BACKGROUND Cardiac resynchronization therapy(CRT)has been a major therapeutic advancement for patients with heart failure and electrical dyssynchrony.While CRT improves symptoms,reduces hospitalizations,and enhances s...BACKGROUND Cardiac resynchronization therapy(CRT)has been a major therapeutic advancement for patients with heart failure and electrical dyssynchrony.While CRT improves symptoms,reduces hospitalizations,and enhances survival,the role of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators(ICDs)alongside CRT in patients with non-ischemic cardiomyopathy(NICM)remains controversial.To evaluate and compare the outcomes of CRT with ICD(CRT-D)versus CRT with pacemaker-only(CRT-P)in individuals diagnosed with NICM,with a specific focus on the elderly.METHODS A comprehensive search of PubMed,Embase,and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials was conducted in January 2024.Studies comparing CRT-D and CRT-P in patients with NICM were included,with subgroup analyses focusing on patients aged 75 years and older.RESULTS Twelve studies,including two randomized clinical trials,with a total of 62,145 patients and 16,754 pooled death events(9,171 in CRT-D and 7,583 in CRT-P),were analyzed.CRT-D was associated with a significantly lower risk of all-cause mortality compared to CRT-P(pooled OR=0.72;95%CI:0.61-0.85;P<0.01),with significant heterogeneity(I2=83%).RCT subgroup analysis,was not statistically significant(pooled OR=0.82;95%CI:0.64-1.06;P=0.41;I2=0%).In patients older than 75 years,no significant difference in mortality risk was observed(pooled OR 0.96;95%CI:0.81-1.15;I2=39%).CONCLUSION Our meta-analysis suggests that the addition of ICD therapy to CRT in patients with NICM significantly reduces all-cause mortality.However,this benefit does not extend to cardiovascular mortality,likely due to the primary role of ICDs in preventing sudden cardiac death rather than other causes such as progressive heart failure.The survival advantage of CRT-D is most pronounced in younger patients,with those over 75 years of age deriving less benefit.This highlights the importance of careful patient selection,considering age and comorbidities,when deciding on ICD implantation in NICM patients.展开更多
Background The data on the prognostic values of high sensitivity C-reactive protein(hsCRP)levels in patients with advanced symp-tomatic heart failure(HF)receiving cardiac resynchronization therapy(CRT)are scarce.The a...Background The data on the prognostic values of high sensitivity C-reactive protein(hsCRP)levels in patients with advanced symp-tomatic heart failure(HF)receiving cardiac resynchronization therapy(CRT)are scarce.The aim of present study was to investigate the association of serum hsCRP levels with left ventricle reverse remodeling after six months of CRT as well as long-term outcome.Methods A total of 232 CRT patients were included.The assessment of hsCRP values,clinical status and echocardiographic data were performed at baseline and after six months of CRT.Long-term follow-up included all-cause mortality and hospitalizations for HF.Results During the mean follow-up periods of 31.3±31.5 months,elevated hsCRP(〉3 mg/L)prior to CRT was associated with a significant 2.39-fold increase(P=0.006)in the risk of death or HF hospitalizations.At 6-month follow-up,patients who responded to CRT showed significant reductions or maintained low in hsCRP levels(–0.5±4.1 mg/L reduction)compared with non-responders(1.7±6.1 mg/L increase,P=0.018).Com-pared with patients in whom 6-month hsCRP levels were reduced or remained low,patients in whom 6-month hsCRP levels were increased or maintained high experienced a significantly higher risk of subsequent death or HF hospitalizations(Log-rank P〈0.001).The echocardio-graphic improvement was also better among patients in whom 6-month hsCRP levels were reduced or remained low compared to those in whom 6-month hsCRP levels were raised or maintained high.Conclusions Our findings demonstrated that measurement of baseline and follow-up hsCRP levels may be useful as prognostic markers for timely potential risk stratification and subsequent appropriate treatment strategies in patients with advanced HF undergoing CRT.展开更多
Background Super-responders (SRs) are defined as patients who show crucial cardiac function improvement after cardiac resynchro- nization therapy (CRT). The purpose of this study is to identify and validate predic...Background Super-responders (SRs) are defined as patients who show crucial cardiac function improvement after cardiac resynchro- nization therapy (CRT). The purpose of this study is to identify and validate predictors of SRs after CRT. Methods This study enrolled 201 patients who underwent CRT during the period from 2010 to 2014. Clinical and echocardiographic evaluations were conducted before CRT and 6 months after. Patients with a decrease in New York Heart Association (NYHA) fimctional class 〉 1, a decrease in left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV) ≥ 15%, and a final left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≥ 45% were classified as SRs. Results 29% of the 201 patients who underwent CRT were identified as SRs. At baseline, SRs had significantly smaller left atrial diameter (LAD), LVESV, left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) and higher LVEF than the non-super-responders (non-SRs). The percentage of patients using angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers (ACEI/ARB) was higher in SRs than non-SRs. Most SRs had Biventricular (BiV) pacing percentage greater than 98% six months after CRT. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, the independ- ent predictors of SRs were lower LVEDV [odd ratios (OR): 0.93; confidence intervals (CI): 0.90-0.97], use of ACEI/ARB (OR: 0.33; CI: 0.13~3.82) and BiV pacing percentage greater than 98% (OR: 0.29; CI: 0.16~.87). Conclusion Patients with a better compliance of ACEI/ARB and a less ectatic ventricular geometry before CRT tends to have a greater probability of becoming SRs. Higher percentage of BiV pacing is essential for becoming SRs.展开更多
Objective To evaluate left univentricular (LUV) pacing for cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) using a rate-adaptive atrioven- tricular delay (RAAVD) algorithm to track physiological atrioventricular delay ...Objective To evaluate left univentricular (LUV) pacing for cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) using a rate-adaptive atrioven- tricular delay (RAAVD) algorithm to track physiological atrioventricular delay (AVD). Methods A total of 72 patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) were randomized to RAAVD LUV pacing versus standard biventricular (BiV) pacing in a 1 : 1 ratio. Echocardiography was used to optimize AVD for both groups. The effects of sequential BiV pacing and LUV pacing with optimized A-V (right atrio-LV) delay using an RAAVD algorithm were compared. The standard deviation (SD) of the S/R ratio in lead VI at five heart rate (HR) segments (Rs/R-SD5), defined as the "tracking index," was used to evaluate the accuracy of the RAAVD algorithm for tracking physiological AVD. Results TheQRS complex duration (132 ± 9.8 vs. 138± 10ms, P 〈 0.05), the time required for optimization (21 ±5 vs. 50±8min, P〈 0.001), the mitral regurgitant area (1.9 ± 1.1 vs. 2.5 ± 1.3 em2, P 〈 0.05), the interventricular mechanical delay time (60.7 ± 13.3 ms vs. 68.3 ± 14.2 ms, P 〈 0.05), and the average annual cost (13,200 ± 1000 vs. 21,600 ± 2000 RMB, P 〈 0.001) in the RAAVD LUV pacing group were significantly less than those in the standard BiV pacing group. The aortic valve velocity-time integral in the RAAVD LUV pacing group was greater than that in the standard BiV pacing group (22.7 ± 2.2 vs. 21.4 ± 2.1 cm, P 〈 0.05). The Rs/R-SD5 was 4.08 ± 1.91 in the RAAVD LUV pacing group, and was significantly negatively correlated with improved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (ALVEF, Pearson's r = -0.427, P = 0.009), and positively correlated with New York Heart Association class (Spearman's r - 0.348, P 0.037). Conclusions RAAVD LUV pacing is as effective as standard BiV pacing, can be more physiological than standard BiV pacing, and can de- crease the average annual cost of CRT.展开更多
