Programmable metasurfaces have shown exceptional potentials in wireless communications due to their capability to manipulate electromagnetic(EM)waves dynamically and flexibly.However,the large-scale application and fl...Programmable metasurfaces have shown exceptional potentials in wireless communications due to their capability to manipulate electromagnetic(EM)waves dynamically and flexibly.However,the large-scale application and flexible deployment of programmable metasurfaces still face challenges of high communication capacity requirements and stringent energy constraints.Here,we report an ambient-energy-driven space-time-coding metasurface to address these issues.On one hand,the metasurface can achieve efficient space-frequency-division multiplexing manipulations by dynamically controlling multiple frequencies and the spatial propagation directions of reflection EM waves.On the other hand,the shared-aperture ambient solar energy harvesting capability and low power consumption characteristic of the metasurface enable it to be self-powered without relying on any external power supply.To demonstrate these remarkable features,a four-channel wireless communication system prototype is built using the programmable metasurface.Experimental results confirm that four distinct images can be transmitted to four user terminals simultaneously,independently,and in real time with remarkably low energy consumption per bit.Such innovative metasurface provides a simple and effective approach for integrating ambient energy harvesting,multidimensional microwave manipulation,and direct information modulation on a single physical platform,which will advance the wireless communications in cost-effectiveness,enhanced capacity,energy efficiency,and environmental friendliness.展开更多
Nonlinear frequency division multiplexing(NFDM)utilizes the nonlinear Fourier transform(NFT)to decompose signals into the nonlinear frequency domain that inherently resists fiber Kerr nonlinearity distortions.However,...Nonlinear frequency division multiplexing(NFDM)utilizes the nonlinear Fourier transform(NFT)to decompose signals into the nonlinear frequency domain that inherently resists fiber Kerr nonlinearity distortions.However,practical NFDM has been hindered by sensitivity to laser frequency offset and phase noise.In conventional NFDM receivers,a residual frequency offset typically remains before the NFT,whereas phase recovery performed after the NFT can only estimate the average phase rotation per burst,fundamentally limiting tolerance to frequency-phase impairments.In this work,we propose and experimentally demonstrate a residual carrier scheme to compensate for frequency offset and phase noise before the receiver NFT with sampling-point-level precision.Using a 3 MHz distributed feedback(DFB)laser,this scheme enables 1.0 Tb∕s PS-256 QAM NFDM transmission over 320 km,with a high spectral efficiency of 9.85 b∕s∕Hz.The Q2-factor degradation is only 0.85 dB as the total linewidth increases from 200 Hz to 3.1 MHz.The scheme achieves a Q2-factor improvement of 2.6 dB with 100 k Hz external cavity lasers and>6 dB with a 3 MHz DFB laser,compared with the conventional time-domain pilot method.To our knowledge,this is the first time NFDM demonstrates comparable tolerance to frequency-phase impairments as single-carrier systems.The proposed scheme desensitizes NFDM to frequency-phase impairments,overcoming a major barrier to practical deployment.展开更多
Hollow-core fibers(HCFs)are promising candidates for photonic data-center interconnects(DCIs)owing to their low loss,low latency,ultra-low nonlinearity,low dispersion,and broad transmission window.However,lossspectrum...Hollow-core fibers(HCFs)are promising candidates for photonic data-center interconnects(DCIs)owing to their low loss,low latency,ultra-low nonlinearity,low dispersion,and broad transmission window.However,lossspectrum ripples significantly constrain both the usable bandwidth and the achievable capacity.To address such issue,we propose and experimentally demonstrate an entropy-loaded digital subcarrier multiplexing(DSM)transmission scheme over the nested anti-resonant nodeless fiber(NANF).Here,dynamic entropy is allocated to each subcarrier(SC)based on the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)variation induced by the loss-spectrum ripples.For single-channel transmission centered at 1550.12 nm,entropy-loaded probabilistic constellation shaping dual-polarization 256 quadrature amplitude modulation(PCS-DP-256QAM)DSM signals can realize a net bit-rate of 613.3 Gbit/s adaptive transmission over 2 km NANF having a peak-to-peak loss-spectrum ripple of 0.4 dB within a channel spacing of 0.51 nm.Meanwhile,this transmission remains nonlinear impairment-free even at a record-high launch power of 39 dBm.Furthermore,we demonstrate 40-channel dense wavelength division multiplexing(DWDM)DSM transmission over 10 km NANF,achieving a net bit-rate of more than 602.7 Gbit/s per wavelength and a total capacity of 24.14 Tbit/s,when the entropy-loaded PCS-DP-256QAM DSM signals are individually generated under a peak-to-peak loss-spectrum ripple of 0.7 dB over the extended C-band.Compared with conventional uniform-entropy DSM,our proposed scheme enhances the aggregate capacity by 18.28%.Such an innovative transmission scheme adaptive to broadband loss-spectrum ripples effectively unlocks the HCF full potential for photonic DCIs.展开更多
Self-trapped excitons(STEs)are generating significant interest due to their broadband emission and self-absorption-free advantages.However,achieving high-efficiency singletriplet STE near-infrared(NIR)emissive tuning ...Self-trapped excitons(STEs)are generating significant interest due to their broadband emission and self-absorption-free advantages.However,achieving high-efficiency singletriplet STE near-infrared(NIR)emissive tuning remains challenging issues that originate from energy gap law and large Stokes shift.Herein,novel manganese iodide dimers have been demonstrated in CsI crystalline matrix with high photoluminescence quantum yields of 18%and 25%for singlet and triplet STE emissions up to 1200 nm,respectively,where ultrafast spin-flip process from triplet to singlet excited states is realized via Pb2+-doping strategy.Temperature-dependent steady-state,electron paramagnetic resonance,femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopic techniques and theoretical calculations verify intersystem crossing,and reverse intersystem crossing(RISC)processes are governed by the interplay between spin-orbit coupling(SOC)and Jahn–Teller(JT)effect.RISC is accelerated by enhanced SOC due to heavy-atom effects(Pb and I),suppressed JT distortions,and reduced excited-state structural reorganization,leading to RISC rate as fast as 6.7×1011 s‒1,more than two-order-of-magnitude enhancement before Pb doping.Moreover,a unified framework is developed including Mn2+-Mn2+ion pair,molecular orbital,and configurational coordinate diagram to interpret STE-based NIR emissions in 0D systems.These findings gain deep insights into ultrafast STE dynamics for designing highly emissive NIR materials toward photonic applications.展开更多
