The Neogene Shawan Formation in the Chepaizi Uplift of the Junggar Basin(NW China)has obtained high oil flow,demonstrating a good potential for oil and gas exploration.The multi-source hydrocarbon generation backgroun...The Neogene Shawan Formation in the Chepaizi Uplift of the Junggar Basin(NW China)has obtained high oil flow,demonstrating a good potential for oil and gas exploration.The multi-source hydrocarbon generation background and strong tectonic activity have led to the simultaneous production of heavy oil and light oil from multi-layer in the area,which makes it very difficult to identify oil origins,presently,the hot debate on the oil origins needs to be clarified.In this paper,due to the selective consumption of different types of compounds in crude oils by severe and intense biodegradation,the commonly used oilsource correlation tools are ineffective or may produce misleading results,this study adopted a biomarker recovery method based on the principle of mass conservation that uses the sum of the mass of the residual biomarkers and their corresponding biodegradation products to obtain the mass of the original biomarkers,improving the reliability of oil origins determination.Based on the nature and occurrence of crude oils,the investigated oils are subdivided into three types,Group A,Group B and Group C.Group A,light oils occurred mainly in lower structure Neogene Shawan Formation in the western Chepaizi Uplift,while Group B,heavy oils occurred mainly in higher structure Neogene Shawan Formation in the western Chepaizi Uplift.The two types of crude oils may come from the mixed source of Jurassic Badaowan Formation source rocks(J1b)and Paleogene Anjihaihe Formation source rocks(E2-3a)in the Sikeshu Sag,and Jurassic Badaowan Formation source rocks(J1b)are the main source of crude oils.Group C,heavy oils occurred mainly in Neogene Shawan Formation in the eastern Chepaizi Uplift,showing good correlation with the Permian(P1f and P2w)source rocks in the Shawan Sag.At the same time,by combining stable carbon isotope and parameters related to triaromatic steroids,the accuracy of the oilsource correlation results by biomarker recovery method was further verified.展开更多
As a significant carbon-based fuel resource,heavy oil requires feasible oil extraction method to increase the production efficiency.Cyclic solvent injection(CSI)method is acknowledged as an effective heavy oil recover...As a significant carbon-based fuel resource,heavy oil requires feasible oil extraction method to increase the production efficiency.Cyclic solvent injection(CSI)method is acknowledged as an effective heavy oil recovery method due to the relatively high oil production rate.In this study,mixture solvent-based CSI method and cyclic hot solvent injection(CHSI)method have been experimentally and numerically compared with each other to optimize the recovery approach for heavy oil mining process.For both methods,the initial reservoir pressure remains constant as 1860 kPa while the injection scheme is different.Experimental results demonstrate that 55℃ pure C3H8-based CHSI method is superior to mixture solvent(54%mol CO2 and 46%mol C3H8)method since the recovery factor of the CHSI method is 52.8%with longer highly productive period,while the recovery factor of the mixture solvent method is 28.9%.In the CHSI case,solvent chamber tends to expand and yield extra oil production because of the gas flooding effect,while the solvent chamber remains fixed in the mixture solvent case restricting solvent diffusion effect.The simulation study discovers that comparing with mixture solvent process,the CHSI process has demonstrated greater oil production potential due to higher mass transfer efficiency and stronger characteristics of foamy oil flow and solution gas drive.Besides,the solvent preparation method of the CHSI test presents a novel approach for preparing high temperature gas.In addition,this study shows the promising economic potential of the CHSI method through Net Present Value(NPV)calculation.展开更多
Tight oil is recognized as an important unconventional hydrocarbon resource.However,the exploitation of tight oil reservoirs faces serious challenges due to their low porosity and permeability,and conventional methods...Tight oil is recognized as an important unconventional hydrocarbon resource.However,the exploitation of tight oil reservoirs faces serious challenges due to their low porosity and permeability,and conventional methods often yield low oil recovery in these reservoirs.Therefore,enhancing oil recovery in tight oil reservoirs has become a key research focus.CO2 flooding can significantly improve oil mobility and further enhance oil displacement efficiency,representing a mature technology for enhanced oil recovery.Primary mechanisms behind this technology include viscosity reduction(by 50%-80%),oil volume expansion(volume expansion factor:1.19-1.53),miscibility,and improvement in wettability.Given that the low permeability of tight oil reservoirs and CO2 channeling frequently lead to poor oil displacement effects,researchers have proposed various composite technologies,including chemically and physically assisted technologies,CO2 foam flooding,and gravity-assisted CO2 flooding.This study reviews the current status and development trends of composite CO2 flooding technologies for tight oil reservoirs,analyzes their challenges and solutions,and proposes future research directions.The results of this study provide a reference for enhancing the productivity of tight oil reservoirs.展开更多
The oil yield of Brassica napus is determined by both seed yield and oil content.A previous study showed that strong RNA interference,designed to simultaneously knock down all four BnAP2 paralogs,reduced seed yield du...The oil yield of Brassica napus is determined by both seed yield and oil content.A previous study showed that strong RNA interference,designed to simultaneously knock down all four BnAP2 paralogs,reduced seed yield due to abnormal floral development in B.napus.However,the function of individual,specific BnAP2 paralogs in seed oil production and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.Here,we found that all four Bn AP2 paralogs present in the genome of the B.napus‘K407’inbred line were highly expressed in flowers and developing seeds;however,BnaA01.AP2 was minimally expressed in floral tissues.Interestingly,BnaA01.AP2 knockout mediated by CRISPR/Cas9 resulted in significant increases in both seed yield and oil content,thereby increasing overall seed oil yield without detectable negative effects on the other examined agronomic traits.Furthermore,we demonstrated that BnaA01.AP2 repressed oil accumulation by directly downregulating BnaA09.WRI1,BnaA03.BCCP1,BnaA09.L1L,and BnaC09.L1L and indirectly regulating a series of key genes involved in glycolysis,fatty acid biosynthesis,and triacylglycerol assembly during B.napus seed development.Our research not only provides insights into the regulatory mechanisms of seed oil accumulation but also provides promising genetic resources and germplasm for breeding cultivars with higher seed oil yield in B.napus.展开更多
Huff-n-puff(HnP)is currently an important means to enhance the oil recovery of tight oil reservoirs.In this study,taking tight sedimentary tuff oil reservoirs in Santanghu Basin,China as an example,the oil production ...Huff-n-puff(HnP)is currently an important means to enhance the oil recovery of tight oil reservoirs.In this study,taking tight sedimentary tuff oil reservoirs in Santanghu Basin,China as an example,the oil production law,pore utilization characteristics,and influencing factors of water,N2,CO2,N2 water alternating,and CO2 water alternating HnP(WHP,NHP,CHP,NWAHP,CWAHP)are comprehensively studied.The results show that middle pores(MPs)are the main pore utilization interval for various HnP mediums.The recovery rates(RRs)of five rounds of WHP,NHP,and CHP are 39.32%,44.45%,and 61.24%,with contribution rates(CRs)of MPs being 68.60%,47.87%,and 56.00%.The RRs and CRs of various pores are closely related to their pore distribution and the oil recovery mechanism of the medium.Under the experimental conditions of this study,the RR of CHP does not have an obvious rock sample size effect,with sweep depth exceeding 1.25 cm in each round.The RR of CHP is positively correlated with injection pressure and shut-in time,and the injection exceeding the rock fracture fracturing and 300 min shut-in time are recommended.The RRs of six rounds of NWAHP and CWAHP are 51.98% and 62.75%,with CRs of MPs being 60.39%and 58.32%.The oil recovery effect(ORE)of NWAHP is better than that of their individual,while the ORE of CWAHP is better than that of WHP but close to that of CHP.The alternating sequence affects the stage RR of NWAHP and CWAHP.The NWAHP and CWAHP have great advantages in improving RR,reducing injection cost,and stabilizing production,and are expected to achieve rapid development.展开更多
