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Shenzhen holds the 10th ISO/IEC Young Professionals (China) Programme 认领 引用
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《China Standardization》 2026年第3期11-11,共1页
Hosted by the Shenzhen Administration for Market Regulation,the 10th ISO/IEC Young Professionals(China)Programme kicked off in Shenzhen.The event was attended by 310 young experts from 82 central state-owned enterpris... Hosted by the Shenzhen Administration for Market Regulation,the 10th ISO/IEC Young Professionals(China)Programme kicked off in Shenzhen.The event was attended by 310 young experts from 82 central state-owned enterprises and top research institutes nationwide.Their expertise covers strategic emerging industries such as new-generation information technology,high-end equipment,new energy,and new materials,which will drive the cultivation of China’s international standardization young talent. 展开更多
关键词 Emerging Industries new materialswhich standardization young talent China Standardization Information Technology High End Equipment ISO IEC Young Professionals Programme
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"The Youth Tablee Tennis Programme——Photo Exhibition of Zhou Enlaiand the Bandung Conference&China-ASEAN(Indonesia)Youth Table Tennis Training Camp"Opened in Jakarta 认领 引用
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《International Understanding》 2025年第2期61-62,共2页
On April 19th,"the Youth Table Tennis Programme—Photo Exhibition of Zhou Enlai and the Bandung Conference&China-ASEAN(Indonesia)Youth Table Tennis Training Camp"opened in Jakarta,Indonesia.The event was... On April 19th,"the Youth Table Tennis Programme—Photo Exhibition of Zhou Enlai and the Bandung Conference&China-ASEAN(Indonesia)Youth Table Tennis Training Camp"opened in Jakarta,Indonesia.The event was guided by the Chinese Embassy in Indonesia and co-organised by the ASEAN-China Centre(ACC),the Memorial to Zhou Enlai and Deng Yingchao,the China Friendship Foundation for Peace and Development,the Beijing One Heart Sphere Charity Foundation,and the Enlai Foundation. 展开更多
关键词 youth table tennis programme zhou enlai jakarta photo exhibition table tennis China asean enlai foundation youth table tennis training camp
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The First Visiting Scholar of the“Qilu Visiting and Research Residency Programme”Visited Nishan World Centre for Confucian Studies 认领 引用
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《International Understanding》 2025年第1期39-39,共1页
On February 6,2025,Branko Balon,President of the Croatia-China Friendship Association for Cultural,Scientific and Economic Cooperation and Professor at the VSITE College of Information Technology in Zagreb.
关键词 visiting scholar Economic Cooperation Branko Balon VSITE College Information Technology Nishan World Centre Confucian Studies Croatia China Friendship Association Cultural Qilu Visiting Research Residency Programme
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International Free Lunch Programme Launched at Schoolin Nairobi's Mathare Slum 认领 引用
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《International Understanding》 2025年第1期40-40,共1页
On January 15,2025,the China Road and Bridge Corporation(CRBC)Kenya Office and Africa Star Railway Operation Company Limited(Afristar),in collaboration with the Dream Building Service Association(DBSA),held the launch... On January 15,2025,the China Road and Bridge Corporation(CRBC)Kenya Office and Africa Star Railway Operation Company Limited(Afristar),in collaboration with the Dream Building Service Association(DBSA),held the launching ceremony for the International Free Lunch Programme at a school in the Mathare slum community of Nairobi. 展开更多
关键词 africa star railway operation company limited China road bridge corporation launching ceremony school nairobi dream building service international free lunch programme mathare slum
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Main outcomes from in situ thermo-hydro-mechanical experiments programme to demonstrate feasibility of radioactive high-level waste disposal in the Callovo-Oxfordian claystone 认领 引用 被引量：8
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作者 G. Armand F. Bumbieler +3 位作者 N. Conil R. de la Vaissière J.-M. Bosgiraud M.-N. Vu 《Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering》 SCIE CSCD 2017年第3期33-45,共13页
In the context of radioactive waste disposal,an underground research laboratory(URL)is a facility in which experiments are conducted to demonstrate the feasibility of constructing and operating a radioactive waste dis... In the context of radioactive waste disposal,an underground research laboratory(URL)is a facility in which experiments are conducted to demonstrate the feasibility of constructing and operating a radioactive waste disposal facility within a geological formation.The Meuse/Haute-Marne URL is a sitespecific facility planned to study the feasibility of a radioactive waste disposal in the Callovo-Oxfordian(COx)claystone.The thermo-hydro-mechanical(THM)behaviour of the host rock is significant for the design of the underground nuclear waste disposal facility and for its long-term safety.The French National Radioactive Waste Management Agency(Andra)has begun a research programme aiming to demonstrate the relevancy of the French high-level waste(HLW)concept.This paper presents the programme implemented from small-scale(small diameter)boreholes to full-scale demonstration experiments to study the THM effects of the thermal transient on the COx claystone and the strategy implemented in this new programme to demonstrate and optimise current disposal facility components for HLW.It shows that the French high-level waste concept is feasible and working in the COx claystone.It also exhibits that,as for other plastic clay or claystone,heating-induced pore pressure increases and that the THM behaviour is anisotropic. 展开更多
