The Near Space Hypersonic Vehicle(NSHV)features a unique design and propulsion system,achieving exceptional speed,range,and maneuverability,which challenge ground-based radars.Space-Based Radar(SBR)offers a breakthrou...The Near Space Hypersonic Vehicle(NSHV)features a unique design and propulsion system,achieving exceptional speed,range,and maneuverability,which challenge ground-based radars.Space-Based Radar(SBR)offers a breakthrough for tracking NSHV targets,with allweather operation and freedom from Earth's curvature,but faces complex coordinate transformations.Traditional models often overlook the NSHV's dynamic gliding trajectory,especially the impact of hidden control variables on maneuvering,causing mismatches during rapid motion changes.This paper proposes a refined tracking model unified in the ECEF coordinate frame,incorporating model parameters that implicitly encode control laws,and presents an ExpectationMaximization Multi-swarm Cooperative Particle Swarm Optimization(EM-MCPSO)framework for both NSHV tracking and model parameter estimation to address this problem.To minimize conversion errors,a transformation matrix directly represented by the state in the EarthCentered Earth-Fixed(ECEF)coordinate is derived.Then the hybrid aerodynamic acceleration coefficients are introduced to precisely describe the dynamic behaviors,formulating target tracking as a joint estimation problem of state and parameters within EM framework.Finally,a self-learning algorithm based on a master–slave structured PSO is proposed to solve the optimization of the conditional expectations of EM under strong nonlinearity,with a Proportional-Derivative(PD)controller accelerating convergence,and updating the population structure with historical data.Simulations of vertical gliding and horizontal maneuvers validate the algorithm's effectiveness.展开更多
Appropriate resource scheduling is the key to achieving the best performance of Low Earth-Orbit(LEO)Multi-Target Tracking(MTT)for the Space-based Radar Networks(SBRN)system.The high-velocity nature of satellites impos...Appropriate resource scheduling is the key to achieving the best performance of Low Earth-Orbit(LEO)Multi-Target Tracking(MTT)for the Space-based Radar Networks(SBRN)system.The high-velocity nature of satellites imposes high demands on the convergence rate of filtering and tracking accuracy while escalating the complexity of dynamic scheduling.To address these challenges,this paper utilizes Two-Line Elements(TLE)information to fully exploit the limited power-aperture resource of space-based Colocated Multiple-Input Multiple-Output(C-MIMO)radar and constructs a Walker constellation SBRN system.On this basis,a cognitive distributed cooperative tracking framework with fusion feedback mechanism is proposed.Each node can serve as the fusion center,achieving optimal fusion through the Fast Covariance Intersection(FCI)criterion while reducing the communication requirements.The global outcomes are fed back to all local nodes which can hasten the convergence rate of target state estimation.To maximize the global MTT performance,a closed-loop Joint Multi-Dimensional Resource Scheduling(JMDRS)strategy that considers multi-coverage conditions and visible windows is established.Moreover,the Posterior Cramer-Rao Lower Bound under Global Fusion Feedback(GF-PCRLB)is derived to provide a quantifiable metric for the overall performance.Finally,a fast suboptimal solution to the nonconvex model is proposed based on cross-iterative dimension reduction and variable decoupling.It introduces the tracking Efficiency-to-Cost Ratio(ECR)to jointly decide the beam pointing as well as the transmit power and fusion weight of each beam.Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed method significantly outperforms the existing approaches in enhancing the MTT performance of the SBRN system.展开更多
Understanding fish movement trajectories in aquaculture is essential for practical applications,such as disease warning,feeding optimization,and breeding management.These trajectories reveal key information about the ...Understanding fish movement trajectories in aquaculture is essential for practical applications,such as disease warning,feeding optimization,and breeding management.These trajectories reveal key information about the fish’s behavior,health,and environmental adaptability.However,when multi-object tracking(MOT)algorithms are applied to the high-density aquaculture environment,occlusion and overlapping among fish may result in missed detections,false detections,and identity switching problems,which limit the tracking accuracy.To address these issues,this paper proposes FishTracker,a MOT algorithm,by utilizing a Tracking-by-Detection framework.First,the neck part of the YOLOv8 model is enhanced by introducing a Multi-Scale Dilated Attention(MSDA)module to improve object localization and classification confidence.Second,an Adaptive Kalman Filter(AKF)is employed in the tracking phase to dynamically adjust motion prediction parameters,thereby overcoming target adhesion and nonlinear motion in complex scenarios.Experimental results show that FishTracker achieves a multi-object tracking accuracy(MOTA)of 93.22% and 87.24% in bright and dark illumination conditions,respectively.Further validation in a real aquaculture scenario reveal that FishTracker achieves aMOTA of 76.70%,which is 5.34% higher than the baselinemodel.The higher order tracking accuracy(HOTA)reaches 50.5%,which is 3.4% higher than the benchmark.In conclusion,FishTracker can provide reliable technical support for accurate tracking and behavioral analysis of high-density fish populations.展开更多
