Vertical roller mills are essential for energy-intensive grinding in cement,minerals,and metallurgy industries,consuming up to 50%of plant electricity and frequently experiencing operational instabilities(including ex...Vertical roller mills are essential for energy-intensive grinding in cement,minerals,and metallurgy industries,consuming up to 50%of plant electricity and frequently experiencing operational instabilities(including excessive vibration and main motor current fluctuations)that drive unplanned downtime,increased wear,and reduced throughput.Despite their importance,real-time autonomous optimization remains challenging due to the nonlinear interactions among grinding pressure,feed rate,separator speed,and aerodynamic factors,which limit traditional control strategies under varying loads.This paper presents a real-time operational optimization system for large-scale vertical roller mills using big industrial data and artificial intelligence(AI).From a 5400 kW Loesche LM56.4 mill,2,764,800 samples were collected at 1 Hz over 32 days of continuous production.A systematic pipeline was developed:quartile-based outlier-robust cleaning;domain-informed feature engineering including Total Current;Random Forest(RF)permutation importance selection of the top 15 parameters;and Extreme Gradient Boosting(XGBoost)regression models with hyperparameters tuned by Tree-structured Parzen Estimator(TPE)Bayesian optimization.The resulting models achieved strong predictive performance,Mean Absolute Percentage Error(MAPE)of 1.3%(95%CI:1.1%–1.5%)for main motor current(R2=0.9997)and 5.8%(95%CI:5.3%–6.3%)for shell vibration(R2=0.9717),representing reductions of 89%and 59%,respectively,relative to the Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM)baseline.These surrogates were embedded into a tabular Q-learning Reinforcement Learning(RL)agent that autonomously adjusts feed rate,grinding pressure,separator speed,and exhaust damper position via a discrete action space and multi-objective reward function,communicating with the Distributed Control System(DCS)via Open Platform Communications Unified Architecture(OPC-UA).Closed-loop evaluation yielded simultaneous reductions of 6.0%in peak current(181.92→170.04 A)and 9.4%in peak vibration(5.51→4.99 mm/s)while maintaining throughput.A PyQt5-based graphical interface enabling real-time monitoring,predictive alerts,and automatic DCS write-back was deployed and operated stably for two weeks.展开更多
Rotary gas-gas heat exchangers(GGHs)are pivotal for waste heat recovery in low-and mediumtemperature denitrification systems of cement kilns.This study examines the performance of GGHs within such systems by coupling ...Rotary gas-gas heat exchangers(GGHs)are pivotal for waste heat recovery in low-and mediumtemperature denitrification systems of cement kilns.This study examines the performance of GGHs within such systems by coupling computational fluid dynamics(CFD)with the response surface method(RSM),introducing overall system performance(OSP)as the principal optimization criterion.The investigation systematically elucidates the effects of treated flue gas inlet temperature,inlet velocity,and rotor speed on GGH efficiency.Findings reveal that OSP increases with rotor speed but reaches a plateau beyond 1 rpm;it decreases with higher inlet velocity and increases with higher inlet temperature.Response surface analysis identifies treated flue gas inlet temperature as the most influential parameter,highlighting a synergistic effect between rotor speed and inlet temperature,alongside an antagonistic interaction between inlet temperature and inlet velocity.To ensure safe system operation,engineering constraints were incorporated into the optimization framework using a Box-Behnken design.The optimal operational parameters were determined as a treated flue gas inlet temperature of 250℃,inlet velocity of 8 m/s,and rotor speed of 1 rpm,yielding a maximum OSP of 107.74.The integrated CFD-RSM methodology and constraint-aware optimization strategy presented in this study offer a practical reference for enhancing the operational efficiency of industrial waste heat recovery systems,particularly in cement kiln SCR applications.展开更多
The expansion of natural gas consumption and pipeline construction makes integrating artificial intelligence into pipeline network operations increasingly essential.This review summarizes progress in operation optimiz...The expansion of natural gas consumption and pipeline construction makes integrating artificial intelligence into pipeline network operations increasingly essential.This review summarizes progress in operation optimization,gas transmission capacity evaluation,and solution algorithms.The review systematically summarizes objective functions,hydraulichermal and compressor constraints,and decision variables,all framed by operator objectives such as transmission capacity,economic benefits,and supply reliability.It highlights gas transmission capacity optimization and extended models,including those for hydrogen-blended and renewable energy-coupled scenarios.The review also analyzes applications of deterministic and stochastic intelligent algorithms,alongside deep learning and hyper-heuristic methods.Key findings indicate that:(1)Traditional models often lack safety,reliability,and low-carbon indicators;(2)Deterministic algorithms struggle with high dimensionality,while heuristic algorithms are prone to premature convergence;(3)Hydrogen blending and new energy integration necessitate revised constraints;and(4)Existing online dynamic optimization methods are insufficient.Finally,current shortcomings are identified,and future directions,such as advanced online dynamic optimization and cross-domain intelligence,are proposed.In conclusion,while artificial intelligence is crucial for natural gas pipeline network operations,significant limitations persist.Future research must prioritize addressing these gaps to advance the industry's intelligent,low-carbon,and reliable development.展开更多
In the construction of a new power system, with the large-scale grid integration of new energy sources such as wind power and photovoltaic power, the peak-valley difference of the power grid continues to expand, makin...In the construction of a new power system, with the large-scale grid integration of new energy sources such as wind power and photovoltaic power, the peak-valley difference of the power grid continues to expand, making the normalized deep peak regulation of coal-fired steam turbine generating units an inevitable trend. When steam turbines operate under low-load conditions of 30% rated load and below, the flow efficiency decreases, throttling losses increase, windage friction losses in the low-pressure cylinder intensify, and the matching of auxiliary machines is unbalanced. This leads to an increase in unit heat rate and a decline in energy efficiency, accompanied by potential safety hazards such as excessive vibration and abnormal exhaust temperature, which affect the economical and stable operation of the units. Taking supercritical coal-fired steam turbine units as the research object, this paper analyzes the energy efficiency attenuation mechanism of steam turbines under deep peak regulation conditions, explores the causes of energy efficiency loss from four dimensions: flow system, steam distribution regulation, auxiliary machine coordination, and operation control, and proposes equipment transformation and operation regulation optimization strategies combined with the operating characteristics of the units. Engineering practice verifies that the optimization strategies can reduce the unit heat rate and auxiliary power consumption rate, improve the flow efficiency and variable-load adaptability, and balance peak regulation flexibility, operational safety and power generation economy, providing a reference for energy efficiency improvement and operation management of similar units.展开更多