Background Several liver function tests have been identified as predictors of hospitalization for heart failure(HF) and death in patients with chronic HF. The relationship between serum γ-glutamyltranferase(GGT) and ...Background Several liver function tests have been identified as predictors of hospitalization for heart failure(HF) and death in patients with chronic HF. The relationship between serum γ-glutamyltranferase(GGT) and albumin(SA) levels with the response to cardiac resynchronization therapy(CRT) has not been reliably determined. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of liver function tests on the results of CRT in the elderly. Methods Baseline GGT and SA were assessed before CRT device implantation in the elderly(> 70-year-old) patients. The endpoints were:(1) CRT response defined as > 5% left ventricular ejection fraction improvement and no hospitalization for HF or cardiovascular death;(2) hospitalizations;and(3) mortality. Results Eighty of 138(58%) included patients were responders at nine months. Compared to responders, the SA levels were not significantly different(35.1 ± 5.4 vs. 33.6 ± 5.5 g/L, P = 0.103);but the GGT levels, higher(81.6 ± 69.3 vs. 54.7 ± 49.6 U/L, P = 0.013) in non-responders to CRT. GGT level was independently associated with non-response to CRT(P < 0.001, OR = 0.17;95% CI: 0.08–0.38, P < 0.001). GGT cut-off value ≥ 55 U/L was highly predictive of non-response [AUC = 0.65, 64% Sensitivity, 69% Specificity(95% CI: 0.56–0.74)]. GGT ≥ 55 U/L was also associated with higher risk of hospitalization for atrial fibrillation(AF)(95% vs. 83%, P = 0.024). Both SA and GGT had no impact on overall(P = 0.220, P = 0.723) mortality. Conclusions Higher level of GGT is an independent predictor of non-response to CRT in patients over age 70 years and is associated with higher risk of hospitalization for AF. Baseline serum levels of albumin and GGT and have no impact on mortality in elderly patients undergoing CRT.展开更多
A 54-year-old female patient with congenital heart disease had a persistent complete left bundle branch block three months after closure by an Amplatzer ventricular septal defect occluder.Nine months later,the patient...A 54-year-old female patient with congenital heart disease had a persistent complete left bundle branch block three months after closure by an Amplatzer ventricular septal defect occluder.Nine months later,the patient suffered from chest distress,palpitation,and sweating at daily activities,and her 6-min walk distance decreased significantly(155 m).Her echocardiography showed increased left ventricular end-diastolic diameter with left ventricular ejection fraction of 37%.Her symptoms reduced significantly one week after received cardiac resynchronization therapy.She had no symptoms at daily activities,and her echo showed left ventricular ejection fraction of 46%and 53%.Moreover,left ventricular end-diastolic diameter decreased 6 and 10 months after cardiac resynchronization therapy,and 6-min walk dis-tance remarkably increased.This case demonstrated that persistent complete left bundle branch block for nine months after transcatheter closure with ventricular septal defect Amplatzer occluder could lead to left ventricular enlargement and a significant decrease in left ventricular systolic function.Cardiac resynchronization therapy decreased left ventricular end-diastolic diameter and increased left ventricular ejection fraction,thereby improving the patient’s heart functions.展开更多
Background:Left bundle branch block(LBBB)-induced cardiomyopathy has been proposed,but the association between LBBB and cardiac resynchronization therapy(CRT)response remains unclear and practical criteria for selecti...Background:Left bundle branch block(LBBB)-induced cardiomyopathy has been proposed,but the association between LBBB and cardiac resynchronization therapy(CRT)response remains unclear and practical criteria for selecting CRT candidates are needed.Methods:One hundred and seventeen consecutive heart failure patients were reviewed,24 of whom received CRT.Only two patients had a clear temporal relation between cardiomyopathy and LBBB.Results:Compared with the patient with“cardiomyopathy-induced LBBB,”the patient with“LBBB-induced cardiomyopathy”had higher left ventricular(LV)wall thickness,higher LV wall thickening rate,higher peak circumferential strain,and longer peak circumferential strain delay.The LV deformation patterns in the two patients were obviously distinct on cardiovascular magnetic resonance tissue tracking.During follow-up,the patient with LBBB-induced cardiomyopathy had a good response to CRT(LV ejection fraction 23 before CRT vs.30%at 6 months vs.29 at 12 months vs.32%at 18 months;LV end-diastolic diameter 77 mm before CRT vs.66 mm at 6 months vs.62 mm at 12 months vs.63 mm at 18 months),and the other patient had no response to CRT(LV ejection fraction 29 before CRT vs.29%at 6 months vs.26 at 12 months vs.22%at 24 months;LV end-diastolic diameter 85 mm before CRT vs.88 mm at 6 months vs.85 mm at 12 months vs.84 mm at 24 months).Conclusion:The temporal relation between cardiomyopathy and LBBB could be a determinant for CRT response.Cardiovascular magnetic resonance tissue tracking may be a useful tool to identify the chronological order and a principal consideration for selecting candidates for CRT.Larger prospective clinical trials are needed to study the prevalence of,time course of,and risk factors for LBBB-induced cardiomyopathy.展开更多
Background Transvenous lead placement is the standard approach for left ventricular (LV) pacing in cardiac resynchronization ther- apy (CRT), while the open chest access epicardial lead placement is currently the ...Background Transvenous lead placement is the standard approach for left ventricular (LV) pacing in cardiac resynchronization ther- apy (CRT), while the open chest access epicardial lead placement is currently the most frequently used second choice. Our study aimed to compare the ventricular electromechanical synchronicity in patients with heart failure after CRT with these two different LV pacing tech- niques. Methods We enrolled 33 consecutive patients with refractory heart failure secondly to dilated cardiomyopathy who were eligible for CRT in this study. Nineteen patients received transvenous (TV group) while 14 received open chest (OP group) LV lead pacing. Intraand inter-ventricular electromechanical synchronicity was assessed by tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) before and one year after CRT procedure. Results Before CRT procedure, the mean QRS-duration, maximum time difference to systolic peak velocity among 12 left ventricle segments (LV Ts-12), standard deviation of time difference to systolic peak velocity of 12 left ventricle segments (LV Ts-SD), and inter-ventficular mechanical delay (IVMD) in OP and TV group were 166 ± 17 ms and 170 ± 21 ms, 391 ±42 ms and 397 ± 36 ms, 144 ± 30 ms and 148 ± 22 ms, 58 ± 25 ms and 60 ± 36 ms, respectively (all P 〉 0.05). At one year after the CRT, the mean QRS-duration, LV Ts-12, LV Ts-SD, and IVMD in TV and OP group were 128 ± 14 ms and 141 ± 22 ms (P = 0.031), 136 ± 37 ms and 294 ± 119 ms (P = 0.023), 50± 22 ms and 96 ± 34 ms (P = 0.015), 27 ± 11 ms and 27 ± 26 ms (P = 0.86), respectively. The LV lead implantation procedure time was 53.4±16.3 rain for OP group and 136 ± 35.1 min for TV group (P = 0.016). The mean LV pacing threshold increased significantly from 1.7 ± 0.6 V/0.5 ms to 2.3 ± 1.6 V/0.5 ms (P 〈 0.05) in TV group while it remained stable in the OP group. Conclusions Compared to conventional endovascular approach, open chest access of LV pacing for CRT leads to better improvement of the intraventricular synchronization.展开更多
Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is associated with a favorable outcome only in patients with left bundle branch block (LBBB) pattern and in patients with a QRS duration 〉 150 ms, in patients with non-LBBB...Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is associated with a favorable outcome only in patients with left bundle branch block (LBBB) pattern and in patients with a QRS duration 〉 150 ms, in patients with non-LBBB pattern with a QRS duration of 120-150 ms usually is not beneficial. After adjusting for QRS duration, QRS morphology was no longer a determinant of the clinical response to CRT. In contrast to the mainstream view, we hypothesized that the unfavorable CRT outcome in patients with non-LBBB and a QRS duration of 120-150 ms is not due to the QRS morphology itself, but to less dyssynchrony and unfavorable patient characteristics in this subgroup, such as more ischemic etiology and greater prevalence of male patients compared with patients with LBBB pattern. Further, the current CRT technique is devised to eliminate the dyssynchrony present in patients with LBBB pattern and inappropriate to eliminate the dyssynchrony in patients with non-LBBB pattern. We also hypothesized that electrocardiography may also provide information about the presence of interventricular and left intraventricular dyssynchrony and the approximate location of the latest activated left ventricular (LV) region. To this end, we devised new ECG criteria to estimate interventricular and LV intraventricular dyssynchrony and the approximate location of the latest activated LV region. Our preliminary data demonstrated that the latest activated LV region in patients with nonspecific intraventricular conduction disturbance (NICD) pattern might be at a remote site from that present in patients with LBBB pattern, which might necessitate the invention of a novel CRT technique for patients with NICD pattern. The application of the new interventricular and LV intraventricular dyssynchrony ECG criteria and a potential novel CRT technique might decrease the currently high nonresponder rate in patients with NICD pattern.展开更多
BACKGROUND Cardiac resynchronization therapy(CRT)is a well-established therapy for patients with cardiomyopathy.CASE SUMMARY The patient underwent left bundle branch area and left ventricular(reaching the left ventric...BACKGROUND Cardiac resynchronization therapy(CRT)is a well-established therapy for patients with cardiomyopathy.CASE SUMMARY The patient underwent left bundle branch area and left ventricular(reaching the left ventricular lateral vein through the coronary sinus)pacing.The optimal CRT was performed under the right bundle branch of the patient by adjusting the optimal a-v and v-v interphases to achieve the maximal benefit of the treatment.CONCLUSION The patient was diagnosed with left bundle branch block and heart failure.A left bundle branch area pacemaker assisted in correcting the complete left bundle branch block.However,the shorter QRS wave shape after pacemaker implantation through the left bundle branch area indicated a complete right bundle branch block pattern.Hence,the left bundle branch area pacemaker is not always considered as the optimal treatment.The left bundle branch pacing with the optimization of cardiac resynchronization treatment may serve as a new CRT strategy.展开更多
Recurrent or incessant tachycardia is frequently found in symptomatic Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome, leading to ventricular dysfunction, dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and heart failure in infants and childre...Recurrent or incessant tachycardia is frequently found in symptomatic Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome, leading to ventricular dysfunction, dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and heart failure in infants and children.[1] Recently, Winter, et al.[2] report that WPW syndrome could provoke many kinds of cardiac dysfunction, leading to remodeling and progressive ventricular dilatation through pre-excita- tion-related dyssynchrony, even without arrhythmia.展开更多
Backgrounds Clinical trials have demonstrated that cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is effective in patients with "non-is- chemic cardiomyopathy". However, patients with dilated-phase hypertrophic cardiomyo...Backgrounds Clinical trials have demonstrated that cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is effective in patients with "non-is- chemic cardiomyopathy". However, patients with dilated-phase hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (DHCM) have been generally excluded from such trials. We aimed to compare the clinical outcome of CRT in patients with DHCM, idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDCM), or ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM). Methods A total of 312 consecutive patients (DHCM: n = 16; IDCM: n = 231; ICM: n = 65) undergoing CRT in Fuwai hospital were studied respectively. Response to CRT was defmed as reduction in left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV) _〉 15% at 6-month follow-up. Results Compared with DHCM, IDCM was associated with a lower total mortality (HR: 0.35, 95% CI: 0.13-0.90), cardiac mortality (HR: 0.29; 95% CI: 0.11-0.77), and total mortality or heart failure (HF) hospitalizations (HR: 0.34, 95% CI: 0.17-0.69), independent of known confounders. Compared with DHCM, the total mortality, cardiac mortality and total mortality or HF hospitalizations favored ICM but were not statistically significant (HR: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.22-1.61; HR: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.21-1.63; HR: 0.54, 95% CI: 0.26-1.15; respectively). Response rate to CRT was lower in the DHCM group than the other two groups although the differences didn't reach statistical significance. Conclusions Compared with IDCM, DHCM was associated with a worse outcome after CRT. The clinical outcome of DHCM patients receiving CRT was similar to or even worse than that of ICM patients. These indicate that DHCM behaves very differently after CRT.展开更多
Functional mitral regurgitation is a common finding among heart failure patients with ischemic and non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathies.The presence of moderate or severe mitral regurgitation is associated with highe...Functional mitral regurgitation is a common finding among heart failure patients with ischemic and non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathies.The presence of moderate or severe mitral regurgitation is associated with higher morbidity and mortality.Heart failure patients meeting electrocardiogram and left ventricle function criteria are good candidates for cardiac resynchronization therapy,which may reduce the degree of functional mitral regurgitation in the short and long term,specifically targeting myocardial dyssynchrony and inducing left ventricle reverse remodeling.In this article,we analyze data from the literature about predictors of mitral regurgitation improvement after cardiac resynchronization therapy implantation.展开更多