Taking typical difficult-to-produce heavy oil reservoirs as the research object,a multi-scale physical simulation experimental device for heavy oil thermal recovery and corresponding similarity criteria were establish...Taking typical difficult-to-produce heavy oil reservoirs as the research object,a multi-scale physical simulation experimental device for heavy oil thermal recovery and corresponding similarity criteria were established.The evolution characteristics of the temperature field and saturation field,as well as the variation patterns of development indices during cyclic steam stimulation,were clarified,and the steam channeling control capability of multicomponent thermal composite system was evaluated.It is found that,during cyclic steam stimulation,steam channeling primarily occurs along the main flow line in the direction of the maximum pressure differential horizontally,while steam channeling appears in the upper part of the reservoir as a result of steam override vertically.High-temperature steam causes the separation of light and heavy components in the heavy oil,with the light components being preferentially produced.The interaction between high-temperature steam and the reservoir induces particle migration and mineral dissolution,accelerating the steam channeling and thus degrading the development performance in later cycles.As the steam temperature increases,the heavy oil in large pores is continuously produced,and the oil displacement efficiency increases significantly.The multicomponent thermal composite flooding systems including the nitrogen foam system,the high-temperature profile control and displacement system,and the thermosetting profile control system all effectively mitigate steam channeling and significantly enhance oil recovery.They rank as the thermosetting profile control system,the high-temperature profile control and displacement system,and the nitrogen foam system,in a descending order of the increase in pressure differential and the enhancement of oil recovery.展开更多
The increasing global emphasis on sustainable energy has highlighted the need for alternative biofuels,particularly in agricultural countries like Thailand.However,challenges remain in utilizing nonedible and waste-ba...The increasing global emphasis on sustainable energy has highlighted the need for alternative biofuels,particularly in agricultural countries like Thailand.However,challenges remain in utilizing nonedible and waste-based feedstocks due to poor fuel properties and limited conversion efficiency.This study addresses these gaps byexploring the potential of underutilized and low-cost feedstocks-castor seed oil(CSO),waste cooking oil(WCO),and animal fat(ANF)-to produce high-quality biodiesel.The novelty of this work lies in optimizing ternary blends of these diverse feedstocks to overcome individual limitations,especially the high viscosity of CSO caused by its high ricinoleic acid content(89.26%).CSO was extracted using hexane maceration,yielding 50.07%±1.28%(mass)oil.VariousWCO:ANF:CSO ratios were investigated to improve fuel properties,and their chemical composition and physicochemical characteristics were analyzed using GC,1H-NMR,and FT-IR techniques.Two optimized blends-50:40:10 and 50:30:20-achieved significantly reduced viscosities(4.31 and 4.90 cSt,1 cSt=1 mm2·s-1),meeting ASTM D6751 and EN 14214 standards.These blends also exhibited high methyl ester content(>96.5%),good oxidative stability,and favorable coldflowproperties(pour and cloud points as low as-4Ⅶ℃).To evaluate reaction efficiency,transesterification kinetics were modeled using pseudo-first-orderassumptions.The ternary blend containing higher ANF content showed an enhanced reaction rate constant of 8.94×10-1h-1,indicating improved conversion efficiency.Engine performance tests using agricultural diesel engines demonstrated comparable power output to conventional diesel,while emissions of CO2,CO,HC,and NO2were significantlyreduced.Furthermore,performance of the biodiesel blends was similar to commercial B10 and B20 fuels.In summary,this study presents an innovative approach to biodiesel production by combining CSO,WCO,and ANF in optimal ratios to yield a renewable,cost-effective,and environmentally friendly fuel.展开更多
Crude oil recovery and residual oil distribution at the microscopic pore scale are governed by pore structure,wettability,and imbibition dynamics.However,the evolution of pore structure and wettability during spontane...Crude oil recovery and residual oil distribution at the microscopic pore scale are governed by pore structure,wettability,and imbibition dynamics.However,the evolution of pore structure and wettability during spontaneous imbibition and their impact on oil displacement efficiency remain poorly understood,particularly in saline lacustrine shale reservoirs with complex pore networks and variable wettability.The lack of a systematic framework linking imbibition to oil displacement efficiency hinders a comprehensive understanding of its controlling mechanisms,necessitating further investigation.Therefore,this study selected four typical lithologies from the Lucaogou Formation in the Jimusar Sag.Through a combination of methods,including high-pressure mercury intrusion(MIP),low-temperature N2 adsorption(LTN2A),CO2 adsorption(CO2GA),nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR),computer tomography scanning(CT),focused ion beam scanning electron microscopes(FIB–SEM)and QEMSCAN identification,along with multifractal theory and wettability index,the flow mechanisms of shale oil and the distribution of residual oil during pressurized spontaneous imbibition were investigated.The results:(1)All lithology samples exhibited a nonlinear recovery trend of"increase–decrease–increase"during pressurized spontaneous imbibition.(2)The pore connectivity of micritic dolomite is poor,with high heterogeneity.Dolomitic siltstone and arenaceous dolomite exhibit better mesopore connectivity and higher oil migration efficiency.Feldspathic lithic fine sandstone,with high pore connectivity,shows strong oil and gas aggregation and fluid transport capabilities in macropores.(3)Two typical residual oil distribution patterns and their controlling mechanisms were identified in the Lucaogou Formation shale reservoir:a macropore-dominated residual oil aggregation pattern associated with water-wet feldspathic lithic fine sandstones,and a micropore-mesopore dominated residual oil retention pattern commonly occurring in oil-wet micritic dolomite.This study systematically reveals the flow mechanisms of shale oil and the distribution of residual oil during pressurized spontaneous imbibition,based on the synergistic effects of mineral composition,pore structure,wettability,and capillary forces,providing a theoretical foundation and practical reference for improving shale oil recovery.展开更多
This study develops an innovative methodology for CO2 flooding optimization in tight oil reservoirs through a novel hybrid analytical framework that effectively combines Grey Relational Analysis(GRA),Entropy Weight...This study develops an innovative methodology for CO2 flooding optimization in tight oil reservoirs through a novel hybrid analytical framework that effectively combines Grey Relational Analysis(GRA),Entropy Weight Method(EWM),and Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP)in a logically structured decisionmaking process.The research achieves significant methodological advancement by intelligently integrating type-2 fuzzy logic with artificial neural networks to establish robust high-precision predictive models,while developing a comprehensive optimization system that innovatively correlates geologicalfluid characteristics with engineering parameters through systematic parameter coupling.The proposed framework introduces a new classification-based approach to formulate specific optimization criteria for different reservoir grades.Detailed comparative studies confirm that the staggered well-fracture network configuration provides optimal performance,offering clear technical advantages over alternative patterns in terms of both productivity enhancement and recovery efficiency.The framework's distinctive analytical capability enables a thorough evaluation of key controlling factors,with rigorous sensitivity analysis identifying porosity,oil saturation,effective reservoir thickness,crude oil viscosity,and crude oil density as dominant geological controls in Block W,while precisely quantifying the impact of operational parameters including fracturing clusters,horizontal interval length,and total gas injection volume.The optimization process employs an enhanced Particle Swarm-Genetic Hybrid System,where 151 iterations of intelligent algorithm refinement yield field-validated performance improvements.The resulting scheme demonstrates consistent effectiveness across reservoir grades,delivering 10%–25%cumulative production increase and over 8%recovery factor enhancement.This multidisciplinary approach provides a technically sound and practically viable solution for tight oil reservoir management,establishing a new methodological standard for CO2 flooding optimization that successfully overcomes several key limitations of traditional analytical approaches through its integrated,datadriven methodology.展开更多