We demonstrate a fully integrated eight-channel dense wavelength-division multiplexing silicon photonic transceiver supporting 200-Gbps per-channel PAM4 operation,enabling a total chip-to-chip data rate of 1.6 Tbps.Th...We demonstrate a fully integrated eight-channel dense wavelength-division multiplexing silicon photonic transceiver supporting 200-Gbps per-channel PAM4 operation,enabling a total chip-to-chip data rate of 1.6 Tbps.The transmitter employs compact single-bus microring modulators,whereas the receiver adopts a polarization diversity architecture based on cascaded dual-ring filters and integrates a bidirectionally incident photodetector,maintaining stable performance under arbitrary input polarization.A unified multichannel thermo-optic feedback architecture is implemented at both the transmitter and receiver,enabling cooperative link-level wavelength alignment without pre-calibration.This multi-channel parallel control scheme reduces wavelength locking time by~30×while achieving fine wavelength-tracking accuracy of 2.74 pm with negligible thermal overhead.Comprehensive device-and system-level experiments validate the robustness and scalability of the proposed architecture.We uniquely address the critical bottlenecks of high polarization sensitivity and latency in wavelength alignment through a highly integrated silicon photonic architecture.By implementing polarization-splitting grating couplers and synchronized wavelengthlocking schemes,we provide a transformative solution for high-density co-packaged optics.Our approach significantly reduces system footprint,enhances operational reliability,and improves power efficiency,thereby bridging the gap between laboratory demonstrations and practical 1.6-Tbps scale chip-to-chip interconnects.展开更多
Optical differentiation is crucial for high-speed image processing,but most optical analog spatial differentiators based on metasurfaces are currently limited to a single type of low-order differentiation operation.We...Optical differentiation is crucial for high-speed image processing,but most optical analog spatial differentiators based on metasurfaces are currently limited to a single type of low-order differentiation operation.We present a dielectric metasurface composed of silicon hollow cylinders that leverages electric quadrupole(EQD)and magnetic dipole(MD)resonances to achieve wavelength-tunable two-dimensional(2D)multi-order differentiation.Specifically,at 1340 nm(MD-dominant),1140 nm(hybrid EQD–MD),and 1010 nm(EQD-dominant),the metasurface performs second-,fourth-,and sixth-order differentiations,respectively.The device features a 430-nm bandwidth,a maximum numerical aperture of 0.71,and a maximum transmittance of 96%,enabling high-quality edge extraction for complex images.We believe this to be the first integration of wavelength-division multiplexing and multi-order differentiation in a single-layer metasurface,advancing compact and multifunctional optical computing for applications such as autonomous driving and medical imaging.展开更多
Two-photon interference is a fundamental resource for quantum technologies and optical quantum computing,underpinning precision measurements,scalable entanglement distribution,and the operation of photonic circuits an...Two-photon interference is a fundamental resource for quantum technologies and optical quantum computing,underpinning precision measurements,scalable entanglement distribution,and the operation of photonic circuits and quantum network protocols.Here,we report the first demonstration of massively parallel,wavelength-resolved photon bunching,revealing Hanbury Brown–Twiss correlations across 70 independent spectral channels.These observations are enabled by a fast,data-driven single-photon spectrometer that achieves 48 pm spectral and 48 ps temporal resolution over a 10 nm bandwidth,providing simultaneous access to spectro-temporal photon correlations without the need for narrowband filtering.This approach enables high-dimensional quantum interference measurements across a broad spectrum.Our results establish frequency-multiplexed two-photon interference as a scalable and throughput-efficient platform for quantum-enhanced photonic technologies,offering a practical route toward room-temperature architectures that overcome loss limitations and advance the scalability for a variety of applications.展开更多
Herein,an attention-grabbing and up-to-date review related to major multiplexing techniques is presented which in-cludes wavelength division multiplexing(WDM),polarization division multiplexing(PDM),space division mul...Herein,an attention-grabbing and up-to-date review related to major multiplexing techniques is presented which in-cludes wavelength division multiplexing(WDM),polarization division multiplexing(PDM),space division multiplexing(SDM),mode division multiplexing(MDM)and orbital angular momentum multiplexing(OAMM).Multiplexing is a mech-anism by which multiple signals are combined into a shared channel used to showcase the maximum capacity of the op-tical links.However,it is critical to develop hybrid multiplexing methods to allow enhanced channel numbers.In this re-view,we have also included hybrid multiplexing techniques such as WDM-PDM,WDM-MDM and PDM-MDM.It is prob-able to attain N×M channels by utilizing N wavelengths and M guided-modes by simply utilizing hybrid WDM-MDM(de)multiplexers.To the best of our knowledge,this review paper is one of its kind which has highlighted the most prom-inent and recent signs of progress in multiplexing techniques in one place.展开更多
Advancements in mode-division multiplexing(MDM)techniques,aimed at surpassing the Shannon limit and augmenting transmission capacity,have garnered significant attention in optical fiber communica-tion,propelling the d...Advancements in mode-division multiplexing(MDM)techniques,aimed at surpassing the Shannon limit and augmenting transmission capacity,have garnered significant attention in optical fiber communica-tion,propelling the demand for high-quality multiplexers and demultiplexers.However,the criteria for ideal-mode multiplexers/demultiplexers,such as performance,scalability,compatibility,and ultra-compactness,have only partially been achieved using conventional bulky devices(e.g.,waveguides,grat-ings,and free space optics)—an issue that will substantially restrict the application of MDM techniques.Here,we present a neuro-meta-router(NMR)optimized through deep learning that achieves spatial multi-mode division and supports multi-channel communication,potentially offering scalability,com-patibility,and ultra-compactness.An MDM communication system based on an NMR is theoretically designed and experimentally demonstrated to enable simultaneous and independent multi-dataset transmission,showcasing a capacity of up to 100 gigabits per second(Gbps)and a symbol error rate down to the order of 104,all achieved without any compensation technologies or correlation devices.Our work presents a paradigm that merges metasurfaces,fiber communications,and deep learning,with potential applications in intelligent metasurface-aided optical interconnection,as well as all-optical pat-tern recognition and classification.展开更多