Background Clinical outcomes of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) in patients over the age of 80 have not been well de-scribed.MethodsWe retrospectively identified 96 consecutive patients≥ 80 years old who un...Background Clinical outcomes of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) in patients over the age of 80 have not been well de-scribed.MethodsWe retrospectively identified 96 consecutive patients≥ 80 years old who underwent an initial implant or an upgrade to CRT, with or without defibrillator (CRT-Dvs. CRT-P), at our institution between January 2003 and July 2008. The control cohort consisted of 177 randomly selected patients 〈 80 years old undergoing CRT implant during the same time period. The primary efficacy endpoint was all-cause mortality at 36 months, assessed by Kaplan-Meier time to first event curves.Results In the octogenarian cohort, mean age at CRT implant was 83.1 ± 2.9 yearsvs. 60.1 ± 8.8 years among controls (P 〈 0.001). Across both groups, 70% were male, mean left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was 24.8% ± 14.1% and QRS duration was 154 ± 24.8 ms, without significant differences between groups. Octo-genarians were more likely to have ischemic cardiomyopathy (74%vs. 37%,P 〈 0.001) and more likely to undergo upgrade to CRT instead of an initial implant (42%vs. 19%,P 〈 0.001). The rate of appropriate defibrillator shocks was lower among octogenarians (14%vs. 27%,P = 0.02) whereas the rate of inappropriate shocks was similar (3%vs. 6%,P = 0.55). At 36 months, there was no significant difference in the rate of all-cause mortality between octogenarians (11%) and controls (8%,P = 0.381).ConclusionAppropriately selected octogenarians who are candidates for CRT have similar intermediate-term mortality compared to younger patients receiving CRT.展开更多
Background Left bundle branch block (LBBB) results in an altered pattern of left ventricular (LV) activation and subsequent contraction. Cardiac synchrony and cardiac function are deteriorated by LBBB. However, th...Background Left bundle branch block (LBBB) results in an altered pattern of left ventricular (LV) activation and subsequent contraction. Cardiac synchrony and cardiac function are deteriorated by LBBB. However, the effect of LBBB history on progressive heart dysfunction and clinical efficacy of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) in such patients are not clear. In this study we explore the clinical efficacy and predictor of cardiac resynchronization therapy in LBBB heart dysfunction. Methods Twenty-seven LBBB patients with severe heart failure were treated with CRT. Twenty-six LBBB patients without CRT served as control. During 6 months follow-up, ECG, plasma NT-proBNP and echocardiogram indexes were measured. Results Compared with baseline, NYHA functional class of 23 patients (85.2%) was improved in CRT group. Compared with baseline and control, QRS duration (QRSd) was significantly more narrow (P = 0.023, P = 0.019), NT-proBNP was significantly lower (P = 0.011,P = 0.009), ventricular septal to left ventricular posterior wall delay time and left ventricular dyssynchrony index (Ts-SD) were significantly worse (P 〈 0.05); left ventricular ejection fraction, left ventricular end-systolic volume, mitral regurgitation area were significantly improved in CRT group (P 〈 0.05). when the LBBB history was I〉 2 years and QRSd I〉 155 ms, the sensitivity and specificity of CRT super-response were 53.4% and 85.6% respectively. Conclusions CRT can improve the synchronization and hemodynamic of LBBB patients with heart dysfunction, the LBBB history I〉 2 years and QRSd I〉 155 ms are one of the CRT super-response predictors.展开更多
The deleterious effects of long-term right ventricular pacing necessitated the search for alternative pacing sites which could prevent or alleviate pacinginduced cardiomyopathy.Until recently,biventricular pacing(BiVP...The deleterious effects of long-term right ventricular pacing necessitated the search for alternative pacing sites which could prevent or alleviate pacinginduced cardiomyopathy.Until recently,biventricular pacing(BiVP)was the only modality which could mitigate or prevent pacing induced dysfunction.Further,BiVP could resynchronize the baseline electromechanical dssynchrony in heart failure and improve outcomes.However,the high non-response rate of around 20%-30%remains a major limitation.This non-response has been largely attributable to the direct non-physiological stimulation of the left ventricular myocardium bypassing the conduction system.To overcome this limitation,the concept of conduction system pacing(CSP)came up.Despite initial success of the first CSP via His bundle pacing(HBP),certain drawbacks including lead instability and dislodgements,steep learning curve and rapid battery depletion on many occasions prevented its widespread use for cardiac resynchronization therapy(CRT).Subsequently,CSP via left bundle branch-area pacing(LBBP)was developed in 2018,which over the last few years has shown efficacy comparable to BiVP-CRT in small observational studies.Further,its safety has also been well established and is largely free of the pitfalls of the HBP-CRT.In the recent metanalysis by Yasmin et al,comprising of 6 studies with 389 participants,LBBPCRT was superior to BiVP-CRT in terms of QRS duration,left ventricular ejection fraction,cardiac chamber dimensions,lead thresholds,and functional status amongst heart failure patients with left bundle branch block.However,there are important limitations of the study including the small overall numbers,inclusion of only a single small randomized controlled trial(RCT)and a small follow-up duration.Further,the entire study population analyzed was from China which makes generalizability a concern.Despite the concerns,the meta-analysis adds to the growing body of evidence demonstrating the efficacy of LBBP-CRT.At this stage,one must acknowledge that the fact that still our opinions on this technique are largely based on observational data and there is a dire need for larger RCTs to ascertain the position of LBBPCRT in management of heart failure patients with left bundle branch block.展开更多
Cardiac resynchronization therapy(CRT) effected via biventricular pacing has been established as prime therapy for heart failure patients of New York Heart Association functional class Ⅱ, Ⅲ and ambulatory Ⅳ, reduce...Cardiac resynchronization therapy(CRT) effected via biventricular pacing has been established as prime therapy for heart failure patients of New York Heart Association functional class Ⅱ, Ⅲ and ambulatory Ⅳ, reduced left ventricular(LV) function, and a widened QRS complex. CRT has been shown to improve symptoms, LV function, hospitalization rates, and survival. In order to maximize the benefit from CRT and reduce the number of non-responders, consideration should be given to target the optimal site for LV lead implantation away from myocardial scar and close to the latest LV site activation; and also to appropriately program the device paying particular attention to optimal atrioventricular and interventricular intervals. We herein review current data related to both optimal LV lead placement and device programming and their effects on CRT clinical outcomes.展开更多