Environmental pollution,energy consumption,and greenhouse gas emissions are critical global issues.To address these challenges,optimizing skimmer coatings is a major step in commercializing cleaning oil stains.This re...Environmental pollution,energy consumption,and greenhouse gas emissions are critical global issues.To address these challenges,optimizing skimmer coatings is a major step in commercializing cleaning oil stains.This research presents a novel approach to creating and refining oil absorbent coatings,introducing a unique oil spill removal skimmer enhanced with a super hydrophobic polyaniline(PANI)nanofiber coating.The goal of this study was to improve oil absorption performance,increase the contact angle,lower drag,reduce energy consumption,achieve high desirability,and lower production costs.PANI treated with hydrochloric acid was a key focus as it resulted in higher porosity and smaller pore diameters,providing a larger surface area,which are crucial factors for boosting oil absorption and minimizing drag.To optimize optimal nanofiber morphology,PANI synthesized with methanesulfonic acid was first dedoped and then redoped with hydrochloric acid.After optimization,the most effective skimmer coating was achieved using a formulation consisting of 0.1%PANI,an ammonium persulfate/aniline ratio of 0.4,and an acid/aniline ratio of 9.689,along with redoped PANI nanofibers.The optimized skimmer exhibited a remarkable contact angle of 177.477°.The coating achieved drag reduction of 32%,oil absorption of 88.725%,a cost of$1.710,and a desirability rating of 78.5%.In this study,an optimized skimmer coat containing super hydrophobic coat-PANI nanofibers was fabricated.By enhancing contact angle and reducing drag,these coatings increased the skimmer performance by improving oil absorption and reducing fuel consumption.展开更多
In the Jimusaer Sag of the Junggar Basin,crude oils from the upper and lower sweet-spot intervals of the Permian Lucaogou Formation display a pronounced“light-heavy reversal”in oil properties that indicates a fundam...In the Jimusaer Sag of the Junggar Basin,crude oils from the upper and lower sweet-spot intervals of the Permian Lucaogou Formation display a pronounced“light-heavy reversal”in oil properties that indicates a fundamental mismatch between oil composition and host rock maturity.To resolve this anomaly,this study integrates geological,geochemical,and petrophysical datasets and systematically evaluates the combined roles of thermal evolution,organofacies,wettability,abnormal overpressure,and migration-related fractionation on shale oil composition.On this basis,a“staged charging-cumulative charging”model is proposed to explain compositional heterogeneity in lacustrine shale oils.The results demonstrate that crude-oil compositions are jointly controlled by the extent of biomarker depletion,the temporal evolution of hydrocarbon charging,and the openness of the source-reservoir system,rather than by thermal maturity or organofacies alone.The upper sweet-spot interval is interpreted to have functioned as a semi-open system during early stages,in which hydrocarbon generation and expulsion were broadly synchronous,leading to preferential loss of early-generated,biomarker-rich heavy components,whereas progressive shale diagenesis at later stages promoted the retention of highly mature,light hydrocarbons.In contrast,the lower sweet-spot interval represents a relatively closed system,where hydrocarbons generated during multiple stages continuously accumulated and were preserved as mixed charges;overprinting by multi-phase fluids progressively weakened sterane isomerization signals,rendering them unreliable indicators of individual charging events or final thermal maturity.This charging behavior provides a reasonable explanation for anomalously low or distorted biomarker parameters observed in intervals of low or similar maturity.Overall,the proposed charging model reconciles the observed reversal in crude-oil properties and,by shifting the interpretive focus from static maturity assessment to charging dynamics,offers a new theoretical basis for understanding lacustrine shale oil accumulation processes,and guiding sweet-spot selection and exploration-development strategies.展开更多
Citrus is a genus of great economic importance and a complex history of hybridization.The aim of this work is to present the trajectory of essential oil(EO)from the citrus fruit peel to their main uses.The flavedo is ...Citrus is a genus of great economic importance and a complex history of hybridization.The aim of this work is to present the trajectory of essential oil(EO)from the citrus fruit peel to their main uses.The flavedo is a morpho-functional region of the citrus fruit peel where EO-producing cavity glands are located.The EO produced is the source of the characteristic citrus aroma relevant for flavor(food and beverage industry)and fragrance applications(perfumery).The citrus EO is dominated by monoterpene hydrocarbons.Out of these,D-limonene is the major compound in the peel EO of commercial citrus types,accounting for 30%and over 90%of its composition.Minor oxygenated components are important contributors to the distinct sensory characteristics.Selected studies on various citrus types indicate that EOs exhibit a strain-dependent antimicrobial activity as well as certain antioxidant activity relevant in particular for food preservation and active packaging.The most dynamic area of research is the optimization of delivery systems that seek to improve the stability and functionality across applications.The citrus value chain is integrated vertically,generating value for the customer and is linked horizontally to other value chains.Its main vulnerability resides in upstream production constraints from the agronomic segment that can potentially impact sustainability and supply.For the next decade,growth is projected for citrus flavor and fragrance markets.展开更多
In 2025, against the backdrop of the continued deepening of the dual carbon goals and accelerated energy transition, China's refined oil market continued and deepened its downward consumption trend. Annual refined...In 2025, against the backdrop of the continued deepening of the dual carbon goals and accelerated energy transition, China's refined oil market continued and deepened its downward consumption trend. Annual refined oil consumption reached 345 million tons, down 3.6% year-on-year, falling below the 2019 pre-pandemic level. The consumption structure demonstrates a “two declines and one rise” pattern: gasoline consumption fell by 3.9% year-on-year, diesel consumption dropped by 5.0% year-on-year, while jet fuel consumption rose by 3.7% year-on-year, albeit with significantly slower growth momentum. Looking ahead to 2026, total refined oil consumption is projected to decline further to 330 million tons, with the rate of decline expanding to 4.6%. The decline in gasoline and diesel consumption widened to 6.2% and 5.4% respectively, while jet fuel consumption growth accelerated to 4.5%. Refining enterprises are advised to pursue transformation with determination, capitalize on differentiated regional demands, and leverage financial instruments to manage market risks.展开更多
Increasing the oil content is a key objective in peanut breeding programs.Accurate identification of quantitative trait loci(QTLs)with linked markers for oil content can facilitate marker-assisted selection for high-o...Increasing the oil content is a key objective in peanut breeding programs.Accurate identification of quantitative trait loci(QTLs)with linked markers for oil content can facilitate marker-assisted selection for high-oil breeding.In this study,a highdensity bin map was constructed by resequencing a recombinant inbred line(RIL)population(ZH16×J11)consisting of 295 lines.The bin map contained 4,212 loci and had a total length of 1,162.3 c M.Ten QTLs for oil content were identified in six linkage groups.Notably,two of these QTLs,qOCB03.1 and qOCB06.1,were consistently detected in a minimum of three environments and explained up to 13.62%of the phenotypic variation.They have not been reported in previous studies and thus are novel QTLs.The combination of favorable alleles from qOCB03.1 and qOCB06 in the RIL population could increase oil content across multiple environments from 1.50 to 2.46%.Two insertions/deletions(In Dels)markers linked to qOCB03.1 and qOCB06.1 were developed,and their association with oil content was validated in another RIL population(ZH10×ICG12625)with diverse phenotypes.In addition,the high-resolution map allowed for the precise positioning of qOCB03.1 and qOCB06.1 within a 1.77 Mb interval on chromosome B03 and a 1.51 Mb interval on chromosome B06,respectively.The annotation of genomic variants,analysis of transcriptome sequencing,and evaluation of the allelic effects in 292 peanut varieties revealed two candidate genes associated with oil content for each of the two QTLs.The candidate genes identified in this study can enable the map-based cloning of key genes controlling oil content in peanut.Furthermore,these novel and stable QTLs and their tightly linked markers are valuable for marker-assisted breeding for greater oil content in peanut.展开更多