This work proposes an optimization method for gas storage operation parameters under multi-factor coupled constraints to improve the peak-shaving capacity of gas storage reservoirs while ensuring operational safety.Pr...This work proposes an optimization method for gas storage operation parameters under multi-factor coupled constraints to improve the peak-shaving capacity of gas storage reservoirs while ensuring operational safety.Previous research primarily focused on integrating reservoir,wellbore,and surface facility constraints,often resulting in broad constraint ranges and slow model convergence.To solve this problem,the present study introduces additional constraints on maximum withdrawal rates by combining binomial deliverability equations with material balance equations for closed gas reservoirs,while considering extreme peak-shaving demands.This approach effectively narrows the constraint range.Subsequently,a collaborative optimization model with maximum gas production as the objective function is established,and the model employs a joint solution strategy combining genetic algorithms and numerical simulation techniques.Finally,this methodology was applied to optimize operational parameters for Gas Storage T.The results demonstrate:(1)The convergence of the model was achieved after 6 iterations,which significantly improved the convergence speed of the model;(2)The maximum working gas volume reached 11.605×108 m3,which increased by 13.78%compared with the traditional optimization method;(3)This method greatly improves the operation safety and the ultimate peak load balancing capability.The research provides important technical support for the intelligent decision of injection and production parameters of gas storage and improving peak load balancing ability.展开更多
Under extreme weather conditions(such as hurricanes and heatwaves causing sudden drops in renewable energy output and surges in load),microgrid operations face severe challenges due to the uncertainty of renewable ene...Under extreme weather conditions(such as hurricanes and heatwaves causing sudden drops in renewable energy output and surges in load),microgrid operations face severe challenges due to the uncertainty of renewable energy and load fluctuations.Although existing research has focused on microgrid optimal scheduling or electric vehicle integration,there has not yet been a systematic approach to multi-timescale scheduling that combines electric vehicle fleets under extreme weather scenarios,and particularly,explicit modeling of weather events and their impact on component failure rates and transmission lines is lacking.This paper proposes,for the first time,a multi-timescale optimal scheduling strategy integrated with an electric vehicle fleet,filling this gap.By constructing a microgrid model containing diesel generators,micro gas turbines,renewable energy sources,energy storage,and demand response loads,and defining four typical extreme weather scenarios(high solar&high wind,high solar&low wind,low solar&high wind,low solar&low wind)to simulate the impact of extreme events,a day-ahead and intraday coordinated framework aiming to minimize total operating costs is established.In this framework,the day-ahead stage formulates a preliminary plan based on wind and solar forecasts,while the intraday stage employs the mobile energy storage characteristics of the electric vehicle fleet for rolling adjustments to cope with renewable fluctuations and sudden load changes.Simulations based on actual data from Huai’an City in 2024 show that this strategy can significantly reduce microgrid operating costs(by 5.6%–7.2%),increase renewable energy utilization(94%–96%),reduce carbon emissions(17.8%–22.6%),and enhance the system’s economic performance and resilience under extreme weather conditions.展开更多
In the context of global decarbonization initiatives and the rapid advancement of electrified railways,the efficient utilization of regenerative braking energy(RBE)has emerged as a critical energy policy in China.RBE ...In the context of global decarbonization initiatives and the rapid advancement of electrified railways,the efficient utilization of regenerative braking energy(RBE)has emerged as a critical energy policy in China.RBE not only significantly reduces railway energy consumption but also offers substantial potential for providing auxiliary services to the power grid,enhancing the coordination,economic efficiency,and stability of both railway and power systems.In this paper,we first analyze RBE utilization strategies,including the optimization of train operation scheduling,energy storage technologies,energy sharing mechanisms,and energy feedback configurations.Then,from a macro perspective,the hierarchical structure of the RBE control system is explored.The upper-level energy management system of regenerative braking exhibits development trends based mainly on thresholds,optimization,and learning.Meanwhile,the lower-level converter control system tends to adopt strategies that improve the voltage balance and circulating current performance of the modular multilevel converter-railway power conditioner(MMC-RPC)while reducing the computational burden.Finally,based on existing theoretical research and practical engineering applications,rational suggestions are proposed to enhance the utilization efficiency of RBE.These recommendations provide strong support for the efficient utilization of RBE in alternating-current electrified railways(ACERs),as well as for technological innovation and economic development.展开更多
This article evaluates the connectivity with energy sharing in low-voltage distribution areas.Indicators like wind-solar complementing effectiveness,source-load energy sharing possibility,or transformer capacity inter...This article evaluates the connectivity with energy sharing in low-voltage distribution areas.Indicators like wind-solar complementing effectiveness,source-load energy sharing possibility,or transformer capacity interconnection measurements are part of the assessment index framework for interconnection capacity that is established after an analysis of the features of linked scenarios.Radial and inflexible,conventional distribution systems can’t handle bidirectional power flow,fluctuating demand,or grid disruptions.Using real-world examples,we can see that the suggested strategy improves power supply efficiency across zones and increases the usage of distributed energy resources,proving the method’s validity.With the help of Flexible Interconnection Devices(FIDs),MV/LV networks may be reconfigured,power quality is improved,DERs are supported,and reliability is increased.With so many distributed PVs connected to distribution substations,managing low-and medium-voltage distribution networks is a real challenge.One novel kind of power gadget that permits adaptable connections between distribution substation segments is the soft open point(SOP).This article presents learning algorithm for low and medium voltage networks for power optimization,which takes into consideration the dynamic connectivity of different areas of substation.The next stage is to construct a multi-agent deep reinforcement learning(DRL)suitable for low and medium voltage distribution networks using Deep Q Network(DQN)model in DRL.The low and medium voltage distribution network employs flexible interconnection device for power loss reduction.Finally,the case studies show that the proposed approach has a good operating strategy for distribution networks with medium and low voltages,and it may lessen voltage fluctuations caused by high PV integration.展开更多