We read the research article entitled Is cardiac resyn- chronisation therapy feasible, safe and beneficial in the very elderly? with great interest. The authors emphasized that despite the average age of heart failur...We read the research article entitled Is cardiac resyn- chronisation therapy feasible, safe and beneficial in the very elderly? with great interest. The authors emphasized that despite the average age of heart failure was 77 years in the general population of UK,patients receiving cardiac re- synchronisation therapy [with pacemaker alone (CRT-P) or with additional defibrillator capabilities (CRT-D)] were on younger ages at 72 and 67 years respectively. In the lights of this data, we agree with the authors that CRT seems to be undemtilized in the elderly patients with heart failure.展开更多
We read with interest the article by Olechowski, et aL recently published in the Journal of Geriatric Cardiology. The results of this retrospective analysis of patients under- going cardiac resynchronization therapy ...We read with interest the article by Olechowski, et aL recently published in the Journal of Geriatric Cardiology. The results of this retrospective analysis of patients under- going cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) device implantation are in line with previous reports, suggesting that resynchronization therapy in the elderly is feasible and may lead to significant improvement of cardiac function and clinical status.展开更多
Congestive heart failure (HF) is a major and growing public health problem. The therapeutic approach includes non-pharmacological measures, pharmacological therapy,mechanical devices, and surgery. Despite the bene... Congestive heart failure (HF) is a major and growing public health problem. The therapeutic approach includes non-pharmacological measures, pharmacological therapy,mechanical devices, and surgery. Despite the benefits of optimal pharmacologic therapy, the prognosis is still not ideal. At this time, cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT)has gained wide acceptance as an alternative treatment for HF patients with conduction delay.1……展开更多
摘要BACKGROUND Cardiac resynchronization therapy(CRT)has been a major therapeutic advancement for patients with heart failure and electrical dyssynchrony.While CRT improves symptoms,reduces hospitalizations,and enhances survival,the role of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators(ICDs)alongside CRT in patients with non-ischemic cardiomyopathy(NICM)remains controversial.To evaluate and compare the outcomes of CRT with ICD(CRT-D)versus CRT with pacemaker-only(CRT-P)in individuals diagnosed with NICM,with a specific focus on the elderly.METHODS A comprehensive search of PubMed,Embase,and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials was conducted in January 2024.Studies comparing CRT-D and CRT-P in patients with NICM were included,with subgroup analyses focusing on patients aged 75 years and older.RESULTS Twelve studies,including two randomized clinical trials,with a total of 62,145 patients and 16,754 pooled death events(9,171 in CRT-D and 7,583 in CRT-P),were analyzed.CRT-D was associated with a significantly lower risk of all-cause mortality compared to CRT-P(pooled OR=0.72;95%CI:0.61-0.85;P<0.01),with significant heterogeneity(I2=83%).RCT subgroup analysis,was not statistically significant(pooled OR=0.82;95%CI:0.64-1.06;P=0.41;I2=0%).In patients older than 75 years,no significant difference in mortality risk was observed(pooled OR 0.96;95%CI:0.81-1.15;I2=39%).CONCLUSION Our meta-analysis suggests that the addition of ICD therapy to CRT in patients with NICM significantly reduces all-cause mortality.However,this benefit does not extend to cardiovascular mortality,likely due to the primary role of ICDs in preventing sudden cardiac death rather than other causes such as progressive heart failure.The survival advantage of CRT-D is most pronounced in younger patients,with those over 75 years of age deriving less benefit.This highlights the importance of careful patient selection,considering age and comorbidities,when deciding on ICD implantation in NICM patients.
摘要Background The data on the prognostic values of high sensitivity C-reactive protein(hsCRP)levels in patients with advanced symp-tomatic heart failure(HF)receiving cardiac resynchronization therapy(CRT)are scarce.The aim of present study was to investigate the association of serum hsCRP levels with left ventricle reverse remodeling after six months of CRT as well as long-term outcome.Methods A total of 232 CRT patients were included.The assessment of hsCRP values,clinical status and echocardiographic data were performed at baseline and after six months of CRT.Long-term follow-up included all-cause mortality and hospitalizations for HF.Results During the mean follow-up periods of 31.3±31.5 months,elevated hsCRP(〉3 mg/L)prior to CRT was associated with a significant 2.39-fold increase(P=0.006)in the risk of death or HF hospitalizations.At 6-month follow-up,patients who responded to CRT showed significant reductions or maintained low in hsCRP levels(–0.5±4.1 mg/L reduction)compared with non-responders(1.7±6.1 mg/L increase,P=0.018).Com-pared with patients in whom 6-month hsCRP levels were reduced or remained low,patients in whom 6-month hsCRP levels were increased or maintained high experienced a significantly higher risk of subsequent death or HF hospitalizations(Log-rank P〈0.001).The echocardio-graphic improvement was also better among patients in whom 6-month hsCRP levels were reduced or remained low compared to those in whom 6-month hsCRP levels were raised or maintained high.Conclusions Our findings demonstrated that measurement of baseline and follow-up hsCRP levels may be useful as prognostic markers for timely potential risk stratification and subsequent appropriate treatment strategies in patients with advanced HF undergoing CRT.
摘要Background Super-responders (SRs) are defined as patients who show crucial cardiac function improvement after cardiac resynchro- nization therapy (CRT). The purpose of this study is to identify and validate predictors of SRs after CRT. Methods This study enrolled 201 patients who underwent CRT during the period from 2010 to 2014. Clinical and echocardiographic evaluations were conducted before CRT and 6 months after. Patients with a decrease in New York Heart Association (NYHA) fimctional class 〉 1, a decrease in left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV) ≥ 15%, and a final left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≥ 45% were classified as SRs. Results 29% of the 201 patients who underwent CRT were identified as SRs. At baseline, SRs had significantly smaller left atrial diameter (LAD), LVESV, left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) and higher LVEF than the non-super-responders (non-SRs). The percentage of patients using angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers (ACEI/ARB) was higher in SRs than non-SRs. Most SRs had Biventricular (BiV) pacing percentage greater than 98% six months after CRT. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, the independ- ent predictors of SRs were lower LVEDV [odd ratios (OR): 0.93; confidence intervals (CI): 0.90-0.97], use of ACEI/ARB (OR: 0.33; CI: 0.13~3.82) and BiV pacing percentage greater than 98% (OR: 0.29; CI: 0.16~.87). Conclusion Patients with a better compliance of ACEI/ARB and a less ectatic ventricular geometry before CRT tends to have a greater probability of becoming SRs. Higher percentage of BiV pacing is essential for becoming SRs.