Lodging is a major constraint limiting oil flax production efficiency in northern China.Crop lodging susceptibility is closely related to stem lignin content,and the regulatory mechanisms by which nitrogen and potassi...Lodging is a major constraint limiting oil flax production efficiency in northern China.Crop lodging susceptibility is closely related to stem lignin content,and the regulatory mechanisms by which nitrogen and potassium fertilization interactively influence lignin biosynthesis in oil flax stems require further investigation.Therefore,this study aimed to enhance lodging resistance and increase grain yield in oil flax.We examined the interactive effects of different nitrogen (75,150,and 225 kg N ha–1) and potassium (60 and 90 kg K2O ha–1) fertilizer rates on lignin metabolism,lodging resistance,and grain yield during the 2022 and 2023 growing seasons.Results indicated that nitrogen and potassium fertilizer levels and their interactions promoted lignin accumulation,improved lodging resistance,and increased grain yield.Compared to the control (CK),the75–150 kg N ha–1 combined with 60 kg K2O ha–1 treatments significantly enhanced the activities of key lignin-synthesizing enzymes (tyrosine ammonia-lyase (TAL),phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL),cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD),and peroxidase (POD)) and upregulated the expression of 4CL1 and F5H3 genes,leading to a 29.63–43.30%increase in lignin content,improved stem bending strength and lodging resistance index,and a 23.27–32.34%increase in grain yield.Correlation analysis revealed that nitrogen and potassium fertilizers positively regulated enzyme activities and gene expression related to lignin biosynthesis,thereby facilitating lignin accumulation and enhancing stem mechanical strength and lodging resistance.Positive correlations were observed among lignin-related enzyme activities,gene expression,lodging resistance traits,and grain yield.In summary,the application of 75–150 kg N ha–1 in conjunction with 60 kg K2O ha–1promoted lignin biosynthesis and accumulation,enhanced lodging resistance,and increased grain yield in oil flax grown in the dryland farming region of central Gansu,China.Furthermore,this treatment provides a technical basis for cultivating stress-tolerant and high-yield oil flax in arid regions.展开更多
Addressing the growing challenge of oil pollution,this study presents a green and efficient strategy for fabricating biodegradable poly(lactic acid)/poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)alc(PLA/PBAT/Talc)composite f...Addressing the growing challenge of oil pollution,this study presents a green and efficient strategy for fabricating biodegradable poly(lactic acid)/poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)alc(PLA/PBAT/Talc)composite foams with high volume expansion ratio(VER),excellent compression resilience,and superior oil absorption performance via synergistic melt blending and supercritical CO2(scCO2)batch foaming.By strategically incorporating PBAT(10 wt%)and talc(3 wt%)into the PLA matrix,and by optimizing the foaming temperatures,the melt strength and crystallization behavior were effectively tailored.The resultant PLA/PBAT-T3 foam achieved a VER exceeding 45 and an open-cell content(OCC)of 85%.Cyclic compression tests demonstrated that the PLA/PBAT-T3 foam fabricated at 100℃ exhibited the lowest permanent deformation,indicating superior structural integrity.Remarkably,the foam exhibited equilibrium oil absorptioncapacities(Q)of 22.2 g·g-1 for silicone oil and 13.4 g·g-1 for cyclohexane.A significant correlation was established,revealing that Q,is directly proportional to the multiplication of VER and OCC.The foam also demonstrated excellent reusability,retaining over 85%of its initial absorption capacity after 10 consecutive absorption-desorption cycles.This work provides a viable strategy for engineering biodegradable and recyclable oil-sorbent materials,while also advancing the application potential of PLA-based composites in sustainable environmental remediation technologies.展开更多
Oil palm fiber is a natural fiber derived from agricultural biomass and has gained significant attention as an alternative reinforcement material in composite materials due to its abundance,renewability,and environmen...Oil palm fiber is a natural fiber derived from agricultural biomass and has gained significant attention as an alternative reinforcement material in composite materials due to its abundance,renewability,and environmental benefits.This review explores the various enhancement techniques applied to oil palm fiber to improve its properties for composite material development.Key areas of focus include chemical treatments,physical modifications,and hybridization with other fibers to improve fiber-matrix bonding,mechanical strength,and thermal stability.Integration of nanomaterials and bio-based resins to enhance the performance and sustainability of oil palm fiber composites is also discussed.Applications in industries such as automotive,construction,packaging,and consumer goods highlighted the potential for these composites to replace traditional,non-renewable materials.Challenges such as fiber variability,production scalability,and market adoption were examined,along with future directions in advancing oil palm fiber-based composites.展开更多
Characterizing shale oil reservoirs encompassing pore space,mineralogy,and fluids is fundamental to effective exploration and development.Recent advances in experimental techniques have significantly improved both the...Characterizing shale oil reservoirs encompassing pore space,mineralogy,and fluids is fundamental to effective exploration and development.Recent advances in experimental techniques have significantly improved both the qualitative and quantitative analysis of these components;however,a comprehensive systematic review is lacking.High-resolution imaging technologies,such as Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM),Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy(FE-SEM),and Focused Ion Beam Scanning Electron Microscopy(FIB-SEM),enable detailed visualization of pore structures.Gas adsorption and high-pressure mercury intrusion methods provide accurate pore-scale quantification.Moreover,techniques like X-ray Diffraction(XRD),X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy(XRF),and Electron Probe Microanalysis(EPMA)allow precise mineral identification and compositional analysis.Confocal Scanning Laser Microscopy(CSLM),Raman Spectroscopy,Nuclear Magnetic Resonance(NMR),and Rock Pyrolysis provide insights into fluid occurrence and content within shale reservoirs.Based on a comprehensive review of existing research,this study identifies several key future directions:(1)addressing the challenges of nanopore observation in reservoir space characterization while minimizing the impact of sample preparation on pore structure;(2)improving the accuracy of quantitative mineral analysis and developing advanced new technologies for the precise measurement of complex mineral compositions;(3)enhancing the fluid quantitative evaluation of fluids by more effectively restoring subsurface geological conditions.This paper presents a current synthesis and forward-looking perspective on experimental techniques supporting shale oil exploration,aiming to guide future research and technological innovation in this field.展开更多
Based on the analysis of typical lacustrine shale oil zones in China and their geological characteristics,this study elucidates the fundamental differences between the enrichment patterns of shale oil sweet spots and ...Based on the analysis of typical lacustrine shale oil zones in China and their geological characteristics,this study elucidates the fundamental differences between the enrichment patterns of shale oil sweet spots and conventional oil and gas.The key parameters and evaluation methods for assessing the large-scale production potential of lacustrine shale oil are proposed.The results show that shale oil is a petroleum resource that exists in organic-rich shale formations,in other words,it is preserved in its source bed,following a different process of generation-accumulation-enrichment from conventional oil and gas.Thus,the concept of“reservoir”seems to be inapplicable to shale oil.In China,lacustrine shale oil is distributed widely,but the geological characteristics and sweet spots enrichment patterns of shale oil vary significantly in lacustrine basins where the water environment and the tectonic evolution and diagenetic transformation frameworks are distinct.The core of the evaluation of lacustrine shale oil is“sweet spot volume”.The key factors for evaluating the large-scale production of continental shale oil are the oil storage capacity,oil-bearing capacity and oil producing capacity.The key parameters for evaluating these capacities are total porosity,oil content,and free oil content,respectively.It is recommended to determine the total porosity of shale by combining helium porosity measurement with nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)method,the oil content of key layers by using organic solvent extraction,NMR method and high pressure mercury intrusion methods,and the free oil content by using NMR fluid distribution secondary spectral stripping decomposition and logging.The research results contribute supplemental insights on continental shale oil deliverability in China,and provide a scientific basis for the rapid exploration and large-scale production of lacustrine shale oil.