The renewable portfolio standard has been promoted in parallel with the reform of the electricity market,and the flexibility requirement of the power system has rapidly increased.To promote renewable energy consumptio...The renewable portfolio standard has been promoted in parallel with the reform of the electricity market,and the flexibility requirement of the power system has rapidly increased.To promote renewable energy consumption and improve power system flexibility,a bi-level optimal operation model of the electricity market is proposed.A probabilistic model of the flexibility requirement is established,considering the correlation between wind power,photovoltaic power,and load.A bi-level optimization model is established for the multi-markets;the upper and lower models represent the intra-provincial market and inter-provincial market models,respectively.To efficiently solve the model,it is transformed into a mixed-integer linear programming model using the Karush–Kuhn–Tucker condition and Lagrangian duality theory.The economy and flexibility of the model are verified using a provincial power grid as an example.展开更多
Operation optimization is an effective method to explore potential economic benefits for existing plants. The m.aximum potential benefit from operationoptimization is determined by the distances between current operat...Operation optimization is an effective method to explore potential economic benefits for existing plants. The m.aximum potential benefit from operationoptimization is determined by the distances between current operating point and process constraints, which is related to the margins of design variables. Because of various ciisturbances in chemical processes, some distances must be reserved for fluctuations of process variables and the optimum operating point is not on some process constraints. Thus the benefit of steady-state optimization can not be fully achied(ed while that of dynamic optimization can be really achieved. In this study, the steady-state optimizationand dynamic optimization are used, and the potential benefit-is divided into achievable benefit for profit and unachievable benefit for control. The fluid catalytic cracking unit (FCCU) is used for case study. With the analysis on how the margins of design variables influence the economic benefit and control performance, the bottlenecks of process design are found and appropriate control structure can be selected.展开更多
Against the realistic background of excess production capacity, product structure imbalance, and high material and energy consumption in steel enterprises, the implementation of operation optimization for the steel ma...Against the realistic background of excess production capacity, product structure imbalance, and high material and energy consumption in steel enterprises, the implementation of operation optimization for the steel manufacturing process is essential to reduce the production cost, increase the production or energy efficiency, and improve production management. In this study, the operation optimization problem of the steel manufacturing process, which needed to go through a complex production organization from customers' orders to workshop production, was analyzed. The existing research on the operation optimization techniques, including process simulation, production planning, production scheduling, interface scheduling, and scheduling of auxiliary equipment, was reviewed. The literature review reveals that, although considerable research has been conducted to optimize the operation of steel production, these techniques are usually independent and unsystematic.Therefore, the future work related to operation optimization of the steel manufacturing process based on the integration of multi technologies and the intersection of multi disciplines were summarized.展开更多
Setting up a knowledge base is a helpful way to optimize the operation of the polyethylene process by improving the performance and the ef ciency of reuse of information and knowledge two critical ele- ments in polyet...Setting up a knowledge base is a helpful way to optimize the operation of the polyethylene process by improving the performance and the ef ciency of reuse of information and knowledge two critical ele- ments in polyethylene smart manufacturing. In this paper, we propose an overall structure for a knowl- edge base based on practical customer demand and the mechanism of the polyethylene process. First, an ontology of the polyethylene process constructed using the seven-step method is introduced as a carrier for knowledge representation and sharing. Next, a prediction method is presented for the molecular weight distribution (MWD) based on a back propagation (BP) neural network model, by analyzing the relationships between the operating conditions and the parameters of the MWD. Based on this network, a differential evolution algorithm is introduced to optimize the operating conditions by tuning the MWD. Finally, utilizing a MySQL database and the Java programming language, a knowledge base system for the operation optimization of the polyethylene process based on a browser/server framework is realized.展开更多
An algorithm named InterOpt for optimizing operational parameters is proposed based on interpretable machine learning,and is demonstrated via optimization of shale gas development.InterOpt consists of three parts:a ne...An algorithm named InterOpt for optimizing operational parameters is proposed based on interpretable machine learning,and is demonstrated via optimization of shale gas development.InterOpt consists of three parts:a neural network is used to construct an emulator of the actual drilling and hydraulic fracturing process in the vector space(i.e.,virtual environment);:the Sharpley value method in inter-pretable machine learning is applied to analyzing the impact of geological and operational parameters in each well(i.e.,single well feature impact analysis):and ensemble randomized maximum likelihood(EnRML)is conducted to optimize the operational parameters to comprehensively improve the efficiency of shale gas development and reduce the average cost.In the experiment,InterOpt provides different drilling and fracturing plans for each well according to its specific geological conditions,and finally achieves an average cost reduction of 9.7%for a case study with 104 wells.展开更多
Optimizing operational parameters for syngas production of Texaco coal-water slurry gasifier studied in this paper is a complicated nonlinear constrained problem concerning 3 BP(Error Back Propagation) neural networks...Optimizing operational parameters for syngas production of Texaco coal-water slurry gasifier studied in this paper is a complicated nonlinear constrained problem concerning 3 BP(Error Back Propagation) neural networks. To solve this model, a new 3-layer cultural evolving algorithm framework which has a population space, a medium space and a belief space is firstly conceived. Standard differential evolution algorithm(DE), genetic algorithm(GA), and particle swarm optimization algorithm(PSO) are embedded in this framework to build 3-layer mixed cultural DE/GA/PSO(3LM-CDE, 3LM-CGA, and 3LM-CPSO) algorithms. The accuracy and efficiency of the proposed hybrid algorithms are firstly tested in 20 benchmark nonlinear constrained functions. Then, the operational optimization model for syngas production in a Texaco coal-water slurry gasifier of a real-world chemical plant is solved effectively. The simulation results are encouraging that the 3-layer cultural algorithm evolving framework suggests ways in which the performance of DE, GA, PSO and other population-based evolutionary algorithms(EAs) can be improved,and the optimal operational parameters based on 3LM-CDE algorithm of the syngas production in the Texaco coalwater slurry gasifier shows outstanding computing results than actual industry use and other algorithms.展开更多