关键词 In situ experiments Claystone Thermo-hydro-mechanical(THM) behaviour Research programme Radioactive high-level waste(HLW) disposal
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Programme Management in Postgraduate Research Contexts—The Critical Importance of Project Management Application 认领 引用
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作者 Hendrik Francois Conradie Strinivasan Soondrasan Pillay 《Journal of US-China Public Administration》 2023年第2期98-110,共13页
Programme management is an important management approach and instrument applied internationally to advance the attainment of policy objectives.In this paper public sector programme management has been analysed,with a ... Programme management is an important management approach and instrument applied internationally to advance the attainment of policy objectives.In this paper public sector programme management has been analysed,with a view to understand to what extent programme managers could derive benefit from integrating project management principles and knowledge.The paper is partially based on the theoretical foundation of the first author’s 2020 doctoral thesis.The second author contributed insights from programme management experience in a public sector tertiary academic context.The authors convincingly argued that postgraduate research contexts can benefit significantly from the mentioned theoretical framework.The paper starts off with theoretical perspectives on public sector programme management.The importance of project management principles is subsequently emphasised,culminating in an integrated programme management framework,where the main aspects of the Project Management Body of Knowledge principles are incorporated.Finally,pragmatic and practical application of the theoretical framework-and how it assists to overcome complexities-is discussed.The researchers followed a qualitative approach in the meta-theory tradition,where thematic content data analysis resulted in some of the research findings(in the form of the integrated framework).Pragmatism as research tradition found expression in the application to postgraduate research contexts. 展开更多
关键词 public sector programme management integrated programme management framework project management principles Project Management Body of Knowledge(PMBOK) new meta-theoretical public administration framework pragmatic postgraduate research programme management
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Descriptive assessment on diabetic retinopathy screening in an awareness programme in Malaysia 认领 引用 被引量：2
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作者 Nor Fariza Ngah Nor Asiah Muhamad +13 位作者 Zalifa Zakiah Asnir Roslin Azni Abdul Aziz Zaidah Mhad Kassim Siti Aishah Sahar Nor Azita Ahmad Tarmidzi Chan Li Yen Rosmawati Uthman Narjis Satar Noor Zahirah Husain Azian Adnan John Mathen Kayalakakathu Bariyah Kadas Noor Suriani Mohamad Shaiful Azlan Kassirn 《International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition)》 SCIE CAS 2020年第11期1808-1813,共6页
AIM:To determine the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy(DR)among diabetic patients at the primary health clinics in Selangor,Malaysia.METHODS:All diabetic patients were screened in Retinal Disease Awareness Programme(... AIM:To determine the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy(DR)among diabetic patients at the primary health clinics in Selangor,Malaysia.METHODS:All diabetic patients were screened in Retinal Disease Awareness Programme(RDAP)and those who had significant DR changes were referred to the hospital for further management.Descriptive analyses were done to determine the prevalence of DR and sociodemographic characteristics among patients with diabetic.Univariate and multivariable analysis using Logistic regression were performed to find association and predictor factors in this screening.RESULTS:A total of 3305 patients aged 40y and above were screened for DR.Ofthe patients screened,9%patients were found to have DR and other visual complication such as maculopathy(0.9%),cataract(4.8%)and glaucoma(0.4%).The mean age of patients without retinopathy was 57.82±8.470y and the mean age of patients with DR was 63.93±9.857y.About 61.5%of the patients screened were aged below 60y and 38.5%were aged 60y and above.Majority of the patients screened were women 58.5%and Malay in the age group of 50-59y,while 27%were aged 60-69y.Significant association were found between age,sex,race,visual loss and DR.CONCLUSION:Although the prevalence of DR among patients is not alarming,effective interventions need to be implemented soon to avert a large burden of visual loss from DR. 展开更多