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the effects of shortening the duration of silicone oil tamponade on retinal structure and function in patients undergoing silicone oil removal(SOR)after surgery for primary rhegmatogenous retinal de...AIM:To investigate the effects of shortening the duration of silicone oil tamponade on retinal structure and function in patients undergoing silicone oil removal(SOR)after surgery for primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment(RRD).METHODS:A total of 58 eligible patients were enrolled and randomly assigned to two groups based on tamponade duration:the short-term group(30-45d)and the conventional group(≥90d).Comprehensive evaluations were performed before and after SOR,including slitlamp examination,best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA)measurement,intraocular pressure(IOP)testing,optical coherence tomography(OCT),optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA),microperimetry,electroretinography(ERG),and visual evoked potential(VEP)assessment.RESULTS:A total of 33 patients(23 males and 10 females;33 eyes)were enrolled in the short-term SO tamponade group with mean age of 52.45±9.35y,and 25 patients(15 males and 10 females;25 eyes)were enrolled in the conventional SO tamponade group with mean age of 50.80±12.06y.Compared with the conventional group,the short-term silicone oil tamponade group had a significantly lower incidence of silicone oil emulsification and cataract progression,with no significant difference in retinal reattachment success rate.Structurally,short-term tamponade was associated with increased thickness of the retinal ganglion cell layer(RGCL)in the nasal and superior macular regions and improved recovery of superficial retinal vascular density in these areas.Functionally,the shortterm group showed better BCVA and retinal sensitivity both before and 1mo after SOR;additionally,the P100 amplitude in VEP tests was significantly increased in this group.CONCLUSION:Shortening the duration of silicone oil tamponade effectively reduces damage to retinal structure and function without compromising the success rate of retinal reattachment in patients with primary RRD.展开更多
基金co-funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42372160,42072172)。
摘要The Neogene Shawan Formation in the Chepaizi Uplift of the Junggar Basin(NW China)has obtained high oil flow,demonstrating a good potential for oil and gas exploration.The multi-source hydrocarbon generation background and strong tectonic activity have led to the simultaneous production of heavy oil and light oil from multi-layer in the area,which makes it very difficult to identify oil origins,presently,the hot debate on the oil origins needs to be clarified.In this paper,due to the selective consumption of different types of compounds in crude oils by severe and intense biodegradation,the commonly used oilsource correlation tools are ineffective or may produce misleading results,this study adopted a biomarker recovery method based on the principle of mass conservation that uses the sum of the mass of the residual biomarkers and their corresponding biodegradation products to obtain the mass of the original biomarkers,improving the reliability of oil origins determination.Based on the nature and occurrence of crude oils,the investigated oils are subdivided into three types,Group A,Group B and Group C.Group A,light oils occurred mainly in lower structure Neogene Shawan Formation in the western Chepaizi Uplift,while Group B,heavy oils occurred mainly in higher structure Neogene Shawan Formation in the western Chepaizi Uplift.The two types of crude oils may come from the mixed source of Jurassic Badaowan Formation source rocks(J1b)and Paleogene Anjihaihe Formation source rocks(E2-3a)in the Sikeshu Sag,and Jurassic Badaowan Formation source rocks(J1b)are the main source of crude oils.Group C,heavy oils occurred mainly in Neogene Shawan Formation in the eastern Chepaizi Uplift,showing good correlation with the Permian(P1f and P2w)source rocks in the Shawan Sag.At the same time,by combining stable carbon isotope and parameters related to triaromatic steroids,the accuracy of the oilsource correlation results by biomarker recovery method was further verified.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52374049,52304048)the geological survey projects of China Geological Survey(DD20221700,DD20230063)for their technical supportGuangzhou Science and Technology Plan Project(202102020610).
摘要As a significant carbon-based fuel resource,heavy oil requires feasible oil extraction method to increase the production efficiency.Cyclic solvent injection(CSI)method is acknowledged as an effective heavy oil recovery method due to the relatively high oil production rate.In this study,mixture solvent-based CSI method and cyclic hot solvent injection(CHSI)method have been experimentally and numerically compared with each other to optimize the recovery approach for heavy oil mining process.For both methods,the initial reservoir pressure remains constant as 1860 kPa while the injection scheme is different.Experimental results demonstrate that 55℃ pure C3H8-based CHSI method is superior to mixture solvent(54%mol CO2 and 46%mol C3H8)method since the recovery factor of the CHSI method is 52.8%with longer highly productive period,while the recovery factor of the mixture solvent method is 28.9%.In the CHSI case,solvent chamber tends to expand and yield extra oil production because of the gas flooding effect,while the solvent chamber remains fixed in the mixture solvent case restricting solvent diffusion effect.The simulation study discovers that comparing with mixture solvent process,the CHSI process has demonstrated greater oil production potential due to higher mass transfer efficiency and stronger characteristics of foamy oil flow and solution gas drive.Besides,the solvent preparation method of the CHSI test presents a novel approach for preparing high temperature gas.In addition,this study shows the promising economic potential of the CHSI method through Net Present Value(NPV)calculation.
基金funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U22B6005)。
摘要Tight oil is recognized as an important unconventional hydrocarbon resource.However,the exploitation of tight oil reservoirs faces serious challenges due to their low porosity and permeability,and conventional methods often yield low oil recovery in these reservoirs.Therefore,enhancing oil recovery in tight oil reservoirs has become a key research focus.CO2 flooding can significantly improve oil mobility and further enhance oil displacement efficiency,representing a mature technology for enhanced oil recovery.Primary mechanisms behind this technology include viscosity reduction(by 50%-80%),oil volume expansion(volume expansion factor:1.19-1.53),miscibility,and improvement in wettability.Given that the low permeability of tight oil reservoirs and CO2 channeling frequently lead to poor oil displacement effects,researchers have proposed various composite technologies,including chemically and physically assisted technologies,CO2 foam flooding,and gravity-assisted CO2 flooding.This study reviews the current status and development trends of composite CO2 flooding technologies for tight oil reservoirs,analyzes their challenges and solutions,and proposes future research directions.The results of this study provide a reference for enhancing the productivity of tight oil reservoirs.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD1200400)the Scientific and Technological Innovation Team of Shaanxi Province(2024RSCXTD-69)+1 种基金the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province(2025NC-YBXM-012)a grant from the Yangling Agricultural Hi-tech Industries Demonstration Zone(2024NY-25)。
摘要The oil yield of Brassica napus is determined by both seed yield and oil content.A previous study showed that strong RNA interference,designed to simultaneously knock down all four BnAP2 paralogs,reduced seed yield due to abnormal floral development in B.napus.However,the function of individual,specific BnAP2 paralogs in seed oil production and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.Here,we found that all four Bn AP2 paralogs present in the genome of the B.napus‘K407’inbred line were highly expressed in flowers and developing seeds;however,BnaA01.AP2 was minimally expressed in floral tissues.Interestingly,BnaA01.AP2 knockout mediated by CRISPR/Cas9 resulted in significant increases in both seed yield and oil content,thereby increasing overall seed oil yield without detectable negative effects on the other examined agronomic traits.Furthermore,we demonstrated that BnaA01.AP2 repressed oil accumulation by directly downregulating BnaA09.WRI1,BnaA03.BCCP1,BnaA09.L1L,and BnaC09.L1L and indirectly regulating a series of key genes involved in glycolysis,fatty acid biosynthesis,and triacylglycerol assembly during B.napus seed development.Our research not only provides insights into the regulatory mechanisms of seed oil accumulation but also provides promising genetic resources and germplasm for breeding cultivars with higher seed oil yield in B.napus.
基金supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2024MD753988)Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(GZB20240614)+1 种基金Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi(2025JC-YBQN-716)Scientific Research Program Funded by Shaanxi Provincial Education Department(24JR131).