Object tracking in 3D space is a classical problem in computer vision.In this paper,an efficient and robust X-Triplet detection method is proposed based on the support vector machine(SVM) and an adjacent matrix for lo...Object tracking in 3D space is a classical problem in computer vision.In this paper,an efficient and robust X-Triplet detection method is proposed based on the support vector machine(SVM) and an adjacent matrix for locating and tracking objects through stereo vision with minimal feature points.The X-Triplet,denoted as Tri-X,is a composite marker consisting of three sequential X-corners.The definition and types of Tri-X markers are introduced at first.Then a fast and robust X-corner detector based on the block search strategy and SVM is proposed to extract X-corner candidates with sub-pixel locations and orientations.Thereafter the X-corner adjacent matrix(XAM) is constructed using the orientation angle error to describe the possibility that any X-corner pair form a valid edge vector.The Tri-X candidates are then extracted efficiently from the XAM.Finally once the Tri-X markers are detected in binocular images,their 6D pose information can be recovered through stereo matching and triangulation technique.When multiple targets are involved simultaneously,different Tri-X markers can be utilized to identify different objects.Experimental results show that the proposed method outperformed the state-of-the-art in terms of both accuracy and efficiency for Tri-X marker detection.In localization precision test,it achieved 0.1 mm error for the position and 1° error for the orientation.Our method exhibits great potential for utilization in user-defined specific tracking tasks,offering flexibility and adaptability to various tracking requirements,especially multi-tool tracking in medical robotics.展开更多
This work provides a robust model predictive control framework tailored for tracking piece-wise constant reference signals for nonlinear dynamics subject to additive disturbances.The approach integrates setpoint optim...This work provides a robust model predictive control framework tailored for tracking piece-wise constant reference signals for nonlinear dynamics subject to additive disturbances.The approach integrates setpoint optimization and robust constraint satisfaction into a unified optimization problem,guaranteeing the robust stability within a vicinity of an optimal admissible setpoint.A crucial feature of the approach is its ability to preserve recursive feasibility despite abrupt variations in the target.An offline implementation based on set-valued system representations is also discussed.Numerical examples demonstrate the effectiveness of the controller.展开更多
Unknown external disturbances and hydrodynamic uncertainties pose significant challenges to accurate path tracking of autonomous underwater vehicles(AUVs).To address this problem,a guidance law ensuring trajectory con...Unknown external disturbances and hydrodynamic uncertainties pose significant challenges to accurate path tracking of autonomous underwater vehicles(AUVs).To address this problem,a guidance law ensuring trajectory convergence is proposed by incorporating position error and AUV dynamics.A deviation compensation disturbance rejection(DCDR)controller is developed by introducing an independent tunable gain to decouple disturbance rejection from state observer dynamics,thereby enabling separate design and coordination of nominal control and robust enhancement.The transfer function-based DCDR implementation is derived to demonstrate a systematic parameter tuning guideline,and the closed-loop stability is established through invariant set analysis.The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated through straight and circular path tracking simulations with and without wave-induced external disturbances.By maintaining an explicit control structure,the proposed DCDR can achieve improved tracking performance and reduced control effort compared with the linear active disturbance rejection control(LADRC)and the compensation function observer-based controller(CFO-C).展开更多
A framework for visual small target detection and tracking is introduced,leveraging Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)Remote Sensing Images(RSIs).The proposed Cropped Target Detection and Tracking(CTDT)framework comprises t...A framework for visual small target detection and tracking is introduced,leveraging Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)Remote Sensing Images(RSIs).The proposed Cropped Target Detection and Tracking(CTDT)framework comprises two integral stages:the detection stage and the tracking stage.During the detection stage,all targets can be identified from RSIs,providing a basis for the subsequent single-object tracking stage.Both stages are based on a cropping and random sampling strategy:the RSI is cropped into Small-Sized Images(SSIs),from which a random batch is constantly selected without repetition and fed into a network to locate the target until the target is discovered or all SSIs are used.This strategy improves the efficiency of detection and tracking.After cropping,the target may appear in multiple SSIs,and the target in each SSI may be incomplete.A Cropped Target Feature Extraction(CTFE)network is designed to detect and track the target by leveraging the information from small and incomplete targets in SSIs.CTFE achieves high precision and meets real-time requirements.The performance analysis of the detection network is also conducted in detail,and the results are instrumental in informing the design of the tracking network.By utilizing three UAV RSI datasets(UAVDT,UAV123,and DTB70),CTDT is compared to numerous state-of-the-art mainstream methods,such as PVT++,SiamBAN,SmallTrack,SiamAPN++,SiamIRCA,SiamFC,and CSK,to confirm its superiority and real-time performance.The results affirm that the proposed framework exhibits outstanding performance and adaptability to fast-moving targets,target loss,and camera failures,and holds promise for realtime applications.Additionally,real-world tests on a typical UAV platform demonstrate excellent performance and efficiency in a variety of UAV-specific tasks,as well as transferability for new missions.展开更多