Building structures themselves are one of the key areas of urban energy consumption,therefore,are a major source of greenhouse gas emissions.With this understood,the carbon trading market is gradually expanding to the...Building structures themselves are one of the key areas of urban energy consumption,therefore,are a major source of greenhouse gas emissions.With this understood,the carbon trading market is gradually expanding to the building sector to control greenhouse gas emissions.Hence,to balance the interests of the environment and the building users,this paper proposes an optimal operation scheme for the photovoltaic,energy storage system,and flexible building power system(PEFB),considering the combined benefit of building.Based on the model of conventional photovoltaic(PV)and energy storage system(ESS),the mathematical optimization model of the system is proposed by taking the combined benefit of the building to the economy,society,and environment as the optimization objective,taking the near-zero energy consumption and carbon emission limitation of the building as the main constraints.The optimized operation strategy in this paper can give optimal results by making a trade-off between the users’costs and the combined benefits of the building.The efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed methods are verified by simulated experiments.展开更多
A multi-objective optimal operation model of water-sedimentation-power in reservoir is established with power-generation, sedimentation and water storage taken into account. Moreover, the inertia weight self-adjusting...A multi-objective optimal operation model of water-sedimentation-power in reservoir is established with power-generation, sedimentation and water storage taken into account. Moreover, the inertia weight self-adjusting mechanism and Pareto-optimal archive are introduced into the particle swarm optimization and an improved multi-objective particle swarm optimization (IMOPSO) is proposed. The IMOPSO is employed to solve the optimal model and obtain the Pareto-optimal front. The multi-objective optimal operation of Wanjiazhai Reservoir during the spring breakup was investigated with three typical flood hydrographs. The results show that the former method is able to obtain the Pareto-optimal front with a uniform distribution property. Different regions (A, B, C) of the Pareto-optimal front correspond to the optimized schemes in terms of the objectives of sediment deposition, sediment deposition and power generation, and power generation, respectively. The level hydrographs and outflow hydrographs show the operation of the reservoir in details. Compared with the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-Ⅱ (NSGA-Ⅱ), IMOPSO has close global optimization capability and is suitable for multi-objective optimization problems.展开更多
Based on tests and theoretical calculation an optimum steam admission mode is proposed which can effectively solve the steam-excited vibration.An operation mode jointly considering the valve point and operation load i...Based on tests and theoretical calculation an optimum steam admission mode is proposed which can effectively solve the steam-excited vibration.An operation mode jointly considering the valve point and operation load is proposed based on the analysis and study of a large number of unit operation optimization methods.According to the steam-excited vibration that occurs during the optimization process when the nozzle governing steam turbine switches from a single valve to multi-valves a steam admission optimization program is proposed.This comprehensive program considering the steam-excited vibration is applied to a 600 MW steam turbine unit to obtain the optimum sliding pressure curve and the optimum operation mode and the steam-excited vibration is solved successfully.展开更多
An artificial intelligence technique was applied to the optimization of flux adding systems and air blasting systems, the display of on line parameters, forecasting of mass and compositions of slag in the slagging per...An artificial intelligence technique was applied to the optimization of flux adding systems and air blasting systems, the display of on line parameters, forecasting of mass and compositions of slag in the slagging period, optimization of cold material adding systems and air blasting systems, the display of on line parameters, and the forecasting of copper mass in the copper blow period in copper smelting converters. They were integrated to build the Intelligent Decision Support System of the Operation Optimization of Copper Smelting Converter(IDSSOOCSC), which is self learning and self adaptating. Development steps, monoblock structure and basic functions of the IDSSOOCSC were introduced. After it was applied in a copper smelting converter, every production quota was clearly improved after IDSSOOCSC had been run for 4 months. Blister copper productivity is increased by 6%, processing load of cold input is increased by 8% and average converter life span is improved from 213 to 235 furnace times.展开更多
Dynamic optimization problems(DOPs) described by differential equations are often encountered in chemical engineering. Deterministic techniques based on mathematic programming become invalid when the models are non-di...Dynamic optimization problems(DOPs) described by differential equations are often encountered in chemical engineering. Deterministic techniques based on mathematic programming become invalid when the models are non-differentiable or explicit mathematical descriptions do not exist. Recently, evolutionary algorithms are gaining popularity for DOPs as they can be used as robust alternatives when the deterministic techniques are invalid. In this article, a technology named ranking-based mutation operator(RMO) is presented to enhance the previous differential evolution(DE) algorithms to solve DOPs using control vector parameterization. In the RMO, better individuals have higher probabilities to produce offspring, which is helpful for the performance enhancement of DE algorithms. Three DE-RMO algorithms are designed by incorporating the RMO. The three DE-RMO algorithms and their three original DE algorithms are applied to solve four constrained DOPs from the literature. Our simulation results indicate that DE-RMO algorithms exhibit better performance than previous non-ranking DE algorithms and other four evolutionary algorithms.展开更多
Synthesis and optimization of utility system usually involve grassroots design, retrofitting and operation optimization, which should be considered in modeling process. This paper presents a general method for synthes...Synthesis and optimization of utility system usually involve grassroots design, retrofitting and operation optimization, which should be considered in modeling process. This paper presents a general method for synthesis and optimization of a utility system. In this method, superstructure based mathematical model is established, in which different modeling methods are chosen based on the application. A binary code based parameter adaptive differential evolution algorithm is used to obtain the optimal con figuration and operation conditions of the system. The evolution algorithm and models are interactively used in the calculation, which ensures the feasibility of con figuration and improves computational ef ficiency. The capability and effectiveness of the proposed approach are demonstrated by three typical case studies.展开更多
基金funded by the Zhejiang ProvincialNatural Science Foundation of China(Baima Lake Laboratory Joint Fund),grant number LBMHZ25F030002the National Natural Science Foundation of China,grant number 52372420+3 种基金the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Offshore Wind Power Joint Fund),grant number 2024A1515240073the Scientific Research Foundation of Hangzhou City University,grant number X-202404the Zhejiang Province Key Research Project,grant numbers 2025C02242 and 2024C01039Ningbo’s Key Technology Breakthrough Program of KeChuang Yongjiang 2035,grant number 2024Z177.