Multiple quantum well(MQW) Ⅲ-nitride diodes that can simultaneously emit and detect light feature an overlapping region between their electroluminescence and responsivity spectra, which allows them to be simultaneous...Multiple quantum well(MQW) Ⅲ-nitride diodes that can simultaneously emit and detect light feature an overlapping region between their electroluminescence and responsivity spectra, which allows them to be simultaneously used as both a transmitter and a receiver in a wireless light communication system. Here, we demonstrate a mobile light communication system using a time-division multiplexing(TDM) scheme to achieve bidirectional data transmission via the same optical channel.Two identical blue MQW diodes are defined by software as a transmitter or a receiver. To address the light alignment issue, an image identification module integrated with a gimbal stabilizer is used to automatically detect the locations of moving targets;thus, underwater audio communication is realized via a mobile blue-light TDM communication mode. This approach not only uses a single link but also integrates mobile nodes in a practical network.展开更多
Dynamically tunable terahertz(THz)beam focusing plays a critical role in emerging applications including reconfigurable imaging,localized spectral analysis,and micro-machining.Conventional methods,however,frequently e...Dynamically tunable terahertz(THz)beam focusing plays a critical role in emerging applications including reconfigurable imaging,localized spectral analysis,and micro-machining.Conventional methods,however,frequently employ complex wavefront modulators and external control algorithms,resulting in increased system footprint and limited tuning efficiency.In this work,we present an all-silicon mechanically rotatable cascaded metasurface capable of dynamic THz beam focusing.By independently adjusting the relative rotation angles between the two metasurface layers,real-time repositioning of the focal spot is achieved for orthogonal circular polarization channels.The proposed design facilitates polarization-division multiplexing without requiring external algorithms or active materials while preserving high focusing efficiency and beam quality across a predefined focal plane.Numerical simulations reveal a quasi-linear shift of the focal position with the rotation angle,with stable focusing efficiency and full-width at half-maximum observed in both polarization channels.This strategy offers an efficient and reliable approach to dynamic wavefront control for compact,reconfigurable THz imaging,sensing,and communication systems.展开更多
Three clock synchronization schemes for a quantum key distribution system are compared experimentally through the outdoor fibre and the interaction physical model of the the clock signal and the the quantum signal in ...Three clock synchronization schemes for a quantum key distribution system are compared experimentally through the outdoor fibre and the interaction physical model of the the clock signal and the the quantum signal in the quantum key distribution system is analysed to propose a new synchronization scheme based on time division multiplexing and wavelength division multiplexing technology to reduce quantum bits error rates under some transmission rate conditions, The proposed synchronization scheme can not only completely eliminate noise photons from the bright background light of the the clock signal, but also suppress the fibre nonlinear crosstalk.展开更多
Time division multiplexing(TDM)architecture is an important approach to creating sensor arrays for massive scale monitoring.But it is paradoxical for the TDM interferometric sensor array to keep a short delay fiber fo...Time division multiplexing(TDM)architecture is an important approach to creating sensor arrays for massive scale monitoring.But it is paradoxical for the TDM interferometric sensor array to keep a short delay fiber for high sensing resolution and meanwhile use low sampling rate for practical applications.In this paper,a phase matching sampling(PMS)paradigm is proposed to address the above contradiction.By matching the phase of the sampling clock with the delay fiber length,combining with multiple-pulses sampling strategy,the proposed PMS method can avoid collecting the redundant information,facilitating the decreasing of sampling rate as well as delay fiber length of the TDM sensing system.The proof-of-concept experiments on an 8-channel TDM interferometric system demonstrate that when the sampling rate is fixed at 20 MS/s,by applying the PMS algorithm,the delay fiber length can be shortened from 100 m to 1 m,compared with applying the conventional sampling method.It reduced the phase noise of the system by a factor of 10 at 1 mHz and by a factor of 50 at 1 Hz.The PMS algorithm for greatly reducing the sampling rate is expected to fuel the TDM interferometric sensor arrays for many applications.展开更多
The development of optical transmission was summarized. The multiplexing system was show in detail. The concepts, characteristic, key technology, expand trend and application prospect of frequency division multiplexin...The development of optical transmission was summarized. The multiplexing system was show in detail. The concepts, characteristic, key technology, expand trend and application prospect of frequency division multiplexing, time division multiplexing, code division multiplexing and wave division multiplexing were illustrated.展开更多
We propose a new full color ghost imaging scheme using both time and code division multiplexing technologies.In the scheme,the speckle patterns of three colors(red,green and blue)are modulated with different time slot...We propose a new full color ghost imaging scheme using both time and code division multiplexing technologies.In the scheme,the speckle patterns of three colors(red,green and blue)are modulated with different time slots and codes.The light intensity is sampled by one bucket detector.Then based on the modulated time slots and codes,we can effectively and simultaneously extract three detection component signals corresponding to three color components of objects from the sampling signal of the bucket detector.Finally,three component images resulting from the three component detection signals can be synthesized into a full color image.The experimental results verify the feasibility of our scheme under the limit of the number of time slots and codes.Moreover,our scheme reduces the number of bucket detectors and can realize high quality imaging even in a noisy environment.展开更多