With the increasing refinement of ornamental fish culture,understanding fish behavioral patterns has become critical.Fish movements not only reflect daily activity ranges but also reveal responses to environmental cha...With the increasing refinement of ornamental fish culture,understanding fish behavioral patterns has become critical.Fish movements not only reflect daily activity ranges but also reveal responses to environmental changes such as water currents and obstacles.However,traditional manual observation is limited by manpower and time,making it difficult to record fish behaviors over long periods stably.Existing automated tracking techniques often suffer from ID switches and track interruptions caused by rapid fish movement,occlusions,or intermingling,which in turn degrade the reliability of subsequent analyses.This paper proposes a deep learning-based multi-object fish tracking system that integrates YOLOv8n for object detection and employs an IoU matching criterion to associate detections across consecutive frames,thereby maintaining object ID continuity.To further reduce ID loss under rapid motion and partial occlusion,a multiple-LSTM prediction model is introduced as a temporal compensation mechanism,thereby improving timing stability and track continuity.Moreover,considering disturbances in the experimental field(e.g.,water disturbance and water current interference)that can blur fish body edges and fine details,an attention-enhanced detector,YOLOv8-CS(Convolutional Block Attention Module and Squeeze-and-Excitation),is developed by embedding CBAM and SE modules into the YOLOv8 architecture to enhance detection accuracy in dynamic waters.Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed system effectively increases the Multiple Object Tracking Accuracy(MOTA)to 77.23%and significantly reduces ID switches to 42.5,ensuring more robust and continuous trajectory tracking compared to benchmark methods.This system provides a highly reliable tool for automated behavior analysis in complex and dynamic aquatic environments.展开更多
This paper considers the tracking problem of a fleet of unmanned surface vehicles(USVs)subject to low state feedback frequencies,disturbances,and communication delays.Influenced by the high computational complexity of...This paper considers the tracking problem of a fleet of unmanned surface vehicles(USVs)subject to low state feedback frequencies,disturbances,and communication delays.Influenced by the high computational complexity of localization algorithms,the low-frequency state feedback brings challenges in fulfilling the high-frequency control requirement for USVs.Therefore,a novel self-triggered distributed model predictive control(ST-DMPC)approach,with a codesign dual-model control strategy,is proposed.By simultaneously optimizing control inputs and triggering intervals,this approach achieves expected control performance comparable to high-frequency control under low state feedback frequencies.Furthermore,sufficient conditions for ensuring recursive feasibility and closed-loop system stability are derived.Finally,a numerical experiment and comparison study are conducted to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed approach.展开更多
As oil and gas exploration progressively moves into deepwater regions,flow assurance in multiphase transport pipelines has become a critical issue.The complex conditions in deepwater environments often lead to the for...As oil and gas exploration progressively moves into deepwater regions,flow assurance in multiphase transport pipelines has become a critical issue.The complex conditions in deepwater environments often lead to the formation of hydrates,which can block pipelines.Therefore,the injection of hydrate inhibitors has become a common practice.In engineering practice,conservative dosing rates are typically adopted to ensure safety margins,but this often leads to a significant increase in costs.This paper presents a steady-state computational model to determine the distribution of inhibitors along the pipeline.The innovation lies in combining multiphase flash calculations with pipeline flow modeling,offering high accuracy and a wide range of applicability.This model is designed with modular flexibility,allowing substitution of different steady-state flow models and thermodynamic models,thereby extending its adaptability to diverse engineering scenarios.The computational results are compared with those from OLGA(a commercial software for multiphase flow simulation),and the results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves high accuracy,indicating that it can serve as a reference for optimizing inhibitor dosage.展开更多
The dynamic characteristics of the steering actuator,including response time-delay and calibration deviation,are crucial to a vehicle’s path tracking performance.This study proposes a novel vehicle path tracking cont...The dynamic characteristics of the steering actuator,including response time-delay and calibration deviation,are crucial to a vehicle’s path tracking performance.This study proposes a novel vehicle path tracking control strategy by combining nonlinear model predictive control(NMPC),time-delay model control,and calibration deviation compensation control.In the first stage,the path tracking NMPC strategy is designed without considering the steering actuator’s dynamic characteristics.In the second stage,by combining polynomial fitting with linear matrix inequality(LMI)techniques,a nonlinear time-delay model control algorithm is designed to address the response time-delay.In the third stage,based on the inverse model of the calibration deviation,a nonlinear compensation algorithm is designed for steering actuator’s calibration deviation.Finally,simulation and real vehicle experiment results are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed vehicle path tracking control strategy.展开更多
