvable subproblems,which are solved iteratively via a bilevel optimization framework.Finally,the divert capability of the proposed method is verified through numerical simulation.The programmed trajectory is basically consistent with the results of the pseudospectral method,with the difference in propellant consumption being only 0.006%.This method is suitable for the rapid iterative design of nominal trajectories for lunar lander powered descent in engineering applications.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.92467301,No.62293481,No.62471054).
摘要This paper proposes a novel end-to-end learnable framework for semantic image transmission,pioneering joint optimization across the spatial,channel,and power domains.In this scheme,the transmitter employs semantic analysis with spatial-channel domain adaptation to extract and compress vital semantic features from image latent representations,enabling efficient compression by integrating spatial structures and retaining channel priority attributes.Subsequently,a dynamic power allocation strategy intelligently adjusts the transmission power of these features based on real-time noise conditions to mitigate channel impairments.At the receiver,a hierarchical reconstruction network subsequently decodes images through cross-feature analysis of semantic relationships from distorted features.Extensive experimental validation under Rayleigh fading channels demonstrates that the proposed framework achieves significantly superior bandwidth utilization and reconstruction quality compared to existing seep joint source channel coding(DJSCC)schemes.It exhibits robust performance across diverse channel conditions and compression ratios,thereby establishing a new benchmark for semantic communications(Sem-Com).
基金supported by the Innovation Foundation for Doctor Dissertation of Northwestern Polytechnical University(Grant No.CX2024001).
摘要The vibration control performance of powered wearable devices(PWDs)directly affects the health and comfort of the wearer.Effective vibration isolation technology has become a fundamental aspect of next-generation wearable device design.This study proposes a highly integrated nonlinear stiffness metastructure vibration isolator design for PWDs to address vibration isolation requirements in such scenarios.In this paper,we systematically analyze and experimentally verify the static characteristics of the proposed metastructure vibration isolator through numerical analysis,analytical model and experimental methods,and deeply discuss its dynamic transmissibility characteristics.Among them,we analytically derive and calculate the cantilever beam oscillator of the metastructure vibration isolator and verify the numerical results.Utilizing the mode superposition method,we examine the variations in vibration transmissibility under different operating conditions and geometric parameters.Experimental results are consistent with the numerical calculation results and demonstrate that the isolator exhibits excellent vibration attenuation within the vibration isolation frequency range of 53-61 Hz,achieving a minimum vibration transmissibility of−38 dB.The metastructure vibration isolation system presented in this study successfully achieves the anticipated vibration suppression performance,offering a novel approach to vibration isolation design for PWDs.
基金supported by Xiong’an New Area Science and Technology Innovation Special Project(Research on Multi granularity Traffic System Simulation and Collaborative Control Technology for Narrow Road and Dense Network in Xiong’an New Area)No.2022XAGG0126funded by the science and technology project of SGCC(State Grid Corporation of China):Research on Key Technologies and Applications of Intelligent Edge Computing for Transmission Line Defect Sensing(5700-202318309A-1-1-ZN)。
摘要Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAVs)are increasingly deployed across military and civilian domains due to their operational flexibility,low maintenance costs,and high mobility.With the growing complexity of UAV applications and tasks,robust support from computing power networks is essential.These networks,acting as resource integration paradigms,furnish UAVs with pooled resources to tackle extensive computational demands.In this paper,we develop a framework for trading computing power resources,modeling the transaction process through a three-stage Stackelberg game to facilitate sequential decision-making.We theoretically demonstrate the existence of a Nash equilibrium and introduce a Dynamic Game Reinforcement algorithm to identify optimal strategies.Our experimental results affirm the framework's efficacy and the superior performance of our algorithm.Additionally,we explore how variables like UAV quantity and network congestion influence the market dynamics of the computing power network.
基金co-supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U23B6001)the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province,China(No.LH2022F023)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(No.HIT.OCEF.2023009)。
摘要This paper addresses the challenge of mass uncertainty during the powered descent phase of a Mars lander and proposes a robust powered descent guidance algorithm that accounts for uncertainties in mass and fuel consumption.First,the traditional trajectory optimization method based on convex optimization is improved by developing a fast and accurate solution approach using sequential convex optimization.Second,the effects of mass uncertainty on position are modeled and analyzed,with corresponding computational methods provided for different scenarios.Third,the worst-case scenario under mass uncertainty is analyzed through both geometric and theoretical approaches,and a modified glide-slope constraint method is proposed to ensure safe landing even in adverse conditions.Moreover,a closed-loop receding horizon based guidance is developed to further mitigate the effects of mass uncertainty and improve terminal landing accuracy.Finally,the proposed improved convex optimization algorithm and robust trajectory optimization algorithm are validated through simulation cases and compared with a probabilistic approach.The simulations further test various initial positions,velocities,and glide-slope angles,demonstrating that the solutions are both accurate and robust.
摘要This paper proposes a collaborative design method for enhancing the power factor and torque of electric motors.First,the intrinsic relationship between flux linkage analysis of the permanent magnet(PM)and armature field and the power factor is explored.Then,the connection between flux linkage and harmonics is established,clarifying the mechanism for improving power factor and torque.Improvements are focused on the PM and permeance.Regarding the PM structure,employing a Y-shaped PM structure effectively increases PM utilization,reduces leakage flux at the outer ends,and enhances the PM flux linkage.Concerning permeance,stator tooth design is optimized to cooperatively improve permeance harmonics,reduce the non-working flux linkage of the armature field,and enhance the fundamental modulation wave of the armature field responsible for torque generation.This improves the power factor while maintaining motor torque.Finally,through PM structural design,the motor torque performance is optimized.Furthermore,the performance of the Y-shaped PM motor is evaluated.A prototype was manufactured and tested.Theoretical analysis and experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method to a significant extent.