摘要Vertical roller mills are essential for energy-intensive grinding in cement,minerals,and metallurgy industries,consuming up to 50%of plant electricity and frequently experiencing operational instabilities(including excessive vibration and main motor current fluctuations)that drive unplanned downtime,increased wear,and reduced throughput.Despite their importance,real-time autonomous optimization remains challenging due to the nonlinear interactions among grinding pressure,feed rate,separator speed,and aerodynamic factors,which limit traditional control strategies under varying loads.This paper presents a real-time operational optimization system for large-scale vertical roller mills using big industrial data and artificial intelligence(AI).From a 5400 kW Loesche LM56.4 mill,2,764,800 samples were collected at 1 Hz over 32 days of continuous production.A systematic pipeline was developed:quartile-based outlier-robust cleaning;domain-informed feature engineering including Total Current;Random Forest(RF)permutation importance selection of the top 15 parameters;and Extreme Gradient Boosting(XGBoost)regression models with hyperparameters tuned by Tree-structured Parzen Estimator(TPE)Bayesian optimization.The resulting models achieved strong predictive performance,Mean Absolute Percentage Error(MAPE)of 1.3%(95%CI:1.1%–1.5%)for main motor current(R2=0.9997)and 5.8%(95%CI:5.3%–6.3%)for shell vibration(R2=0.9717),representing reductions of 89%and 59%,respectively,relative to the Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM)baseline.These surrogates were embedded into a tabular Q-learning Reinforcement Learning(RL)agent that autonomously adjusts feed rate,grinding pressure,separator speed,and exhaust damper position via a discrete action space and multi-objective reward function,communicating with the Distributed Control System(DCS)via Open Platform Communications Unified Architecture(OPC-UA).Closed-loop evaluation yielded simultaneous reductions of 6.0%in peak current(181.92→170.04 A)and 9.4%in peak vibration(5.51→4.99 mm/s)while maintaining throughput.A PyQt5-based graphical interface enabling real-time monitoring,predictive alerts,and automatic DCS write-back was deployed and operated stably for two weeks.
摘要Rotary gas-gas heat exchangers(GGHs)are pivotal for waste heat recovery in low-and mediumtemperature denitrification systems of cement kilns.This study examines the performance of GGHs within such systems by coupling computational fluid dynamics(CFD)with the response surface method(RSM),introducing overall system performance(OSP)as the principal optimization criterion.The investigation systematically elucidates the effects of treated flue gas inlet temperature,inlet velocity,and rotor speed on GGH efficiency.Findings reveal that OSP increases with rotor speed but reaches a plateau beyond 1 rpm;it decreases with higher inlet velocity and increases with higher inlet temperature.Response surface analysis identifies treated flue gas inlet temperature as the most influential parameter,highlighting a synergistic effect between rotor speed and inlet temperature,alongside an antagonistic interaction between inlet temperature and inlet velocity.To ensure safe system operation,engineering constraints were incorporated into the optimization framework using a Box-Behnken design.The optimal operational parameters were determined as a treated flue gas inlet temperature of 250℃,inlet velocity of 8 m/s,and rotor speed of 1 rpm,yielding a maximum OSP of 107.74.The integrated CFD-RSM methodology and constraint-aware optimization strategy presented in this study offer a practical reference for enhancing the operational efficiency of industrial waste heat recovery systems,particularly in cement kiln SCR applications.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2021YFA1000100,2021YFA1000104).
摘要The expansion of natural gas consumption and pipeline construction makes integrating artificial intelligence into pipeline network operations increasingly essential.This review summarizes progress in operation optimization,gas transmission capacity evaluation,and solution algorithms.The review systematically summarizes objective functions,hydraulichermal and compressor constraints,and decision variables,all framed by operator objectives such as transmission capacity,economic benefits,and supply reliability.It highlights gas transmission capacity optimization and extended models,including those for hydrogen-blended and renewable energy-coupled scenarios.The review also analyzes applications of deterministic and stochastic intelligent algorithms,alongside deep learning and hyper-heuristic methods.Key findings indicate that:(1)Traditional models often lack safety,reliability,and low-carbon indicators;(2)Deterministic algorithms struggle with high dimensionality,while heuristic algorithms are prone to premature convergence;(3)Hydrogen blending and new energy integration necessitate revised constraints;and(4)Existing online dynamic optimization methods are insufficient.Finally,current shortcomings are identified,and future directions,such as advanced online dynamic optimization and cross-domain intelligence,are proposed.In conclusion,while artificial intelligence is crucial for natural gas pipeline network operations,significant limitations persist.Future research must prioritize addressing these gaps to advance the industry's intelligent,low-carbon,and reliable development.