Accurately estimating depth from underwater monocular images is essential for the target tracking task of unmanned underwater vehicles.This work proposes a method based on the Lpg-Lap Unet architecture.First,the Unet ...Accurately estimating depth from underwater monocular images is essential for the target tracking task of unmanned underwater vehicles.This work proposes a method based on the Lpg-Lap Unet architecture.First,the Unet architecture integrates Laplacian pyramid depth residuals and Sobel operators to improve the boundary details in depth images,which may suffer from the feature loss caused by upsampling and the blurriness of underwater images.Multiscale local planar guidance layers then fully exploit the intermediate depth features,and a comprehensive loss function ensures robustness and accuracy.Experimental results on benchmarks demonstrate the effectiveness of Lpg-Lap Unet and its superior performance over state-of-the-art models.An underwater target tracking system is then designed to further validate its real-time capabilities in the AirSim simulation platform.展开更多
Dear Editor,This letter is concerned with the robust tracking control problem of automated vehicles(AVs).First,the dynamics of an AV is constructed by taking into account model uncertainties.Then,to guarantee the succ...Dear Editor,This letter is concerned with the robust tracking control problem of automated vehicles(AVs).First,the dynamics of an AV is constructed by taking into account model uncertainties.Then,to guarantee the successful completion of tracking tasks,an actor-critic learning-based robust tracking control scheme is designed.At last,formal stability analysis and experiment results are provided to verify the tracking performance of the designed control scheme.展开更多
Dear Editor,This letter deals with the autonomous underwater vehicle(AUV)three dimensional(3D)trajectory tracking control chronically suffering from poor accuracy and efficiency in complex hydrodynamics.A state-of-the...Dear Editor,This letter deals with the autonomous underwater vehicle(AUV)three dimensional(3D)trajectory tracking control chronically suffering from poor accuracy and efficiency in complex hydrodynamics.A state-of-the-art predictive adaptive controller(PAC)is proposed with a distinct dual closed-loop structure.展开更多
This study combines particle tracking velocimetry and thermographic phosphor thermometry to develop a new method for simultaneously measuring the flow field velocity and temperature based on the decay lifetime of phos...This study combines particle tracking velocimetry and thermographic phosphor thermometry to develop a new method for simultaneously measuring the flow field velocity and temperature based on the decay lifetime of phosphor particles.In this method,phosphor particles are used as tracer particles.Velocity is measured by tracking the position of the phosphor particles,and temperature is determined by obtaining the decay lifetime from multi-frame tracking of the particles’luminescence information,achieving instantaneous and simultaneous measurements.This paper analyzes the influence of the intensity characteristics of the phosphor particles and the number of frames used in particle tracking on the temperature measurement precision.The findings indicate that using the mean intensity from a local window of the particle to calculate the temperature yields higher precision than the maximum intensity.Furthermore,increasing the number of frames used for particle tracking within a specified range enhances the precision of the temperature measurement.Calibration results over a temperature range of 20℃-180℃show that the uncertainty of the phosphorescence decay slope constant is 3.5%-4.4%,indicating high-precision temperature measurements.Finally,the proposed method is experimentally validated by capturing the instantaneous velocity and temperature field of a cold jet flow.Based on the simultaneous measurement results,the turbulent heat flux of the flow field is determined,revealing that the heat exchange is most intense near the jet shear layer.These results confirm the method’s feasibility and its potential in studying multi-physics complex flow problems.展开更多
This paper is concerned with adaptive consensus tracking control of nonlinear multi-agent systems with actuator faults and unknown nonidentical control directions under double semi-Markovian switching topologies.Consi...This paper is concerned with adaptive consensus tracking control of nonlinear multi-agent systems with actuator faults and unknown nonidentical control directions under double semi-Markovian switching topologies.Considering the complex working environment and the stability differences in communication links between leaders and followers,a double semi-Markov process is first introduced to describe the random switching of communication topologies in the leader-follower structure.In order to address challenges from the unknown nonidentical control directions and partial loss of effectiveness actuator faults,a completely independent parameter is introduced into the Nussbaum function to overcome the inherent obstacle of mutual cancellation and avoid the rapid growth rate.Considering only the state information of agents is transmitted among the agents,an adaptive distributed fault-tolerant consensus tracking control is proposed based on the double semi-Markovian switching topologies using the designed Nussbaum function.Furthermore,the stability of the closed-loop nonlinear multi-agent systems is analyzed using contradiction argument and Lyapunov theorem,from which the asymptotic consensus tracking in mean square sense can be obtained.A numerical simulation example is provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.展开更多