Color metasurface holograms are powerful and versatile platforms for modulating the amplitude,phase,polarization,and other properties of light at multiple operating wavelengths.However,the current color metasurface ho...Color metasurface holograms are powerful and versatile platforms for modulating the amplitude,phase,polarization,and other properties of light at multiple operating wavelengths.However,the current color metasurface holography can only realize static manipulation.In this study,we propose and demonstrate a multiplexing metasurface technique combined with multiwavelength code-division multiplexing(CDM)to realize dynamic manipulation.Multicolor code references are utilized to record information within a single metasurface and increase the information capacity and security for anticracks.A total of 48 monochrome images consisting of pure color characters and multilevel color video frames were reconstructed in dual polarization channels of the birefringent metasurface to exhibit high information density,and a video was displayed via sequential illumination of the corresponding code patterns to verify the ability of dynamic manipulation.Our approach demonstrates significant application potential in optical data storage,optical encryption,multiwavelengthversatile diffractive optical elements,and stimulated emission depletion microscopy.展开更多
Flat optical elements have attracted enormous attentions and act as promising candidates for the next generation of optical components.As one of the most outstanding representatives,liquid crystal(LC)has been widely a...Flat optical elements have attracted enormous attentions and act as promising candidates for the next generation of optical components.As one of the most outstanding representatives,liquid crystal(LC)has been widely applied in flat panel display industries and inspires the wavefront modulation with the development of LC alignment techniques.However,most LC elements perform only one type of optical manipulation and are difficult to realize the multifunctionality and light integration.Here,flat multifunctional liquid crystal elements(FMLCEs),merely composed of anisotropic LC molecules with space-variant orientations,are presented for multichannel information manipulation by means of polarization,space and wavelength multiplexing.Specifically,benefiting from the unique light response with the change of the incident polarization,observation plane,and working wavelength,a series of FMLCEs are demonstrated to achieve distinct near-and far-field display functions.The proposed strategy takes full advantage of basic optical parameters as the decrypted keys to improve the information capacity and security,and we expect it to find potential applications in information encryption,optical anti-counterfeiting,virtual/augmented reality,etc.展开更多
The multiplexing ability of a novel multiplexing fiber Bragg grating(FBG)method based on Optical Time Domain Reflecto meter(OTDR)and Time Division Multiplexing TDM technologies has been theoretically analyzed and stud...The multiplexing ability of a novel multiplexing fiber Bragg grating(FBG)method based on Optical Time Domain Reflecto meter(OTDR)and Time Division Multiplexing TDM technologies has been theoretically analyzed and studied.This method permits the interrogation of hundreds of identical FBGs with low reflectivity in a single fiber,making the FBG sensors more applicable in the aerospace health monitoring engineering.The analysis shows that the multiplexing ability can be greatly improved if the FBG reflectivity is sufficiently low.And hence,an inexpensive large-scale distributed sensing system based on this method can be realized,When evaluating the multiplexing ability of this system,we propose for the first time that the interference effect of multi-reflections among FBGs should be taken into consideration.展开更多
As a promising counterpart of two-dimensional metamaterials,metasurfaces enable to arbitrarily control the wavefront of light at subwavelength scale and hold promise for planar holography and applicable multiplexing d...As a promising counterpart of two-dimensional metamaterials,metasurfaces enable to arbitrarily control the wavefront of light at subwavelength scale and hold promise for planar holography and applicable multiplexing devices.Nevertheless,the degrees of freedom(DoF)to orthogonally multiplex data have been almost exhausted.Compared with state-of-theart methods that extensively employ the orthogonal basis such as wavelength,polarization or orbital angular momentum,we propose an unprecedented method of peristrophic multiplexing by combining the spatial frequency orthogonality with the subwavelength detour phase principle.The orthogonal relationship between the spatial frequency of incident light and the locally shifted building blocks of metasurfaces can be regarded as an additional DoF.We experimentally demonstrate the viability of the multiplexed holograms.Moreover,this newly-explored orthogonality is compatible with conventional DoFs.Our findings will contribute to the development of multiplexing metasurfaces and provide a novel solution to nanophotonics,such as large-capacity chip-scale devices and highly integrated communication.展开更多
The orbital angular momentum(OAM)of light has been implemented as an information carrier in OAM holography.Holographic information can be multiplexed in theoretical unbounded OAM channels,promoting the applications of...The orbital angular momentum(OAM)of light has been implemented as an information carrier in OAM holography.Holographic information can be multiplexed in theoretical unbounded OAM channels,promoting the applications of optically addressable dynamic display and high-security optical encryption.However,the frame-rate of the dynamic extraction of the information reconstruction process in OAM holography is physically determined by the switching speed of the incident OAM states,which is currently below 30 Hz limited by refreshing rate of the phase-modulation spatial light modulator(SLM).Here,based on a cross convolution with the spatial frequency of the OAM-multiplexing hologram,the spatial frequencies of an elaborately-designed amplitude distribution,namely amplitude decoding key,has been adopted for the extraction of three-dimensional holographic information encoded in a specific OAM information channel.We experimentally demonstrated a dynamic extraction frame rate of 100 Hz from an OAM multiplexing hologram with 10 information channels indicated by individual OAM values from-50 to 50.The new concept of cross convolution theorem can even provide the potential of parallel reproduction and distribution of information encoded in many OAM channels at various positions which boosts the capacity of information processing far beyond the traditional decoding methods.Thus,our results provide a holographic paradigm for high-speed 3D information processing,paving an unprecedented way to achieve the high-capacity short-range optical communication system.展开更多
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China(U23B2015,62288101,62501149)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20251323)+2 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2242023K5002)the 111 Project(111-2-05)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(GZB20250145).