摘要Huff-n-puff(HnP)is currently an important means to enhance the oil recovery of tight oil reservoirs.In this study,taking tight sedimentary tuff oil reservoirs in Santanghu Basin,China as an example,the oil production law,pore utilization characteristics,and influencing factors of water,N2,CO2,N2 water alternating,and CO2 water alternating HnP(WHP,NHP,CHP,NWAHP,CWAHP)are comprehensively studied.The results show that middle pores(MPs)are the main pore utilization interval for various HnP mediums.The recovery rates(RRs)of five rounds of WHP,NHP,and CHP are 39.32%,44.45%,and 61.24%,with contribution rates(CRs)of MPs being 68.60%,47.87%,and 56.00%.The RRs and CRs of various pores are closely related to their pore distribution and the oil recovery mechanism of the medium.Under the experimental conditions of this study,the RR of CHP does not have an obvious rock sample size effect,with sweep depth exceeding 1.25 cm in each round.The RR of CHP is positively correlated with injection pressure and shut-in time,and the injection exceeding the rock fracture fracturing and 300 min shut-in time are recommended.The RRs of six rounds of NWAHP and CWAHP are 51.98% and 62.75%,with CRs of MPs being 60.39%and 58.32%.The oil recovery effect(ORE)of NWAHP is better than that of their individual,while the ORE of CWAHP is better than that of WHP but close to that of CHP.The alternating sequence affects the stage RR of NWAHP and CWAHP.The NWAHP and CWAHP have great advantages in improving RR,reducing injection cost,and stabilizing production,and are expected to achieve rapid development.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(U25B6006)。
摘要Taking typical difficult-to-produce heavy oil reservoirs as the research object,a multi-scale physical simulation experimental device for heavy oil thermal recovery and corresponding similarity criteria were established.The evolution characteristics of the temperature field and saturation field,as well as the variation patterns of development indices during cyclic steam stimulation,were clarified,and the steam channeling control capability of multicomponent thermal composite system was evaluated.It is found that,during cyclic steam stimulation,steam channeling primarily occurs along the main flow line in the direction of the maximum pressure differential horizontally,while steam channeling appears in the upper part of the reservoir as a result of steam override vertically.High-temperature steam causes the separation of light and heavy components in the heavy oil,with the light components being preferentially produced.The interaction between high-temperature steam and the reservoir induces particle migration and mineral dissolution,accelerating the steam channeling and thus degrading the development performance in later cycles.As the steam temperature increases,the heavy oil in large pores is continuously produced,and the oil displacement efficiency increases significantly.The multicomponent thermal composite flooding systems including the nitrogen foam system,the high-temperature profile control and displacement system,and the thermosetting profile control system all effectively mitigate steam channeling and significantly enhance oil recovery.They rank as the thermosetting profile control system,the high-temperature profile control and displacement system,and the nitrogen foam system,in a descending order of the increase in pressure differential and the enhancement of oil recovery.
基金funded by the New,Mid,and Eminent Researchers Development Program under Sakon Nakhon Rajabhat University's annual income budget for the fiscalyear 2025(Contract No.P1-3/2025).
摘要The increasing global emphasis on sustainable energy has highlighted the need for alternative biofuels,particularly in agricultural countries like Thailand.However,challenges remain in utilizing nonedible and waste-based feedstocks due to poor fuel properties and limited conversion efficiency.This study addresses these gaps byexploring the potential of underutilized and low-cost feedstocks-castor seed oil(CSO),waste cooking oil(WCO),and animal fat(ANF)-to produce high-quality biodiesel.The novelty of this work lies in optimizing ternary blends of these diverse feedstocks to overcome individual limitations,especially the high viscosity of CSO caused by its high ricinoleic acid content(89.26%).CSO was extracted using hexane maceration,yielding 50.07%±1.28%(mass)oil.VariousWCO:ANF:CSO ratios were investigated to improve fuel properties,and their chemical composition and physicochemical characteristics were analyzed using GC,1H-NMR,and FT-IR techniques.Two optimized blends-50:40:10 and 50:30:20-achieved significantly reduced viscosities(4.31 and 4.90 cSt,1 cSt=1 mm2·s-1),meeting ASTM D6751 and EN 14214 standards.These blends also exhibited high methyl ester content(>96.5%),good oxidative stability,and favorable coldflowproperties(pour and cloud points as low as-4Ⅶ℃).To evaluate reaction efficiency,transesterification kinetics were modeled using pseudo-first-orderassumptions.The ternary blend containing higher ANF content showed an enhanced reaction rate constant of 8.94×10-1h-1,indicating improved conversion efficiency.Engine performance tests using agricultural diesel engines demonstrated comparable power output to conventional diesel,while emissions of CO2,CO,HC,and NO2were significantlyreduced.Furthermore,performance of the biodiesel blends was similar to commercial B10 and B20 fuels.In summary,this study presents an innovative approach to biodiesel production by combining CSO,WCO,and ANF in optimal ratios to yield a renewable,cost-effective,and environmentally friendly fuel.
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(4167020295)the Strategic Cooperation Technology Project of CNPC and CUPB(ZLZX 2020-01-05)。
摘要Crude oil recovery and residual oil distribution at the microscopic pore scale are governed by pore structure,wettability,and imbibition dynamics.However,the evolution of pore structure and wettability during spontaneous imbibition and their impact on oil displacement efficiency remain poorly understood,particularly in saline lacustrine shale reservoirs with complex pore networks and variable wettability.The lack of a systematic framework linking imbibition to oil displacement efficiency hinders a comprehensive understanding of its controlling mechanisms,necessitating further investigation.Therefore,this study selected four typical lithologies from the Lucaogou Formation in the Jimusar Sag.Through a combination of methods,including high-pressure mercury intrusion(MIP),low-temperature N2 adsorption(LTN2A),CO2 adsorption(CO2GA),nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR),computer tomography scanning(CT),focused ion beam scanning electron microscopes(FIB–SEM)and QEMSCAN identification,along with multifractal theory and wettability index,the flow mechanisms of shale oil and the distribution of residual oil during pressurized spontaneous imbibition were investigated.The results:(1)All lithology samples exhibited a nonlinear recovery trend of"increase–decrease–increase"during pressurized spontaneous imbibition.(2)The pore connectivity of micritic dolomite is poor,with high heterogeneity.Dolomitic siltstone and arenaceous dolomite exhibit better mesopore connectivity and higher oil migration efficiency.Feldspathic lithic fine sandstone,with high pore connectivity,shows strong oil and gas aggregation and fluid transport capabilities in macropores.(3)Two typical residual oil distribution patterns and their controlling mechanisms were identified in the Lucaogou Formation shale reservoir:a macropore-dominated residual oil aggregation pattern associated with water-wet feldspathic lithic fine sandstones,and a micropore-mesopore dominated residual oil retention pattern commonly occurring in oil-wet micritic dolomite.This study systematically reveals the flow mechanisms of shale oil and the distribution of residual oil during pressurized spontaneous imbibition,based on the synergistic effects of mineral composition,pore structure,wettability,and capillary forces,providing a theoretical foundation and practical reference for improving shale oil recovery.
基金funded by the Youth Scienceof the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52204070)。
摘要This study develops an innovative methodology for CO2 flooding optimization in tight oil reservoirs through a novel hybrid analytical framework that effectively combines Grey Relational Analysis(GRA),Entropy Weight Method(EWM),and Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP)in a logically structured decisionmaking process.The research achieves significant methodological advancement by intelligently integrating type-2 fuzzy logic with artificial neural networks to establish robust high-precision predictive models,while developing a comprehensive optimization system that innovatively correlates geologicalfluid characteristics with engineering parameters through systematic parameter coupling.The proposed framework introduces a new classification-based approach to formulate specific optimization criteria for different reservoir grades.Detailed comparative studies confirm that the staggered well-fracture network configuration provides optimal performance,offering clear technical advantages over alternative patterns in terms of both productivity enhancement and recovery efficiency.The framework's distinctive analytical capability enables a thorough evaluation of key controlling factors,with rigorous sensitivity analysis identifying porosity,oil saturation,effective reservoir thickness,crude oil viscosity,and crude oil density as dominant geological controls in Block W,while precisely quantifying the impact of operational parameters including fracturing clusters,horizontal interval length,and total gas injection volume.The optimization process employs an enhanced Particle Swarm-Genetic Hybrid System,where 151 iterations of intelligent algorithm refinement yield field-validated performance improvements.The resulting scheme demonstrates consistent effectiveness across reservoir grades,delivering 10%–25%cumulative production increase and over 8%recovery factor enhancement.This multidisciplinary approach provides a technically sound and practically viable solution for tight oil reservoir management,establishing a new methodological standard for CO2 flooding optimization that successfully overcomes several key limitations of traditional analytical approaches through its integrated,datadriven methodology.