This article investigates the robust current tracking control problem of three-phase grid-connected inverters with LCL filter under external disturbance by a dynamic state feedback control method.First,this paper cons...This article investigates the robust current tracking control problem of three-phase grid-connected inverters with LCL filter under external disturbance by a dynamic state feedback control method.First,this paper constructs an internal model to learn the information of the states and input of the grid-connected inverter under steady state.Second,by utilizing the internal model principle,the paper turns the tracking control problem into the robust stabilization control problem based on some appropriate coordinate transformations.Then,The paper designs a dynamics state feedback control law to deal with this robust stabilization problem,and thus the solution of the robust current tracking control problem of three-phase grid-connected inverters can be obtained.This control method can ensure the asymptotic stability of the closedloop system.Finally,the paper illustrates the effectiveness of the proposed control approach through several groups of simulations,and compares it with the feedforward control method to verify the robustness of the proposed control method to uncertain parameters.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62233014)。
摘要The Near Space Hypersonic Vehicle(NSHV)features a unique design and propulsion system,achieving exceptional speed,range,and maneuverability,which challenge ground-based radars.Space-Based Radar(SBR)offers a breakthrough for tracking NSHV targets,with allweather operation and freedom from Earth's curvature,but faces complex coordinate transformations.Traditional models often overlook the NSHV's dynamic gliding trajectory,especially the impact of hidden control variables on maneuvering,causing mismatches during rapid motion changes.This paper proposes a refined tracking model unified in the ECEF coordinate frame,incorporating model parameters that implicitly encode control laws,and presents an ExpectationMaximization Multi-swarm Cooperative Particle Swarm Optimization(EM-MCPSO)framework for both NSHV tracking and model parameter estimation to address this problem.To minimize conversion errors,a transformation matrix directly represented by the state in the EarthCentered Earth-Fixed(ECEF)coordinate is derived.Then the hybrid aerodynamic acceleration coefficients are introduced to precisely describe the dynamic behaviors,formulating target tracking as a joint estimation problem of state and parameters within EM framework.Finally,a self-learning algorithm based on a master–slave structured PSO is proposed to solve the optimization of the conditional expectations of EM under strong nonlinearity,with a Proportional-Derivative(PD)controller accelerating convergence,and updating the population structure with historical data.Simulations of vertical gliding and horizontal maneuvers validate the algorithm's effectiveness.
基金funded by the Foundation of State Key Laboratory,China(No.JKWATR-230301)。
摘要Appropriate resource scheduling is the key to achieving the best performance of Low Earth-Orbit(LEO)Multi-Target Tracking(MTT)for the Space-based Radar Networks(SBRN)system.The high-velocity nature of satellites imposes high demands on the convergence rate of filtering and tracking accuracy while escalating the complexity of dynamic scheduling.To address these challenges,this paper utilizes Two-Line Elements(TLE)information to fully exploit the limited power-aperture resource of space-based Colocated Multiple-Input Multiple-Output(C-MIMO)radar and constructs a Walker constellation SBRN system.On this basis,a cognitive distributed cooperative tracking framework with fusion feedback mechanism is proposed.Each node can serve as the fusion center,achieving optimal fusion through the Fast Covariance Intersection(FCI)criterion while reducing the communication requirements.The global outcomes are fed back to all local nodes which can hasten the convergence rate of target state estimation.To maximize the global MTT performance,a closed-loop Joint Multi-Dimensional Resource Scheduling(JMDRS)strategy that considers multi-coverage conditions and visible windows is established.Moreover,the Posterior Cramer-Rao Lower Bound under Global Fusion Feedback(GF-PCRLB)is derived to provide a quantifiable metric for the overall performance.Finally,a fast suboptimal solution to the nonconvex model is proposed based on cross-iterative dimension reduction and variable decoupling.It introduces the tracking Efficiency-to-Cost Ratio(ECR)to jointly decide the beam pointing as well as the transmit power and fusion weight of each beam.Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed method significantly outperforms the existing approaches in enhancing the MTT performance of the SBRN system.
基金funded by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.106-YDZX2025022)the Startup Foundation of New Professor at Nanjing Agricultural University(Grant No.106-804005)the“Qing Lan Project”of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions.