摘要In the construction of a new power system, with the large-scale grid integration of new energy sources such as wind power and photovoltaic power, the peak-valley difference of the power grid continues to expand, making the normalized deep peak regulation of coal-fired steam turbine generating units an inevitable trend. When steam turbines operate under low-load conditions of 30% rated load and below, the flow efficiency decreases, throttling losses increase, windage friction losses in the low-pressure cylinder intensify, and the matching of auxiliary machines is unbalanced. This leads to an increase in unit heat rate and a decline in energy efficiency, accompanied by potential safety hazards such as excessive vibration and abnormal exhaust temperature, which affect the economical and stable operation of the units. Taking supercritical coal-fired steam turbine units as the research object, this paper analyzes the energy efficiency attenuation mechanism of steam turbines under deep peak regulation conditions, explores the causes of energy efficiency loss from four dimensions: flow system, steam distribution regulation, auxiliary machine coordination, and operation control, and proposes equipment transformation and operation regulation optimization strategies combined with the operating characteristics of the units. Engineering practice verifies that the optimization strategies can reduce the unit heat rate and auxiliary power consumption rate, improve the flow efficiency and variable-load adaptability, and balance peak regulation flexibility, operational safety and power generation economy, providing a reference for energy efficiency improvement and operation management of similar units.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Research Program of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission(KJQN202401501,KJZD-M202401501).
摘要This work proposes an optimization method for gas storage operation parameters under multi-factor coupled constraints to improve the peak-shaving capacity of gas storage reservoirs while ensuring operational safety.Previous research primarily focused on integrating reservoir,wellbore,and surface facility constraints,often resulting in broad constraint ranges and slow model convergence.To solve this problem,the present study introduces additional constraints on maximum withdrawal rates by combining binomial deliverability equations with material balance equations for closed gas reservoirs,while considering extreme peak-shaving demands.This approach effectively narrows the constraint range.Subsequently,a collaborative optimization model with maximum gas production as the objective function is established,and the model employs a joint solution strategy combining genetic algorithms and numerical simulation techniques.Finally,this methodology was applied to optimize operational parameters for Gas Storage T.The results demonstrate:(1)The convergence of the model was achieved after 6 iterations,which significantly improved the convergence speed of the model;(2)The maximum working gas volume reached 11.605×108 m3,which increased by 13.78%compared with the traditional optimization method;(3)This method greatly improves the operation safety and the ultimate peak load balancing capability.The research provides important technical support for the intelligent decision of injection and production parameters of gas storage and improving peak load balancing ability.
基金supported by the following grants:Jiangsu Provincial College Student Innovation and Entrepreneurship Program(Grant No.SJCX25_2184)-“Multi-energy Complementary Optimization and VehicleStorage Bidirectional Interaction Technology Driven by Novel 5E Framework”(Principal Investigator:Yuan-Yuan ShiFunding Agency:Jiangsu Provincial Education Department)+3 种基金Huaian Natural Science Research Project(Grant No.HAB2024046)-“Optimal Control of Flexible Cold-Heat-Power Integrated System with Source-Grid-Load-Storage Coordination”(Principal Investigator:Jie JiFunding Agency:Huaian Science and Technology Bureau)Huaiyin Institute of Technology University-funded Project(Grant No.HGYK202511)-“Data-driven Cooperative Optimization Dispatch for Source-Grid-Load Systems”(Principal Investigator:Chu-Tong ZhangFunding Agency:Huaiyin Institute of Technology).
摘要Under extreme weather conditions(such as hurricanes and heatwaves causing sudden drops in renewable energy output and surges in load),microgrid operations face severe challenges due to the uncertainty of renewable energy and load fluctuations.Although existing research has focused on microgrid optimal scheduling or electric vehicle integration,there has not yet been a systematic approach to multi-timescale scheduling that combines electric vehicle fleets under extreme weather scenarios,and particularly,explicit modeling of weather events and their impact on component failure rates and transmission lines is lacking.This paper proposes,for the first time,a multi-timescale optimal scheduling strategy integrated with an electric vehicle fleet,filling this gap.By constructing a microgrid model containing diesel generators,micro gas turbines,renewable energy sources,energy storage,and demand response loads,and defining four typical extreme weather scenarios(high solar&high wind,high solar&low wind,low solar&high wind,low solar&low wind)to simulate the impact of extreme events,a day-ahead and intraday coordinated framework aiming to minimize total operating costs is established.In this framework,the day-ahead stage formulates a preliminary plan based on wind and solar forecasts,while the intraday stage employs the mobile energy storage characteristics of the electric vehicle fleet for rolling adjustments to cope with renewable fluctuations and sudden load changes.Simulations based on actual data from Huai’an City in 2024 show that this strategy can significantly reduce microgrid operating costs(by 5.6%–7.2%),increase renewable energy utilization(94%–96%),reduce carbon emissions(17.8%–22.6%),and enhance the system’s economic performance and resilience under extreme weather conditions.
基金supported by the Key R&D Plan Project in Zhejiang Province(No.2023C01243)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFB4301102).
摘要In the context of global decarbonization initiatives and the rapid advancement of electrified railways,the efficient utilization of regenerative braking energy(RBE)has emerged as a critical energy policy in China.RBE not only significantly reduces railway energy consumption but also offers substantial potential for providing auxiliary services to the power grid,enhancing the coordination,economic efficiency,and stability of both railway and power systems.In this paper,we first analyze RBE utilization strategies,including the optimization of train operation scheduling,energy storage technologies,energy sharing mechanisms,and energy feedback configurations.Then,from a macro perspective,the hierarchical structure of the RBE control system is explored.The upper-level energy management system of regenerative braking exhibits development trends based mainly on thresholds,optimization,and learning.Meanwhile,the lower-level converter control system tends to adopt strategies that improve the voltage balance and circulating current performance of the modular multilevel converter-railway power conditioner(MMC-RPC)while reducing the computational burden.Finally,based on existing theoretical research and practical engineering applications,rational suggestions are proposed to enhance the utilization efficiency of RBE.These recommendations provide strong support for the efficient utilization of RBE in alternating-current electrified railways(ACERs),as well as for technological innovation and economic development.