摘要Environmental pollution,energy consumption,and greenhouse gas emissions are critical global issues.To address these challenges,optimizing skimmer coatings is a major step in commercializing cleaning oil stains.This research presents a novel approach to creating and refining oil absorbent coatings,introducing a unique oil spill removal skimmer enhanced with a super hydrophobic polyaniline(PANI)nanofiber coating.The goal of this study was to improve oil absorption performance,increase the contact angle,lower drag,reduce energy consumption,achieve high desirability,and lower production costs.PANI treated with hydrochloric acid was a key focus as it resulted in higher porosity and smaller pore diameters,providing a larger surface area,which are crucial factors for boosting oil absorption and minimizing drag.To optimize optimal nanofiber morphology,PANI synthesized with methanesulfonic acid was first dedoped and then redoped with hydrochloric acid.After optimization,the most effective skimmer coating was achieved using a formulation consisting of 0.1%PANI,an ammonium persulfate/aniline ratio of 0.4,and an acid/aniline ratio of 9.689,along with redoped PANI nanofibers.The optimized skimmer exhibited a remarkable contact angle of 177.477°.The coating achieved drag reduction of 32%,oil absorption of 88.725%,a cost of$1.710,and a desirability rating of 78.5%.In this study,an optimized skimmer coat containing super hydrophobic coat-PANI nanofibers was fabricated.By enhancing contact angle and reducing drag,these coatings increased the skimmer performance by improving oil absorption and reducing fuel consumption.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42173030,42302161,42473034)State Science and Technology Major Project for New Oil and Gas Exploration and Development,Ministry of Science and Technology(2025ZD1400803)。
摘要In the Jimusaer Sag of the Junggar Basin,crude oils from the upper and lower sweet-spot intervals of the Permian Lucaogou Formation display a pronounced“light-heavy reversal”in oil properties that indicates a fundamental mismatch between oil composition and host rock maturity.To resolve this anomaly,this study integrates geological,geochemical,and petrophysical datasets and systematically evaluates the combined roles of thermal evolution,organofacies,wettability,abnormal overpressure,and migration-related fractionation on shale oil composition.On this basis,a“staged charging-cumulative charging”model is proposed to explain compositional heterogeneity in lacustrine shale oils.The results demonstrate that crude-oil compositions are jointly controlled by the extent of biomarker depletion,the temporal evolution of hydrocarbon charging,and the openness of the source-reservoir system,rather than by thermal maturity or organofacies alone.The upper sweet-spot interval is interpreted to have functioned as a semi-open system during early stages,in which hydrocarbon generation and expulsion were broadly synchronous,leading to preferential loss of early-generated,biomarker-rich heavy components,whereas progressive shale diagenesis at later stages promoted the retention of highly mature,light hydrocarbons.In contrast,the lower sweet-spot interval represents a relatively closed system,where hydrocarbons generated during multiple stages continuously accumulated and were preserved as mixed charges;overprinting by multi-phase fluids progressively weakened sterane isomerization signals,rendering them unreliable indicators of individual charging events or final thermal maturity.This charging behavior provides a reasonable explanation for anomalously low or distorted biomarker parameters observed in intervals of low or similar maturity.Overall,the proposed charging model reconciles the observed reversal in crude-oil properties and,by shifting the interpretive focus from static maturity assessment to charging dynamics,offers a new theoretical basis for understanding lacustrine shale oil accumulation processes,and guiding sweet-spot selection and exploration-development strategies.
摘要Citrus is a genus of great economic importance and a complex history of hybridization.The aim of this work is to present the trajectory of essential oil(EO)from the citrus fruit peel to their main uses.The flavedo is a morpho-functional region of the citrus fruit peel where EO-producing cavity glands are located.The EO produced is the source of the characteristic citrus aroma relevant for flavor(food and beverage industry)and fragrance applications(perfumery).The citrus EO is dominated by monoterpene hydrocarbons.Out of these,D-limonene is the major compound in the peel EO of commercial citrus types,accounting for 30%and over 90%of its composition.Minor oxygenated components are important contributors to the distinct sensory characteristics.Selected studies on various citrus types indicate that EOs exhibit a strain-dependent antimicrobial activity as well as certain antioxidant activity relevant in particular for food preservation and active packaging.The most dynamic area of research is the optimization of delivery systems that seek to improve the stability and functionality across applications.The citrus value chain is integrated vertically,generating value for the customer and is linked horizontally to other value chains.Its main vulnerability resides in upstream production constraints from the agronomic segment that can potentially impact sustainability and supply.For the next decade,growth is projected for citrus flavor and fragrance markets.
摘要In 2025, against the backdrop of the continued deepening of the dual carbon goals and accelerated energy transition, China's refined oil market continued and deepened its downward consumption trend. Annual refined oil consumption reached 345 million tons, down 3.6% year-on-year, falling below the 2019 pre-pandemic level. The consumption structure demonstrates a “two declines and one rise” pattern: gasoline consumption fell by 3.9% year-on-year, diesel consumption dropped by 5.0% year-on-year, while jet fuel consumption rose by 3.7% year-on-year, albeit with significantly slower growth momentum. Looking ahead to 2026, total refined oil consumption is projected to decline further to 330 million tons, with the rate of decline expanding to 4.6%. The decline in gasoline and diesel consumption widened to 6.2% and 5.4% respectively, while jet fuel consumption growth accelerated to 4.5%. Refining enterprises are advised to pursue transformation with determination, capitalize on differentiated regional demands, and leverage financial instruments to manage market risks.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD1200400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32161143006 and 31971903)+4 种基金the National Peanut Industry Technology System Construction,China(CARS13)the National Crop Germplasm Resources Center,China(NCGRC-2022-036)the National Program for Crop Germplasm Protection of China(19210163)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS-ASTIP-2021-OCRI)the Guangdong Provincial Key Research and Development Program-Modern Seed Industry,China(2022B0202060004)。
摘要Increasing the oil content is a key objective in peanut breeding programs.Accurate identification of quantitative trait loci(QTLs)with linked markers for oil content can facilitate marker-assisted selection for high-oil breeding.In this study,a highdensity bin map was constructed by resequencing a recombinant inbred line(RIL)population(ZH16×J11)consisting of 295 lines.The bin map contained 4,212 loci and had a total length of 1,162.3 c M.Ten QTLs for oil content were identified in six linkage groups.Notably,two of these QTLs,qOCB03.1 and qOCB06.1,were consistently detected in a minimum of three environments and explained up to 13.62%of the phenotypic variation.They have not been reported in previous studies and thus are novel QTLs.The combination of favorable alleles from qOCB03.1 and qOCB06 in the RIL population could increase oil content across multiple environments from 1.50 to 2.46%.Two insertions/deletions(In Dels)markers linked to qOCB03.1 and qOCB06.1 were developed,and their association with oil content was validated in another RIL population(ZH10×ICG12625)with diverse phenotypes.In addition,the high-resolution map allowed for the precise positioning of qOCB03.1 and qOCB06.1 within a 1.77 Mb interval on chromosome B03 and a 1.51 Mb interval on chromosome B06,respectively.The annotation of genomic variants,analysis of transcriptome sequencing,and evaluation of the allelic effects in 292 peanut varieties revealed two candidate genes associated with oil content for each of the two QTLs.The candidate genes identified in this study can enable the map-based cloning of key genes controlling oil content in peanut.Furthermore,these novel and stable QTLs and their tightly linked markers are valuable for marker-assisted breeding for greater oil content in peanut.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31760363)the Earmarked Fund for CARS (CARS-14-1-16)+1 种基金the Gansu Education Science and Technology Innovation Industry Support Program,China (2021CYZC-38)the Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science,Gansu Agricultural University,China (GSCS-2020-Z6)。
摘要Lodging is a major constraint limiting oil flax production efficiency in northern China.Crop lodging susceptibility is closely related to stem lignin content,and the regulatory mechanisms by which nitrogen and potassium fertilization interactively influence lignin biosynthesis in oil flax stems require further investigation.Therefore,this study aimed to enhance lodging resistance and increase grain yield in oil flax.We examined the interactive effects of different nitrogen (75,150,and 225 kg N ha–1) and potassium (60 and 90 kg K2O ha–1) fertilizer rates on lignin metabolism,lodging resistance,and grain yield during the 2022 and 2023 growing seasons.Results indicated that nitrogen and potassium fertilizer levels and their interactions promoted lignin accumulation,improved lodging resistance,and increased grain yield.Compared to the control (CK),the75–150 kg N ha–1 combined with 60 kg K2O ha–1 treatments significantly enhanced the activities of key lignin-synthesizing enzymes (tyrosine ammonia-lyase (TAL),phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL),cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD),and peroxidase (POD)) and upregulated the expression of 4CL1 and F5H3 genes,leading to a 29.63–43.30%increase in lignin content,improved stem bending strength and lodging resistance index,and a 23.27–32.34%increase in grain yield.Correlation analysis revealed that nitrogen and potassium fertilizers positively regulated enzyme activities and gene expression related to lignin biosynthesis,thereby facilitating lignin accumulation and enhancing stem mechanical strength and lodging resistance.Positive correlations were observed among lignin-related enzyme activities,gene expression,lodging resistance traits,and grain yield.In summary,the application of 75–150 kg N ha–1 in conjunction with 60 kg K2O ha–1promoted lignin biosynthesis and accumulation,enhanced lodging resistance,and increased grain yield in oil flax grown in the dryland farming region of central Gansu,China.Furthermore,this treatment provides a technical basis for cultivating stress-tolerant and high-yield oil flax in arid regions.