摘要Programmable metasurfaces have shown exceptional potentials in wireless communications due to their capability to manipulate electromagnetic(EM)waves dynamically and flexibly.However,the large-scale application and flexible deployment of programmable metasurfaces still face challenges of high communication capacity requirements and stringent energy constraints.Here,we report an ambient-energy-driven space-time-coding metasurface to address these issues.On one hand,the metasurface can achieve efficient space-frequency-division multiplexing manipulations by dynamically controlling multiple frequencies and the spatial propagation directions of reflection EM waves.On the other hand,the shared-aperture ambient solar energy harvesting capability and low power consumption characteristic of the metasurface enable it to be self-powered without relying on any external power supply.To demonstrate these remarkable features,a four-channel wireless communication system prototype is built using the programmable metasurface.Experimental results confirm that four distinct images can be transmitted to four user terminals simultaneously,independently,and in real time with remarkably low energy consumption per bit.Such innovative metasurface provides a simple and effective approach for integrating ambient energy harvesting,multidimensional microwave manipulation,and direct information modulation on a single physical platform,which will advance the wireless communications in cost-effectiveness,enhanced capacity,energy efficiency,and environmental friendliness.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62271010)the High-performance Computing Platform of Peking University。
摘要Nonlinear frequency division multiplexing(NFDM)utilizes the nonlinear Fourier transform(NFT)to decompose signals into the nonlinear frequency domain that inherently resists fiber Kerr nonlinearity distortions.However,practical NFDM has been hindered by sensitivity to laser frequency offset and phase noise.In conventional NFDM receivers,a residual frequency offset typically remains before the NFT,whereas phase recovery performed after the NFT can only estimate the average phase rotation per burst,fundamentally limiting tolerance to frequency-phase impairments.In this work,we propose and experimentally demonstrate a residual carrier scheme to compensate for frequency offset and phase noise before the receiver NFT with sampling-point-level precision.Using a 3 MHz distributed feedback(DFB)laser,this scheme enables 1.0 Tb∕s PS-256 QAM NFDM transmission over 320 km,with a high spectral efficiency of 9.85 b∕s∕Hz.The Q2-factor degradation is only 0.85 dB as the total linewidth increases from 200 Hz to 3.1 MHz.The scheme achieves a Q2-factor improvement of 2.6 dB with 100 k Hz external cavity lasers and>6 dB with a 3 MHz DFB laser,compared with the conventional time-domain pilot method.To our knowledge,this is the first time NFDM demonstrates comparable tolerance to frequency-phase impairments as single-carrier systems.The proposed scheme desensitizes NFDM to frequency-phase impairments,overcoming a major barrier to practical deployment.
基金supports from National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFB2906304)National Natural Science Foundation of China(62025502)+1 种基金Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2024A1515012302)Guangdong Introducing Innovative and Entrepreneurial Teams of"The Pearl River Talent Recruitment Program"(2021ZT09X044).
摘要Hollow-core fibers(HCFs)are promising candidates for photonic data-center interconnects(DCIs)owing to their low loss,low latency,ultra-low nonlinearity,low dispersion,and broad transmission window.However,lossspectrum ripples significantly constrain both the usable bandwidth and the achievable capacity.To address such issue,we propose and experimentally demonstrate an entropy-loaded digital subcarrier multiplexing(DSM)transmission scheme over the nested anti-resonant nodeless fiber(NANF).Here,dynamic entropy is allocated to each subcarrier(SC)based on the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)variation induced by the loss-spectrum ripples.For single-channel transmission centered at 1550.12 nm,entropy-loaded probabilistic constellation shaping dual-polarization 256 quadrature amplitude modulation(PCS-DP-256QAM)DSM signals can realize a net bit-rate of 613.3 Gbit/s adaptive transmission over 2 km NANF having a peak-to-peak loss-spectrum ripple of 0.4 dB within a channel spacing of 0.51 nm.Meanwhile,this transmission remains nonlinear impairment-free even at a record-high launch power of 39 dBm.Furthermore,we demonstrate 40-channel dense wavelength division multiplexing(DWDM)DSM transmission over 10 km NANF,achieving a net bit-rate of more than 602.7 Gbit/s per wavelength and a total capacity of 24.14 Tbit/s,when the entropy-loaded PCS-DP-256QAM DSM signals are individually generated under a peak-to-peak loss-spectrum ripple of 0.7 dB over the extended C-band.Compared with conventional uniform-entropy DSM,our proposed scheme enhances the aggregate capacity by 18.28%.Such an innovative transmission scheme adaptive to broadband loss-spectrum ripples effectively unlocks the HCF full potential for photonic DCIs.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China-Yunnan Joint Fund(U2241236)National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.12564051。
摘要Self-trapped excitons(STEs)are generating significant interest due to their broadband emission and self-absorption-free advantages.However,achieving high-efficiency singletriplet STE near-infrared(NIR)emissive tuning remains challenging issues that originate from energy gap law and large Stokes shift.Herein,novel manganese iodide dimers have been demonstrated in CsI crystalline matrix with high photoluminescence quantum yields of 18%and 25%for singlet and triplet STE emissions up to 1200 nm,respectively,where ultrafast spin-flip process from triplet to singlet excited states is realized via Pb2+-doping strategy.Temperature-dependent steady-state,electron paramagnetic resonance,femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopic techniques and theoretical calculations verify intersystem crossing,and reverse intersystem crossing(RISC)processes are governed by the interplay between spin-orbit coupling(SOC)and Jahn–Teller(JT)effect.RISC is accelerated by enhanced SOC due to heavy-atom effects(Pb and I),suppressed JT distortions,and reduced excited-state structural reorganization,leading to RISC rate as fast as 6.7×1011 s‒1,more than two-order-of-magnitude enhancement before Pb doping.Moreover,a unified framework is developed including Mn2+-Mn2+ion pair,molecular orbital,and configurational coordinate diagram to interpret STE-based NIR emissions in 0D systems.These findings gain deep insights into ultrafast STE dynamics for designing highly emissive NIR materials toward photonic applications.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFB2803100)。