基金State Grid Hebei Electric Power Co.,Ltd.(Hebei Huizhi Electric Power Engineering Design Co.,Ltd.)science and technology project funding(SGHEHZ00SJQT2400042)。
摘要This article evaluates the connectivity with energy sharing in low-voltage distribution areas.Indicators like wind-solar complementing effectiveness,source-load energy sharing possibility,or transformer capacity interconnection measurements are part of the assessment index framework for interconnection capacity that is established after an analysis of the features of linked scenarios.Radial and inflexible,conventional distribution systems can’t handle bidirectional power flow,fluctuating demand,or grid disruptions.Using real-world examples,we can see that the suggested strategy improves power supply efficiency across zones and increases the usage of distributed energy resources,proving the method’s validity.With the help of Flexible Interconnection Devices(FIDs),MV/LV networks may be reconfigured,power quality is improved,DERs are supported,and reliability is increased.With so many distributed PVs connected to distribution substations,managing low-and medium-voltage distribution networks is a real challenge.One novel kind of power gadget that permits adaptable connections between distribution substation segments is the soft open point(SOP).This article presents learning algorithm for low and medium voltage networks for power optimization,which takes into consideration the dynamic connectivity of different areas of substation.The next stage is to construct a multi-agent deep reinforcement learning(DRL)suitable for low and medium voltage distribution networks using Deep Q Network(DQN)model in DRL.The low and medium voltage distribution network employs flexible interconnection device for power loss reduction.Finally,the case studies show that the proposed approach has a good operating strategy for distribution networks with medium and low voltages,and it may lessen voltage fluctuations caused by high PV integration.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFA0702200)Science and Technology Project of State Grid Shandong Electric Power Corporation(52062518000Q)。
摘要The renewable portfolio standard has been promoted in parallel with the reform of the electricity market,and the flexibility requirement of the power system has rapidly increased.To promote renewable energy consumption and improve power system flexibility,a bi-level optimal operation model of the electricity market is proposed.A probabilistic model of the flexibility requirement is established,considering the correlation between wind power,photovoltaic power,and load.A bi-level optimization model is established for the multi-markets;the upper and lower models represent the intra-provincial market and inter-provincial market models,respectively.To efficiently solve the model,it is transformed into a mixed-integer linear programming model using the Karush–Kuhn–Tucker condition and Lagrangian duality theory.The economy and flexibility of the model are verified using a provincial power grid as an example.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21006127)the National Basic Research Program of China(2012CB720500)the Science Foundation of China University of Petroleum(KYJJ2012-05-28)
摘要Operation optimization is an effective method to explore potential economic benefits for existing plants. The m.aximum potential benefit from operationoptimization is determined by the distances between current operating point and process constraints, which is related to the margins of design variables. Because of various ciisturbances in chemical processes, some distances must be reserved for fluctuations of process variables and the optimum operating point is not on some process constraints. Thus the benefit of steady-state optimization can not be fully achied(ed while that of dynamic optimization can be really achieved. In this study, the steady-state optimizationand dynamic optimization are used, and the potential benefit-is divided into achievable benefit for profit and unachievable benefit for control. The fluid catalytic cracking unit (FCCU) is used for case study. With the analysis on how the margins of design variables influence the economic benefit and control performance, the bottlenecks of process design are found and appropriate control structure can be selected.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51734004)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No.2017YFB0304005)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51474044)。
摘要Against the realistic background of excess production capacity, product structure imbalance, and high material and energy consumption in steel enterprises, the implementation of operation optimization for the steel manufacturing process is essential to reduce the production cost, increase the production or energy efficiency, and improve production management. In this study, the operation optimization problem of the steel manufacturing process, which needed to go through a complex production organization from customers' orders to workshop production, was analyzed. The existing research on the operation optimization techniques, including process simulation, production planning, production scheduling, interface scheduling, and scheduling of auxiliary equipment, was reviewed. The literature review reveals that, although considerable research has been conducted to optimize the operation of steel production, these techniques are usually independent and unsystematic.Therefore, the future work related to operation optimization of the steel manufacturing process based on the integration of multi technologies and the intersection of multi disciplines were summarized.
摘要Setting up a knowledge base is a helpful way to optimize the operation of the polyethylene process by improving the performance and the ef ciency of reuse of information and knowledge two critical ele- ments in polyethylene smart manufacturing. In this paper, we propose an overall structure for a knowl- edge base based on practical customer demand and the mechanism of the polyethylene process. First, an ontology of the polyethylene process constructed using the seven-step method is introduced as a carrier for knowledge representation and sharing. Next, a prediction method is presented for the molecular weight distribution (MWD) based on a back propagation (BP) neural network model, by analyzing the relationships between the operating conditions and the parameters of the MWD. Based on this network, a differential evolution algorithm is introduced to optimize the operating conditions by tuning the MWD. Finally, utilizing a MySQL database and the Java programming language, a knowledge base system for the operation optimization of the polyethylene process based on a browser/server framework is realized.
摘要An algorithm named InterOpt for optimizing operational parameters is proposed based on interpretable machine learning,and is demonstrated via optimization of shale gas development.InterOpt consists of three parts:a neural network is used to construct an emulator of the actual drilling and hydraulic fracturing process in the vector space(i.e.,virtual environment);:the Sharpley value method in inter-pretable machine learning is applied to analyzing the impact of geological and operational parameters in each well(i.e.,single well feature impact analysis):and ensemble randomized maximum likelihood(EnRML)is conducted to optimize the operational parameters to comprehensively improve the efficiency of shale gas development and reduce the average cost.In the experiment,InterOpt provides different drilling and fracturing plans for each well according to its specific geological conditions,and finally achieves an average cost reduction of 9.7%for a case study with 104 wells.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61174040,U1162110,21206174)Shanghai Commission of Nature Science(12ZR1408100)
摘要Optimizing operational parameters for syngas production of Texaco coal-water slurry gasifier studied in this paper is a complicated nonlinear constrained problem concerning 3 BP(Error Back Propagation) neural networks. To solve this model, a new 3-layer cultural evolving algorithm framework which has a population space, a medium space and a belief space is firstly conceived. Standard differential evolution algorithm(DE), genetic algorithm(GA), and particle swarm optimization algorithm(PSO) are embedded in this framework to build 3-layer mixed cultural DE/GA/PSO(3LM-CDE, 3LM-CGA, and 3LM-CPSO) algorithms. The accuracy and efficiency of the proposed hybrid algorithms are firstly tested in 20 benchmark nonlinear constrained functions. Then, the operational optimization model for syngas production in a Texaco coal-water slurry gasifier of a real-world chemical plant is solved effectively. The simulation results are encouraging that the 3-layer cultural algorithm evolving framework suggests ways in which the performance of DE, GA, PSO and other population-based evolutionary algorithms(EAs) can be improved,and the optimal operational parameters based on 3LM-CDE algorithm of the syngas production in the Texaco coalwater slurry gasifier shows outstanding computing results than actual industry use and other algorithms.