摘要Objective To evaluate left univentricular (LUV) pacing for cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) using a rate-adaptive atrioven- tricular delay (RAAVD) algorithm to track physiological atrioventricular delay (AVD). Methods A total of 72 patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) were randomized to RAAVD LUV pacing versus standard biventricular (BiV) pacing in a 1 : 1 ratio. Echocardiography was used to optimize AVD for both groups. The effects of sequential BiV pacing and LUV pacing with optimized A-V (right atrio-LV) delay using an RAAVD algorithm were compared. The standard deviation (SD) of the S/R ratio in lead VI at five heart rate (HR) segments (Rs/R-SD5), defined as the "tracking index," was used to evaluate the accuracy of the RAAVD algorithm for tracking physiological AVD. Results TheQRS complex duration (132 ± 9.8 vs. 138± 10ms, P 〈 0.05), the time required for optimization (21 ±5 vs. 50±8min, P〈 0.001), the mitral regurgitant area (1.9 ± 1.1 vs. 2.5 ± 1.3 em2, P 〈 0.05), the interventricular mechanical delay time (60.7 ± 13.3 ms vs. 68.3 ± 14.2 ms, P 〈 0.05), and the average annual cost (13,200 ± 1000 vs. 21,600 ± 2000 RMB, P 〈 0.001) in the RAAVD LUV pacing group were significantly less than those in the standard BiV pacing group. The aortic valve velocity-time integral in the RAAVD LUV pacing group was greater than that in the standard BiV pacing group (22.7 ± 2.2 vs. 21.4 ± 2.1 cm, P 〈 0.05). The Rs/R-SD5 was 4.08 ± 1.91 in the RAAVD LUV pacing group, and was significantly negatively correlated with improved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (ALVEF, Pearson's r = -0.427, P = 0.009), and positively correlated with New York Heart Association class (Spearman's r - 0.348, P 0.037). Conclusions RAAVD LUV pacing is as effective as standard BiV pacing, can be more physiological than standard BiV pacing, and can de- crease the average annual cost of CRT.
基金partly supported by Biotronik for data processing。
摘要Background Several liver function tests have been identified as predictors of hospitalization for heart failure(HF) and death in patients with chronic HF. The relationship between serum γ-glutamyltranferase(GGT) and albumin(SA) levels with the response to cardiac resynchronization therapy(CRT) has not been reliably determined. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of liver function tests on the results of CRT in the elderly. Methods Baseline GGT and SA were assessed before CRT device implantation in the elderly(> 70-year-old) patients. The endpoints were:(1) CRT response defined as > 5% left ventricular ejection fraction improvement and no hospitalization for HF or cardiovascular death;(2) hospitalizations;and(3) mortality. Results Eighty of 138(58%) included patients were responders at nine months. Compared to responders, the SA levels were not significantly different(35.1 ± 5.4 vs. 33.6 ± 5.5 g/L, P = 0.103);but the GGT levels, higher(81.6 ± 69.3 vs. 54.7 ± 49.6 U/L, P = 0.013) in non-responders to CRT. GGT level was independently associated with non-response to CRT(P < 0.001, OR = 0.17;95% CI: 0.08–0.38, P < 0.001). GGT cut-off value ≥ 55 U/L was highly predictive of non-response [AUC = 0.65, 64% Sensitivity, 69% Specificity(95% CI: 0.56–0.74)]. GGT ≥ 55 U/L was also associated with higher risk of hospitalization for atrial fibrillation(AF)(95% vs. 83%, P = 0.024). Both SA and GGT had no impact on overall(P = 0.220, P = 0.723) mortality. Conclusions Higher level of GGT is an independent predictor of non-response to CRT in patients over age 70 years and is associated with higher risk of hospitalization for AF. Baseline serum levels of albumin and GGT and have no impact on mortality in elderly patients undergoing CRT.
基金supported by the Social Development Program of Zhenjiang(SH2011024).
摘要A 54-year-old female patient with congenital heart disease had a persistent complete left bundle branch block three months after closure by an Amplatzer ventricular septal defect occluder.Nine months later,the patient suffered from chest distress,palpitation,and sweating at daily activities,and her 6-min walk distance decreased significantly(155 m).Her echocardiography showed increased left ventricular end-diastolic diameter with left ventricular ejection fraction of 37%.Her symptoms reduced significantly one week after received cardiac resynchronization therapy.She had no symptoms at daily activities,and her echo showed left ventricular ejection fraction of 46%and 53%.Moreover,left ventricular end-diastolic diameter decreased 6 and 10 months after cardiac resynchronization therapy,and 6-min walk dis-tance remarkably increased.This case demonstrated that persistent complete left bundle branch block for nine months after transcatheter closure with ventricular septal defect Amplatzer occluder could lead to left ventricular enlargement and a significant decrease in left ventricular systolic function.Cardiac resynchronization therapy decreased left ventricular end-diastolic diameter and increased left ventricular ejection fraction,thereby improving the patient’s heart functions.
基金the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China(grants 2016YFC1301000 and 2016YFC0900900).
摘要Background:Left bundle branch block(LBBB)-induced cardiomyopathy has been proposed,but the association between LBBB and cardiac resynchronization therapy(CRT)response remains unclear and practical criteria for selecting CRT candidates are needed.Methods:One hundred and seventeen consecutive heart failure patients were reviewed,24 of whom received CRT.Only two patients had a clear temporal relation between cardiomyopathy and LBBB.Results:Compared with the patient with“cardiomyopathy-induced LBBB,”the patient with“LBBB-induced cardiomyopathy”had higher left ventricular(LV)wall thickness,higher LV wall thickening rate,higher peak circumferential strain,and longer peak circumferential strain delay.The LV deformation patterns in the two patients were obviously distinct on cardiovascular magnetic resonance tissue tracking.During follow-up,the patient with LBBB-induced cardiomyopathy had a good response to CRT(LV ejection fraction 23 before CRT vs.30%at 6 months vs.29 at 12 months vs.32%at 18 months;LV end-diastolic diameter 77 mm before CRT vs.66 mm at 6 months vs.62 mm at 12 months vs.63 mm at 18 months),and the other patient had no response to CRT(LV ejection fraction 29 before CRT vs.29%at 6 months vs.26 at 12 months vs.22%at 24 months;LV end-diastolic diameter 85 mm before CRT vs.88 mm at 6 months vs.85 mm at 12 months vs.84 mm at 24 months).Conclusion:The temporal relation between cardiomyopathy and LBBB could be a determinant for CRT response.Cardiovascular magnetic resonance tissue tracking may be a useful tool to identify the chronological order and a principal consideration for selecting candidates for CRT.Larger prospective clinical trials are needed to study the prevalence of,time course of,and risk factors for LBBB-induced cardiomyopathy.