摘要We demonstrate a fully integrated eight-channel dense wavelength-division multiplexing silicon photonic transceiver supporting 200-Gbps per-channel PAM4 operation,enabling a total chip-to-chip data rate of 1.6 Tbps.The transmitter employs compact single-bus microring modulators,whereas the receiver adopts a polarization diversity architecture based on cascaded dual-ring filters and integrates a bidirectionally incident photodetector,maintaining stable performance under arbitrary input polarization.A unified multichannel thermo-optic feedback architecture is implemented at both the transmitter and receiver,enabling cooperative link-level wavelength alignment without pre-calibration.This multi-channel parallel control scheme reduces wavelength locking time by~30×while achieving fine wavelength-tracking accuracy of 2.74 pm with negligible thermal overhead.Comprehensive device-and system-level experiments validate the robustness and scalability of the proposed architecture.We uniquely address the critical bottlenecks of high polarization sensitivity and latency in wavelength alignment through a highly integrated silicon photonic architecture.By implementing polarization-splitting grating couplers and synchronized wavelengthlocking schemes,we provide a transformative solution for high-density co-packaged optics.Our approach significantly reduces system footprint,enhances operational reliability,and improves power efficiency,thereby bridging the gap between laboratory demonstrations and practical 1.6-Tbps scale chip-to-chip interconnects.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11804161)the Open Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Information Acquisition and Protection Technology(Grant No.OEIAPT202502)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant Nos.30923010907 and 2025201010)。
摘要Optical differentiation is crucial for high-speed image processing,but most optical analog spatial differentiators based on metasurfaces are currently limited to a single type of low-order differentiation operation.We present a dielectric metasurface composed of silicon hollow cylinders that leverages electric quadrupole(EQD)and magnetic dipole(MD)resonances to achieve wavelength-tunable two-dimensional(2D)multi-order differentiation.Specifically,at 1340 nm(MD-dominant),1140 nm(hybrid EQD–MD),and 1010 nm(EQD-dominant),the metasurface performs second-,fourth-,and sixth-order differentiations,respectively.The device features a 430-nm bandwidth,a maximum numerical aperture of 0.71,and a maximum transmittance of 96%,enabling high-quality edge extraction for complex images.We believe this to be the first integration of wavelength-division multiplexing and multi-order differentiation in a single-layer metasurface,advancing compact and multifunctional optical computing for applications such as autonomous driving and medical imaging.
基金supported by the Czech Science Foundation(GACR)under Project No.25-15534 M and the Grant Agency of the Czech Technical University in Prague,Grant No.SGS24/063/OHK4/1T/14supported by the EPFL internal project“High-speed multimodal super-resolution microscopy with SPAD arrays”and DOE/LLNL project“The 3DQ Microscope.”。
摘要Two-photon interference is a fundamental resource for quantum technologies and optical quantum computing,underpinning precision measurements,scalable entanglement distribution,and the operation of photonic circuits and quantum network protocols.Here,we report the first demonstration of massively parallel,wavelength-resolved photon bunching,revealing Hanbury Brown–Twiss correlations across 70 independent spectral channels.These observations are enabled by a fast,data-driven single-photon spectrometer that achieves 48 pm spectral and 48 ps temporal resolution over a 10 nm bandwidth,providing simultaneous access to spectro-temporal photon correlations without the need for narrowband filtering.This approach enables high-dimensional quantum interference measurements across a broad spectrum.Our results establish frequency-multiplexed two-photon interference as a scalable and throughput-efficient platform for quantum-enhanced photonic technologies,offering a practical route toward room-temperature architectures that overcome loss limitations and advance the scalability for a variety of applications.
基金financially supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research(grant No.18-29-20045)for WDM,MDM and hybrid WDM-MDM,WDM-PDM sectionsthe Russian Science Foundation(grant No.21-79-20075)for PDM,OAMM and hybrid PDM-MDM sectionsthe Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation under the FSRC"Crystallography and Photonics"of the Russian Academy of Sciences(the state task No.007-GZ/Ch3363/26)for comparative analysis.
摘要Herein,an attention-grabbing and up-to-date review related to major multiplexing techniques is presented which in-cludes wavelength division multiplexing(WDM),polarization division multiplexing(PDM),space division multiplexing(SDM),mode division multiplexing(MDM)and orbital angular momentum multiplexing(OAMM).Multiplexing is a mech-anism by which multiple signals are combined into a shared channel used to showcase the maximum capacity of the op-tical links.However,it is critical to develop hybrid multiplexing methods to allow enhanced channel numbers.In this re-view,we have also included hybrid multiplexing techniques such as WDM-PDM,WDM-MDM and PDM-MDM.It is prob-able to attain N×M channels by utilizing N wavelengths and M guided-modes by simply utilizing hybrid WDM-MDM(de)multiplexers.To the best of our knowledge,this review paper is one of its kind which has highlighted the most prom-inent and recent signs of progress in multiplexing techniques in one place.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFB2804704)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12174292,12374278,and 62105250).