摘要Understanding fish movement trajectories in aquaculture is essential for practical applications,such as disease warning,feeding optimization,and breeding management.These trajectories reveal key information about the fish’s behavior,health,and environmental adaptability.However,when multi-object tracking(MOT)algorithms are applied to the high-density aquaculture environment,occlusion and overlapping among fish may result in missed detections,false detections,and identity switching problems,which limit the tracking accuracy.To address these issues,this paper proposes FishTracker,a MOT algorithm,by utilizing a Tracking-by-Detection framework.First,the neck part of the YOLOv8 model is enhanced by introducing a Multi-Scale Dilated Attention(MSDA)module to improve object localization and classification confidence.Second,an Adaptive Kalman Filter(AKF)is employed in the tracking phase to dynamically adjust motion prediction parameters,thereby overcoming target adhesion and nonlinear motion in complex scenarios.Experimental results show that FishTracker achieves a multi-object tracking accuracy(MOTA)of 93.22% and 87.24% in bright and dark illumination conditions,respectively.Further validation in a real aquaculture scenario reveal that FishTracker achieves aMOTA of 76.70%,which is 5.34% higher than the baselinemodel.The higher order tracking accuracy(HOTA)reaches 50.5%,which is 3.4% higher than the benchmark.In conclusion,FishTracker can provide reliable technical support for accurate tracking and behavioral analysis of high-density fish populations.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.92148206)National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No.2024YFC2418102)。
摘要Object tracking in 3D space is a classical problem in computer vision.In this paper,an efficient and robust X-Triplet detection method is proposed based on the support vector machine(SVM) and an adjacent matrix for locating and tracking objects through stereo vision with minimal feature points.The X-Triplet,denoted as Tri-X,is a composite marker consisting of three sequential X-corners.The definition and types of Tri-X markers are introduced at first.Then a fast and robust X-corner detector based on the block search strategy and SVM is proposed to extract X-corner candidates with sub-pixel locations and orientations.Thereafter the X-corner adjacent matrix(XAM) is constructed using the orientation angle error to describe the possibility that any X-corner pair form a valid edge vector.The Tri-X candidates are then extracted efficiently from the XAM.Finally once the Tri-X markers are detected in binocular images,their 6D pose information can be recovered through stereo matching and triangulation technique.When multiple targets are involved simultaneously,different Tri-X markers can be utilized to identify different objects.Experimental results show that the proposed method outperformed the state-of-the-art in terms of both accuracy and efficiency for Tri-X marker detection.In localization precision test,it achieved 0.1 mm error for the position and 1° error for the orientation.Our method exhibits great potential for utilization in user-defined specific tracking tasks,offering flexibility and adaptability to various tracking requirements,especially multi-tool tracking in medical robotics.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 62503054Grant U25A20460+3 种基金Grant 62173036Grant 62173035Grant 62122014the Beijing Natural Science Foundation Haidian Original Innovation Joint Fund Project under Grant L252035.
摘要This work provides a robust model predictive control framework tailored for tracking piece-wise constant reference signals for nonlinear dynamics subject to additive disturbances.The approach integrates setpoint optimization and robust constraint satisfaction into a unified optimization problem,guaranteeing the robust stability within a vicinity of an optimal admissible setpoint.A crucial feature of the approach is its ability to preserve recursive feasibility despite abrupt variations in the target.An offline implementation based on set-valued system representations is also discussed.Numerical examples demonstrate the effectiveness of the controller.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62473209,62073177).
摘要Unknown external disturbances and hydrodynamic uncertainties pose significant challenges to accurate path tracking of autonomous underwater vehicles(AUVs).To address this problem,a guidance law ensuring trajectory convergence is proposed by incorporating position error and AUV dynamics.A deviation compensation disturbance rejection(DCDR)controller is developed by introducing an independent tunable gain to decouple disturbance rejection from state observer dynamics,thereby enabling separate design and coordination of nominal control and robust enhancement.The transfer function-based DCDR implementation is derived to demonstrate a systematic parameter tuning guideline,and the closed-loop stability is established through invariant set analysis.The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated through straight and circular path tracking simulations with and without wave-induced external disturbances.By maintaining an explicit control structure,the proposed DCDR can achieve improved tracking performance and reduced control effort compared with the linear active disturbance rejection control(LADRC)and the compensation function observer-based controller(CFO-C).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52272390)the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province of China(No.YQ2022A009)the National High-Level Young Scholars Program,China(No.Q2022335)。
摘要A framework for visual small target detection and tracking is introduced,leveraging Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)Remote Sensing Images(RSIs).The proposed Cropped Target Detection and Tracking(CTDT)framework comprises two integral stages:the detection stage and the tracking stage.During the detection stage,all targets can be identified from RSIs,providing a basis for the subsequent single-object tracking stage.Both stages are based on a cropping and random sampling strategy:the RSI is cropped into Small-Sized Images(SSIs),from which a random batch is constantly selected without repetition and fed into a network to locate the target until the target is discovered or all SSIs are used.This strategy improves the efficiency of detection and tracking.After cropping,the target may appear in multiple SSIs,and the target in each SSI may be incomplete.A Cropped Target Feature Extraction(CTFE)network is designed to detect and track the target by leveraging the information from small and incomplete targets in SSIs.CTFE achieves high precision and meets real-time requirements.The performance analysis of the detection network is also conducted in detail,and the results are instrumental in informing the design of the tracking network.By utilizing three UAV RSI datasets(UAVDT,UAV123,and DTB70),CTDT is compared to numerous state-of-the-art mainstream methods,such as PVT++,SiamBAN,SmallTrack,SiamAPN++,SiamIRCA,SiamFC,and CSK,to confirm its superiority and real-time performance.The results affirm that the proposed framework exhibits outstanding performance and adaptability to fast-moving targets,target loss,and camera failures,and holds promise for realtime applications.Additionally,real-world tests on a typical UAV platform demonstrate excellent performance and efficiency in a variety of UAV-specific tasks,as well as transferability for new missions.