基金support by Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development’s Science and Technology Plan Project 2022(Hubei Province).
摘要Building structures themselves are one of the key areas of urban energy consumption,therefore,are a major source of greenhouse gas emissions.With this understood,the carbon trading market is gradually expanding to the building sector to control greenhouse gas emissions.Hence,to balance the interests of the environment and the building users,this paper proposes an optimal operation scheme for the photovoltaic,energy storage system,and flexible building power system(PEFB),considering the combined benefit of building.Based on the model of conventional photovoltaic(PV)and energy storage system(ESS),the mathematical optimization model of the system is proposed by taking the combined benefit of the building to the economy,society,and environment as the optimization objective,taking the near-zero energy consumption and carbon emission limitation of the building as the main constraints.The optimized operation strategy in this paper can give optimal results by making a trade-off between the users’costs and the combined benefits of the building.The efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed methods are verified by simulated experiments.
基金National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars (No.50725929)National Natural Science Foundation ofChina (No.50539060,50679052)
摘要A multi-objective optimal operation model of water-sedimentation-power in reservoir is established with power-generation, sedimentation and water storage taken into account. Moreover, the inertia weight self-adjusting mechanism and Pareto-optimal archive are introduced into the particle swarm optimization and an improved multi-objective particle swarm optimization (IMOPSO) is proposed. The IMOPSO is employed to solve the optimal model and obtain the Pareto-optimal front. The multi-objective optimal operation of Wanjiazhai Reservoir during the spring breakup was investigated with three typical flood hydrographs. The results show that the former method is able to obtain the Pareto-optimal front with a uniform distribution property. Different regions (A, B, C) of the Pareto-optimal front correspond to the optimized schemes in terms of the objectives of sediment deposition, sediment deposition and power generation, and power generation, respectively. The level hydrographs and outflow hydrographs show the operation of the reservoir in details. Compared with the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-Ⅱ (NSGA-Ⅱ), IMOPSO has close global optimization capability and is suitable for multi-objective optimization problems.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51176031)
摘要Based on tests and theoretical calculation an optimum steam admission mode is proposed which can effectively solve the steam-excited vibration.An operation mode jointly considering the valve point and operation load is proposed based on the analysis and study of a large number of unit operation optimization methods.According to the steam-excited vibration that occurs during the optimization process when the nozzle governing steam turbine switches from a single valve to multi-valves a steam admission optimization program is proposed.This comprehensive program considering the steam-excited vibration is applied to a 600 MW steam turbine unit to obtain the optimum sliding pressure curve and the optimum operation mode and the steam-excited vibration is solved successfully.
摘要An artificial intelligence technique was applied to the optimization of flux adding systems and air blasting systems, the display of on line parameters, forecasting of mass and compositions of slag in the slagging period, optimization of cold material adding systems and air blasting systems, the display of on line parameters, and the forecasting of copper mass in the copper blow period in copper smelting converters. They were integrated to build the Intelligent Decision Support System of the Operation Optimization of Copper Smelting Converter(IDSSOOCSC), which is self learning and self adaptating. Development steps, monoblock structure and basic functions of the IDSSOOCSC were introduced. After it was applied in a copper smelting converter, every production quota was clearly improved after IDSSOOCSC had been run for 4 months. Blister copper productivity is increased by 6%, processing load of cold input is increased by 8% and average converter life span is improved from 213 to 235 furnace times.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61333010,61134007and 21276078)“Shu Guang”project of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission,the Research Talents Startup Foundation of Jiangsu University(15JDG139)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2016M591783)
摘要Dynamic optimization problems(DOPs) described by differential equations are often encountered in chemical engineering. Deterministic techniques based on mathematic programming become invalid when the models are non-differentiable or explicit mathematical descriptions do not exist. Recently, evolutionary algorithms are gaining popularity for DOPs as they can be used as robust alternatives when the deterministic techniques are invalid. In this article, a technology named ranking-based mutation operator(RMO) is presented to enhance the previous differential evolution(DE) algorithms to solve DOPs using control vector parameterization. In the RMO, better individuals have higher probabilities to produce offspring, which is helpful for the performance enhancement of DE algorithms. Three DE-RMO algorithms are designed by incorporating the RMO. The three DE-RMO algorithms and their three original DE algorithms are applied to solve four constrained DOPs from the literature. Our simulation results indicate that DE-RMO algorithms exhibit better performance than previous non-ranking DE algorithms and other four evolutionary algorithms.
基金Supported by the Major State Basic Research Development Program of China(2012CB720500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1162202,61222303)+3 种基金the National Science Foundation of Shanghai(14ZR1410000)Shanghai R&D Platform Construction Program(13DZ2295300)Shanghai Rising-Star Program(13QH1401200)Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project(B504)
摘要Synthesis and optimization of utility system usually involve grassroots design, retrofitting and operation optimization, which should be considered in modeling process. This paper presents a general method for synthesis and optimization of a utility system. In this method, superstructure based mathematical model is established, in which different modeling methods are chosen based on the application. A binary code based parameter adaptive differential evolution algorithm is used to obtain the optimal con figuration and operation conditions of the system. The evolution algorithm and models are interactively used in the calculation, which ensures the feasibility of con figuration and improves computational ef ficiency. The capability and effectiveness of the proposed approach are demonstrated by three typical case studies.