摘要Advancements in mode-division multiplexing(MDM)techniques,aimed at surpassing the Shannon limit and augmenting transmission capacity,have garnered significant attention in optical fiber communica-tion,propelling the demand for high-quality multiplexers and demultiplexers.However,the criteria for ideal-mode multiplexers/demultiplexers,such as performance,scalability,compatibility,and ultra-compactness,have only partially been achieved using conventional bulky devices(e.g.,waveguides,grat-ings,and free space optics)—an issue that will substantially restrict the application of MDM techniques.Here,we present a neuro-meta-router(NMR)optimized through deep learning that achieves spatial multi-mode division and supports multi-channel communication,potentially offering scalability,com-patibility,and ultra-compactness.An MDM communication system based on an NMR is theoretically designed and experimentally demonstrated to enable simultaneous and independent multi-dataset transmission,showcasing a capacity of up to 100 gigabits per second(Gbps)and a symbol error rate down to the order of 104,all achieved without any compensation technologies or correlation devices.Our work presents a paradigm that merges metasurfaces,fiber communications,and deep learning,with potential applications in intelligent metasurface-aided optical interconnection,as well as all-optical pat-tern recognition and classification.
基金jointly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U21A20495)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BG2024023)+1 种基金National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFE0112000)111 Project (D17018)。
摘要Multiple quantum well(MQW) Ⅲ-nitride diodes that can simultaneously emit and detect light feature an overlapping region between their electroluminescence and responsivity spectra, which allows them to be simultaneously used as both a transmitter and a receiver in a wireless light communication system. Here, we demonstrate a mobile light communication system using a time-division multiplexing(TDM) scheme to achieve bidirectional data transmission via the same optical channel.Two identical blue MQW diodes are defined by software as a transmitter or a receiver. To address the light alignment issue, an image identification module integrated with a gimbal stabilizer is used to automatically detect the locations of moving targets;thus, underwater audio communication is realized via a mobile blue-light TDM communication mode. This approach not only uses a single link but also integrates mobile nodes in a practical network.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants U22A2008,12404484,12464016,and 62405219)the Double First Class Joint Special Key Project of Yunnan Science and Technology Department and Yunnan University(Grant 202401BF070001-012)Sichuan Provincial Science and Technology Support Program(Grant 25QNJJ2419).
摘要Dynamically tunable terahertz(THz)beam focusing plays a critical role in emerging applications including reconfigurable imaging,localized spectral analysis,and micro-machining.Conventional methods,however,frequently employ complex wavefront modulators and external control algorithms,resulting in increased system footprint and limited tuning efficiency.In this work,we present an all-silicon mechanically rotatable cascaded metasurface capable of dynamic THz beam focusing.By independently adjusting the relative rotation angles between the two metasurface layers,real-time repositioning of the focal spot is achieved for orthogonal circular polarization channels.The proposed design facilitates polarization-division multiplexing without requiring external algorithms or active materials while preserving high focusing efficiency and beam quality across a predefined focal plane.Numerical simulations reveal a quasi-linear shift of the focal position with the rotation angle,with stable focusing efficiency and full-width at half-maximum observed in both polarization channels.This strategy offers an efficient and reliable approach to dynamic wavefront control for compact,reconfigurable THz imaging,sensing,and communication systems.
基金Project supported by the Key Projects in the Guangzhou Science & Technology Pillar Program of China(Grant No.2008Z1-D501)the Guangdong Key Technologies Research & Development Program of China(Grant No.2007B010400009)+1 种基金the Guangdong Polytechnic Institute Scientific Research Fund,China(Grant No.0901)the Key Laboratory Program of Quantum Information of Chinese Academy of Sciences
摘要Three clock synchronization schemes for a quantum key distribution system are compared experimentally through the outdoor fibre and the interaction physical model of the the clock signal and the the quantum signal in the quantum key distribution system is analysed to propose a new synchronization scheme based on time division multiplexing and wavelength division multiplexing technology to reduce quantum bits error rates under some transmission rate conditions, The proposed synchronization scheme can not only completely eliminate noise photons from the bright background light of the the clock signal, but also suppress the fibre nonlinear crosstalk.
基金financial supports from Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China under Grant(No.2022YFC2203904)in part by Open Projects Foundation under Grant of State Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber and Cable Manufacture Technology(YOFC)(No.SKLD2306).
摘要Time division multiplexing(TDM)architecture is an important approach to creating sensor arrays for massive scale monitoring.But it is paradoxical for the TDM interferometric sensor array to keep a short delay fiber for high sensing resolution and meanwhile use low sampling rate for practical applications.In this paper,a phase matching sampling(PMS)paradigm is proposed to address the above contradiction.By matching the phase of the sampling clock with the delay fiber length,combining with multiple-pulses sampling strategy,the proposed PMS method can avoid collecting the redundant information,facilitating the decreasing of sampling rate as well as delay fiber length of the TDM sensing system.The proof-of-concept experiments on an 8-channel TDM interferometric system demonstrate that when the sampling rate is fixed at 20 MS/s,by applying the PMS algorithm,the delay fiber length can be shortened from 100 m to 1 m,compared with applying the conventional sampling method.It reduced the phase noise of the system by a factor of 10 at 1 mHz and by a factor of 50 at 1 Hz.The PMS algorithm for greatly reducing the sampling rate is expected to fuel the TDM interferometric sensor arrays for many applications.
摘要The development of optical transmission was summarized. The multiplexing system was show in detail. The concepts, characteristic, key technology, expand trend and application prospect of frequency division multiplexing, time division multiplexing, code division multiplexing and wave division multiplexing were illustrated.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62001249 and 61871234)the NUPTSF(Grant No.NY220004)the Scientific Research Project of College of Information Engineering,Fuyang Normal University(Grant No.FXG2021ZZ02)。
摘要We propose a new full color ghost imaging scheme using both time and code division multiplexing technologies.In the scheme,the speckle patterns of three colors(red,green and blue)are modulated with different time slots and codes.The light intensity is sampled by one bucket detector.Then based on the modulated time slots and codes,we can effectively and simultaneously extract three detection component signals corresponding to three color components of objects from the sampling signal of the bucket detector.Finally,three component images resulting from the three component detection signals can be synthesized into a full color image.The experimental results verify the feasibility of our scheme under the limit of the number of time slots and codes.Moreover,our scheme reduces the number of bucket detectors and can realize high quality imaging even in a noisy environment.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFA1401200)Beijing Outstanding Young Scientist Program(BJJWZYJH01201910007022)+2 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U21A20140,No.92050117)Beijing Municipal Science&Technology Commission,Administrative Commission of Zhongguancun Science Park(No.Z211100004821009)X.Li acknowledges the support from Beijing Institute of Technology Research Fund Program for Young Scholars(XSQD-201904005).