基金the International Science and Technology Cooperation Project of Henan Province(Grant No.252102521010)the Henan Provincial Science and Technology Research Project(Grant No.242102230127)the Key R&D Project of Henan Province(Grant No.221111520200).
摘要Addressing the growing challenge of oil pollution,this study presents a green and efficient strategy for fabricating biodegradable poly(lactic acid)/poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)alc(PLA/PBAT/Talc)composite foams with high volume expansion ratio(VER),excellent compression resilience,and superior oil absorption performance via synergistic melt blending and supercritical CO2(scCO2)batch foaming.By strategically incorporating PBAT(10 wt%)and talc(3 wt%)into the PLA matrix,and by optimizing the foaming temperatures,the melt strength and crystallization behavior were effectively tailored.The resultant PLA/PBAT-T3 foam achieved a VER exceeding 45 and an open-cell content(OCC)of 85%.Cyclic compression tests demonstrated that the PLA/PBAT-T3 foam fabricated at 100℃ exhibited the lowest permanent deformation,indicating superior structural integrity.Remarkably,the foam exhibited equilibrium oil absorptioncapacities(Q)of 22.2 g·g-1 for silicone oil and 13.4 g·g-1 for cyclohexane.A significant correlation was established,revealing that Q,is directly proportional to the multiplication of VER and OCC.The foam also demonstrated excellent reusability,retaining over 85%of its initial absorption capacity after 10 consecutive absorption-desorption cycles.This work provides a viable strategy for engineering biodegradable and recyclable oil-sorbent materials,while also advancing the application potential of PLA-based composites in sustainable environmental remediation technologies.
摘要Oil palm fiber is a natural fiber derived from agricultural biomass and has gained significant attention as an alternative reinforcement material in composite materials due to its abundance,renewability,and environmental benefits.This review explores the various enhancement techniques applied to oil palm fiber to improve its properties for composite material development.Key areas of focus include chemical treatments,physical modifications,and hybridization with other fibers to improve fiber-matrix bonding,mechanical strength,and thermal stability.Integration of nanomaterials and bio-based resins to enhance the performance and sustainability of oil palm fiber composites is also discussed.Applications in industries such as automotive,construction,packaging,and consumer goods highlighted the potential for these composites to replace traditional,non-renewable materials.Challenges such as fiber variability,production scalability,and market adoption were examined,along with future directions in advancing oil palm fiber-based composites.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42272142 and 42230812).
摘要Characterizing shale oil reservoirs encompassing pore space,mineralogy,and fluids is fundamental to effective exploration and development.Recent advances in experimental techniques have significantly improved both the qualitative and quantitative analysis of these components;however,a comprehensive systematic review is lacking.High-resolution imaging technologies,such as Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM),Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy(FE-SEM),and Focused Ion Beam Scanning Electron Microscopy(FIB-SEM),enable detailed visualization of pore structures.Gas adsorption and high-pressure mercury intrusion methods provide accurate pore-scale quantification.Moreover,techniques like X-ray Diffraction(XRD),X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy(XRF),and Electron Probe Microanalysis(EPMA)allow precise mineral identification and compositional analysis.Confocal Scanning Laser Microscopy(CSLM),Raman Spectroscopy,Nuclear Magnetic Resonance(NMR),and Rock Pyrolysis provide insights into fluid occurrence and content within shale reservoirs.Based on a comprehensive review of existing research,this study identifies several key future directions:(1)addressing the challenges of nanopore observation in reservoir space characterization while minimizing the impact of sample preparation on pore structure;(2)improving the accuracy of quantitative mineral analysis and developing advanced new technologies for the precise measurement of complex mineral compositions;(3)enhancing the fluid quantitative evaluation of fluids by more effectively restoring subsurface geological conditions.This paper presents a current synthesis and forward-looking perspective on experimental techniques supporting shale oil exploration,aiming to guide future research and technological innovation in this field.
基金Supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2024YFE0114000)Science and Technology Project of China National Petroleum Corporation(2024DJ8702).
摘要Based on the analysis of typical lacustrine shale oil zones in China and their geological characteristics,this study elucidates the fundamental differences between the enrichment patterns of shale oil sweet spots and conventional oil and gas.The key parameters and evaluation methods for assessing the large-scale production potential of lacustrine shale oil are proposed.The results show that shale oil is a petroleum resource that exists in organic-rich shale formations,in other words,it is preserved in its source bed,following a different process of generation-accumulation-enrichment from conventional oil and gas.Thus,the concept of“reservoir”seems to be inapplicable to shale oil.In China,lacustrine shale oil is distributed widely,but the geological characteristics and sweet spots enrichment patterns of shale oil vary significantly in lacustrine basins where the water environment and the tectonic evolution and diagenetic transformation frameworks are distinct.The core of the evaluation of lacustrine shale oil is“sweet spot volume”.The key factors for evaluating the large-scale production of continental shale oil are the oil storage capacity,oil-bearing capacity and oil producing capacity.The key parameters for evaluating these capacities are total porosity,oil content,and free oil content,respectively.It is recommended to determine the total porosity of shale by combining helium porosity measurement with nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)method,the oil content of key layers by using organic solvent extraction,NMR method and high pressure mercury intrusion methods,and the free oil content by using NMR fluid distribution secondary spectral stripping decomposition and logging.The research results contribute supplemental insights on continental shale oil deliverability in China,and provide a scientific basis for the rapid exploration and large-scale production of lacustrine shale oil.
基金Supported by the Key Science&Technology Project of Guangzhou(No.202103000045)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82070972,No.82271093).
摘要AIM:To investigate the effects of shortening the duration of silicone oil tamponade on retinal structure and function in patients undergoing silicone oil removal(SOR)after surgery for primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment(RRD).METHODS:A total of 58 eligible patients were enrolled and randomly assigned to two groups based on tamponade duration:the short-term group(30-45d)and the conventional group(≥90d).Comprehensive evaluations were performed before and after SOR,including slitlamp examination,best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA)measurement,intraocular pressure(IOP)testing,optical coherence tomography(OCT),optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA),microperimetry,electroretinography(ERG),and visual evoked potential(VEP)assessment.RESULTS:A total of 33 patients(23 males and 10 females;33 eyes)were enrolled in the short-term SO tamponade group with mean age of 52.45±9.35y,and 25 patients(15 males and 10 females;25 eyes)were enrolled in the conventional SO tamponade group with mean age of 50.80±12.06y.Compared with the conventional group,the short-term silicone oil tamponade group had a significantly lower incidence of silicone oil emulsification and cataract progression,with no significant difference in retinal reattachment success rate.Structurally,short-term tamponade was associated with increased thickness of the retinal ganglion cell layer(RGCL)in the nasal and superior macular regions and improved recovery of superficial retinal vascular density in these areas.Functionally,the shortterm group showed better BCVA and retinal sensitivity both before and 1mo after SOR;additionally,the P100 amplitude in VEP tests was significantly increased in this group.CONCLUSION:Shortening the duration of silicone oil tamponade effectively reduces damage to retinal structure and function without compromising the success rate of retinal reattachment in patients with primary RRD.