摘要With the increasing refinement of ornamental fish culture,understanding fish behavioral patterns has become critical.Fish movements not only reflect daily activity ranges but also reveal responses to environmental changes such as water currents and obstacles.However,traditional manual observation is limited by manpower and time,making it difficult to record fish behaviors over long periods stably.Existing automated tracking techniques often suffer from ID switches and track interruptions caused by rapid fish movement,occlusions,or intermingling,which in turn degrade the reliability of subsequent analyses.This paper proposes a deep learning-based multi-object fish tracking system that integrates YOLOv8n for object detection and employs an IoU matching criterion to associate detections across consecutive frames,thereby maintaining object ID continuity.To further reduce ID loss under rapid motion and partial occlusion,a multiple-LSTM prediction model is introduced as a temporal compensation mechanism,thereby improving timing stability and track continuity.Moreover,considering disturbances in the experimental field(e.g.,water disturbance and water current interference)that can blur fish body edges and fine details,an attention-enhanced detector,YOLOv8-CS(Convolutional Block Attention Module and Squeeze-and-Excitation),is developed by embedding CBAM and SE modules into the YOLOv8 architecture to enhance detection accuracy in dynamic waters.Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed system effectively increases the Multiple Object Tracking Accuracy(MOTA)to 77.23%and significantly reduces ID switches to 42.5,ensuring more robust and continuous trajectory tracking compared to benchmark methods.This system provides a highly reliable tool for automated behavior analysis in complex and dynamic aquatic environments.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)under Grant Nos.U24B20183,62273281U22B2039.
摘要This paper considers the tracking problem of a fleet of unmanned surface vehicles(USVs)subject to low state feedback frequencies,disturbances,and communication delays.Influenced by the high computational complexity of localization algorithms,the low-frequency state feedback brings challenges in fulfilling the high-frequency control requirement for USVs.Therefore,a novel self-triggered distributed model predictive control(ST-DMPC)approach,with a codesign dual-model control strategy,is proposed.By simultaneously optimizing control inputs and triggering intervals,this approach achieves expected control performance comparable to high-frequency control under low state feedback frequencies.Furthermore,sufficient conditions for ensuring recursive feasibility and closed-loop system stability are derived.Finally,a numerical experiment and comparison study are conducted to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed approach.
基金supported by Oil&Gas Major Project(Grant Nos.2025ZD1403004,2025ZD1403706,2025ZD1403501)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52574091)Beijing Nova Program(No.20240484721)。
摘要As oil and gas exploration progressively moves into deepwater regions,flow assurance in multiphase transport pipelines has become a critical issue.The complex conditions in deepwater environments often lead to the formation of hydrates,which can block pipelines.Therefore,the injection of hydrate inhibitors has become a common practice.In engineering practice,conservative dosing rates are typically adopted to ensure safety margins,but this often leads to a significant increase in costs.This paper presents a steady-state computational model to determine the distribution of inhibitors along the pipeline.The innovation lies in combining multiphase flash calculations with pipeline flow modeling,offering high accuracy and a wide range of applicability.This model is designed with modular flexibility,allowing substitution of different steady-state flow models and thermodynamic models,thereby extending its adaptability to diverse engineering scenarios.The computational results are compared with those from OLGA(a commercial software for multiphase flow simulation),and the results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves high accuracy,indicating that it can serve as a reference for optimizing inhibitor dosage.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52172390)in part by the National Key Research and Development Project of China(No.2022YFB4300400).
摘要The dynamic characteristics of the steering actuator,including response time-delay and calibration deviation,are crucial to a vehicle’s path tracking performance.This study proposes a novel vehicle path tracking control strategy by combining nonlinear model predictive control(NMPC),time-delay model control,and calibration deviation compensation control.In the first stage,the path tracking NMPC strategy is designed without considering the steering actuator’s dynamic characteristics.In the second stage,by combining polynomial fitting with linear matrix inequality(LMI)techniques,a nonlinear time-delay model control algorithm is designed to address the response time-delay.In the third stage,based on the inverse model of the calibration deviation,a nonlinear compensation algorithm is designed for steering actuator’s calibration deviation.Finally,simulation and real vehicle experiment results are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed vehicle path tracking control strategy.