摘要Color metasurface holograms are powerful and versatile platforms for modulating the amplitude,phase,polarization,and other properties of light at multiple operating wavelengths.However,the current color metasurface holography can only realize static manipulation.In this study,we propose and demonstrate a multiplexing metasurface technique combined with multiwavelength code-division multiplexing(CDM)to realize dynamic manipulation.Multicolor code references are utilized to record information within a single metasurface and increase the information capacity and security for anticracks.A total of 48 monochrome images consisting of pure color characters and multilevel color video frames were reconstructed in dual polarization channels of the birefringent metasurface to exhibit high information density,and a video was displayed via sequential illumination of the corresponding code patterns to verify the ability of dynamic manipulation.Our approach demonstrates significant application potential in optical data storage,optical encryption,multiwavelengthversatile diffractive optical elements,and stimulated emission depletion microscopy.
基金the supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (61905073, 61835004, 62134001, 61905031, 62105263, 62275077)Fundamental Research Fund for the Central Universities (531118010189, 310202011qd002)+1 种基金the support from Xi’an Science and Technology Association Youth Talent Support Project (095920211306)the Postdoctoral Innovation Talent Support Program of China (BX20220388)
摘要Flat optical elements have attracted enormous attentions and act as promising candidates for the next generation of optical components.As one of the most outstanding representatives,liquid crystal(LC)has been widely applied in flat panel display industries and inspires the wavefront modulation with the development of LC alignment techniques.However,most LC elements perform only one type of optical manipulation and are difficult to realize the multifunctionality and light integration.Here,flat multifunctional liquid crystal elements(FMLCEs),merely composed of anisotropic LC molecules with space-variant orientations,are presented for multichannel information manipulation by means of polarization,space and wavelength multiplexing.Specifically,benefiting from the unique light response with the change of the incident polarization,observation plane,and working wavelength,a series of FMLCEs are demonstrated to achieve distinct near-and far-field display functions.The proposed strategy takes full advantage of basic optical parameters as the decrypted keys to improve the information capacity and security,and we expect it to find potential applications in information encryption,optical anti-counterfeiting,virtual/augmented reality,etc.
基金Foundation item:National Natural Science Foundation of China(10376001)
摘要The multiplexing ability of a novel multiplexing fiber Bragg grating(FBG)method based on Optical Time Domain Reflecto meter(OTDR)and Time Division Multiplexing TDM technologies has been theoretically analyzed and studied.This method permits the interrogation of hundreds of identical FBGs with low reflectivity in a single fiber,making the FBG sensors more applicable in the aerospace health monitoring engineering.The analysis shows that the multiplexing ability can be greatly improved if the FBG reflectivity is sufficiently low.And hence,an inexpensive large-scale distributed sensing system based on this method can be realized,When evaluating the multiplexing ability of this system,we propose for the first time that the interference effect of multi-reflections among FBGs should be taken into consideration.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Projects of Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province(IKKEM)No.HRTP202231partially supported by the Agency for Science,Technology,and Research(A*STAR)under AME IRG Grant Nos.A20E5c0095,and CDF Grant No.C210112044。
摘要As a promising counterpart of two-dimensional metamaterials,metasurfaces enable to arbitrarily control the wavefront of light at subwavelength scale and hold promise for planar holography and applicable multiplexing devices.Nevertheless,the degrees of freedom(DoF)to orthogonally multiplex data have been almost exhausted.Compared with state-of-theart methods that extensively employ the orthogonal basis such as wavelength,polarization or orbital angular momentum,we propose an unprecedented method of peristrophic multiplexing by combining the spatial frequency orthogonality with the subwavelength detour phase principle.The orthogonal relationship between the spatial frequency of incident light and the locally shifted building blocks of metasurfaces can be regarded as an additional DoF.We experimentally demonstrate the viability of the multiplexed holograms.Moreover,this newly-explored orthogonality is compatible with conventional DoFs.Our findings will contribute to the development of multiplexing metasurfaces and provide a novel solution to nanophotonics,such as large-capacity chip-scale devices and highly integrated communication.
摘要The orbital angular momentum(OAM)of light has been implemented as an information carrier in OAM holography.Holographic information can be multiplexed in theoretical unbounded OAM channels,promoting the applications of optically addressable dynamic display and high-security optical encryption.However,the frame-rate of the dynamic extraction of the information reconstruction process in OAM holography is physically determined by the switching speed of the incident OAM states,which is currently below 30 Hz limited by refreshing rate of the phase-modulation spatial light modulator(SLM).Here,based on a cross convolution with the spatial frequency of the OAM-multiplexing hologram,the spatial frequencies of an elaborately-designed amplitude distribution,namely amplitude decoding key,has been adopted for the extraction of three-dimensional holographic information encoded in a specific OAM information channel.We experimentally demonstrated a dynamic extraction frame rate of 100 Hz from an OAM multiplexing hologram with 10 information channels indicated by individual OAM values from-50 to 50.The new concept of cross convolution theorem can even provide the potential of parallel reproduction and distribution of information encoded in many OAM channels at various positions which boosts the capacity of information processing far beyond the traditional decoding methods.Thus,our results provide a holographic paradigm for high-speed 3D information processing,paving an unprecedented way to achieve the high-capacity short-range optical communication system.