关键词 diabetic retinopathy retinal disease awareness programme eye screening Selangor
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Implementation of the Future Earth programme in China:Chinese scientists at the forefront 认领 引用 被引量：2
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作者 ZHOU Tian-Jun 《Advances in Climate Change Research》 CSCD 2015年第2期81-83,共3页
As a 10-year international research programme jointly initiated by ICSU(International Council for Science),ISSC(International Social Science Council)and others,Future Earth aims to provide critical knowledge required ... As a 10-year international research programme jointly initiated by ICSU(International Council for Science),ISSC(International Social Science Council)and others,Future Earth aims to provide critical knowledge required for societies to face the challenges posed by global environmental change and to identify opportunities for a transition to global sustainability(FE,2013).The launching of Future Earth is the outcome of step change in global environment change research and funding strategy and meet the demands for connecting 展开更多
关键词 programme funding launching jointly posed initiate
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The Role of Aga Khan Rural Support Programme in Rural Development in the Karakorum, Hindu Kush & Himalayan Region: Examples from the Northern Mountainous Belt of Pakistan 认领 引用 被引量：2
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作者 Fazlur-Rahman 《Journal of Mountain Science》 SCIE 2007年第4期331-343,共13页
Pakistan is predominantly a mountainous country where rural development activities are characterised by inconsistency, politically motivated short-term projects without proper feedback. Since the inception of the coun... Pakistan is predominantly a mountainous country where rural development activities are characterised by inconsistency, politically motivated short-term projects without proper feedback. Since the inception of the country, the top-down approach has been followed, and the same development plans that were formulated for the plain areas have been extended to the mountains without any modification. In doing so, neither the participation of the local communities was cared for, nor the mountain specificities were considered in the planning process. Moreover, the representation of the local inhabitants was improper and contradictory to the facts. This biased approach has been one of the main causes for the failure of development projects carried out by different agencies of the Government. Contrary to the perception of the state authorities, the mountain communities proved to be more open to accept new approaches and demonstrated the capacity and capability of being a dependable development partner. In this paper, a detailed account of the Aga Khan Rural Support Programme （AKRSP） has been presented to assess and evaluate the approach followed by this non-governmental organisation （NGO）, and the response of the local inhabitants as collaborators in the development process. The achievements of the AKRSP from project planning, implementation and monitoring can be adopted as a model for rural development not only in the plains, but also in the mountainous areas of the developing countries in the world. 展开更多
关键词 Rural development mountains northern Pakistan Aga Khan Rural Support Programme village organisations
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Global Dryland Ecosystem Programme(G-DEP):Africa consultative meeting report 认领 引用
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作者 PENG Yu FU Bojie +6 位作者 ZHANG Linxiu YU Xiubo FU Chao Salif DIOP Hubert HIRWA Aliou GUISSE LI Fadong 《Journal of Arid Land》 SCIE CSCD 2020年第3期538-544,共7页
In order to enhance and restore the ecosystems of natural capital in African arid regions,the Global Dryland Ecosystem Programme(G-DEP)consultative meeting was hosted in Dakar,Senegal,from 23 to 25 September 2019.This... In order to enhance and restore the ecosystems of natural capital in African arid regions,the Global Dryland Ecosystem Programme(G-DEP)consultative meeting was hosted in Dakar,Senegal,from 23 to 25 September 2019.This paper details the first African meeting of the G-DEP.Consultative meeting reviewed preceding dryland ecosystems case studies,identified vulnerable arid and semi-arid regions,and proposed sustainable solutions to problems.It also identified the successes and failures of previous attempts to improve vulnerable ecosystems and ultimately formed an action plan to improve these attempts.Climate,ecosystems,and livelihoods for Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs),Great Green Wall Initiative(GGWI)for Sahara and Sahel,and China-Africa cooperation on science,technology,and innovation are three extra main sections concerned of the meeting.Separately,more specific topics as the complicated relationship between these natural processes and human activity,including pastoralism,soil restoration,and vegetation regenerate techniques,were