基金partially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China(No.ZR2023ME009)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51909252)。
摘要Accurately estimating depth from underwater monocular images is essential for the target tracking task of unmanned underwater vehicles.This work proposes a method based on the Lpg-Lap Unet architecture.First,the Unet architecture integrates Laplacian pyramid depth residuals and Sobel operators to improve the boundary details in depth images,which may suffer from the feature loss caused by upsampling and the blurriness of underwater images.Multiscale local planar guidance layers then fully exploit the intermediate depth features,and a comprehensive loss function ensures robustness and accuracy.Experimental results on benchmarks demonstrate the effectiveness of Lpg-Lap Unet and its superior performance over state-of-the-art models.An underwater target tracking system is then designed to further validate its real-time capabilities in the AirSim simulation platform.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62503238,62473203)the Basic Research Program of Jiangsu(BK20250661,BK20250038)+1 种基金the Open Research Fund of The State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology(KFKT2025B66)the Natural Science Foundation for Colleges and Universities in Jiangsu Province(25KJB510021,24KJB520030)。
摘要Dear Editor,This letter is concerned with the robust tracking control problem of automated vehicles(AVs).First,the dynamics of an AV is constructed by taking into account model uncertainties.Then,to guarantee the successful completion of tracking tasks,an actor-critic learning-based robust tracking control scheme is designed.At last,formal stability analysis and experiment results are provided to verify the tracking performance of the designed control scheme.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U24B20183)the Pioneer Leading Goose+X Science and Technology Program of Zhejiang Province(2025C02018)。
摘要Dear Editor,This letter deals with the autonomous underwater vehicle(AUV)three dimensional(3D)trajectory tracking control chronically suffering from poor accuracy and efficiency in complex hydrodynamics.A state-of-the-art predictive adaptive controller(PAC)is proposed with a distinct dual closed-loop structure.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12322212,12172030,and 11902019)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.YWF-1113).
摘要This study combines particle tracking velocimetry and thermographic phosphor thermometry to develop a new method for simultaneously measuring the flow field velocity and temperature based on the decay lifetime of phosphor particles.In this method,phosphor particles are used as tracer particles.Velocity is measured by tracking the position of the phosphor particles,and temperature is determined by obtaining the decay lifetime from multi-frame tracking of the particles’luminescence information,achieving instantaneous and simultaneous measurements.This paper analyzes the influence of the intensity characteristics of the phosphor particles and the number of frames used in particle tracking on the temperature measurement precision.The findings indicate that using the mean intensity from a local window of the particle to calculate the temperature yields higher precision than the maximum intensity.Furthermore,increasing the number of frames used for particle tracking within a specified range enhances the precision of the temperature measurement.Calibration results over a temperature range of 20℃-180℃show that the uncertainty of the phosphorescence decay slope constant is 3.5%-4.4%,indicating high-precision temperature measurements.Finally,the proposed method is experimentally validated by capturing the instantaneous velocity and temperature field of a cold jet flow.Based on the simultaneous measurement results,the turbulent heat flux of the flow field is determined,revealing that the heat exchange is most intense near the jet shear layer.These results confirm the method’s feasibility and its potential in studying multi-physics complex flow problems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62333011,62020106003)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China(BK20222012)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(NE2024005)the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(KYCX24_0594)。
摘要This paper is concerned with adaptive consensus tracking control of nonlinear multi-agent systems with actuator faults and unknown nonidentical control directions under double semi-Markovian switching topologies.Considering the complex working environment and the stability differences in communication links between leaders and followers,a double semi-Markov process is first introduced to describe the random switching of communication topologies in the leader-follower structure.In order to address challenges from the unknown nonidentical control directions and partial loss of effectiveness actuator faults,a completely independent parameter is introduced into the Nussbaum function to overcome the inherent obstacle of mutual cancellation and avoid the rapid growth rate.Considering only the state information of agents is transmitted among the agents,an adaptive distributed fault-tolerant consensus tracking control is proposed based on the double semi-Markovian switching topologies using the designed Nussbaum function.Furthermore,the stability of the closed-loop nonlinear multi-agent systems is analyzed using contradiction argument and Lyapunov theorem,from which the asymptotic consensus tracking in mean square sense can be obtained.A numerical simulation example is provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
基金Supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2024ZYGXZR047)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62373156)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2024A1515011736)。
摘要This article investigates the robust current tracking control problem of three-phase grid-connected inverters with LCL filter under external disturbance by a dynamic state feedback control method.First,this paper constructs an internal model to learn the information of the states and input of the grid-connected inverter under steady state.Second,by utilizing the internal model principle,the paper turns the tracking control problem into the robust stabilization control problem based on some appropriate coordinate transformations.Then,The paper designs a dynamics state feedback control law to deal with this robust stabilization problem,and thus the solution of the robust current tracking control problem of three-phase grid-connected inverters can be obtained.This control method can ensure the asymptotic stability of the closedloop system.Finally,the paper illustrates the effectiveness of the proposed control approach through several groups of simulations,and compares it with the feedforward control method to verify the robustness of the proposed control method to uncertain parameters.