摘要Background Transvenous lead placement is the standard approach for left ventricular (LV) pacing in cardiac resynchronization ther- apy (CRT), while the open chest access epicardial lead placement is currently the most frequently used second choice. Our study aimed to compare the ventricular electromechanical synchronicity in patients with heart failure after CRT with these two different LV pacing tech- niques. Methods We enrolled 33 consecutive patients with refractory heart failure secondly to dilated cardiomyopathy who were eligible for CRT in this study. Nineteen patients received transvenous (TV group) while 14 received open chest (OP group) LV lead pacing. Intraand inter-ventricular electromechanical synchronicity was assessed by tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) before and one year after CRT procedure. Results Before CRT procedure, the mean QRS-duration, maximum time difference to systolic peak velocity among 12 left ventricle segments (LV Ts-12), standard deviation of time difference to systolic peak velocity of 12 left ventricle segments (LV Ts-SD), and inter-ventficular mechanical delay (IVMD) in OP and TV group were 166 ± 17 ms and 170 ± 21 ms, 391 ±42 ms and 397 ± 36 ms, 144 ± 30 ms and 148 ± 22 ms, 58 ± 25 ms and 60 ± 36 ms, respectively (all P 〉 0.05). At one year after the CRT, the mean QRS-duration, LV Ts-12, LV Ts-SD, and IVMD in TV and OP group were 128 ± 14 ms and 141 ± 22 ms (P = 0.031), 136 ± 37 ms and 294 ± 119 ms (P = 0.023), 50± 22 ms and 96 ± 34 ms (P = 0.015), 27 ± 11 ms and 27 ± 26 ms (P = 0.86), respectively. The LV lead implantation procedure time was 53.4±16.3 rain for OP group and 136 ± 35.1 min for TV group (P = 0.016). The mean LV pacing threshold increased significantly from 1.7 ± 0.6 V/0.5 ms to 2.3 ± 1.6 V/0.5 ms (P 〈 0.05) in TV group while it remained stable in the OP group. Conclusions Compared to conventional endovascular approach, open chest access of LV pacing for CRT leads to better improvement of the intraventricular synchronization.
摘要Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is associated with a favorable outcome only in patients with left bundle branch block (LBBB) pattern and in patients with a QRS duration 〉 150 ms, in patients with non-LBBB pattern with a QRS duration of 120-150 ms usually is not beneficial. After adjusting for QRS duration, QRS morphology was no longer a determinant of the clinical response to CRT. In contrast to the mainstream view, we hypothesized that the unfavorable CRT outcome in patients with non-LBBB and a QRS duration of 120-150 ms is not due to the QRS morphology itself, but to less dyssynchrony and unfavorable patient characteristics in this subgroup, such as more ischemic etiology and greater prevalence of male patients compared with patients with LBBB pattern. Further, the current CRT technique is devised to eliminate the dyssynchrony present in patients with LBBB pattern and inappropriate to eliminate the dyssynchrony in patients with non-LBBB pattern. We also hypothesized that electrocardiography may also provide information about the presence of interventricular and left intraventricular dyssynchrony and the approximate location of the latest activated left ventricular (LV) region. To this end, we devised new ECG criteria to estimate interventricular and LV intraventricular dyssynchrony and the approximate location of the latest activated LV region. Our preliminary data demonstrated that the latest activated LV region in patients with nonspecific intraventricular conduction disturbance (NICD) pattern might be at a remote site from that present in patients with LBBB pattern, which might necessitate the invention of a novel CRT technique for patients with NICD pattern. The application of the new interventricular and LV intraventricular dyssynchrony ECG criteria and a potential novel CRT technique might decrease the currently high nonresponder rate in patients with NICD pattern.
摘要BACKGROUND Cardiac resynchronization therapy(CRT)is a well-established therapy for patients with cardiomyopathy.CASE SUMMARY The patient underwent left bundle branch area and left ventricular(reaching the left ventricular lateral vein through the coronary sinus)pacing.The optimal CRT was performed under the right bundle branch of the patient by adjusting the optimal a-v and v-v interphases to achieve the maximal benefit of the treatment.CONCLUSION The patient was diagnosed with left bundle branch block and heart failure.A left bundle branch area pacemaker assisted in correcting the complete left bundle branch block.However,the shorter QRS wave shape after pacemaker implantation through the left bundle branch area indicated a complete right bundle branch block pattern.Hence,the left bundle branch area pacemaker is not always considered as the optimal treatment.The left bundle branch pacing with the optimization of cardiac resynchronization treatment may serve as a new CRT strategy.
摘要Recurrent or incessant tachycardia is frequently found in symptomatic Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome, leading to ventricular dysfunction, dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and heart failure in infants and children.[1] Recently, Winter, et al.[2] report that WPW syndrome could provoke many kinds of cardiac dysfunction, leading to remodeling and progressive ventricular dilatation through pre-excita- tion-related dyssynchrony, even without arrhythmia.
摘要Backgrounds Clinical trials have demonstrated that cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is effective in patients with "non-is- chemic cardiomyopathy". However, patients with dilated-phase hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (DHCM) have been generally excluded from such trials. We aimed to compare the clinical outcome of CRT in patients with DHCM, idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDCM), or ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM). Methods A total of 312 consecutive patients (DHCM: n = 16; IDCM: n = 231; ICM: n = 65) undergoing CRT in Fuwai hospital were studied respectively. Response to CRT was defmed as reduction in left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV) _〉 15% at 6-month follow-up. Results Compared with DHCM, IDCM was associated with a lower total mortality (HR: 0.35, 95% CI: 0.13-0.90), cardiac mortality (HR: 0.29; 95% CI: 0.11-0.77), and total mortality or heart failure (HF) hospitalizations (HR: 0.34, 95% CI: 0.17-0.69), independent of known confounders. Compared with DHCM, the total mortality, cardiac mortality and total mortality or HF hospitalizations favored ICM but were not statistically significant (HR: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.22-1.61; HR: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.21-1.63; HR: 0.54, 95% CI: 0.26-1.15; respectively). Response rate to CRT was lower in the DHCM group than the other two groups although the differences didn't reach statistical significance. Conclusions Compared with IDCM, DHCM was associated with a worse outcome after CRT. The clinical outcome of DHCM patients receiving CRT was similar to or even worse than that of ICM patients. These indicate that DHCM behaves very differently after CRT.
摘要Functional mitral regurgitation is a common finding among heart failure patients with ischemic and non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathies.The presence of moderate or severe mitral regurgitation is associated with higher morbidity and mortality.Heart failure patients meeting electrocardiogram and left ventricle function criteria are good candidates for cardiac resynchronization therapy,which may reduce the degree of functional mitral regurgitation in the short and long term,specifically targeting myocardial dyssynchrony and inducing left ventricle reverse remodeling.In this article,we analyze data from the literature about predictors of mitral regurgitation improvement after cardiac resynchronization therapy implantation.