fully discussed.Consultative meeting also identified the positive effects international collaboration can have on dryland regions,specifically in the capacity of sharing information,technology,and innovation on purpose to develop a joint proposal for long-term research programs in African arid and semi-arid areas.Moreover,meetings that review the progress made on ecosystem management for the sustainable livelihoods in Africa,identification of priority areas,and the development and implementation of ecosystem programs for proper research and collaboration in African arid and semi-arid zones,have been proposed as strategic recommendations to enhance the global partnership for sustainable development.Furthermore,as the outcomes of the workshop,there are three steps proposed to handle African dryland climate changes,several aspects suggested to solve current dilemmas of the GGWI,and a series of actions recommended for G-DEP related activities in Africa. 展开更多
关键词 Africa Global Dryland Ecosystem Programme(G-DEP) dryland ecosystem consultation Sustainable Development Goals Great Green Wall Initiative(GGWI)
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Development of the Life Gatekeeper suicide prevention training programme in China:a Delphi study 认领 引用 被引量：3
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作者 Chengxi Cai Chen Yin +7 位作者 Yongsheng Tong Diyang Qu Yunzhi Ding Daixi Ren Peiyu Chen Yi Yin Jing An Runsen Chen 《General Psychiatry》 CSCD 2023年第5期383-392,共10页
Background Youth suicide has been a pressing public mental health concern in China,yet there is a lack of gatekeeper intervention programmes developed locally to prevent suicide among Chinese adolescents.Aims The curr... Background Youth suicide has been a pressing public mental health concern in China,yet there is a lack of gatekeeper intervention programmes developed locally to prevent suicide among Chinese adolescents.Aims The current Delphi study was the first step in the systematic development of the Life Gatekeeper programme,the first gatekeeper programme to be developed locally in China that aims to equip teachers and parents with the knowledge,skills and ability to identify and intervene with students at high risk of suicide.Methods The Delphi method was used to elicit a consensus of experts who were invited to evaluate the importance of training content,the feasibility of the training delivery method,the possibility of achieving the training goals and,finally,the appropriateness of the training materials.Two Delphi rounds were conducted among local experts with diversified professional backgrounds in suicide research and practice.Statements were accepted for inclusion in the adjusted training programme if they were endorsed by at least 80%of the panel.Results Consensus was achieved on 201 out of 207 statements for inclusion into the adapted guidelines for the gatekeeper programme,with 151 from the original questionnaire and 50 generated from comments of the panel members.These endorsed statements were synthesised to develop the content of the Life Gatekeeper training programme.Conclusions This Delphi study provided an evidence base for developing the first gatekeeper training programme systematically and locally in China.We hope that the current study can pave the way for more evidence-based suicide prevention programmes in China.Further study is warranted to evaluate the effectiveness of the Life Gatekeeper training programme. 展开更多
关键词 Delphi prevention programme
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Application of TESOL Teaching Method to College English Teaching—A Case Study of“Programme Management” 认领 引用
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作者 邓凯方 《海外英语》 2020年第15期269-270,共2页
With the approaching of globalization,educational resources have been shared in the world increasingly.Many English teaching theories and methods abroad are gradually recognized and accepted by Chinese English teacher... With the approaching of globalization,educational resources have been shared in the world increasingly.Many English teaching theories and methods abroad are gradually recognized and accepted by Chinese English teachers,too.This paper takes programme management as example,compares it with traditional curriculum management,and also applies it to Chinese Englishteaching.This study tries to enrich college English teaching methods and modes. 展开更多
关键词 TESOL programme management college English teaching
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TV Programmes 认领 引用
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作者 卢爱龙 《疯狂英语（初中天地）》 2002年第38期22-22,共1页
TV Programmes, Monday,June 12,2002 (CCTV) Channel 1 18:00 TV Classroom: Computer 18 : 30 Popular Music 19 : 00 News 19 : 30 Weather Report 19:40 Today's Focus(焦点)
关键词 TV Programmes World
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Clinical effects of a traditional Chinese medicine nursing programme to intervene in gastric pain of the spleen and stomach with Qi deficiency 认领 引用 被引量：4
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作者 Yin-Hong Yu Yu-Shuang Yu Xiao-He Cheng 《World Journal of Clinical Cases》 SCIE 2023年第21期5056-5062,共7页
BACKGROUND Gastroparesis is a common digestive disorder characterized by delayed gastric emptying,which can lead to symptoms such as nausea,vomiting,abdominal pain,and poor appetite.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)ha... BACKGROUND Gastroparesis is a common digestive disorder characterized by delayed gastric emptying,which can lead to symptoms such as nausea,vomiting,abdominal pain,and poor appetite.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has been used for centuries to treat gastrointestinal disorders,including gastroparesis.TCM theory suggests that spleen and stomach qi deficiency syndrome is one of the main pathogenic factors in gastroparesis.Nursing care plays an important role in the treatment of gastroparesis,and TCM nursing interventions have shown promising results in improving patient outcomes.However,there is limited research on the clinical effectiveness of TCM nursing interventions for gastroparesis with spleen stomach deficiency syndrome.This study aimed to evaluate the clinical effect of TCM nursing intervention in the treatment of gastroparesis with spleen stomach deficiency syndrome and to compare it with routine nursing interventions.AIM To analyze the clinical effect of traditional Chinese medicine nursing intervention in the treatment of gastric paraplegia with spleen stomach deficiency syndrome.METHODS From January 2020 to July 2021,80 patients with gastroparesis of spleen stomach qi deficiency type diagnosed in our hospital were selected for the study.The 80 patients were randomly divided into a control group and an experimental group,with 40 cases in each group.During the treatment period,the control group received routine nursing interventions,while the experimental group received traditional Chinese medicine nursing procedures.Compare the nursing effects of the two groups and observe the changes in traditional Chinese medicine symptom scores,pain levels,and sleep quality before and after treatment.RESULTS After treatment,comparing the treatment effects of the two groups,the total effective rate of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group,with statistical significance(P0.05).However,after treatment,the TCM syndrome scores,VAS scores,and PSQI scores of the experimental group were significantly lower than those of the control group,with a statistically significant difference(P<0.05).CONCLUSION In the clinical nursing intervention of patients with mild gastroparesis due to spleen and stomach qi deficiency,the traditional Chinese medicine nursing plan has good clinical application value and nursing effect,and has a good effect on improving patients’pain and sleep quality. 展开更多
关键词 Chinese medicine nursing programme Spleen and stomach qi deficiency type Gastric and epigastric pain Nursing effect Pain Sleep quality
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NewBee: Context-Free Grammar (CFG) of a New Programming Language for Novice Programmers 认领 引用
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作者 Muhammad Aasim Qureshi Muhammad Asif Saira Anwar 《Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing》 SCIE 2023年第7期439-453,共15页
Learning programming and using programming languages are the essential aspects of computer science education.Students use programming languages to write their programs.These computer programs(students or practitioners... Learning programming and using programming languages are the essential aspects of computer science education.Students use programming languages to write their programs.These computer programs(students or practitioners written)make computers artificially intelligent and perform the tasks needed by the users.Without these programs,the computer may be visioned as a pointless machine.As the premise of writing programs is situated with specific programming languages,enormous efforts have been made to develop and create programming languages.However,each program-ming language is domain-specific and has its nuances,syntax and seman-tics,with specific pros and cons.These language-specific details,including syntax and semantics,are significant hurdles for novice programmers.Also,the instructors of introductory programming courses find these language specificities as the biggest hurdle in students learning,where more focus is on syntax than logic development and actual implementation of the program.Considering the conceptual difficulty of programming languages and novice students’struggles with the language syntax,this paper describes the design and development of a Context-Free Grammar(CFG)of a programming language for the novice,newcomers and students who do not have computer science as their major.Due to its syntax proximity to daily conversations,this paper hypothesizes that this language will be easy to use and understand by novice programmers.This paper systematically designed the language by identifying themes from various existing programming languages(e.g.,C,Python).Additionally,this paper surveyed computer science experts from industry and academia,where experts self-reported their satisfaction with the newly designed language.The results indicate that 93%of the experts reported satisfaction with the NewBee for novice,newcomer and non-Computer Sci-ence(CS)major students. 展开更多