摘要Background Clinical outcomes of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) in patients over the age of 80 have not been well de-scribed.MethodsWe retrospectively identified 96 consecutive patients≥ 80 years old who underwent an initial implant or an upgrade to CRT, with or without defibrillator (CRT-Dvs. CRT-P), at our institution between January 2003 and July 2008. The control cohort consisted of 177 randomly selected patients 〈 80 years old undergoing CRT implant during the same time period. The primary efficacy endpoint was all-cause mortality at 36 months, assessed by Kaplan-Meier time to first event curves.Results In the octogenarian cohort, mean age at CRT implant was 83.1 ± 2.9 yearsvs. 60.1 ± 8.8 years among controls (P 〈 0.001). Across both groups, 70% were male, mean left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was 24.8% ± 14.1% and QRS duration was 154 ± 24.8 ms, without significant differences between groups. Octo-genarians were more likely to have ischemic cardiomyopathy (74%vs. 37%,P 〈 0.001) and more likely to undergo upgrade to CRT instead of an initial implant (42%vs. 19%,P 〈 0.001). The rate of appropriate defibrillator shocks was lower among octogenarians (14%vs. 27%,P = 0.02) whereas the rate of inappropriate shocks was similar (3%vs. 6%,P = 0.55). At 36 months, there was no significant difference in the rate of all-cause mortality between octogenarians (11%) and controls (8%,P = 0.381).ConclusionAppropriately selected octogenarians who are candidates for CRT have similar intermediate-term mortality compared to younger patients receiving CRT.
基金supported by Science and Technology Key Foundation of Guangdong Province(No.2010B031600166)the Science and Technology Foundation of Guangdong Province(No.2011B061300072)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(No.7001020)
摘要Background Left bundle branch block (LBBB) results in an altered pattern of left ventricular (LV) activation and subsequent contraction. Cardiac synchrony and cardiac function are deteriorated by LBBB. However, the effect of LBBB history on progressive heart dysfunction and clinical efficacy of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) in such patients are not clear. In this study we explore the clinical efficacy and predictor of cardiac resynchronization therapy in LBBB heart dysfunction. Methods Twenty-seven LBBB patients with severe heart failure were treated with CRT. Twenty-six LBBB patients without CRT served as control. During 6 months follow-up, ECG, plasma NT-proBNP and echocardiogram indexes were measured. Results Compared with baseline, NYHA functional class of 23 patients (85.2%) was improved in CRT group. Compared with baseline and control, QRS duration (QRSd) was significantly more narrow (P = 0.023, P = 0.019), NT-proBNP was significantly lower (P = 0.011,P = 0.009), ventricular septal to left ventricular posterior wall delay time and left ventricular dyssynchrony index (Ts-SD) were significantly worse (P 〈 0.05); left ventricular ejection fraction, left ventricular end-systolic volume, mitral regurgitation area were significantly improved in CRT group (P 〈 0.05). when the LBBB history was I〉 2 years and QRSd I〉 155 ms, the sensitivity and specificity of CRT super-response were 53.4% and 85.6% respectively. Conclusions CRT can improve the synchronization and hemodynamic of LBBB patients with heart dysfunction, the LBBB history I〉 2 years and QRSd I〉 155 ms are one of the CRT super-response predictors.
摘要The deleterious effects of long-term right ventricular pacing necessitated the search for alternative pacing sites which could prevent or alleviate pacinginduced cardiomyopathy.Until recently,biventricular pacing(BiVP)was the only modality which could mitigate or prevent pacing induced dysfunction.Further,BiVP could resynchronize the baseline electromechanical dssynchrony in heart failure and improve outcomes.However,the high non-response rate of around 20%-30%remains a major limitation.This non-response has been largely attributable to the direct non-physiological stimulation of the left ventricular myocardium bypassing the conduction system.To overcome this limitation,the concept of conduction system pacing(CSP)came up.Despite initial success of the first CSP via His bundle pacing(HBP),certain drawbacks including lead instability and dislodgements,steep learning curve and rapid battery depletion on many occasions prevented its widespread use for cardiac resynchronization therapy(CRT).Subsequently,CSP via left bundle branch-area pacing(LBBP)was developed in 2018,which over the last few years has shown efficacy comparable to BiVP-CRT in small observational studies.Further,its safety has also been well established and is largely free of the pitfalls of the HBP-CRT.In the recent metanalysis by Yasmin et al,comprising of 6 studies with 389 participants,LBBPCRT was superior to BiVP-CRT in terms of QRS duration,left ventricular ejection fraction,cardiac chamber dimensions,lead thresholds,and functional status amongst heart failure patients with left bundle branch block.However,there are important limitations of the study including the small overall numbers,inclusion of only a single small randomized controlled trial(RCT)and a small follow-up duration.Further,the entire study population analyzed was from China which makes generalizability a concern.Despite the concerns,the meta-analysis adds to the growing body of evidence demonstrating the efficacy of LBBP-CRT.At this stage,one must acknowledge that the fact that still our opinions on this technique are largely based on observational data and there is a dire need for larger RCTs to ascertain the position of LBBPCRT in management of heart failure patients with left bundle branch block.
摘要Cardiac resynchronization therapy(CRT) effected via biventricular pacing has been established as prime therapy for heart failure patients of New York Heart Association functional class Ⅱ, Ⅲ and ambulatory Ⅳ, reduced left ventricular(LV) function, and a widened QRS complex. CRT has been shown to improve symptoms, LV function, hospitalization rates, and survival. In order to maximize the benefit from CRT and reduce the number of non-responders, consideration should be given to target the optimal site for LV lead implantation away from myocardial scar and close to the latest LV site activation; and also to appropriately program the device paying particular attention to optimal atrioventricular and interventricular intervals. We herein review current data related to both optimal LV lead placement and device programming and their effects on CRT clinical outcomes.
摘要We read the research article entitled Is cardiac resyn- chronisation therapy feasible, safe and beneficial in the very elderly? with great interest. The authors emphasized that despite the average age of heart failure was 77 years in the general population of UK,patients receiving cardiac re- synchronisation therapy [with pacemaker alone (CRT-P) or with additional defibrillator capabilities (CRT-D)] were on younger ages at 72 and 67 years respectively. In the lights of this data, we agree with the authors that CRT seems to be undemtilized in the elderly patients with heart failure.
摘要We read with interest the article by Olechowski, et aL recently published in the Journal of Geriatric Cardiology. The results of this retrospective analysis of patients under- going cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) device implantation are in line with previous reports, suggesting that resynchronization therapy in the elderly is feasible and may lead to significant improvement of cardiac function and clinical status.
摘要 Congestive heart failure (HF) is a major and growing public health problem. The therapeutic approach includes non-pharmacological measures, pharmacological therapy,mechanical devices, and surgery. Despite the benefits of optimal pharmacologic therapy, the prognosis is still not ideal. At this time, cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT)has gained wide acceptance as an alternative treatment for HF patients with conduction delay.1……