关键词 Programming language formal language computer language language grammar simple syntax programming language novice programmer
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Speech by Annette Kennedy, President of International Council of Nurses at Leadership for Change Programme Launching Ceremony in Beijing 2017 认领 引用
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作者 Annette Kennedy 《International Journal of Nursing Sciences》 2017年第3期215-216,共2页
Good morning, Ms Yanhong Guo, Deputy Director of Medical Administration, NHFPC, Dr Xiuhua Li, President of CNA, Board members, Mr Edward Zhou, General Manager Ethicon and Johnson & Johnson Representatives, Regiona... Good morning, Ms Yanhong Guo, Deputy Director of Medical Administration, NHFPC, Dr Xiuhua Li, President of CNA, Board members, Mr Edward Zhou, General Manager Ethicon and Johnson & Johnson Representatives, Regional CNA representatives, ICN trainers, Marcia Petrini & Kristine Qureshi, and all the program participants, and other guests. 展开更多
关键词 Beijing Director Programme
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Reasoning and Rehabilitation cognitive skills programme for mentally disordered offenders:Predictors of outcome 认领 引用 被引量：1
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作者 Susan Young Mrigendra Das Gisli H Gudjonsson 《World Journal of Psychiatry》 2016年第4期410-418,共9页
AIM To investigate factors predicting treatment completion and treatment outcome of the Reasoning and Rehabilitation Mental Health Programme(R&R2MHP)cognitive skills programme for mentally disordered offenders.MET... AIM To investigate factors predicting treatment completion and treatment outcome of the Reasoning and Rehabilitation Mental Health Programme(R&R2MHP)cognitive skills programme for mentally disordered offenders.METHODS Secondary analysis of data previously obtained from 97 male patients who were sectioned and detained under the United Kingdom Mental Health Act in low,medium and high security hospitals and who had completed R&R2MHP.Predictors of treatment completion included background variables and five outcome measures:Four self-reported measures of violent attitudes,social problem-solving skills,reactive anger and locus of control and an objective measure of behaviour on theward that was completed by staff.Completion of the 16 session programme,which was delivered on a weekly basis,was classified as≥12 sessions.RESULTS It was found that the R&R2MHP is appropriate for delivery to participants of different ages,ethnic background,and at different levels of security without the completion rate or treatment effectiveness being compromised.Participants taking oral typical psychotropic medication were over seven times more likely to complete the programme than other participants.Behavioural disturbance on the ward prior to commencing the programme predicted non-completion(medium effect size).As far as treatment completion was concerned,none of the background factors predicted treatment effectiveness(age,ethnic background,level of security,number of previous convictions and number of previous hospital admissions).The best predictor of treatment effectiveness was attitude towards violence suggesting that this should be the primary outcome measure in future research evaluating outcomes of the R&R2MHP cognitive skills program.CONCLUSION The findings suggest that a stable mental state is a key factor that predicts treatment completion. 展开更多
关键词 Treatment Completion Outcomes Mentally disordered offenders Reasoning and Rehabilitation Mental Health Programme Cognitive skills program
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Antibiotic stewardship programmes in intensive care units:Why,how,and where are they leading us 认领 引用 被引量：1
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作者 Yu-Zhi Zhang Suveer Singh 《World Journal of Critical Care Medicine》 2015年第1期13-28,共16页
Antibiotic usage and increasing antimicrobial resistance(AMR) mount significant challenges to patient safety and management of the critically ill on intensive care units(ICU). Antibiotic stewardship programmes(ASPs) a... Antibiotic usage and increasing antimicrobial resistance(AMR) mount significant challenges to patient safety and management of the critically ill on intensive care units(ICU). Antibiotic stewardship programmes(ASPs) aim to optimise appropriate antibiotic treatment whilst minimising antibiotic resistance. Different models of ASP in intensive care setting, include "standard" control of antibiotic prescribing such as "de-escalation strategies"through to interventional approaches utilising biomarkerguided antibiotic prescribing. A systematic review of outcomes related studies for ASPs in an ICU setting was conducted. Forty three studies were identified from MEDLINE between 1996 and 2014. Of 34 nonprotocolised studies, [1 randomised control trial(RCT), 22 observational and 11 case series], 29(85%) were positive with respect to one or more outcome: These were the key outcome of reduced antibiotic use, or ICU length of stay, antibiotic resistance, or prescribing cost burden. Limitations of non-standard antibiotic initiation triggers, patient and antibiotic selection bias or baseline demographic variance were identified. All 9 protocolised studies were RCTs, of which 8 were procalcitonin(PCT) guided antibiotic stop/start interventions. Five studies addressed antibiotic escalation, 3 de-escalation and 1 addressed both. Six studies reported positive outcomes for reduced antibiotic use, ICU length of stay or antibiotic resistance. PCT based ASPs are effective as antibiotic-stop(de-escalation) triggers, but not as an escalation trigger alone. PCT has also been effective in reducing antibiotic usage without worsening morbidity or mortality in ventilator associated pulmonary infection. No study has demonstrated survival benefit of ASP. Ongoing challenges to infectious disease management, reported by the World Health Organisation global report 2014, are high AMR to newer antibiotics, and regional knowledge gaps in AMR surveillance. Improved AMR surveillance data, identifying core aspects of successful ASPs that are transferable, and further well-conducted trials will be necessary if ASPs are to be an effective platform for delivering desired patient outcomes and safety through best antibiotic policy. 展开更多
关键词 Antibiotic stewardship programme Intensive care Antimicrobial resistance Antibacterial resistance Antibiotic resistance
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Supporting farmer-managed irrigation systems in the Shigar valley, Karakorum: Role of the government and Aga Khan Rural Support Programme 认领 引用
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作者 Joseph K.W.HILL 《Journal of Mountain Science》 SCIE CSCD 2017年第10期2064-2081,共18页
Farmer-managed irrigation systems(FMIS) in the high altitude valleys of the Karakorum,Pakistan, continue to be managed effectively despite increased pressure on the social arrangements that sustain them. Colonial era ... Farmer-managed irrigation systems(FMIS) in the high altitude valleys of the Karakorum,Pakistan, continue to be managed effectively despite increased pressure on the social arrangements that sustain them. Colonial era records shows that over a century ago government agencies undertook irrigation support projects. In the past three decades,government agencies and the non-government agency Aga Khan Rural Support Programme(AKRSP), which channels foreign funds into the region, have actively engaged in the provision of irrigation support. This article seeks to explore whether such projects support or undermine farmer-managed irrigation systems and the complex institutional arrangements that underpin them. Field research using ethnographic and participatory methods was conducted in spring 2013 in the upper Shigar valley, Skardu district, GilgitBaltistan. The findings show that irrigation development is a political activity that involves village-based actors, religious leaders, local politicians,and government and non-government agencies.Government agencies operate in a largely top-down,engineering mode, their larger projects limited to villages suffering water scarcity. The local government provides small funds for renovation work of FMIS,though allocation of funds is highly politicized. Nongovernment agencies, for a variety of reasons including donor-funding cycles, apply a one-size-fitsall ‘participatory' model in an attempt to socially engineer rules and institutions. In communities divided by factionalism the use of such external models that stress formation of committees are unlikely to yield positive results, and could instead contribute to undermining the very systems they seek to support. This research argues that irrigation interventions should take care to build upon the rich and complex social arrangements that have sustained FMIS through the centuries. 展开更多
关键词 Farmer-managed irrigation systems Institutional arrangements Government Aga Khan Rural Support Programme Shigar valley Karakorum
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A Study on the Translation of Erasmus+ Programme Guide 认领 引用
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作者 韩姣 《海外英语》 2016年第9期142-144,共3页
In 2014, the European Commission carries out a new programme----"Erasmus+ Programme". It increases people's skills and employability through provides grants to support students, trainees, staff and volun... In 2014, the European Commission carries out a new programme----"Erasmus+ Programme". It increases people's skills and employability through provides grants to support students, trainees, staff and volunteers to study or work abroad and organizations to organize activities. In order to let more Chinese people know about"Erasmus+ Programme"and participate in it, the author of the paper just selects its introductory part Erasmus+ Programme Guide to translate. While translating, the author of the paper finds that certain translation theory and correspondent translation methods must be adopted to guide the translation in order to produce a correct and expressive version. The paper is hence intended to study the translation theory and translation methods adopted in the translation of Erasmus+ Programme Guide. 展开更多
关键词 Erasmus+ Programme Erasmus+ Programme Guide translation theory translation method
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